2387:
205:
duplicates, which are resolved in ISO 639-3 by a code merger. It does include "languages" for which there is no evidence or which cannot be found. (In some cases, however, the evidence for nonexistence is a survey among the current population of the area, which would not identify extinct languages such as
190:
language codes which have been retired since the standard was established in 2006, arranged by the year in which the actual retirement took effect; in most cases the change request for retirement was submitted in the preceding year. Also included is a partial list of languages (with their SIL codes)
52:
Below is a sampling of languages that have been claimed to exist in reputable sources but have subsequently been disproved or challenged. In some cases a purported language is tracked down and turns out to be another, known language. This is common when language varieties are named after places or
204:
because the language apparently does not exist and cannot be identified with an existing language. The list does not include instances where the "language" turns out to be a spelling variant of another language or the name of a village where an already known language is spoken; these are cases of
48:
that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting their existence, and have been dismissed in later scholarship.
72:, the name given in 1892 to two Colonial word lists, one of Tlingit and one of a Salishan language, that were mistakenly listed as Patagonian. The error was corrected three times that year, but nonetheless "Hongote" was still listed as a Patagonian language a century later in Greenberg (1987).
212:
SIL codes are upper case; ISO codes are lower case. Once retired, ISO 639-3 codes are not reused. SIL codes that were retired prior to 2006 may have been re-used or may have reappeared as ISO codes for other languages.
100:
1432:
79:, one of the most linguistically diverse areas on Earth, some spurious languages are simply the names of language surveys that the data was published under. Examples are
1748:
According to
Glottolog, Jewish Berbers speak no differently than Muslim Berbers. However, there are claims, listed in the linked article, that this is not true.
915:
927:
606:â Ware is listed as extinct in Maho (2009). When an SIL team in Tanzania were not able to find any evidence of it being spoken, the code was retired.
1105:
Additional languages and codes were retired in 2016, due to a lack of evidence that they existed, but were not necessarily spurious as languages.
1946:
1918:
64:
of
Louisiana. Others are honest errors that persist in the literature despite being corrected by the original authors; an example of this is
1636:
2346:
2002:
1878:
861:
3922:
1291:
2337:(2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, VerĂłnica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.).
1577:
2132:
1141:
3870:
3845:
3820:
3795:
3770:
3745:
3719:
3694:
3655:
3630:
3605:
3580:
3555:
3530:
3505:
3480:
3455:
3430:
3405:
3380:
3355:
3330:
3304:
3279:
3253:
3227:
3201:
3176:
3150:
3124:
3098:
3073:
3048:
2978:
2953:
2927:
2901:
2875:
2849:
2823:
2797:
2771:
2745:
2698:
2222:
1119:
1869:
1557:
959:
801:
2386:
909:
104:
955:
1740:
924:â retired in 2015 (with the reason "Nonexistent") but that decision was reversed in 2023, bringing back
2093:
637:
2278:
2109:
1773:
1544:
936:
932:
732:
597:
2086:
2031:
1857:
1706:
416:
1199:
2102:
1800:
1793:
1511:
1359:
1053:
772:
511:
33:
1899:
57:
3903:
2342:
876:
795:
767:
714:
633:
492:
486:
404:
421:
Scandinavian Pidgin Sign
Language â normal inter-language contact, not an established pidgin
295:
1988 by mistake due to a misunderstanding, removed in 1992. No evidence that it ever existed.
2362:
2285:
2264:
1988:
1974:
1841:
1719:
1462:
1370:
1084:
1080:
1039:
778:
669:
319:
197:
but were removed prior to 2006, arranged by the first edition in which they did not appear.
2675:
2653:
2631:
2609:
2587:
2565:
2543:
2521:
2499:
2477:
2298:
2189:
2060:
1959:
1932:
1891:
1667:
1629:
1381:
1341:
1310:
1018:
1014:
921:
682:
665:
424:
123:
61:
303:
Senoufo â the
Tyeliri are a caste of leather workers, and do not have their own language
200:
The list includes codes that have been retired from ISO 639-3 or languages removed from
2250:
1615:
1487:
1439:
codes, as spurious/unattested in addition to those retired by the ISO. These include:
1393:
849:
845:
719:
133:
3916:
2724:
2401:
2341:. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59â166.
