716:
31:
697:
94:
237:
685:
45:
69:
605:
572:
is 1.9 to 2.3 cm (0.75 to 0.91 in). Adults have a long forked black tail, black wings with white wing bars and a large bill. Adult males have a rose-red head, back and rump, They also possess black wings and tail, with a conical beak. Adult females are olive-yellow on the head and rump and
615:
Pine grosbeaks breed in the boreal forests of northern
Eurasia and North America, and typically either remain resident near their breeding grounds or migrate relatively short distances to the southern extent of boreal forests. During irruptive years, more travel to southern boreal forests and some
555:
family. It measures from 20 to 25.5 cm (7.9 to 10.0 in) in length and weighs from 52 to 78 g (1.8 to 2.8 oz), with an average mass of 56.4 g (1.99 oz). The pine grosbeak's wingspan is 13.0 in (33 cm). Among standard measurements, the
1201:
636:, for example, not more than 4 individuals per year and often none at all have been recorded since 1980. The birds have also been known to live in coniferous forests, and other woodlands of the sort.
651:. They nest on a horizontal branch or in a fork of a conifer. This bird is a permanent resident through most of its range; in the extreme north or when food sources are scarce, they may
350:(mountain-ashes in the New World). With fruit-crop abundance varying from year to year, pine grosbeak is one of many subarctic-resident bird species that exhibit irruptive behavior. In
715:
354:
years, individuals can move long distances in search of suitable food supplies, bringing them farther south and/or downslope than is typical of years with large fruit crops.
4905:
4970:
696:
5063:
4856:
4918:
835:
Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique
Septentrionale : contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois
4996:
1229:
1041:
904:
5088:
616:
move further south. In such years in the New World, they can occur well south of their typical winter distribution, which is the northern
4879:
4804:
896:
798:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1063:
1099:
5083:
539:
4817:
371:
226:
608:
4923:
890:
30:
4957:
1102:[Records of rare bird taxa (Aves) in Saxony from the ornithological collection of the Zoological Museum Dresden]
4708:
924:
4755:
501:
1100:"Nachweise seltener Vogeltaxa (Aves) in Sachsen aus der ornithologischen Sammlung des Museums für Tierkunde Dresden"
4975:
4835:
1126:
855:
4848:
1222:
93:
5078:
1179:
4724:
4699:
4884:
388:
4742:
4661:
684:
657:
5022:
3709:
1966:
1933:
829:
396:
381:
205:
182:
4760:
3352:
770:
4266:
3664:
3729:
3597:
1461:
1215:
939:
557:
433:
4039:
4005:
1174:
4340:
4320:
4128:
3543:
3372:
363:
58:
4949:
4293:
3637:
1351:
5068:
4148:
3901:
1592:
1537:
1317:
1149:
617:
264:
88:
5027:
4437:
4087:
3756:
3563:
3383:
3120:
2362:
4910:
3617:
2013:
5073:
5009:
4936:
4778:
3867:
1059:
1037:
955:
900:
593:
569:
475:
5014:
3917:
3718:
3235:
3201:
1387:
1141:
990:
947:
859:
801:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 171.
765:
542:, PLS, 1776) – inland west, central Alaska to eastern Canada and northern New England (U.S.)
298:
4747:
1207:
4983:
4635:
4565:
3745:
2591:
2331:
2248:
2123:
1886:
1875:
1491:
840:
The volume is dated 1807 on the title page but was not published until the following year.
484:
376:
4871:
1196:
747:
1187:
943:
44:
4843:
4830:
4614:
4600:
4586:
4572:
4474:
4419:
4356:
4185:
4096:
3673:
3626:
3217:
3026:
3005:
2775:
2641:
2634:
2099:
2082:
2075:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1615:
1477:
1443:
1010:
652:
523:
351:
236:
5057:
5040:
4931:
4593:
4502:
4377:
4227:
4157:
4069:
4048:
3931:
3511:
3483:
3275:
3244:
3054:
2968:
2809:
2683:
2600:
2580:
2573:
2492:
2481:
2460:
2345:
2300:
1895:
1841:
1650:
1422:
818:. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 284.
792:
756:
703:
492:
451:
367:
320:
222:
78:
73:
833:
813:
4783:
4621:
4537:
4481:
4446:
4405:
4349:
4309:
4220:
4192:
4117:
4062:
4055:
4021:
4014:
3938:
3842:
3772:
3738:
3441:
3413:
3169:
3155:
3089:
2936:
2887:
2838:
2791:
2669:
2611:
2545:
2512:
2444:
2420:
2402:
2310:
2286:
2276:
2269:
2217:
2151:
2037:
2003:
1978:
1915:
1636:
1498:
1408:
923:
Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012).
