318:
lifting gave highest average second-year survival in all species. In another study, Mullin (1978) found that outplantings of frozen-stored 3+0 white spruce were consistently successful to the end of July only with the earliest-lifted (25 April) stock. Sutton (1982) also used 3+0 white spruce in outplanting every 2 weeks from the end of June through the growing season in 3 successive years on a variety of sites in northern
Ontario. Despite variation in planting stock, poor storage environments and adverse weather, 4th-year results showed a consistent pattern of reasonable survival and growth rates among trees planted through July, with a rapid decline in performance of trees planted thereafter. Overwinter storage of stock has also been employed. It has the advantage of lifting stock at the end of the growing season when physiological processes are invoking natural dormancy. Time of fall lifting was investigated by Mullin and Parker (1976) along with overwinter storage temperature to determine their effects on the performance of spring-planted 3+0 white spruce. There were 5 lifts, weekly from 19 October through 16 November, after which frozen ground put a stop to lifting. Two storage temperatures were used, −18 °C and −4 °C. Nearly all of the trees stored at −18 °C died. The other stock was planted in shallow furrows in sparsely sodded field of loamy sand on 12 April, 17 May, and 14 June along with fresh-lifted stock on each date. Fresh and stored white spruce gave comparable results in plantings extended into mid-June in the Midhurst area of Ontario.
314:
planting. It also offers possibilities of manipulating the physiological condition of the stock. However, there are problems associated with storage, e.g., mold, cold injury, desiccation, and depletion of food reserves. The rate of deterioration depends very much on the physiological condition of the planting stock at the time of lifting, as well as on the storage environment and duration of storage. In attempts to devise safe schedules for spring-lifting of stock for frozen storage, Mullin (1978) used a base of 0 °C and accumulated daily maximum soil temperatures at 15 cm depth to calculate degree days (DD). He interpreted the evidence to mean that white spruce destined for frozen storage should have accumulated no more than 50 DD before being lifted. With regard to cool-stored, spring-lifted stock, the main ingredients for success are lifting before flushing has begun, prevention of desiccation, maintenance of a constant temperature within 1 or 2 degrees of freezing, minimization of mold by good temperature control and sanitation, avoidance of crushing and other mechanical damage, and avoidance of longer than necessary periods of storage.
296:
were once considered "To outweigh those of spring so certainly" that in the
National Forests of the Lake States almost all planting was done in the fall, but in spite of some success, operational fall plantings in North America have tended to be less successful than operational spring plantings. On certain sites, a major disadvantage of fall planting is that the root systems of outplants have little time in which to become firmly anchored before being subjected to frost heaving. Such plants are also vulnerable to "winter browning", which may occur in the fall soon after planting, especially among stock having high shoot:root ratios. Relationships between dormancy progression and physiological condition, including root-growth capacity, are much less clear in the spruces than in the pines, but certainly there is good evidence that, in the absence of frost heaving, plantings of spruces can be just as successful in fall as in spring.
274:
condition increases with increasing continentality of climate. In many areas, the period of springlike weather is unreliable and often short. As well, the soil moisture advantage claimed for spring planting is also insecurely founded. Soils that are sandy or gravelly, and shallow soils of any texture are highly dependent on current weather due to their limited available water capacities. Nor will a plentiful supply of soil moisture benefit an outplant whose roots are enveloped in anaerobic and/or cold soil, and mortality of trees outplanted into soil colder than about 6 °C may be excessive. Flushing increases the vulnerability of planting stock to both physiological stress (because of increased water requirements and reduced root growth capacity) and mechanical damage, which probably accounts for the commonly asserted superiority of early spring over late spring planting.
322:
the stock was highly resistant to spring frost damage. Natural cold storage for overwintering 3+0 and 2+2 white spruce was also used by Mullin (1966). Unlike
Jorgensen and Stanek's (1962) stock, which was raised 550 km to the south of where it was planted, Mullin's stock was raised in a nursery at about the same latitude as the planting site; the stock experienced inside-bale temperatures down to -15 °C in mid-winter, but still showed first- and second-year survival rates of 85.9% and 65.9%, respectively, compared with 91.4% and 76.2%, respectively, for fresh-lifted stock. However, Mullin's stored stock was much more damaged by spring frost than was fresh-lifted stock and it "showed a reduction in vigour as measured in terms of survival, susceptibility to damage and growth".