2334:
2207:
1850:
1819:
1526:
1223:
941:
900:
840:
836:
782:
603:
206:
2421:
3898:
1648:
870:
166:
108:
2175:
2161:
1727:
1337:
701:
2379:
2374:
1114:
880:
193:
137:
76:
2443:
103:; these are actually rivers that gave their names to language surveys in the
17:
3680:
2729:
2406:
1427:
944:â duplicate of Shubi but that decision was reversed in 2019, bringing back
814:
695:
187:
2236:
170:
147:
143:
45:
119:
Dubious languages are those whose existence is uncertain. They include:
2733:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
2410:. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
1832:
Purportedly the original language of the
Kpatili people, who now speak
1436:
2723:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
2400:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017).
1691:
1585:
157:
153:
127:
3025:
3003:
2193:
1833:
1210:
49:
Others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research.
340:(PNG) â described as "isolate in need of survey" in the 12th ed.
1781:
Historical form of modern-day language, not considered distinct
407:, some of uncertain correspondence to currently recognized names
3871:"Request Number 2022-009 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3846:"Request Number 2022-015 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3821:"Request Number 2022-011 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3796:"Request Number 2022-012 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3771:"Request Number 2022-012 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3746:"Request Number 2021-020 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3720:"Request Number 2021-021 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3695:"Request Number 2021-015 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3656:"Request Number 2019-032 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3631:"Request Number 2019-034 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3606:"Request Number 2019-025 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3581:"Request Number 2019-026 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3556:"Request Number 2019-015 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3531:"Request Number 2019-029 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3506:"Request Number 2019-028 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3481:"Request Number 2019-020 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3456:"Request Number 2019-019 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3431:"Request Number 2019-013 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3406:"Request Number 2019-018 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3381:"Request Number 2019-017 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3356:"Request Number 2018-011 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3331:"Request Number 2018-008 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3305:"Request Number 2018-016 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3280:"Request Number 2016-029 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3254:"Request Number 2017-017 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3228:"Request Number 2017-013 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3202:"Request Number 2016-004 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3177:"Request Number 2016-005 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3151:"Request Number 2016-002 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3125:"Request Number 2016-010 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3099:"Request Number 2015-032 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3074:"Request Number 2015-011 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
3049:"Request Number 2014-059 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2979:"Request Number 2014-032 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2954:"Request Number 2014-010 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2928:"Request Number 2011-133 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2902:"Request Number 2008-030 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2876:"Request Number 2006-016 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2850:"Request Number 2007-024 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2824:"Request Number 2007-254 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2798:"Request Number 2007-003 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2772:"Request Number 2006-124 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2746:"Request Number 2006-122 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2699:"Request Number 2006-016 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
1313:– posited based on a poor elicitation of ordinary Bisorio
935:â Kakauhua/Caucahue is an ethnonym, language unattested â see
2074:
Asserted to be both unattested and non-distinct by
Glottolog
415:â an ethnic name for people speaking a variety of Qiangic or
160:) â a recently created indigenous ethnicity, not a language
1005:â uncontacted, and likely one of the neighboring languages
56:
Some alleged languages turn out to be hoaxes, such as the
2015:
all likely candidates in the area already have ISO codes
1500:
all likely candidates in the area already have ISO codes
1161:â no substantive evidence that the language ever existed.
1146:â no substantive evidence that the language ever existed.