552:
510:
423:
331:
302:
4822:
796:
4770:
4962:
4944:
4892:
4693:
4544:
4530:
4523:
4467:
4412:
4398:
4255:
4248:
4199:
4178:
4164:
4137:
4103:
4076:
3924:
3910:
3821:
3586:
3552:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3406:
3392:
3284:
3255:
3190:
3103:
3040:
2922:
2908:
2880:
2866:
2852:
2818:
2784:
2715:
2662:
2648:
2620:
2557:
2501:
2393:
2317:
2255:
2241:
2165:
2144:
1987:
1866:
1827:
1820:
1757:
1664:
1622:
1553:
1526:
1519:
1401:
1378:
1340:
1308:
1296:
1281:
1239:
951:
621:
514:
165:
5035:
4558:
4488:
4460:
4329:
4282:
4241:
4234:
4028:
3994:
3959:
3945:
3849:
3828:
3814:
3765:
3697:
3606:
3579:
3532:
3476:
3362:
3295:
3210:
3176:
3110:
3061:
3019:
2998:
2984:
2859:
2845:
2798:
2755:
2690:
2655:
2627:
2382:
2324:
2231:
2137:
2068:
2061:
2051:
1855:
1806:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1737:
1688:
1679:
1657:
1601:
1581:
1567:
1505:
1470:
1450:
1436:
1394:
458:
446:
335:
4684:
925:"The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)"
863:
4426:
4370:
4363:
4275:
4206:
4171:
3973:
3966:
3876:
3835:
3807:
3793:
3779:
3653:
3525:
3518:
3490:
3427:
3328:
3264:
3224:
3183:
3148:
3134:
3075:
3047:
3033:
2991:
2977:
2957:
2950:
2915:
2901:
2894:
2873:
2829:
2735:
2676:
2566:
2474:
2429:
2372:
2352:
2224:
2193:
2158:
2106:
2044:
2030:
1792:
1748:
1484:
1429:
1367:
1275:
658:
625:
343:
328:
145:
105:
4809:
1011:"Pine Grosbeak Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
975:"Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves:
959:
604:
4678:
4628:
4607:
4551:
4495:
4391:
4302:
4213:
3980:
3952:
3800:
3504:
3497:
3448:
3399:
3162:
3096:
3082:
2929:
2724:
2467:
2409:
2293:
2262:
2179:
2113:
2092:
1906:
1813:
1730:
1695:
1643:
1629:
1608:
1560:
1415:
1360:
1333:
1257:
488:
428:
125:
4734:
973:
Tietze, D.T.; Päckert, M.; Martens, J.; Lehmann, H.; Sun, Y.-H. (2013).
4988:
4861:
4579:
4516:
4453:
4110:
3987:
3890:
3786:
3646:
3572:
3434:
3420:
3127:
3012:
2943:
2764:
2697:
2338:
2207:
2172:
2130:
2023:
1996:
1834:
1546:
1512:
1326:
1269:
1153:
645:
633:
574:
339:
312:
995:
974:
4719:
3883:
3856:
3141:
2453:
2200:
1848:
1799:
1723:
1251:
1127:"Notes on breeding activities and on gular sacs in the Pine Grosbeak"
707:
675:
667:
648:
629:
573:
grey on the back and underparts. Young birds have a less contrasting
324:
316:
115:
4897:
4655:
1145:
4796:
4791:
4509:
4384:
3068:
2704:
2186:
1922:
1574:
1263:
603:
578:
347:
295:
155:
5001:
725:
671:
663:
which they use to store seeds before feeding them to the young.
565:
561:
454:
and nuclear DNA sequences that were published in 2012 and 2013.
135:
4659:
3695:
3326:
2543:
1964:
1294:
1211:
584:
Its voice is geographically variable, and includes a whistled
624:
in the United States. This species is a very rare vagrant to
678:. Outside of the nesting season, they often feed in flocks.
391:
is Sweden. It is now the only species placed in the genus
838:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Chez Desray. p. iv.
526:, 1898 – inland southwestern Canada to west-central U.S.
346:, especially in winter, favoring small fruits, such as
568:
is 1.4 to 1.65 cm (0.55 to 0.65 in) and the
1058:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
895:. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. pp.