412:. Furthermore, the probability that legacy carbon will be released from soil is higher in younger boreal forest. Global greenhouse gas emissions caused by damage to tropical rainforests may have been substantially underestimated until around 2019. Additionally, the effects of afforestation and reforestation will be farther in the future than keeping existing forests intact. It takes much longer − several decades − for the benefits for global warming to manifest to the same carbon sequestration benefits from mature trees in tropical forests and hence from limiting deforestation. Therefore, scientists consider "the protection and recovery of carbon-rich and long-lived ecosystems, especially natural forests" to be "the major climate
871:. The Ek Kadam plant trees and hand them over to the individual at the village, who meets beneficiary criteria like they are financially challenged, physically challenged etc. After handing over the process Sansthan pays them 100 INR per tree for watering and safety from grazing cattle. Hence by this process Ek Kadam sansthan want to ensure 100% survivability of planted trees. Many volunteers are added to this campaign. The trained volunteers help Ek Kadam Sansthan to plant saplings, and managing all processes. Ek Kadam Sansthan not taking any support from government agencies. The management committee is regularised and managed by retired bureaucrats to ensure transparency in funds and performance measures.
340:
5191:
669:
287:
several centimetres long. Trees were lifted with and without root dipping, planted on the day of lifting after their root systems had been exposed for 0, 1, 2, or 3 hours. Whereas 2nd year survival in the control (root exposure = 0) condition varied little among the 6 plantings, with averages of 83.5% +/− 4.7% for root-dipped trees and 77.2 +/− 7.0% for non-dipped, mortality rates among root-exposed stock were very much more variable. For instance, 2nd-year survival among root-dipped trees whose root systems had been exposed for 1 hour varied from 17% to 84%.
693:
42:
183:
257:
and (2) planting when site factors favour tree survival and growth. The 3rd factor a good planting job, and although desirable in all plantings, is probably somewhat less critical in conventional spring plantings than at other times. If, however, a planting program cannot be completed in this way, there are other options: conventional fall planting with fresh-lifted stock; summer planting with fresh-lifted stock; and spring and summer planting with stored spring-lifted or fall-lifted stock.
1062:'s forests have been a heavily depleted mostly due to agriculture, traditional farming and urbanisation in the coastal regions. Various organizations are working on increasing the forest cover in parts of the country. Currently there is less than 0.5% forest cover in South Africa. Wildlands Conservation Trust and Food & Trees for Africa (FTFA) are some of the oldest NGOs working to plant trees throughout South Africa—both established in the early 1990s. Greenpop is a national
237:
5219:
1264:
1014:
1094:
greater than those of machine planting. Hand planting is an attractive option for landowners and conservation organizations planting small acreages; especially if volunteer labor is available. Seedling survival rates will vary based on planters' experience levels. In the U.S., common hand planting tools include dibbles, mattocks, augers, and hoedads that are paired with a hip or shoulder harness style planting bag.
772:
54:
5917:
5259:
1202:
tree products in the absence of sufficient replanting, it was realized that clearance of forest and woodland must be controlled, and forests had to be managed and conserved for the natural resources they provided as demand grew. In
England for example, this is evident from early laws that were passed in 1457 to encourage tree planting. However, despite these laws, persistent destruction of woodlands since the
5177:
305:
has also been successful in a number of research studies with white spruce, e.g., Crossley 1956; Ackerman and
Johnson 1962; Decie 1962 cited by Revel and Coates 1976; Burgar and Lyon 1968; Mullin 1971, 1974; Revel and Coates 1976. Success depends on minimizing stresses to planting stock at all stages from lifting through planting and on planting when site conditions are conducive to survival and growth.
253:. This view, in which spring planting is implicit, was epitomized by Toumey and Korstian (1942): "Almost without exception the most favourable time for ... planting is 2 weeks or more before buds begin their growth". Soil moisture conditions are generally favourable at the time when the growing season is about to begin, while dormant stock is less subject to mechanical injury and physiological shock.
5269:
785:
5247:
1278:
5205:
649:
is slightly lower as a result. Average daily totals of 2,500 are common, with experienced planters planting upwards of 5,000 trees a day. Numbers as high as 7,500 a day have been recorded. Planters typically work 8–11 hours per day with an additional 1 to 2 hours of (usually) unpaid traveling time. Work weeks on planting contracts are usually 3–4 days long, with 1 day off.
5961:
5163:
5401:
5939:
5233:
31:
269:, and ends with the completion of the program. At this time, planting stock is physiologically attuned to the oncoming growing season, and the outplant has the whole of that season in which to establish its root system before it is challenged by any frost heaving. In practice, ideals are seldom attained. That stock is normally
729:(the regulatory body for all things forestry) which must include proposals for the re-establishment of tree cover on the land. Planting contractors will be engaged by the landowner/management company, a contract drawn up and work will typically take place from November to April when most of the transplants are
1102:. Machine planting was used for forest restoration on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula following a large scale Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak in the 1990s. Common tree planting machines include the C&G Tree Planter, Hoedag Tree Planter, Taylor Tree Planter, Reynolds Tree Planter, and Whitfield Tree Planter.
