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318:"Plant pest" is defined by CFR Title 7 §340.1 as "Any living stage (including active and dormant forms) of insects, mites, nematodes, slugs, snails, protozoa, or other invertebrate animals, bacteria, fungi, other parasitic plants or reproductive parts thereof; viruses; or any organisms similar to or allied with any of the foregoing; or any infectious agents or substances, which can directly or indirectly injure or cause disease or damage in or to any plants or parts thereof, or any processed, manufactured, or other products of plants." Thus, if
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297:(APHIS) promulgated regulations that presume genetically engineered plants to be "plant pests"—and thus "regulated articles" under the PPA—until APHIS determines otherwise. However, any person may petition APHIS for a determination that a regulated article does not present a plant pest risk and therefore should not be subject to the applicable regulations. APHIS may grant such a petition in whole or in part.
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The Plant
Protection Act provides that the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture may issue regulations "to prevent the introduction of plant pests into the United States or the dissemination of plant pests within the United States." 7 U.S.C. §7711(a). Pursuant to that grant of authority, the
310:(EIS) for "every ... major Federal actio significantly affecting the quality of the human environment." 42 U.S.C. §4332(2)(C). The agency need not complete an EIS if it finds, based on a shorter statement known as an
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techniques do not include introduction of such material and only include manipulation of the genomic material of the plant itself the modified organization may petition for determination of nonregulated status.
434:'They are using a technical loophole so that what are clearly genetically engineered crops and organisms are escaping regulation,' said Michael Hansen, a senior scientist at Consumers Union.
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329:(a) General. Any person may submit to the Administrator, a petition to seek a determination that an article should not be regulated under this part."
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Not regulating plant varieties produced by such genetic editing is considered a loophole by some such as
Michael Hansen, a senior scientist at
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In determining whether to grant nonregulated status to a genetically engineered plant variety, APHIS must comply with the
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Alex
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314:(EA), that the proposed action will not have a significant environmental impact.
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448:"Genetically engineered crops that fly under the US regulatory radar"
419:"Scientists Alter Crops With Techniques Outside Regulators' Scope"
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introduced in 2000. It is currently codified at 7 U.S.C. 7701
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172:on September 29, 1999 (Voice vote)
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399:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
284:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
207:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
525:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
417:Andrew Pollack (January 1, 2015).
232:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
48:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
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501:Text of the Plant Protection Act
375:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00300.x
270:Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974
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16:United States legislation (2000)
308:environmental impact statement
165:House Committee on Agriculture
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89:7 U.S.C.: Agriculture
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132:Legislative history
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157:) on July 20, 1999
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368:(1): 2–12.
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