1435:
in
Leipzig, classifies several languages, some with
867:
Yiddish Sign
Language â no evidence that it existed
514:? Also a possible synonym for Kwak (retired in 2015)
27:
Reputably reported language later shown to not exist
2117:Indistinct variety of one of the related languages
528:) â no evidence it is distinct from Fungom and Bum
485:(though other languages without ISO codes, such as
1433:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1475:Dialect of Wetarese, taken for a Papuan language
2101:Unattested language, Glottolog argues is likely
600:â language family name, not individual language
163:Ladakhi Sign Language â no community to use it
8:
2676:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:WBD"
2654:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:RUR"
2632:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:OSO"
2610:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:NKQ"
2588:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:NCQ"
2566:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:MUF"
2544:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:ORB"
2522:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:LWD"
2500:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:CKN"
2478:"Ethnologue 14 report for language code:JIJ"
2210:(spoken in same locations as Southern Nisu)
785:â the two varieties which do not form a unit
775:â could be either of two existing languages
632:Kenyah â Any current use is likely either
1441:
692:â name given to several uncontacted groups
495:â suspected to exist, e.g. by Adelaar 2005
2339:The Indigenous Languages of South America
2026:Extinct and unattested Nigerian language
1122:â a home sign system, not a full language
1017:, Nambiquaras, or any hostile group (see
359:2 â a mislabeled fragment of a word list
1414:but SIL has no evidence it ever existed.
2952:Bickford, J. Albert (31 January 2014).
2466:Classifying the Austroasiatic languages
2326:
1565:Should be subsumed into Sitemu variant
3149:Bickford, Albert (23 September 2015).
1836:, but any such language is unattested
318:â name of an ethnic group that speaks
99:, listed as Indo-Pacific languages in
3744:Turki, Houcemeddine (21 April 2021).
3700:. SIL International. 25 February 2021
3561:. SIL International. 16 February 2019
1552:Should be subsumed into Koga variant
1094:
7:
3226:Bickford, J. Albert (9 March 2017).
3207:. SIL International. 26 October 2015
3123:Cheeseman, Nate (16 February 2016).
3436:. SIL International. 5 January 2019
3310:. SIL International. 20 August 2018
3175:Cheeseman, Nate (27 October 2015).
3026:"639 Identifier Documentation: xsj"
3004:"639 Identifier Documentation: dzd"
2796:Holbrook, David J. (5 April 2007).
3725:. SIL International. 26 April 2021
3661:. SIL International. 13 March 2019
3636:. SIL International. 13 March 2019
3586:. SIL International. 12 March 2019
3536:. SIL International. 18 March 2019
3511:. SIL International. 14 March 2019
3361:. SIL International. 9 August 2018
3329:Gehrmann, Ryan (22 January 2018).
3278:LegĂšre, Karsten (31 August 2016).
2926:LegĂšre, Karsten (18 August 2011).
2822:Peebles, Matt (1 September 2007).
2249:Unattested, but intelligeble with
2188:Confused entry duplicating either
25:
3876:. SIL International. 24 June 2022
3851:. SIL International. 30 June 2022
3826:. SIL International. 30 June 2022
3801:. SIL International. 30 June 2022
3776:. SIL International. 30 June 2022
3611:. SIL International. 7 March 2019
3486:. SIL International. 5 March 2019
3461:. SIL International. 4 March 2019
3411:. SIL International. 4 March 2019
3386:. SIL International. 1 March 2019
3079:. SIL International. 9 March 2015
2984:. SIL International. 25 July 2014
2900:McLaughlin, John (3 March 2008).
2063:; name exists due to form errors
1962:; name exists due to form errors
1894:; name exists due to form errors
1849:Insufficient attestion; possibly
1213:, a tribe and caste name in India
1079:â a SĂĄliba surname, perhaps just
489:, are also called Lowland Semang)
3104:. SIL International. 28 May 2015
2385:
1539:An ethnic group, not a language
958:("=/Kx'au//'ein") â dialect of
3252:LegĂšre, Karsten (18 May 2017).
2049:A place rather than a language
1680:A caste rather than a language
1593:A caste rather than a language
150:) â extinct, if it ever existed
2874:Hurd, Conrad (8 August 2006).
2848:Woodward, Mark (23 May 2007).
2770:Hurd, Conrad (21 March 2007).
2744:Hurd, Conrad (26 March 2007).
2697:Hurd, Conrad (8 August 2006).
2361:Upper Kaeme may correspond to
2085:Spurious misidentification of
1580:due solely to national border
990:â a Saliba and Guahibo surname
1:
3899:"Retired Code Elements Index"
3047:Dyer, Josh (28 August 2014).