648:
The average
British Columbian planter plants 1,600 trees per day, but it is not uncommon for experienced planters to plant up to 4,000 trees per day while working in the interior. These numbers are higher in central and eastern Canada, where the terrain is generally faster, however the price per tree
573:
in the last week in July, encouraging the public to plant 1 million native trees per year. Growing trees for Timber industries is a long-term project. It may take many years for a tree to mature to an age and size that is appropriate for the Timber to be used by industry. Some trees are many hundreds
321:
Natural refrigerated overwinter storage has been used in root cellars and snow caches. Using natural refrigeration in root cellar storage, Jorgensen and Stanek (1962) kept 3+0 and 2+2 white spruce in dormant condition for 6 months without apparent detriment to performance after outplanting. Moreover,
304:
Conceptually and logistically, the simplest way of extending the conventional planting season is to extend lifting and planting of fresh stock through summer until the planting program has been competed. There is evidence that spruces may be planted successfully throughout the summer. Summer planting
295:
The fall planting season is generally considered to begin when nursery stock has hardened off and soil moisture reserves have been replenished by autumnal rain. It then continues until the planting program has been completed or is terminated by freeze-up or heavy snow. The advantages of fall planting
286:
can be planted throughout the period in question and the need to minimize stresses on the planting stock. Mullin used 3+0 stock from regular shipping beds in a series of 6 weekly plantings beginning with apparently dormant trees on 3 May and ending on 7 June, by which time the new leading shoots were
256:
If the size of the planting program allows, there is little doubt that such scheduling would be advantageous in that it satisfies one, and commonly 2, of the factors essential for success: (1) the use of planting stock that is physiologically capable of responding to a growth environment at planting,
1097:
Machine planting is another common planting method in the United States. Equipment and transportation costs are such that machine planting is generally used for larger acreages where reduced labor cost and high planting productivity are desired. Machine planting is generally restricted to reasonably
1093:
Hand planting is the most widely practiced planting method in the United States. Hand planting is possible on most terrain, in most soil conditions, and around obstacles. Equipment for hand planting is inexpensive, but hand planting is labor-intensive resulting in costs that are generally 20% to 50%
454:
Life expectancy of forests varies throughout the world, influenced by tree species, site conditions, and natural disturbance patterns. In some forests, carbon may be stored for centuries, while in other forests, carbon is released with frequent stand replacing fires. Forests that are harvested prior
1004:
The JNF has been criticized for planting non-native pine trees which are unsuited to the climate, rather than local species such as olive trees. Others say that JNF deserves credit for this decision, and the forests would not have survived otherwise. According to JNF statistics, six out of every 10
621:
are spot checked on a regular basis. Although quality concerns vary across contracts, spot checkers are typically looking for such things as: species appropriate site choice, species appropriate spacing, how tight the saplings are in the ground, how straight the saplings are, and whether or not the
281:
may be planted not only throughout the spring planting period provided that the period of most active shoot elongation is avoided, but virtually throughout the whole growing season, with little loss of performance other than some reduction in increment. Mullin's (1971) study at
Midhurst in southern
217:
To promote the growth of native ecosystems, many environmentalists advocate only indigenous trees be planted. A practical solution is to plant tough, fast-growing native tree species which begin rebuilding the land. Planting non-invasive trees that assist in the natural return of indigenous species
849:
in semi-arid areas, global warming and hence enhancing the beauty and balance of the environment. Trees absorb harmful gases and emit oxygen resulting in an increase in oxygen supply. On average, a single tree emits 260 pounds of oxygen annually. Similarly, a fully-grown tree is sufficient for 18
595:
45,000 tree saplings will be planted on rural roads in
Bangladesh. Legal agreements will ensure that 60% tree wealth created will belong to the poorest families (45 km × 15 = 675 families). Local government and PEP each receive 20% tree wealth. 45 poor rural women & 3 local social workers
1201:
humans assumed a more settled way of life, and with the technological development of agriculture and consequent growth of civilization, more trees would need to be felled and gathered as a source of timber and other forest products and to make way for cultivation of crops. Given the finiteness of
664:
Based on statistics for
British Columbia, the average tree planter: lifts a cumulative weight of over 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb), bends more than 200 times per hour, drives the shovel into the ground more than 200 times per hour and travels over 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) with a heavy load,
317:
Mullin and
Forcier (1976) and Mullin and Reffle (1980) examined the effects of spring-lifting date and planting date on several species, including 3+0 white spruce after frozen storage, with fresh-lifted controls planted on each planting date for comparison. In all plantings, the earliest (2 May)
439:. For this carbon sequestration process to succeed the carbon must not return to the atmosphere from biomass burning or rotting when the trees die. To this end, land allotted to the trees must not be converted to other uses. Alternatively, the wood from them must itself be sequestered, e.g., via
656:
Once inflation is factored in, real tree planter earnings have declined for many years in Canada. This has adversely affected the sector's ability to attract and retain workers. Higher wages and much better working conditions in many other industries, from construction, to oil and gas, and even
629:
and tree prices can vary widely depending on the difficulty of the terrain and on the winning contract's bid price. As a result, there is a saying among planters: "There is no bad land, only bad contracts." 4 months of hard work can yield enough to live on for an entire year, but conditions are
313:
Refrigerated storage of planting stock has been developed largely with the aim of overcoming problems experienced in using flushed planting stock. Storage provides a means of holding stock for use when fresh stock is either unavailable or at a stage of development that renders it unsuitable for
273:
when spring-planted is a widespread fallacy. Active growth is commonly obvious at the time of planting, but in any case the metabolic activity increases in planting stock before the tops give visible expression to this. The difficulty of obtaining, in quantity, spring-lifted stock in dormant
450:
Earth offers enough room to plant an additional 0.9 billion ha of tree canopy cover. Planting and protecting these trees would sequester 205 billion tons of carbon. To put this number into perspective, this is about 20 years of current global carbon emissions (as of 2019) . This level of
913:
used to say that if a person planting a tree heard that the Messiah had arrived, he should finish planting before going to greet him. Due to massive afforestation efforts, this fact echoed in diverse campaigns. Israeli forests are the product of a major afforestation campaign by the
2642:
Warner, Emily; Cook-Patton, Susan C.; Lewis, Owen T.; Brown, Nick; Koricheva, Julia; Eisenhauer, Nico; Ferlian, Olga; Gravel, Dominique; Hall, Jefferson S.; Jactel, Hervé; Mayoral, Carolina; Meredieu, Céline; Messier, Christian; Paquette, Alain; Parker, William C. (2023).
