225:
121:
2708:
31:
2696:
159:. A range of large corporations have recently realised the power of the Pink Pound and have begun to directly market their products towards the gay community through advertising in the gay press. In June 2006 a specialized marketing conference called the Pink Pound Conference was held in London and a similar conference was held in November 2006 by the Market Research Society.
301:
Since around 2005, Bob Witeck's
Washington, D.C.-based communications firm Witeck Communications has conducted an annual buying power study of U.S. gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender adults. In 2016, Witeck's analysis determined that the combined buying power of American LGBT adults was $ 917
107:
individuals feel like part of a community which values them. Indeed, upwards of 90% of gay people support businesses which target pink money, while actively boycotting anti-gay companies. However, criticism has been leveled at businesses which target pink money from gay groups, arguing that this
2596:
2639:
2644:
139:
The Pink Pound is often considered to be responsible for the high sales of specific products seen to be favored by a large number of gay people, most noticeably music sales of records by
2162:
1923:
896:
2313:
1934:
528:
2020:
468:
2654:
1664:
2669:
2539:
2383:
1893:
1940:
2649:
2213:
1883:
1766:
302:
billion in 2015, a 3.7% increase from the previous year. This figure approached the combined buying power of other
American minority groups, such as
2581:
2358:
255:
549:
2426:
2404:
1741:
232:
Some US industries have tried to focus on these markets with specific advertising campaigns; for example, American
Airlines saw its earnings from
112:. In recent years, the pursuit of pink money has come under scrutiny in some circles, questioning the sincerity of their support for LGBT causes.
2092:
1980:
1863:
494:
2529:
2493:
2199:
2629:
2108:
2664:
2353:
2059:
2045:
1814:
938:
469:"LGBT buying power equals $ 790 billion | Breaking News | Wisconsin Gazette - Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) News"
2328:
2318:
2189:
2128:
1877:
1640:
1480:
266:
alone, "a total that puts them among the top tier of
Democratic givers, along with unions, trial lawyers". Major candidates such as
2241:
1599:
431:
565:
236:
people rise from $ 20 million in 1994 to $ 193.5 million in 1999, after formation of a team devoted to gay and lesbian marketing.
2177:
2145:
2123:
1824:
1425:
658:
259:
258:. However, more recently pink money has become politically acceptable, especially as a major source of liberal funding for the
2576:
2554:
2508:
2481:
2323:
1835:
1809:
933:
832:
640:
592:
2749:
2549:
2308:
2208:
1804:
1693:
958:
889:
2348:
2246:
2172:
1988:
1819:
1689:
1669:
768:
472:
263:
2616:
2586:
2412:
2333:
2005:
1654:
1539:
763:
2363:
2303:
2194:
2072:
906:
874:
839:
1903:
1659:
2739:
2734:
2503:
1771:
1339:
928:
2184:
2113:
1853:
1751:
1650:
884:
2486:
2338:
1970:
1950:
1736:
1054:
570:
57:, pink money has gone from being a fringe or marginalized market to a thriving industry in many parts of the
2744:
1684:
1044:
625:
2464:
2373:
2087:
1871:
1782:
1609:
1524:
991:
693:
369:
248:
224:
213:
or "Dorothy dollar" in the United States, estimates of the US LGBT market put its value at approximately
2203:
2140:
2082:
2067:
2000:
1746:
1504:
1500:
1202:
943:
901:
805:
144:
2534:
1965:
1913:
1614:
1485:
1284:
1182:
827:
175:
95:
of pink money has been seen as a positive force for the gay community, creating a kind of "financial
54:
2469:
2077:
1574:
1089:
795:
585:
498:
391:"The LGBTQ+ Community Has $ 3.7 Trillion In Purchasing Power; Here's How We Want You to Sell to Us"
190:
120:
96:
50:
217:
790 billion in the year 2012. In addition, many of these households are known by demographers as "
2569:
2454:
2368:
2291:
2266:
2251:
2231:
2150:
1490:
1372:
1309:
1069:
790:
688:
323:
307:
1059:
423:
417:
2659:
2459:
2439:
2256:
2167:
2155:
1994:
1928:
1918:
1594:
1584:
1579:
1450:
1197:
427:
447:
2476:
2444:
2434:
1632:
1559:
1465:
1136:
1101:
1094:
879:
700:
678:
673:
668:
181:
A large market of goods and services for gay people has appeared in recent years, including
88:
In 2019, LGBT adults globally held a combined buying power of approximately $ 3.7 trillion.