1052:And several supposed extinct
191:that appeared at one time in
2235:Chinese and Indian name for
3681:"2020-026 | Iso 639-3"
2293:Place name, not a language
2206:Likely confused additional
1666:Mutually intelligible with
1056:of Venezuela and Colombia:
427:(Nigeria) â an ethnic name
3939:
2444:"ISO 639-3 Change History"
1705:Mutually intelligble with
1637:Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao
722:(Cameroon) â a group name
31:
713:Chimakum â duplicate of
664:Sufrai â two languages,
2221:Should be subsumed into
1120:Rennellese Sign Language
899:) â perhaps a typo for
32:Not to be confused with
2422:"Glottolog 2.4 â Adabe"
1628:Indistinguishable from
825:Pidgin â never existed
186:Following is a list of
2277:Ethnic group speaking
1419:Spurious according to
178:Spurious according to
105:Greater Awyu languages
1525:Misidentification of
1380:– duplicate of
1369:– duplicate of
1358:– duplicate of
1338:Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
1237:Babalia Creole Arabic
1021:for one specific use)
672:, which are not close
661:(Borana & Somali)
291:(Mexico) â added to
288:Tijuana Sign Language
2322:References and notes
1735:duplicate of Ong-Ir
1431:, maintained at the
937:Alacalufan languages
864:â duplicate of Mator
3751:. SIL International
3336:. SIL International
3285:. SIL International
3259:. SIL International
3233:. SIL International
3182:. SIL International
3156:. SIL International
3130:. SIL International
3054:. SIL International
3028:. SIL International
3006:. SIL International
2959:. SIL International
2933:. SIL International
2907:. SIL International
2881:. SIL International
2855:. SIL International
2829:. SIL International
2803:. SIL International
2777:. SIL International
2751:. SIL International
2704:. SIL International
1931:Also covered under
1158:Lyons Sign Language
1013:â generic name for
862:Mator-Taygi-Karagas
417:Jiarongic languages
3923:Spurious languages
1410:– listed in
1054:Arawakan languages
565:â an old town name
42:Spurious languages
34:Fictional language
3904:SIL International
2383:(17th ed., 2013)
2319:
2318:
2200:Southwestern Nisu
2133:Quetzaltepec Mixe
2009:Northwestern Fars
1694:, not a language
873:â duplicate of Oy
634:Mainstream Kenyah
405:Qiangic languages
115:Dubious languages
60:of Brazil or the
16:(Redirected from
3930:
3908:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3875:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3800:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3510:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3485:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3460:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2678:. Ethnologue.com
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2656:. Ethnologue.com
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2634:. Ethnologue.com
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2612:. Ethnologue.com
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2590:. Ethnologue.com
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2568:. Ethnologue.com
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2546:. Ethnologue.com
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:. Ethnologue.com
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2502:. Ethnologue.com
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2480:. Ethnologue.com
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2331:
1989:Makonde language
1947:Loloish language
1933:Gade Lohar (gda)
1919:Loloish language
1442:
1409:
1408:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1300:
1299:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1048:
1047:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
997:
996:
989:
988:
982:
981:
975:
974:
952:â does not exist
951:
950:
897:
896:
890:
889:
832:
831:
824:
823:
817:â a generic name
764:
763:
750:
749:
742:
741:
691:
690:
660:
659:
654:
653:
646:
645:
631:
630:
625:
624:
619:
618:
613:
612:
593:
592:
587:
586:
572:
571:
564:
563:
556:
555:
542:
541:
535:
534:
527:
526:
521:
520:
509:
508:
502:
501:
484:
483:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
458:
452:
451:
445:
444:
436:, 15th ed., 2005
414:
413:
403:â old names for