459:. However, only a portion of the carbon removed from logged forests ends up as durable goods and buildings. The remainder ends up as sawmill by-products such as pulp, paper, and pallets. If all new construction globally utilized 90% wood products, largely via adoption of
1236:. The demand for sustainable teak for general construction and shipbuilding purposes intensified with the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century and the Dutch in the 17th century. The teak growing industry thereafter became controlled and monopolized by the
652:
Quite often, tree planting contractors will deduct some of the cost associated with the operation of the contract directly from the tree planter's daily earned wages. These imposed fees typically vary from $ 10 to $ 30 per day, and are referred to as "camp costs".
862:
in the city of Karjat in Maharashtra, India. The trained volunteers then plant saplings, trees in groups on available land. Local government authorities also provide vacant plots, land on highways sides and on the hills for tree plantation. Ek Kadam Sansthan of
1206:
period had by the seventeenth century led to a so-called "timber famine". Because of this shortfall, timber was at a premium and thus became very expensive, which was especially problematic for shipbuilding and naval enterprises. Following an appeal by the
616:
the logging company invests into reforestation and other silvicultural practices. Planting is carried out in accordance to the client's specifications, and planters are expected to learn the quality standards for each contract that they work on. Planted
526:
has another advantage. In such a setting, trees grow more quickly (fixing more carbon) because they can grow year-round. Trees in tropical climates have, on average, larger, brighter, and more abundant leaves than non-tropical climates. A study of the
496:
says: "Secondary forest regrowth and restoration of degraded forests and non-forest ecosystems can play a large role in carbon sequestration (high confidence) with high resilience to disturbances and additional benefits such as enhanced biodiversity."
467:
construction, this could sequester 700 million net tons of carbon per year. This is in addition to the elimination of carbon emissions from the displaced construction material such as steel or concrete, which are carbon-intense to produce.
1162:
Trees have been selectively planted by mankind for thousands of years the world over to provide food, shelter, timber, and other tree products as well as for ornamental and ceremonial purposes. The first woody species planted was probably
565:
set up to run the "National Tree Program" initiated by the Federal Government in 1982. Greening Australia completed the 1 Billion Tree target and has gone on to become one of the major tree-planting organisations in the country.
3166:
2801:. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2369–2410, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.024.
138:, or human activity. Tree planting is carried out in many different parts of the world, and strategies may differ widely across nations and regions and among individual reforestation companies. Tree planting is grounded in
1448:
2760:
1605:
Sinclair, C.; Boyd, R.J. 1973. Survival comparisons of three fall and spring plantings of four coniferous species in northern Idaho. USDA, For. Serv., Intermount. For. Range Exp. Sta., Ogden UT, Res. Pap. INT-139. 20
1225:. This conveyed a successful plea for reafforestation by persuading landowners to plant millions of trees on their private estates to make good the severe shortage of timber and repair the "wooden walls" of England.