42:
2624:
2449:
2378:
2223:
1908:
1761:
1544:
1495:
1413:
1363:
1150:
1131:
1126:
1079:
859:
736:
513:
345:
311:
283:
251:
197:. In 2001 several gay companies produced pink stickers and stuck them onto thousands of
2712:
2261:
2236:
1945:
1799:
1756:
1564:
1084:
1034:
1016:
810:
683:
663:
578:
303:
92:
82:
66:
46:
228:
The LGBT Pride float representing
Polaroid for the Stonewall 50 - WorldPride NYC event
2728:
2601:
2015:
1888:
1728:
1716:
1674:
1604:
1569:
1460:
1418:
1390:
1294:
1177:
1074:
1064:
1049:
1011:
983:
869:
741:
715:
705:
374:
163:
152:
133:
62:
58:
30:
2700:
2591:
2559:
2498:
2343:
2010:
1529:
1470:
1403:
1271:
1039:
973:
968:
953:
921:
849:
710:
329:
279:
275:
267:
244:
1299:
1217:
963:
2634:
2606:
2118:
1848:
1843:
1589:
1385:
1319:
1304:
1234:
1229:
1212:
1167:
948:
916:
911:
844:
783:
613:
609:
334:
287:
182:
2564:
2135:
1960:
1625:
1534:
1435:
1408:
1380:
1344:
1329:
1261:
1026:
864:
820:
800:
758:
390:
291:
198:
109:
74:
1324:
132:
in the United
Kingdom, the British gay market is estimated to be worth up to
2524:
1898:
1776:
1549:
1224:
1172:
1162:
815:
645:
295:
214:
186:
148:
124:
LGBT-pride symbols on a double decker bus and a police officer in London, UK
70:
243:, pink money has been viewed as controversial, mainly due to pressure from
17:
2544:
1619:
1239:
854:
240:
194:
171:
167:
140:
1455:
1445:
1314:
1187:
996:
778:
605:
601:
529:"'Pink Money' Flowing to Democrats; Gay Contributions Now Major Source"
271:
104:
78:
108:
segregates the gay and lesbian community from society, and holds back
69:. Many businesses now specifically cater to gay customers, including
1955:
1679:
1554:
1430:
1349:
1207:
1006:
1001:
339:
1475:
1289:
1279:
1256:
1251:
1246:
621:
617:
223:
218:
119:
29:
1645:
1334:
233:
156:
2400:
2289:
2041:
1714:
1122:
732:
636:
574:
550:
LGBT Purchasing Power Near $ 1 Trillion Rivals Other
Minorities
1440:
1192:
189:
including radio and television, and domestic services such as
178:—paralleling the more general criticisms of pink money.
100:
254:
publicly disassociated himself from pink money during the
166:, conformity, and commercialism of the pink pound include
419:
Voices of France: Social, Political and
Cultural Identity
247:
groups promoting traditional values—for instance,
221:"—which generally have more disposable income.
27:
Term referring to the purchasing power of LGBT people
422:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p.
2615:
2517:
2425:
2222:
2101:
2058:
1979:
1862:
1833:
1792:
1727:
1517:
1371:
1362:
1270:
1149:
1025:
982:
81:; the demand for these services stems from common
326:, a similar concept in African-American community
262:—in 2000, contributing $ 5 million to the
34:An LGBT-friendly shop in Amsterdam, Netherlands
2597:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
2021:2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States
586:
566:Market Research Society Pink Pound Conference
8:
1665:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
162:Groups and organizations concerned with the
2384:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
1894:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
512:"Gays come out for Gore - as lesser evil".
298:have actively campaigned for the gay vote.