395:
that was erected in 1808 by the French ornithologist
3368:
3358:
3348:
3116:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2306:
2282:
2237:
2213:
2119:
2088:
2057:
2019:
2009:
4668:
4436:
4339:
4319:
4292:
4265:
4147:
4127:
4086:
4038:
4004:
3900:
3866:
3755:
3728:
3708:
3663:
3636:
3616:
3596:
3562:
3542:
3382:
3339:
3294:
3274:
3254:
3234:
3200:
2967:
2828:
2808:
2774:
2754:
2734:
2714:
2610:
2590:
2556:
2511:
2491:
2443:
2419:
2392:
1986:
1977:
1932:
1905:
1885:
1865:
1747:
1678:
1591:
1536:
1460:
1377:
1350:
1316:
1307:
1036:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992),
504:, 1880 – coastal southern Alaska and western Canada
1054:Clement, Peter; Harris, Alan; Davis, John (1993).
771:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22720625A132141177.en
560:is 10.2 to 11.6 cm (4.0 to 4.6 in), the
551:This species is one of the largest species in the
1197:Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the pine grosbeak
468:(Linnaeus, 1758) – Scandinavia to central Siberia
655:farther south. When breeding both sexes develop
564:is 7.8 to 9.5 cm (3.1 to 3.7 in), the
1193:– USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
450:based on results from phylogenetic studies of
1223:
1056:Finches and Sparrows: an Identification Guide
644:The breeding habitat of the pine grosbeak is
8:
892:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
4656:
3705:
3692:
3336:
3323:
2553:
2540:
1983:
1974:
1961:
1313:
1304:
1291:
1230:
1216:
1208:
702:Front view of female, notice forked tail,
235:
67:
43:
29:
20:
994:
983:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
769:
1079:Adkisson, C. S. (1999). "Pine grosbeak (
918:
916:
738:
680:
444:. It was moved to the rosefinch genus
305:. It is the only species in the genus
1087:. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
932:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
870:. International Ornithologists' Union
850:
848:
846:
670:in trees and bushes. They mainly eat
440:) was previously placed in the genus
7:
4849:fe31f30a-eee7-49b4-95cc-675da0f317a3
812:Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968).
577:overall, appearing shaggy when they
5064:IUCN Red List least concern species
757:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
366:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
14:
4885:pine-grosbeak-pinicola-enucleator
1085:The Birds of North America Online
1034:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
411:meaning "to dwell"; the specific
868:IOC World Bird List Version 10.1
815:Check-List of Birds of the World
714:
695:
683:
532:Price, 1897 – eastern California
426:to the bullfinches of the genus
419:meaning "to remove the kernel".
294:) is a large member of the true
92:
746:BirdLife International (2018).
319:, the western mountains of the
1240:finches, sparrows and tanagers
609:Kenai National Wildlife Refuge
478:, 1883) – northeastern Siberia
1:
1204:at VIREO (Drexel University)
581:their colored head plumage.
5089:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1202:Pine grosbeak photo gallery
952:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002
596:is a short musical warble.
5105:
1125:French, Norman R. (1954).
889:Jobling, James A. (2010).
3704:
3691:
3335:
3322:
2552:
2539:
1973:
1960:
1303:
1290:
1246:
1108:Faunistische Abhandlungen
764:: e.T22720625A132141177.
270:
263:
243:
234:
211:
204:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1180:Internet Bird Collection
1083:)". In Poole, A. (ed.).
600:Distribution and habitat
438:Carpodacus subhimachalus
407:meaning "pine tree" and
5084:Birds described in 1758
515:Queen Charlotte Islands
422:The pine grosbeak is a
1967:Nine-primaried oscines
1934:Nine-primaried oscines
830:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
612:
362:The pine grosbeak was
5023:Paleobiology Database
1175:"Pine grosbeak media"
1098:Töpfer, Till (2007).