2554:
403:
Researchers have found that, in terms of environmental services, it is better to avoid deforestation than to allow for deforestation to subsequently reforest, as the former leads to irreversible effects in terms of
1637:
Crossley, D.I. 1956. The possibility of continuous planting of white spruce throughout the frost-free period. Can. Dep. Northern Affairs National Resour., For. Branch, For. Res. Div., Ottawa ON, Tech. Note 32. 31
2070:
Walker, Xanthe J.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G.; Day, Nicola J.; Ebert, Christopher; Goetz, Scott; Johnstone, Jill F.; Potter, Stefano; Rogers, Brendan M.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Turetsky, Merritt R.;
1152:
empowers central Texans to build stronger communities through planting and caring for trees. Since 1989, TreeFolks has planted over 1.5 million trees in parks, neighborhoods, and natural areas throughout central
1243:
In North America, tree planting on the western prairies was practiced by immigrants from the east during the 19th century. This was to satisfy the demand for wood and other tree products as well as to establish
1221:
371:, meaning they store large amounts of carbon in the form of biomass, encompassing roots, stems, branches, and leaves. Throughout their lifespan, trees continue to sequester carbon, storing atmospheric CO
173:
projects are also motivated by improved biodiversity and reclamation of natural water systems, as well as improved economic and social welfare due to an increased number of jobs in farming and forestry.
1698:
Mullin, R.E.; Forcier, L. 1976. Effect of lifting and planting dates on survival and growth of spring stored nursery stock. Ont. Min, Nat. Resour., For. Res. Branch, Toronto ON, For. Res. Notes 3. 4 p.
1659:
Revel, J.; Coates, H. 1976. Planting white spruce throughout the growing season on high site areas in the Sub-Boreal Forest Region of B.C. B.C. For. Serv., Res. Div., Victoria BC, Rep. E.P.668. 37 p.
194:
The type of tree planted may have great influence on the environmental outcomes. It is often much more profitable to outside interests to plant fast-growing species, such as eucalyptus, casuarina or
3017:
392:
An important consideration in such efforts is that forests can turn from sinks to carbon sources. In 2019 forests took up a third less carbon than they did in the 1990s, due to higher temperatures,
1001:
conducts research that focuses on crops such as dates and grapes grown in the vicinity of Yatir forest. The research is part of a project aimed at introducing new crops into arid and saline zones.
543:. Simon Lewis stated, "Tropical forest trees are absorbing about 18% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere each year from burning fossil fuels, substantially buffering the rate of change."
535:
has shown that tropical forests fix more carbon dioxide pollution than previously realized. The research suggested almost one-fifth of fossil fuel emissions are absorbed by forests across Africa,
4806:
1387:
977:, have shown that the trees function as a trap for carbon in the air. Shade provided by trees planted in the desert also reduces evaporation of the sparse rainfall. Yatir Forest is a part of the
665:
every day of the entire season. The reforestation industry has an average annual injury rate of approximately 22 claims per 100 workers, per year. It is often difficult and sometimes dangerous.
1028:
is the second largest planted forest in the southern hemisphere after the Sabie/Graskop area in South Africa. It is one of the many plantation forests planted since European settlement. The
1707:
Mullin, R.E.; Reffle, R.J. 1980. Effects of dates of lifting and planting on success of frozen spring storage at Swastika Nursery. Ont. Min, Nat. Resour., Toronto ON, Nursery Notes 66. 5 p.
961:
21:13–14). In 2006, the JNF signed a 49-year lease agreement with the State of Israel which gives it control over 30,000 hectares of Negev land for the development of forests. Research on
2256:
3174:
1098:
level terrain with good soil and limited obstacles. While machine planting is most often associated with plantation silviculture in the Southeast and Upper Midwest, it has been used in
596:
will be employed for 3 years to nurture the young saplings, receiving a monthly salary. With only 8% of the desired 25% land under tree coverage, the project will improve environment.
249:
The classical silvicultural literature unanimously advocates spring as the time to plant bareroot stock, with lifting and outplanting taking place while the trees are still apparently
1112:
are non-profit organizations based in the U.S. that plant trees in developing countries to improve land management. Other organizations that plant trees in the United States include:
1668:
Burgar, R.J.; Lyon, N.F. 1968. Survival and growth of stored and unstored white spruce planted through the frost-free period. Ont. Dep. Lands Forests, Toronto ON, Res. Rep. 84. 37 p.
2449:
2278:
Lefebvre, David; Williams, Adrian G.; Kirk, Guy J. D.; Paul; Burgess, J.; Meersmans, Jeroen; Silman, Miles R.; Román-Dañobeytia, Francisco; Farfan, Jhon; Smith, Pete (2021-10-07).
265:
In the context of regeneration silviculture, "spring", "summer", etc. lack precise meaning. Typically, the spring planting season begins as soon as lifting becomes possible in the
4577:
1467:
2749:
478:
sequesters carbon at a much faster rate than a mature forest or a tree plantation. Therefore, the farming of bamboo timber may have significant carbon sequestration potential.
3758:
3306:
3509:
752:
species this will be a minimum of 2500 stems per hectare at year 5 (from planting). Planting at this density has been shown to favour the development of straighter knot-free
2575:
Churkina, Galina; Organschi, Alan; Reyer, Christopher P. O.; Ruff, Andrew; Vinke, Kira; Liu, Zhu; Reck, Barbara K.; Graedel, T. E.; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim (2020-01-27).
