263:. Oral history accounts suggest Poundmaker went to the fort to speak with the Indian agent, Rae, and reaffirm his loyalty to the Queen after a murder at the nearby Mosquito Reserve; however, the people of Battleford and some of the settlers in the surrounding area, hearing reports of large numbers of Cree and Assiniboine leaving reserves and making their way to Battleford, feared for their safety. On the night of 30 March 1885, the townspeople began to abandon the town and seek shelter in the North-West Mounted Police
422:, having bonuses related to trade and diplomacy. His appearance in the game drew criticism from some members of the Poundmaker Cree Nation, who felt that, by being included in a game based around expansion and conquest, his values and those of the Cree were misrepresented, and criticized the company for not formally approaching community elders, though they also acknowledged his positive portrayal, and hoped his inclusion in the game would help his, at the time ongoing, exoneration by publicizing his figure.
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Captain Nash, forty men; twenty men of the Guards under
Lieutenant Gray and Queen’s Own Rifles Ambulance Corps; Surgeon Lesslie; Sergeant Fere and eight men; Colonel Otter in command; and Colonel Herchmer, Surgeon Strange, Captain Mutton and Lieutenant Sears on the Staff. Hume Cronyn, E. C. Acheson, and Blakely of "K", McLennan and Prior of "T", Farin Wallace and Grierson of "H", Fraser and A. J. Boyd of "F" is attached to No. 1.
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267:. When Poundmaker and his party reached the town, the Indian agent refused to come out of the fort to meet with them. He kept them waiting for two days. Telegrams sent by those barricaded in the fort indicated they believed it was an attack, but Peter Ballantyne exited the fort and, acting as a spy, checked Poundmaker's plans and found his intentions peaceful.
59:
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After six hours of inconclusive skirmishing and suffering casualties, Otter ordered the withdrawal. As his force retreated, Poundmaker, who had not taken part in the fight, coaxed his band's fighters not to pursue the soldiers. Likely, his actions prevented the loss of many lives on both sides as the
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resembled a huge corral with walls covered by the leaves of thick bushes. Usually herds of buffalo were stampeded into this trap. But sometimes buffalo were drawn in by a person such as Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, who according to tradition was gifted by spirit helpers, singing and drumming a special song to
388:
In part he said: "The
Government of Canada recognizes that Chief Poundmaker was not a criminal, but someone who worked tirelessly to ensure the survival of his people, and hold the Crown accountable to its obligations as laid out in Treaty 6. We recognize that the unjust conviction and imprisonment
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Looting of the abandoned buildings of the town took place, but the identity of the looters is disputed. Some reports claimed
Poundmaker's people were responsible, but one observer alleged that most of the looting had already been done by whites. White witness oral history suggests daily looting by
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About 4 P.M. the column starts. Our force is eight scouts; sixty
Mounted Police under Captain Neale; "B" Battery, eighty men under Major Short; "C" School, forty-five men under Lieutenant Wadmore, No. 1 Company, Queen's Own Rifles, under Captain Brown, fifty-five men; Battleford Rifles, under
158:, his band was attacked by Canadian troops and a battle ensued. After the rebellion was suppressed, he surrendered and was convicted of treason and imprisoned. He died of illness soon after his release. In May 2019, Canadian Prime Minister
345:
Everything that is bad has been laid against me this summer, there is nothing of it true ... Had I wanted war, I would not be here now. I should be on the prairie. You did not catch me. I gave myself up. You have got me because I wanted
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active pursuit of the fleeing force would have prolonged the conflict as serious countermeasures would have been put into use to cover the retreat, and the Cree would likely have killed many as the soldiers made their retreat.
241:, had adopted Poundmaker thereby increasing the latter's influence. This move also cemented the ties between the Blackfoot and the Cree, which successfully stopped the struggling over the now very scarce buffalo.
215:. Following the death of his parents, Poundmaker, his brother (Yellow Mud Blanket), and his younger sister, were all raised by their mother's Cree community, led by Chief Wuttunee, later known as the
775:
385:
Prime
Minister Justin Trudeau spoke to members of the Poundmaker Cree Nation and others gathered at Cut Knife Hill, on 23 May 2019 to exonerate Poundmaker and clear his memory.
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354:, Poundmaker's hair was not cut in prison, and he served only seven months. Nonetheless, his stay there devastated his health and led to his death (from a lung
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A few weeks later, after Riel's defeat at
Batoche, Poundmaker and his starving band went to Battleford to make peace with Major-General Middleton.
275:, and that Poundmaker did his best to stop it. Either way, Poundmaker's people left the next day, to establish an encampment at Cut Knife Hill.
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227:. Poundmaker was not opposed to the idea of a treaty, but became critical of the Canadian government's failures to live up to its promises.
286:. Lieutenant R.S. Cassels, attached to the command of the "C" School, a military division of the troops under Otter, stated the following:
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178:, Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, known to English speakers as Chief Poundmaker, gained his name for his special ability to attract
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The shortage of bison left
Poundmaker's people desperately famished, and in 1885, they traveled south to
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and split off to form his own band. In 1881, the band settled on a reserve about 40 km northwest of
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Pîhtokahanapiwiyin, referred to by his anglicised name
Poundmaker, appears as the leader of the Cree in
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151:. His name denotes his special craft at leading buffalo into buffalo pounds (enclosures) for harvest.
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of Chief
Poundmaker had, and continues to have, a profound impact on the Poundmaker Cree Nation."