1015:www.allaboutbirds.org
674:, buds, berries, and
640:Behaviour and ecology
607:
472:P. e. kamtschatkensis
397:Louis Pierre Vieillot
4844:Fauna Europaea (new)
864:"Finches, euphonias"
517:(off western Canada)
434:crimson-browed finch
5041:Pinicola-enucleator
4725:pinicola-enucleator
4700:Pinicola enucleator
4670:Pinicola enucleator
1190:Pinicola enucleator
1081:Pinicola enucleator
944:2012MolPE..62..581Z
750:Pinicola enucleator
723:Pinicola enucleator
482:P. e. sakhalinensis
403:combines the Latin
399:. The generic name
342:. The species is a
291:Pinicola enucleator
276:Linnaeus, 1758
215:Pinicola enucleator
59:Conservation status
3710:Catamblyrhynchinae
858:; Donsker, David;
618:Great Lakes region
613:
415:is from the Latin
364:formally described
258: Non-breeding
244:Breeding range of
197:P. enucleator
5051:
5050:
5010:Open Tree of Life
4662:Taxon identifiers
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4644:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2439:
2438:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1674:
1673:
1042:978-0-8493-4258-5
996:10.1111/zoj.12057
906:978-1-4081-2501-4
860:Rasmussen, Pamela
530:P. e. californica
311:. It is found in
282:
281:
186:
82:
52:Female in Canada
5096:
5044:
5043:
5031:
5030:
5018:
5017:
5005:
5004:
4992:
4991:
4979:
4978:
4966:
4965:
4963:NHMSYS0000530768
4953:
4952:
4940:
4939:
4927:
4926:
4914:
4913:
4901:
4900:
4888:
4887:
4875:
4874:
4865:
4864:
4852:
4851:
4839:
4838:
4826:
4825:
4813:
4812:
4800:
4799:
4787:
4786:
4774:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4751:
4750:
4738:
4737:
4728:
4727:
4715:
4714:
4704:
4703:
4702:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4657:
4267:Porphyrospizinae
3719:Catamblyrhynchus
3706:
3693:
3665:Xanthocephalinae
3370:
3360:
3350:
3337:
3324:
3236:Rhodinocichlidae
3202:Phaenicophilidae
3118:
2554:
2541:
2380:
2370:
2360:
2308:
2284:
2239:
2215:
2121:
2090:
2059:
2021:
2011:
1984:
1975:
1962:
1314:
1305:
1292:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1188:Pine Grosbeak –
1184:
1158:
1157:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1051:
1045:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
970:
964:
963:
929:
920:
911:
910:
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
852:
841:
839:
826:
820:
819:
809:
803:
802:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
773:
743:
718:
699:
687:
660:
495:, northern Japan
466:P. e. enucleator
461:are recognised:
385:Loxia enucleator
277:
273:Loxia enucleator
257:
251:
239:
217:
181:
97:
96:
76:
71:
70:
47:
33:
21:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5079:Holarctic birds
5054:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5039:
5034:
5026:
5021:
5013:
5008:
5000:
4995:
4987:
4984:Observation.org
4982:
4974:
4969:
4961:
4956:
4948:
4943:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4917:
4909:
4904:
4896:
4891:
4883:
4878:
4870:
4868:
4860:
4855:
4847:
4842:
4834:
4829:
4821:
4816:
4808:
4803:
4795:
4790:
4782:
4777:
4769:
4767:
4759:
4754:
4746:
4741:
4733:
4731:
4723:
4718:
4712:
4707:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4664:
4654:
4641:
4636:Wetmorethraupis
4566:Poecilostreptus
4432:
4335:
4315:
4288:
4261:
4143:
4123:
4082:
4034:
4000:
3896:
3862:
3751:
3746:Parkerthraustes
3730:Charitospizinae
3724:
3700:
3679:
3659:
3632:
3612:
3598:Dolichonychinae
3592:
3558:
3538:
3378:
3331:
3310:
3290:
3270:
3250:
3230:
3196:
2963:
2824:
2804:
2770:
2750:
2730:
2710:
2606:
2592:Calyptophilidae
2586:
2548:
2527:
2507:
2487:
2435:
2415:
2388:
2332:Rhynchostruthus
2124:Dysmorodrepanis
1969:
1948:
1928:
1901:
1887:Urocynchramidae
1881:
1861:
1743:
1670:
1587:
1532:
1462:Lagonostictinae
1456:
1373:
1346:
1299:
1286:
1242:
1236:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1146:10.2307/1364663
1129:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1004:
972:
971:
967:
927:
922:
921:
914:
907:
888:
887:
883:
873:
871:
862:, eds. (2020).