2546:
1647:
Ackerman, R.F.; Johnson, H.L. 1962. Continuous planting of white spruce throughout the frost-free period. Can. Dep. For., For. Res. Branch, Ottawa ON, Tech. Note 117. 13 p.
557:
Australian forests have been heavily affected since European colonisation, and some attempts have been made to restore native habitats, both by government and individuals.
6075:
3415:
3042:
2383:
Bastin, Jean-Francois; Finegold, Yelena; Garcia, Claude; Mollicone, Danilo; Rezende, Marcelo; Routh, Devin; Zohner, Constantin M.; Crowther, Thomas W. (July 5, 2019).
2145:
3331:
1810:
Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
608:
is carried out by private reforestation companies. The reforestation companies compete with one another for contracts which are provided by logging companies. The
1005:
saplings planted at a JNF site in Jerusalem do not survive, although the survival rate for planting sites outside Jerusalem is much higher – close to 95 percent.
970:
3792:
1596:
Mullin, R.E. 1968. Comparisons between seedlings and transplants in fall and spring plantings. Ont. Dep. Lands For., Res. Div., Toronto ON, Res. Rep. 85. 40 p.
851:
103:, improving air quality, climate amelioration, conserving water, preserving soil, and supporting wildlife. During the process of photosynthesis, trees take in
228:(FMNR), involves farmers preserving trees (not replanting), and is considered to be a more cost-effective method of reforestation than regular tree planting.
5499:
4616:
1569:
LeBarron, R.K.; Fox, G.; Blythe, R.H. 1938. The effect of season of planting and other factors on early survival of forest plantations. J. For. 36:1211–1215.
3009:
645:, and a shower tent or trailer. Planters are responsible for bringing either a tent or car to sleep in. A camp also contains camp cooks and support staff.
508:, snow-dominated region with a lower-albedo forest canopy. By contrast, tropical reforestation projects lead to a positive change such as the formation of
4285:
3359:
2013:
1194:
in 1368, although the planting of trees on a large scale may have taken place as early as the 13th century in this region to reafforest exploited areas.
3688:
1628:
McClain, K.M. 1979. A review on the possibility of extending the planting season. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Northern For. Res. Unit, Thunder Bay ON. 44 p.
1741:
Jorgensen, E.; Stanek, W.K.L. 1962. "Overwinter storage of coniferous seedlings as a means of preventing late frost damage." For. Chron. 38(2):192–202.
218:
is called "assisted natural regeneration." There are many such species that can be planted, of which about 12 are in widespread use in the US, such as
1953:"Tropical forests have flipped from sponges to sources of carbon dioxide; A closer look at the world's trees reveals a loss of density in the tropics"
998:
444:
3079:
5305:
3133:
1729:
Mullin, R.E.; Parker, J.D. 1976. "Provisional guidelines for fall lifting for frozen overwinter storage of nursery stock." For. Chron. 52(1):22–25.
1085:
The largest planted forest in the Southern Hemisphere is located in the Sabie/Graskop area in South Africa and covers approximately 6,000 km.
569:
There is a strong volunteer movement for conservation in Australia through Landcare and other networks. National Tree Day is organised annually by
6007:
1689:
Mullin, R.E. 1978. "Tests of frozen spring storage for white spruce and red pine planting stock." USDA, For. Serv., Tree Plant. Notes 29(4):26–29.
162:
2248:
122:," depending on whether the area being planted has recently been forested or not. It involves planting seedlings over an area of land where the
6017:
3355:
Professor Alon Tal, The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev.
2472:
1124:
Student run non-profit based in Virginia Beach. Gives citizens the resources to plant trees in their own backyard and other residential areas.
1781:
471:
A meta-analysis found that mixed species plantations would increase carbon storage alongside other benefits of diversifying planted forests.
725:. Under the British system, in order to acquire the necessary permissions to clearcut, the landowner must agree a management plan with the
3200:
2441:
1493:
Sutton, R.F. 1984. Plantation establishment in the boreal forest: glyphosate, hexazinone, and manual weed control. For. Chron. 60:282–287.
3623:
1511:
Stiell, W.M. 1976. White spruce: artificial regeneration in Canada. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Ottawa ON, Inf. Rep. FMR-X-85. 275 p.
5982:
2777:
1545:
Mullin, R.E. 1971. "Some effects of root dipping, root exposure and extended planting dates with white spruce." For. Chron. 47(2):90–93.
1317:
225:
4278:
4236:
1533:
Sutton, R.F. 1969. Form and development of conifer root systems. Commonw. For. Bureau, Oxford, U.K., Tech. Communication No. 7. 131 p.
1186:
The concept of planting multiple trees together on a large scale to replenish material supplies first developed in Europe during the
4510:
4490:
3754:
3222:
1461:
1337:
832:
482:
5964:
5167:
3505:
2812:
1952:
339:
3376:
Sahney S, Benton MJ, Falcon-Lang HJ (2010). "Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica".