402:
401:
396:
395:
390:
389:
384:
383:
378:
377:
372:
371:
366:
365:
358:
357:
349:, 14th ed., 2000
339:
338:
330:, 13th ed., 1996
317:
316:
310:
309:
302:
301:
290:
289:
282:
281:
274:
273:
268:
267:
260:
259:
254:
253:
246:
245:
238:
237:
230:
229:
221:, 12th ed., 1992
97:
96:
91:
90:
85:
84:
70:
69:
21:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3913:
3912:
3897:
3894:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2464:Sidwell, 2009,
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2424:. Glottolog.org
2420:
2419:
2415:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2182:Southern Lolopo
2061:Yakkha language
1960:Yakkha language
1892:Yakkha language
1763:Kannada Kurumba
1578:Bainouk-Gunyuño
1424:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1342:Tunisian Arabic
1340:â duplicate of
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1307:
1297:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1205:
1204:
1198:â duplicate of
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1111:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1089:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1019:Cabixi language
1009:
1008:
1001:
1000:
994:
993:
986:
985:
979:
978:
972:
971:
968:
948:
947:
918:â a tribal name
912:â a tribal name
894:
893:
887:
886:
858:
848:â duplicate of
839:â duplicate of
833:â never existed
829:
828:
821:
820:
811:
798:â likely Ormuri
792:
761:
760:
757:
747:
746:
739:
738:
729:
710:
688:
687:
679:
657:
656:
651:
650:
647:â prison jargon
643:
642:
628:
627:
622:
621:
620:River Kenyah ,
616:
615:
614:River Kenyah ,
610:
609:
590:
589:
584:
583:
580:
569:
568:
561:
560:
553:
552:
549:
539:
538:
532:
531:
525:Southern Fungom
524:
523:
518:
517:
506:
505:
499:
498:
481:
480:
474:
473:
468:
467:
462:
461:
456:
455:
449:
448:
442:
441:
438:
411:
410:
399:
398:
393:
392:
387:
386:
381:
380:
375:
374:
369:
368:
363:
362:
355:
354:
351:
336:
335:
332:
314:
313:
307:
306:
299:
298:
287:
286:
279:
278:
271:
270:
265:
264:
257:
256:
251:
250:
243:
242:
235:
234:
227:
226:
223:
184:
117:
111:of New Guinea.
94:
93:
88:
87:
82:
81:
75:In the case of
67:
66:
62:Taensa language
58:KukurĂĄ language
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3936:
3934:
3926:
3925:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3893:
3892:External links
3890:
3888:
3887:
3862:
3837:
3812:
3787:
3762:
3736:
3711:
3686:
3672:
3647:
3622:
3597:
3572:
3547:
3522:
3497:
3472:
3447:
3422:
3397:
3372:
3347:
3321:
3296:
3270:
3244:
3218:
3193:
3167:
3141:
3115:
3090:
3065:
3039:
3017:
2995:
2970:
2944:
2918:
2892:
2866:
2840:
2814:
2788:
2762:
2736:
2715:
2689:
2667:
2645:
2623:
2601:
2579:
2557:
2535:
2513:
2491:
2469:
2457:
2435:
2413:
2392:
2367:
2354:
2347:
2335:Campbell, Lyle
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:Siona language
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2223:SÏcÏté Sénoufo
2219:
2216:
2215:Syerna Senoufo
2212:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1870:Lama (Myanmar)
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1373:
1362:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1272:Eastern Karnic
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1202:
1191:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1162:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1087:
1072:
1065:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1006:
998:
991:
983:
976:
967:
964:
963:
962:
953:
945:
939:
930:
925:
919:
913:
907:
884:
874:
868:
865:
857:
854:
853:
852:
843:
834:
826:
818:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:Forest Maninka
799:
791:
788:
787:
786:
776:
770:
765:
756:
753:
752:
751:
744:
736:
728:
725:
724:
723:
717:
709:
706:
705:
704:
699:
693:
685:
678:
675:
674:
673:
662:
648:
640:
607:
601:
595:
579:
576:
575:
574:
566:
558:
548:
545:
544:
543:
536:
529:
515:
503:
496:
490:
482:Lowland Semang
478:
453:
446:
437:
430:
429:
428:
422:
419:
408:
360:
350:
343:
342:
341:
331:
324:
323:
322:
311:
304:
296:
284:
276:
262:
248:
240:
232:
222:
215:
183:
176:
175:
174:
164:
161:
151:
141:
131:
116:
113:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3935:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3747:
3740:
3737:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3332:
3325:
3322:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3255:
3248:
3245:
3229:
3222:
3219:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3050:
3043:
3040:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2955:
2948:
2945:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2877:
2870:
2867:
2851:
2844:
2841:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2799:
2792:
2789:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2730:Glottolog 3.0
2726:
2719:
2716:
2700:
2693:
2690:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:Glottolog 3.0
2403:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2348:9783110255133
2344:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:Duplicate of
2262:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:Nisu language
2205:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2174:duplicate of
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2160:duplicate of
2159:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2001:Duplicate of
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:Duplicate of
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:Undocumented
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1917:Undocumented
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:Duplicate of
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
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2229:Tawang Monpa
1981:Ndonde Hamba
1953:Lumba-Yakkha
1741:Judeo-Berber
1426:
1425:
1420:
1411:
1400:Retired 2024
1348:Retired 2023
1318:Retired 2022
1305:Retired 2021
1230:Tayabas Ayta
1218:Retired 2020
1206:Mina (India)
1181:Retired 2019
1151:Retired 2018
1109:Retired 2017
1104:
1051:
1036:(Dravidian)
966:Retired 2016
902:
892:
856:Retired 2015
809:Retired 2014
790:Retired 2013
755:Retired 2012
727:Retired 2011
708:Retired 2010
677:Retired 2009
578:Retired 2008
557:â unattested
547:Retired 2007
433:
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327:
292:
218:
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185:
179:
118:
109:Ok languages
80:
74:
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41:
40:
38:
29:
3010:13 February
2271:Tingui-Boto
2176:Lushootseed
2162:Lushootseed
2110:Puimei Naga
2054:Phangduwali
2032:Old Turkish
1987:Dialect of
1885:Lambichhong
1576:Split from
1558:Baga Sobané
1545:Baga Kaloum
629:Upper Baram
101:Ruhlen 1987
95:Upper Kaeme
89:Upper Digul
3880:8 February
3855:8 February
3830:8 February
3805:8 February
3780:8 February
3729:4 February
3704:4 February
3665:5 February
3640:5 February
3615:5 February
3590:5 February
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3540:5 February
3515:5 February
3490:5 February
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3415:5 February
3390:5 February
3365:25 January
3340:25 January
3314:15 January
3032:26 January
2380:Ethnologue
2265:Dai Zhuang
1858:Kuku-Mangk
1720:Ibviosakan
1707:Tenetehara
1412:Ethnologue
956:ÇKxÊŒaoÇÊŒae
881:Mauritania
598:Land Dayak
510:â same as
500:Nchinchege
434:Ethnologue
347:Ethnologue
328:Ethnologue
293:Ethnologue
219:Ethnologue
202:Ethnologue
194:Ethnologue
180:Ethnologue
138:Mauritania
77:New Guinea
3289:6 January
3263:6 January
3237:6 January
3211:6 January
3186:6 January
3160:6 January
3134:6 January
3108:6 January
3083:6 January
3058:6 January
2988:6 January
2963:6 January
2937:6 January
2885:6 January
2859:6 January
2833:6 January
2807:6 January
2781:6 January
2755:6 January
2708:6 January
2168:Snohomish
2094:PotiguĂĄra
1801:Kisankasa
1794:Rajbanshi
1699:Guajajara
1512:Khandeshi
1488:Okpamheri
1448:ISO 639-3
1428:Glottolog
1421:Glottolog
1360:Tupinamba
1244:Barbacoas
987:Chipiajes
815:Gugu Mini
804:â generic
773:Elpaputih
696:Europanto
638:Uma' Lung
626:Kenyah ,
512:Tanjijili
394:Lophuchai
261:(Brazil)
239:(Brazil)
188:ISO 639-3
46:languages
3917:Category
2725:"Miarra"
2402:"Tapeba"
2279:DzubukuĂĄ
2237:Dakpakha
2103:Old Tupi
1774:KatukĂna
1722:dialect
1514:dialect
1451:Details
1366:KaripĂșna
1040:XipinĂĄwa
960:JuÇÊŒhoan
933:Kakauhua
877:Imraguen
796:Malakhel
768:Pongyong
743:(India)
735:(China)
715:Chemakum
698:â a jest
585:Amikoana
469:Balamula
466:, incl.