854:
853:
844:
828:
827:
823:
811:
810:
806:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
745:
744:
740:
735:
728:
719:
710:
700:
691:
688:
666:Pine grosbeaks
662:
642:
602:
549:
508:P. e. carlottae
377:Systema Naturae
360:
334:and across the
275:
259:
255:
253:
249:
230:
219:
213:
200:
180:
91:
83:
72:
68:
61:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
5102:
5100:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5056:
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5032:
5019:
5006:
4993:
4980:
4967:
4954:
4941:
4928:
4915:
4902:
4889:
4876:
4866:
4853:
4840:
4831:Fauna Europaea
4827:
4814:
4801:
4788:
4775:
4765:
4752:
4739:
4729:
4716:
4705:
4690:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4601:Stephanophorus
4597:
4590:
4587:Schistochlamys
4583:
4576:
4573:Pseudosaltator
4569:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4475:Chalcothraupis
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4420:Trichothraupis
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4357:Coryphospingus
4353:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4279:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4186:Kleinothraupis
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4097:Compsothraupis
4092:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4042:
4040:Hemithraupinae
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4010:
4008:
4006:Emberizoidinae
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3712:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3674:Xanthocephalus
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3345:
3343:
3341:incertae sedis
3333:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3218:Phaenicophilus
3214:
3206:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3027:Artemisiospiza
3023:
3016:
3009:
3006:Amphispizopsis
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2776:Mitrospingidae
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2642:Chlorothraupis
2638:
2635:Caryothraustes
2631:
2624:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2100:Coccothraustes
2096:
2086:
2083:Chrysocorythus
2079:
2076:Chlorodrepanis
2072:
2065:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2017:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1717:Onychostruthus
1713:
1710:Montifringilla
1706:
1703:Hypocryptadius
1699:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1478:Euschistospiza
1474:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1194:
1185:
1169:
1168:External links
1166:
1160:
1159:
1117:
1090:
1071:
1064:
1046:
1026:
1002:
965:
938:(2): 581–596.
912:
905:
881:
842:
821:
804:
793:Linnaeus, Carl
784:
737:
736:
734:
731:
730:
729:
720:
713:
711:
701:
694:
692:
689:
682:
656:
641:
638:
601:
598:
548:
545:
544:
543:
533:
527:
518:
505:
499:P. e. flammula
496:
479:
469:
359:
356:
280:
279:
268:
267:
261:
260:
254:
252: Resident
248:
241:
240:
232:
231:
220:
209:
208:
202:
201:
194:
192:
188:
187:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
85:
84:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Pine grosbeak
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5101:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5042:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4872:pine-grosbeak
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4658:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4594:Sporathraupis
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4503:Cnemathraupis
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4378:Heliothraupis
4375:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4341:Tachyphoninae
4338:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4321:Sporophilinae
4318:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4228:Pseudospingus
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4158:Castanozoster
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4129:Orchesticinae
4126:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4070:Heterospingus
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4049:Chrysothlypis
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3544:Amblycercinae
3541:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3512:Pseudoleistes
3509:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3484:Macroagelaius
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3373:Pyelorhamphus
3367:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3321:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3276:Teretistridae
3273:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3245:Rhodinocichla
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3055:Chlorospingus
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2969:Passerellidae
2966:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2810:Nesospingidae
2807:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:Periporphyrus
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2601:Calyptophilus
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2581:Rhynchophanes
2578:
2576:
2575:
2574:Plectrophenax
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2493:Peucedramidae
2490:
2484:
2483:
2482:Tmetothylacus
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2461:Dendronanthus
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2301:Pyrrhoplectes
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1896:Urocynchramus
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1842:Pseudonigrita
1839:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1651:Stagonopleura
1648:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1423:Glaucestrilda
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:Superfamily:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1110:(in German).
1109:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1065:0-691-03424-9
1061:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
978:
969:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
919:
917:
913:
908:
902:
898:
894:
893:
885:
882:
869:
865:
861:
857:
851:
849:
847:
843:
837:
836:
831:
825:
822:
817:
816:
808:
805:
800:
799:
794:
788:
785:
772:
767:
763:
759:
758:
753:
751:
742:
739:
732:
727:
724:
717:
712:
709:
705:
704:Gatineau Park
698:
693:
690:Immature male
686:
681:
679:
677:
673:
669:
664:
661:
659:gular pouches
654:
650:
647:
639:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
620:and northern
619:
610:
606:
599:
597:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
546:
541:
537:
536:P. e. leucura
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:P. e. montana
519:
516:
513:, 1922 – the
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:Kuril Islands
490:
486:
483:
480:
477:
473:
470:
467:
464:
463:
462:
460:
455:
453:
452:mitochondrial
449:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:type locality
386:
383:
382:binomial name
379:
378:
373:
372:tenth edition
369:
368:Carl Linnaeus
365:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
321:United States
318:
315:woods across
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
297:
293:
292:
287:
286:pine grosbeak
278:
274:
269:
266:
262:
247:
246:P. enucleator
242:
238:
233:
228:
224:
218:
216:
210:
207:
206:Binomial name
203:
199:
198:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
146:Passeriformes
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
80:
75:
74:Least Concern
64:
60:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4669:
4634:
4627:
4622:Tephrophilus
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4538:Lophospingus
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4482:Chlorochrysa
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4447:Anisognathus
4445:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4406:Rhodospingus
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4350:Conothraupis
4348:
4328:
4310:Saltatricula
4308:
4301:
4294:Saltatorinae
4281:
4274:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4221:Poospizopsis
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4193:Microspingus
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4136:
4118:Sericossypha
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4075:
4068:
4063:Hemithraupis
4061:
4056:Chlorophanes
4054:
4047:
4027:
4022:Emberizoides
4020:
4015:Coryphaspiza
4013:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3939:Geospizopsis
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3855:
3848:
3843:Pinaroloxias
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3773:Camarhynchus
3771:
3764:
3744:
3739:Charitospiza
3737:
3717:
3672:
3652:
3645:
3638:Sturnellinae
3625:
3605:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3551:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3414:Amblyramphus
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3340:
3283:
3263:
3243:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3170:Spizelloides
3168:
3161:
3156:Rhynchospiza
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3090:Oreothraupis
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2937:Protonotaria
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2888:Limnothlypis
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2839:Basileuterus
2837:
2817:
2797:
2792:Mitrospingus
2790:
2783:
2763:
2723:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:Cardinalidae
2599:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2546:Emberizoidea
2513:Emberizoidea
2500:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:Motacillidae
2428:
2421:Fringillinae
2408:
2403:Chlorophonia
2401:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2311:Rhodacanthis
2309:
2299:
2292:
2287:Psittirostra
2285:
2277:Pseudonestor
2275:
2270:Procarduelis
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2230:
2223:
2218:Melamprosops
2216:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2152:Hesperiphona
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2050:
2043:
2038:Callacanthis
2036:
2029:
2022:
2012:
2004:Agraphospiza
2002:
1995:
1979:Fringillidae
1921:
1916:Anomalospiza
1914:
1894:
1874:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1637:Oreostruthus
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1499:Lagonosticta
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1409:Delacourella
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1366:
1359:
1352:Erythrurinae
1339:
1332:
1325:
1274:Infraorder:
1189:
1178:
1163:
1140:(2): 83–85.
1137:
1133:
1120:
1114:(3): 63–101.
1111:
1107:
1093:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1033:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:
1005:
986:
982:
976:
968:
935:
931:
891:
884:
872:. Retrieved
867:
834:
824:
814:
807:
797:
787:
775:. Retrieved
761:
755:
749:
741:
722:
665:
643:
632:; in all of
614:
589:
585:
583:
550:
535:
529:
520:
507:
498:
481:
471:
465:
456:
445:
441:
437:
427:
424:sister taxon
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
392:
384:
375:
361:
332:Fennoscandia
307:
306:
303:Fringillidae
290:
289:
285:
283:
272:
271:
245:
214:
212:
196:
195:
176:
175:
156:Fringillidae
18:
4945:NatureServe
4893:iNaturalist
4694:Wikispecies
4545:Neothraupis
4531:Ixothraupis
4524:Iridosornis
4468:Calochaetes
4413:Tachyphonus
4399:Ramphocelus
4256:Xenospingus
4249:Urothraupis
4200:Nephelornis
4179:Donacospiza
4165:Cnemoscopus
4149:Poospizinae
4138:Orchesticus
4104:Cyanicterus
4077:Iridophanes
3925:Conirostrum
3911:Acanthidops
3902:Diglossinae
3822:Melanospiza
3587:Psarocolius
3553:Amblycercus
3470:Hypopyrrhus
3463:Gymnomystax
3456:Gnorimopsar
3407:Agelasticus
3393:Agelaioides
3305:See below ↓
3285:Teretistris
3256:Spindalidae
3191:Zonotrichia
3104:Passerculus
3041:Calamospiza
2923:Oreothlypis
2909:Myiothlypis
2881:Leiothlypis
2867:Helmitheros
2853:Catharopeza
2819:Nesospingus
2785:Lamprospiza
2745:See below ↓
2716:Emberizidae
2663:Granatellus
2649:Cyanocompsa
2621:Amaurospiza
2558:Calcariidae
2522:See below ↓
2502:Peucedramus
2394:Euphoniinae
2318:Rhodopechys
2256:Paroreomyza
2242:Orthiospiza
2166:Leucosticte
2145:Hemignathus
1988:Carduelinae
1943:See below ↓
1867:Prunellidae
1828:Plocepasser
1821:Philetairus
1758:Amblyospiza
1665:Taeniopygia
1623:Heteromunia
1593:Poephilinae
1554:Lepidopygia
1538:Lonchurinae
1527:Uraeginthus
1520:Spermophaga
1402:Cryptospiza
1379:Estrildinae
1341:Ortygospiza
1318:Amandavinae
1309:Estrildidae
1297:Passeroidea
1282:Passeroidea
989:: 215–234.