2905:
1502:
Toumey, J. W. and Korstian, C.F. 1942. Seeding and planting in the forestry practice. Ed. 3. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
4264:
3532:
3254:
3104:
3600:
3335:
3310:
3053:
4582:
3931:
Stocking Standards and Reforestation Methods for Alaska Proceedings of the Alaska Reforestation Council April 29, 1999 Workshop
3916:
Stocking Standards and Reforestation Methods for Alaska Proceedings of the Alaska Reforestation Council April 29, 1999 Workshop
3901:
Stocking Standards and Reforestation Methods for Alaska Proceedings of the Alaska Reforestation Council April 29, 1999 Workshop
3871:
Stocking Standards and Reforestation Methods for Alaska Proceedings of the Alaska Reforestation Council April 29, 1999 Workshop
3712:
Stocking Standards and Reforestation Methods for Alaska Proceedings of the Alaska Reforestation Council April 29, 1999 Workshop
3667:
Stocking Standards and Reforestation Methods for Alaska Proceedings of the Alaska Reforestation Council April 29, 1999 Workshop
2620:
2249:"Can Aerial Reforestation Help Slow Climate Change? Discovery Project Earth Examines Re-Engineering the Planet's Possibilities"
2171:
3548:
3484:
3284:
4163:
3821:
3448:
1382:
1036:) is commonly used for plantations since a fast-growing cultivar suitable for a wide range of conditions has been developed.
810:
806:
584:
485:(FAO) reported that: "The total carbon stock in forests decreased from 668 gigatonnes in 1990 to 662 gigatonnes in 2020". In
142:
and, if performed properly, can result in the successful regeneration of a deforested area. Reforestation is the commercial
3977:
6060:
4655:
3869:
Peterson, Al; Charton, Jason (December 1999). "Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Planting in South-Central Alaska".
3644:
966:
378:
3575:
5298:
3847:
1821:
Sedjo, R., & Sohngen, B. (2012). Carbon sequestration in forests and soils. Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ., 4(1), 127-144.
493:
5952:
2196:
744:
may take place and the ground is then restocked. Where the production of timber is a management priority, a prescribed
668:
5930:
4465:
4271:
953:
with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the manslayer, and Libnah with its suburbs, and Jattir with its suburbs, and
3952:
2353:
1750:
Mullin, R.E. 1966. "Overwinter storage of baled nursery stock in northern Ontario." Commonw. For. Rev. 45(3):224–230.
795:
633:
Tree planting crews often do not permanently reside in the areas where they work, thus much planting is based out of
3780:
6065:
4979:
4621:
4572:
4257:
580:
4069:
814:
799:
692:
6022:
5947:
5447:
4942:
4762:
4631:
4292:
4025:
3710:
Peterson, Al; Charton, Jason (1999). "Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Planting in South-Central Alaska".
2880:
1327:
1044:
893:
858:
carries out numerous projects to plant trees on a huge scale. The foundation trains volunteer on this subject at
360:
214:
plantations are not comparable to native forest, and such offset projects are frequently objects of controversy.
166:
3357:"NATIONAL REPORT OF ISRAEL, Years 2003–2005, TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION (UNCCD)"
5752:
5652:
5647:
5081:
4767:
4375:
4340:
4046:
1237:
1047:. While some work is carried out by private enterprise, there are also planting days organised for volunteers.
41:
4002:
3356:
3680:
2948:
2794:
2793:
Ometto, J.P., K. Kalaba, G.Z. Anshari, N. Chacón, A. Farrell, S.A. Halim, H. Neufeldt, and R. Sukumar, 2022:
1805:
5987:
5977:
5972:
5925:
5517:
5291:
4910:
4801:
4697:
4692:
1357:
486:
4090:
577:
Many state governments run their own "Million Tree" programs each year to encourage community involvement.
500:
Impacts on temperature are affected by the location of the forest. For example, reforestation in boreal or
182:
6070:
6012:
6002:
5462:
4687:
4682:
4550:
4229:
3733:
3077:
2930:
2835:
1402:
1099:
658:
609:
413:
3125:
1524:
Voss). Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca NY, Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan MI, 68–11645. 500 p.
1190:, and gradually gave rise to forestry plantations. The earliest records of conifer plantations come from
5992:
5195:
5181:
4852:
1307:
1167:
in southeast Europe in 4000BC. There are also many biblical references to tree planting, such as in the
2547:"Building with timber instead of steel could help pull millions of tons of carbon from the atmosphere"
2222:
1831:
Baccini, A.; Walker, W.; Carvalho, L.; Farina, M.; Sulla-Menashe, D.; Houghton, R. A. (October 2017).
1619:
Black Spruce Symp. Proc., Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Sault Ste. Marie ON, Symp. Proc. O-P-4.
850:
human beings in one acre of land in one year stressing the importance of tree plantation for mankind.