2650:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
2422:
2397:
2286:
2055:
2038:
1884:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
1724:
1711:
1368:
1155:
1146:
1119:
751:
729:
633:
593:
579:
571:
416:Sheila Perry, Sheila; Máire Cross (1997).
1935:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
1767:History of Christianity and homosexuality
2582:Discrimination against non-binary people
1742:History of gay men in the United States
544:
542:
448:"Business: The Economy: The Pink Pound"
357:
2093:List of LGBT rights articles by region
310:($ 1.3 trillion), and exceeds that of
495:"United Tries for Gay-Friendly Skies"
7:
2670:Unlawfully killed transgender people
2655:Acts of violence against LGBT people
2630:Capital punishment for homosexuality
2109:Capital punishment for homosexuality
363:
361:
342:, a name for LGBT video game players
2665:Violence against transgender people
2060:LGBT rights by country or territory
49:, often especially with respect to
2190:Legal status of transgender people
1641:Legal status of transgender people
25:
1272:Third sex / Third gender
2707:
2706:
2694:
2294:— Medicine, science and sexology
2124:Criminalization of homosexuality
1426:Attraction to transgender people
201:which are still in circulation.
2577:Discrimination against lesbians
2509:Transgender people and religion
2324:Disability and LGBTQ identities
1878:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
1694:Sexual practices between women
497:. BusinessWeek. Archived from
493:Arndt, Michael (24 May 2000).
1:
2645:History of violence in the US
2640:History of violence in the UK
2119:Civil unions and partnerships
1989:Timeline of same-sex marriage
1690:Women who have sex with women
1670:Social construction of gender
370:"Now meet the real gay mafia"
264:Democratic National Committee
256:1988 US presidential election
2617:Violence against LGBT people
2518:Prejudice and discrimination
2334:Homosexuality and psychology
2006:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
1941:Florida orange juice boycott
1655:Sexual practices between men
1540:Erotic target location error
552:, Bloomberg (July 20, 2016).
389:Wolny, Nick (10 June 2019).
368:Morris, Chris (1999-02-12).
2379:Sexual orientation identity
2304:Autism and LGBTQ identities
2195:Transgender rights movement
1560:Gender and sexual diversity
929:Queerplatonic relationships
527:Marcus, Ruth (2000-08-18).
85:by traditional businesses.
2766:
2555:Grooming conspiracy theory
2504:Homosexuality and religion
1772:History of same-sex unions
2688:
2421:
2396:
2299:
2285:
2114:Censorship of LGBT issues
2054:
2037:
1854:First homosexual movement
1723:
1710:
1651:Men who have sex with men
1399:
1158:
1145:
1118:
754:
750:
728:
654:
632:
2487:Suicide among LGBT youth
2339:Homosexuality in the DSM
1971:Bar Abanicos police raid
1951:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
1924:Festival of Light action
1904:Compton's Cafeteria riot
1737:History of homosexuality
1198:Non-binary / genderqueer
1055:Gay flag of South Africa
659:LGBT topics in education
53:. With the rise of the
2494:Monuments and memorials
2482:Suicides of LGBT people
2214:Commonwealth of Nations
2046:Rights and legal issues
1685:Transgender health care
2465:LGBT rights opposition
2374:Split attraction model
1872:Dance of the Forty-One
1783:Category:LGBTQ history
1752:LGBTQ history timeline
1660:Sex–gender distinction
1610:Human female sexuality
944:Same-sex relationships
450:. BBC News. 1998-07-31
249:Presidential Candidate
229:
125:
35:
2750:LGBTQ and the economy
2247:LGBT rights activists
2224:LGBT rights movements
2204:Yogyakarta Principles
2163:Assisted reproduction
2141:Intersex human rights
2001:Russian anti-LGBT law
1747:History of lesbianism
1203:Queer heterosexuality
306:($ 1.2 trillion) and
227:
123:
116:In the United Kingdom
33:
2535:Anti-gender movement
1966:Tasty nightclub raid
1914:Gay Liberation Front
1615:Human male sexuality
1486:Romantic orientation
1285:Balkan sworn virgins
1183:Gender nonconformity
205:In the United States
176:Queer Youth Alliance
55:LGBT rights movement
2470:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
1575:Gender essentialism
1373:Sexual orientations
533:The Washington Post
501:on August 16, 2000.