388:Lofuchai
376:Pingfang
252:Nereyama
236:Marajona
209:below.)
171:Cameroon
148:Ethiopia
144:Rer Bare
3755:12 July
2911:12 July
2450:13 July
2428:13 July
2363:Korowai
2286:Welaung
2257:Thu Lao
2087:WaimajĂŁ
2079:PokangĂĄ
1975:Mundari
1911:Laopang
1842:Kuanhua
1826:Kpatili
1713:Ihievbe
1692:A caste
1533:Arakwal
1505:Ahirani
1437:ISO 639
1388:Salchuq
1377:Khoibal
1371:Palikur
1325:Warduji
1258:Chamari
1134:Shinabo
1099:Tamudes
1091:Tomedes
1085:Achagua
1081:Piapoco
1076:Ponares
1062:Cumeral
1015:Parecis
973:Bhatola
779:Wirangu
740:Dhanwar
702:Chumash
670:Kaptiau
623:Mahakam
591:AmikuĂąn
573:Creole
562:Atuence
450:Kalanke
364:Dzorgai
320:Yongkom
315:Zanofil
300:Tyeliri
280:Oganibi
266:NumbiaĂ
244:Nemeyam
86:, Kia,
68:Hongote
2375:Tapeba
2345:
2299:Yarsun
2243:Tetete
2190:Lolopo
2154:Skagit
2144:Rufiji
2068:Pisabo
2043:Ontenu
1925:Loarki
1900:Lang'e
1786:Kayort
1674:Gowlan
1668:Kugama
1660:Gengle
1630:Tolowa
1622:Chetco
1586:Bhalay
1494:Agaria
1456:!Khuai
1382:Khakas
1311:Bikaru
1298:Tapeba
1286:Lumbee
1279:Khalaj
1265:Degaru
1200:Kriang
1173:Mosiro
1166:Mediak
1095:a.k.a.
1069:Omejes
1033:Savara
1010:KabixĂ
1002:Iapama
995:Coxima
949:Yangho
901:Boma (
895:Eborna
822:Maskoy
689:PapavĂŽ
683:Aariya
666:Tarpia
658:Ajuran
652:Garreh
644:Amerax
554:MiarrĂŁ
540:Wamsak
475:Mataru
463:Dewara
457:Lewada
425:Wutana
412:Hsifan
400:Wagsod
382:Thochu
370:Kortse
337:Bibasa
308:Wagumi
283:(PNG)
258:NereyĂł
247:(PNG)
231:(PNG)
158:Brazil
154:Tapeba
134:Nemadi
128:Uganda
124:Oropom
3874:(PDF)
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1967:Munda
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1598:Bubia
1519:Anasi
1469:Adabe
1394:Parsi
1292:Palpa
1251:Cauca
1211:Meena
1195:Khlor
1142:Pu Ko
980:Cagua
916:Songa
910:Bemba
903:Eboma
888:Borna
850:Romam
846:Lamam
748:Mahei
617:Kayan
611:Bahau
570:AmapĂĄ
533:Rungi
507:Nkwak
493:MutĂșs
487:Wila'
228:Itaem
3882:2023
3857:2023
3832:2023
3807:2023
3782:2023
3757:2023
3731:2022
3706:2022
3667:2020
3642:2020
3617:2020
3592:2020
3567:2020
3542:2020
3517:2020
3492:2020
3467:2020
3442:2020
3417:2020
3392:2020
3367:2019
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3265:2019
3239:2019
3213:2019
3188:2019
3162:2019
3136:2019
3110:2019
3085:2019
3060:2019
3034:2019
3012:2023
2990:2019
2965:2019
2939:2019
2913:2023
2887:2019
2861:2019
2835:2019
2809:2019
2783:2019
2757:2019
2710:2019
2684:2012
2662:2012
2640:2012
2618:2012
2596:2012
2574:2012
2552:2012
2530:2012
2508:2012
2486:2012
2452:2015
2430:2015
2343:ISBN
2020:Odut
2003:Nung
1939:Lopi
1879:Nung
1851:Khmu
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1812:Kofa
1753:Kang
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