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660:"Chief Poundmaker, wrongly convicted of treason-felony in 1885, to be exonerated by Trudeau"
439:"Chief Poundmaker, wrongly convicted of treason-felony in 1885, to be exonerated by Trudeau"
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Reminiscences of a Bungle by One of the
Bunglers: And Two Other Northwest Rebellion Diaries
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Trudeau's statement of exoneration is being co-developed with Poundmaker Cree Nation.
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Trudeau's statement of exoneration is being co-developed with Poundmaker Cree Nation.
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686:"Poundmaker Cree Nation not happy with chief's portrayal in Civilization video game"
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On 2 May 1885, a military force of 332 Canadian troops, led by Lieutenant-Colonel
219:. In his adult life, Poundmaker gained prominence during the 1876 negotiations of
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365:, but his remains were exhumed in 1967, and reburied on the Poundmaker Reserve,
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338:. He said to Riel, "You did not catch me, I gave myself up. I wanted peace."
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The Plains Cree: An Ethnographic, Historical, and Comparative Study
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640:(speech transcript). Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. 23 May 2019
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entice a lead buffalo cow to lead her herd into the enclosure.
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Sweet Promises: A Reader on Indian White Relations in Canada
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Stonechild, Blair. "An Indian View of the 1885 Uprising" in
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chief known as a peacemaker and defender of his people, the
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This article is about the Cree headman. For other uses, see
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Indians. Native tradition suggests the looting was done by
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CBC article "Photos of Cree chief surface" (broken link)
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Robert Jefferson, Fifty Years on the Saskatchewan, 127
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and reburial were donated to the Allen Sapp museum in
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776:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
570:. Edmonton: The University of Alberta Press, 150.
615:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online (2000).
638:"Statement of Exoneration for Chief Poundmaker"
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330:bearing his name, Poundmaker was convicted of
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350:Because of the power of his adopted father,
605:Canada, Sessional Papers, 1886, No. 52, 336
341:At his trial, he is reported to have said:
162:exonerated the chief and apologized to the
781:People convicted of treason against Canada
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361:He was buried at Blackfoot Crossing near
334:in 1885 and sentenced to three years in
720:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
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766:Pre-Confederation Saskatchewan people
413:, actor, both lived on this reserve.
409:, Cree leader, and great-grandnephew
7:
583:. Turner-Warwick Publications, 1987.
326:On the basis of a letter written by
323:, Poundmaker surrendered on May 26.
139:– 4 July 1886), also known as
102:4 July 1886 (aged 43–44)
771:Indigenous leaders in Saskatchewan
761:People of the North-West Rebellion
282:, attacked Poundmaker's camp near
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207:medicine man, and a mixed-blood
174:According to Cree tradition, or
751:First Nations history in Canada
713:Pîhtokahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker)
203:; the child of Sikakwayan, an
1:
463:Mandelbaum, David G. (1940).
358:) in 1886, at the age of 44.
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594:Readings in Canadian History
566:Mcleod, R. C. (Ed.) (1983).
533:Readings in Canadian History
503:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
401:continues to this day, near
419:Sid Meier's Civilization VI
336:Stony Mountain Penitentiary
211:woman, the sister of Chief
32:Poundmaker (disambiguation)
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303:Surrender, trial and death
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467:. New York: Aims Pr Inc.
319:'s actions and defeat at
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311:Poundmaker and his wife
195:Poundmaker was born in
63:Chief Poundmaker (1885)
581:Footprints in the Dust
399:Poundmaker Cree Nation
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164:Poundmaker Cree Nation
149:Poundmaker Cree Nation
113:North-West Territories
497:Thompson, Christian.
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93:British North America
507:University of Regina
369:. Pictures from the
280:William Dillon Otter
251:North-West Rebellion
245:North-West Rebellion
156:North-West Rebellion
154:In 1885, during the
557:, J. R. Miller (ed)
255:Battle of Cut Knife
199:, near present-day
579:Light, Douglas W.
513:on 19 October 2017
405:. His grandnephew
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130:Pîhtokahanapiwiyin
105:Blackfoot Crossing
72:Pîhtokahanapiwiyin
18:Pitikwahanapiwiyin
718:Biography at the
662:. CBC. 7 May 2019
474:978-0-404-15626-8
441:. CBC. 7 May 2019
363:Gleichen, Alberta
315:With the news of
217:Red Pheasant Band
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617:"Poundmaker"
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381:Exoneration
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145:Plains Cree
137: 1842
735:Categories
426:References
371:exhumation
356:hemorrhage
328:Louis Riel
317:Louis Riel
261:Battleford
213:Mistawasis
201:Battleford
141:Poundmaker
123:Sikakwayan
85:Battleford
42:Poundmaker
622:8 January
403:Cut Knife
236:Blackfoot
230:In 1873,
191:Biography
352:Crowfoot
346:justice.
232:Crowfoot
221:Treaty 6
143:, was a
115:, Canada
695:6 April
644:4 April
332:treason
321:Batoche
180:buffalo
109:Alberta
76: (
51:headman
517:2 July
471:
393:Legacy
120:Father
666:8 May
445:8 May
83:near
697:2021
668:2019
646:2021
624:2007
519:2018
469:ISBN
447:2019
397:The
253:and
209:Cree
170:Name
99:Died
78:1842
74:1842
69:Born
49:Cree
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