856:Gill, Frank
777:11 November
622:New England
586:pui pui pui
547:Description
166:Carduelinae
162:Subfamily:
5058:Categories
5036:Xeno-canto
4559:Pipraeidea
4489:Chlorornis
4461:Buthraupis
4438:Thraupinae
4330:Sporophila
4283:Rhopospina
4242:Thlypopsis
4235:Sphenopsis
4088:Nemosiinae
4029:Embernagra
3995:Xenodacnis
3960:Melanodera
3946:Haplospiza
3850:Platyspiza
3829:Melopyrrha
3815:Loxipasser
3766:Asemospiza
3757:Coerebinae
3698:Thraupidae
3607:Dolichonyx
3580:Cassiculus
3564:Cassicinae
3533:Xanthopsar
3477:Lampropsar
3384:Agelaiinae
3363:Pandanaris
3296:Thraupidae
3211:Microligea
3177:Torreornis
3121:Pedinorhis
3111:Passerella
3062:Chondestes
3020:Arremonops
2999:Amphispiza
2985:Ammodramus
2860:Geothlypis
2846:Cardellina
2799:Orthogonys
2756:Icteriidae
2691:Pheucticus
2656:Cyanoloxia
2628:Cardinalis
2383:Xestospiza
2363:Vangulifer
2325:Rhodospiza
2232:Oreomystis
2138:Haemorhous
2062:Chloridops
2052:Carpodacus
1856:Sporopipes
1807:Histurgops
1786:Dinemellia
1779:Bubalornis
1772:Brachycope
1765:Anaplectes
1738:Pyrgilauda
1689:Carpospiza
1680:Passeridae
1658:Stizoptera
1602:Aidemosyne
1582:Spermestes
1568:Mayrimunia
1506:Pyrenestes
1471:Clytospiza
1451:Parmoptila
1437:Nesocharis
1395:Coccopygia
1268:Suborder:
1238:Genera of
1134:The Condor
1020:2020-09-29
977:Carpodacus
733:References
646:coniferous
558:wing chord
553:true finch
511:Brooks, AC
459:subspecies
447:Carpodacus
413:enucleator
380:under the
336:Palearctic
313:coniferous
5069:Grosbeaks
4427:Volatinia
4371:Eucometis
4364:Creurgops
4276:Incaspiza
4207:Piezorina
4172:Cypsnagra
3974:Phrygilus
3967:Nesospiza
3918:Catamenia
3877:Cyanerpes
3836:Phonipara
3808:Loxigilla
3794:Euneornis
3780:Certhidea
3654:Sturnella
3618:Icterinae
3526:Quiscalus
3519:Ptiloxena
3491:Molothrus
3428:Chrysomus
3353:Cremaster
3329:Icteridae
3265:Spindalis
3225:Xenoligea
3184:Xenospiza
3149:Pooecetes
3135:Pezopetes
3076:Melospiza
3048:Centronyx
3034:Atlapetes
2992:Ammospiza
2978:Aimophila
2958:Vermivora
2951:Setophaga
2916:Oporornis
2902:Myioborus
2895:Mniotilta
2874:Leucopeza
2830:Parulidae
2736:Icteridae
2677:Passerina
2567:Calcarius
2475:Motacilla
2430:Fringilla
2373:Viridonia
2353:Telespiza
2225:Mycerobas
2194:Loxioides
2159:Himatione
2107:Crithagra
2045:Carduelis
2031:Bucanetes
2014:Aidemedia
1793:Euplectes
1749:Ploceidae
1485:Granatina
1430:Mandingoa
1388:Brunhilda
1368:Erythrura
1276:Passerida
1250:Kingdom:
628:parts of
626:temperate
487:, 1915 –
417:enucleare
352:irruption
344:frugivore
329:subarctic
327:, and in
191:Species:
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
5074:Pinicola
4950:2.104920
4937:22720625
4911:11230817
4748:22720625
4743:BirdLife
4732:BioLib:
4679:Wikidata
4629:Thraupis
4608:Stilpnia
4552:Paroaria
4496:Cissopis
4392:Loriotus
4303:Saltator
4214:Poospiza
3981:Rowettia
3953:Idiopsar
3932:Diglossa
3868:Dacninae
3801:Geospiza
3505:Oreopsar
3498:Nesopsar
3449:Euphagus
3400:Agelaius
3163:Spizella
3097:Oriturus
3083:Melozone
2930:Parkesia
2725:Emberiza
2468:Macronyx
2410:Euphonia
2294:Pyrrhula
2263:Pinicola
2249:Palmeria
2180:Linurgus
2114:Drepanis
2093:Ciridops
1997:Acanthis
1907:Viduidae
1876:Prunella
1814:Malimbus
1731:Petronia
1696:Gymnoris
1644:Poephila
1630:Neochmia
1609:Bathilda
1561:Lonchura
1492:Hypargos
1416:Estrilda
1361:Chloebia
1334:Amandava
1258:Chordata
1256:Phylum:
1252:Animalia
960:22023825
874:21 April
832:(1807).