97:self-identification
51:political donations
2570:Liberal homophobia
2427:Societal attitudes
2405:Societal attitudes
2369:Conversion therapy
2292:Sexual orientation
2252:Rainbow capitalism
2242:LGBT rights groups
2151:Same-sex parenting
2102:LGBT rights topics
1815:pre-Columbian Peru
1491:Same gender loving
1137:Sexual diversities
791:Bisexual community
397:. entrepreneur.com
324:Double-duty dollar
308:Hispanic Americans
230:
136:6 billion a year.
126:
36:
2740:LGBTQ and society
2735:LGBTQ terminology
2722:
2721:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2660:Stop Murder Music
2460:Gay panic defense
2440:Heteronormativity
2392:
2391:
2359:Prenatal hormones
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2168:Same-sex marriage
2129:decriminalization
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
1995:Lawrence v. Texas
1929:White Night riots
1919:Handkerchief code
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1595:Gender transition
1585:Gender neutrality
1580:Gender expression
1565:Gender assignment
1513:
1512:
1364:Sexual identities
1358:
1357:
1132:Sexual identities
1127:Gender identities
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
833:Awareness periods
806:Community centers
724:
723:
378:. pp. 22–23.
314:($ 825 billion).
174:Campaign and the
16:(Redirected from
2757:
2710:
2709:
2701:LGBTQ portal
2699:
2698:
2697:
2477:LGBT stereotypes
2445:Heteropatriarchy
2435:Amatonormativity
2423:
2398:
2364:Sexual inversion
2287:
2146:Military service
2056:
2039:
1762:Social movements
1725:
1712:
1466:Non-heterosexual
1369:
1156:
1147:
1120:
1095:Rainbow crossing
934:Religious groups
880:New queer cinema
752:
730:
669:Lesbian feminism
634:
595:
588:
581:
572:
553:
546:
537:
536:
524:
518:
517:
509:
503:
502:
490:
484:
483:
481:
480:
471:. Archived from
465:
459:
458:
456:
455:
444:
438:
437:
413:
407:
406:
404:
402:
386:
380:
379:
365:
260:Democratic Party
43:purchasing power
21:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2695:
2693:
2676:
2625:Corrective rape
2611:
2513:
2450:Homonationalism
2417:
2388:
2295:
2273:
2218:
2209:La Francophonie
2178:List of couples
2136:Hate crime laws
2097:
2050:
2025:
1975:
1909:Stonewall riots
1858:
1829:
1825:Medieval Europe
1788:
1719:
1698:
1509:
1496:Sexual minority
1414:Gray asexuality
1395:
1354:
1266:
1151:Gender identity
1141:
1106:
1021:
978:
746:
720:
650:
641:Academic fields
628:
599:
562:
557:
556:
547:
540:
526:
525:
521:
514:Financial Times
511:
510:
506:
492:
491:
487:
478:
476:
467:
466:
462:
453:
451:
446:
445:
441:
434:
415:
414:
410:
400:
398:
388:
387:
383:
367:
366:
359:
354:
346:Pink capitalism
320:
312:Asian Americans
304:black Americans
284:Hillary Clinton
252:Michael Dukakis
207:
118:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2745:Business terms
2742:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2704:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2237:Gay liberation
2234:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2200:United Nations
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1946:Operation Soap
1943:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Ancient Greece
1807:
1802:
1800:Adelphopoiesis
1796:
1794:
1793:Pre-modern era
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:Heteroflexible
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
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2592:Riddle scale
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2344:Kinsey scale
2319:Demographics
2011:Rainbow wave
1993:
1981:21st century
1933:
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1864:20th century
1836:19th century
1820:Ancient Rome
1781:
1631:
1624:
1590:Gender roles
1530:Detransition
1503: /
1404:Aromanticism
922:Pride parade
850:Gay-friendly
711:Queer theory
548:Jeff Green,
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499:the original
488:
477:. Retrieved
473:the original
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452:. Retrieved
442:
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399:. Retrieved
395:Entrepreneur
394:
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330:Gay friendly
300:
280:Barack Obama
276:John Edwards
268:Bill Clinton
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61:such as the
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2635:Gay bashing
2607:Transphobia
2540:AIDS stigma
2455:Pinkwashing
2329:Environment
2314:Birth order
1849:Section 377
1844:Molly house
1481:Questioning
1305:Femminiello
1235:Trans woman
1230:Transsexual
1213:Transgender
1102:Transgender
1027:Pride flags
917:Pride Month
885:Periodicals
845:Gay village
694:Transgender
674:Linguistics
614:transgender
335:Gay village
288:Howard Dean
211:pink dollar
199:Pound Coins
183:gay wedding
77:, and even
75:restaurants
18:Pink dollar
2729:Categories
2565:Homophobia
2349:Klein Grid
2257:Separatism
1961:Section 28
1899:Sea queens
1626:Androgynos
1600:Healthcare
1535:Effeminacy
1461:Monosexual
1436:Bi-curious
1409:Asexuality
1391:Homosexual
1345:Two-spirit
1330:Mukhannath
1295:Faʻafafine
1262:Xenogender
1080:Non-binary
860:Literature
821:Drag queen
801:Coming out
796:Businesses
701:Psychology
679:Literature
479:2012-04-21
454:2008-02-29
352:References
292:John Kerry
185:services,
130:pink pound
110:gay rights
71:nightclubs
39:Pink money
2550:Gayphobia
2530:Acephobia
2525:Arophobia
2409:Prejudice
2232:Homophile
2185:Socialism
1777:Pederasty
1757:Migration
1550:Ex-ex-gay
1471:Pansexual
1300:Fakaleitī
1225:Trans man
1218:Akava'ine
1173:Cisgender
1163:Androgyny
1085:Pansexual
1035:Aromantic
964:Takatāpui
890:Portrayal
816:Drag king
737:Community
646:Discourse
296:Joe Biden
187:gay press
149:Lady Gaga
141:gay icons
73:, shops,
2713:Category
2545:Biphobia
2413:Violence
2173:Timeline
2156:Adoption
2073:Americas
1834:16th to
1620:Intersex
1525:Acronyms
1386:Bisexual
1340:Travesti
1240:Mak nyah
1065:Intersex
1050:Bisexual
769:Literary
610:bisexual
401:24 March
318:See also
241:politics
195:plumbers
191:builders
172:NUS LGBT
168:OutRage!
143:such as
79:taxicabs
2309:Biology
2267:Lesbian
2088:Oceania
1717:History
1518:Related
1456:Lesbian
1446:Gay men
1381:Asexual
1315:Kathoey
1188:Khanith
1090:Rainbow
1075:Lesbian
1070:Leather
1060:Gay men
1040:Asexual
997:Gaysper
984:Symbols
974:Tourism
969:Theatre
954:Slogans
784:Lesbian
759:Anthems
742:Culture
689:Lesbian
602:Lesbian
272:Al Gore
145:Madonna
105:lesbian
45:of the
2587:Racism
2083:Europe
2068:Africa
1956:ACT UP
1680:Tomboy
1633:Tumtum
1555:Female
1545:Ex-gay
1431:Banjee
1350:Winkte
1208:Theyby
1007:Lambda
1002:Labrys
959:Sports
939:Rodeos
902:People
828:Events
764:Awards
626:topics
430:
340:Gaymer
294:, and
170:, the
1476:Queer
1320:Köçek
1310:Hijra
1290:Bissu
1280:Bakla
1257:Womyn
1252:Womxn
1247:Woman
949:Slang
912:Pride
875:Films
870:Media
865:Music
855:Icons
775:Bars
622:LGBTQ
618:queer
219:DINKY
2078:Asia
1646:Male
1335:Muxe
1325:Māhū
1045:Bear
907:Pets
616:and
428:ISBN
403:2020
234:LGBT
193:and
157:Cher
155:and
103:and
91:The
65:and
2262:Gay
1505:Dee
1501:Tom
1441:Gay
1193:Man
1168:Boi
779:Gay
684:Gay
606:gay
424:172
239:In
101:gay
2731::
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