795:(1758).
721:Eggs of
611:, Alaska
590:chii-vli
491:and the
489:Sakhalin
485:Buturlin
476:Dybowski
442:Pinicola
429:Pyrrhula
401:Pinicola
393:Pinicola
358:Taxonomy
308:Pinicola
265:Synonyms
223:Linnaeus
183:Vieillot
177:Pinicola
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
5002:1484525
4862:2494771
4685:Q214571
4615:Tangara
4580:Rauenia
4517:Dubusia
4454:Bangsia
4111:Nemosia
3988:Sicalis
3891:Tersina
3787:Coereba
3647:Leistes
3627:Icterus
3573:Cacicus
3435:Curaeus
3421:Anumara
3128:Peucaea
3013:Arremon
2944:Seiurus
2765:Icteria
2698:Piranga
2339:Serinus
2208:Magumma
2173:Linaria
2131:Eophona
2069:Chloris
2024:Akialoa
1835:Ploceus
1616:Emblema
1547:Euodice
1513:Pytilia
1444:Nigrita
1327:Amadina
1270:Passeri
1262:Class:
1154:1364663
940:Bibcode
899:, 307.
676:insects
653:migrate
649:forests
634:Germany
575:plumage
524:Ridgway
502:Homeyer
374:of his
370:in the
340:Siberia
172:Genus:
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
5028:369199
5015:341471
4976:175947
4924:179205
4869:GNAB:
4818:EURING
4797:pingro
4771:pingro
4720:ARKive
4713:pingro
3884:Dacnis
3857:Tiaris
3142:Pipilo
2454:Anthus
2346:Spinus
2201:Loxops
1849:Quelea
1800:Foudia
1724:Passer
1152:
1062:
1040:
958:
903:
708:Quebec
668:forage
630:Europe
592:. The
570:tarsus
540:Müller
457:Eight
432:. The
409:colere
387:. The
348:rowans
325:Canada
317:Alaska
299:family
256:
250:
185:, 1808
4906:IRMNG
4836:97491
4823:16990
4805:EUNIS
4792:eBird
4784:4HYPF
4768:BOW:
4510:Diuca
4385:Lanio
3442:Dives
3069:Junco
2705:Spiza
2670:Habia
2187:Loxia
1923:Vidua
1575:Padda
1150:JSTOR
1130:(PDF)
1104:(PDF)
928:(PDF)
672:seeds
579:moult
405:pinus
296:finch
38:Male
4997:OBIS
4971:NCBI
4932:IUCN
4919:ITIS
4898:9771
4857:GBIF
4810:8742
4761:9618
4756:BOLD
4735:9019
1264:Aves
1060:ISBN
1038:ISBN
956:PMID
901:ISBN
876:2020
779:2021
762:2018
726:MHNT
594:song
566:bill
562:tail
284:The
227:1758
136:Aves
4989:259
4958:NBN
4880:IBC
4779:CoL
4709:ABA
1142:doi
991:doi
987:169
948:doi
897:147
766:doi
588:or
338:to
5060::
5038::
5025::
5012::
4999::
4986::
4973::
4960::
4947::
4934::
4921::
4908::
4895::
4882::
4859::
4846::
4833::
4820::
4807::
4794::
4781::
4758::
4745::
4722::
4711::
4696::
4681::
1177:.
1148:.
1138:56
1136:.
1132:.
1112:26
1106:.
1013:.
985:.
981:.
979:)"
954:.
946:.
936:62
934:.
930:.
915:^
866:.
845:^
760:.
754:.
706:,
323:,
301:,
225:,
3369:†
3359:†
3349:†
3117:†
2379:†
2369:†
2359:†
2307:†
2283:†
2238:†
2214:†
2120:†
2089:†
2058:†
2020:†
2010:†
1231:e
1224:t
1217:v
1183:.
1156:.
1144::
1068:.
1044:.
1023:.
999:.
993::
962:.
950::
942::
909:.
878:.
781:.
768::
752:"
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474:(
436:(
288:(
229:)
221:(
81:)
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