622:
saplings have been damaged. These concerns vary from region to region, and from contract to contract.
6032:
6027:
5737:
5071:
4811:
4752:
4722:
4592:
4380:
3385:
2827:
2656:
2588:
2511:
2396:
2291:
2088:
2072:
1966:
1899:
1844:
1372:
1127:
1105:
1040:
915:
889:
332:
46:
2840:
2481:
2197:"Would a Large-scale Reforestation Effort Help Counter the Global Warming Impacts of Deforestation?"
2045:
1121:
637:
or bush camps. Bush camp accommodations usually consist of a mess tent, cook shack, dry goods tent,
455:
to stand replacing events allow for the retention of carbon in manufactured forest products such as
5997:
5529:
5507:
5272:
4643:
4587:
4460:
4428:
1427:
1140:
745:
726:
348:
2694:"Carbon storage and sequestration potential in aboveground biomass of bamboos in North East India"
1677:
Mullin, R.E. 1974. Some planting effects still significant after 20 years. For. Chron. 50:191–193.
5847:
5822:
5223:
4742:
4737:
4567:
4530:
4485:
4438:
4345:
4335:
3440:
3411:
2861:
2612:
2527:
2422:
2120:
1787:
1578:
Rudolf, P.O. 1950. Cold soaking – a short-cut substitute for stratification? J. For. 48(1):31–32.
1322:
1269:
1132:
1109:
1075:
1071:
558:
475:
1039:
Government agencies, environmental organisations and private trusts carry out tree planting for
236:
3196:
5852:
5832:
5467:
5378:
5353:
5262:
5023:
4545:
4525:
4515:
4500:
4405:
4222:
4159:
3620:
3590:
Rabbi David Seidenberg."The Giving Tree: A Way to Honor Our Vision for Israel"; Neohasid, 2006
2853:
2731:
2713:
2674:
2604:
2442:"Restoring forests could capture two-thirds of the carbon humans have added to the atmosphere"
2414:
2325:
2307:
2112:
2104:
2021:
1984:
1933:
1915:
1868:
1860:
1777:
1457:
1397:
1362:
1078:. There is a strong volunteer movement for conservation in South Africa. National Tree Day or
1063:
1048:
910:
405:
147:
3929:
Converse, Chad (1999). "Mechanical Site Preparation and Tree Planting Equipment for Alaska".
3914:
Converse, Chad (1999). "Mechanical Site Preparation and Tree Planting Equipment for Alaska".
3899:
Converse, Chad (1999). "Mechanical Site Preparation and Tree Planting Equipment for Alaska".
1833:"Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss"
845:
Tree Plantation drives combat many environmental issues like deforestation, erosion of soil,
5842:
5782:
5684:
5512:
5409:
5218:
5138:
5123:
4885:
4842:
4789:
4677:
4535:
4520:
4495:
3432:
3393:
2845:
2721:
2705:
2664:
2596:
2519:
2404:
2315:
2299:
2096:
1974:
1923:
1907:
1852:
1769:
1717:
1342:
1263:
1116:
1021:
519:
409:
135:
80:
35:
3167:"President of German States Council of Education Ministers Plants Tree at Kennedy Memorial"
1143:"Plant-A-Tree" program in which a person can donate to plant trees in the National Forests.
5457:
5321:
5148:
5006:
4991:
4847:
4794:
4777:
4480:
4448:
4418:
4370:
4355:
4330:
4073:
4029:
3627:
3579:
3536:
3416:"Climate Change Effects on Vegetation Distribution and Carbon Budget in the United States"
3363:
3258:
3083:
3010:"The Dark Side of Reforestation Programs: Planting 7,000 Trees a Day in Brutal Conditions"
1957:
1176:
846:
763:
terms and an experienced worker will plant around 1600 trees a day under most conditions.
170:
3229:
1888:"Harmonized global maps of above and belowground biomass carbon density in the year 2010"
740:
forestry. Productive tree crops are planted and subsequently clearcut. Some form of soil
3389:
2831:
2660:
2592:
2515:
2400:
2295:
2092:
1970:
1903:
1848:
6080:
5827:
5722:
5614:
5555:
5539:
5427:
5209:
5133:
5128:
5061:
4969:
4957:
4922:
4880:
4828:
4823:
4747:
4665:
4557:
4400:
4390:
3601:"JPost | French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World"
3332:"JPost | French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World"
2909:
2726:
2693:
2320:
2279:
1928:
1887:
1422:
1347:
1067:
1013:
986:
985:, a global network of micrometeorological tower sites used to measure the exchanges of
962:
958:
673:
638:
364:
356:
352:
206:
139:
104:
3529:
3096:
1832:
1720:." Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Sault Ste. Marie ON, Inf. Rep. O-X-344. 129 p.
1051:
use planted forests for their EBEX21 system for greenhouse gas emissions mitigations.
771:
53:
6054:
5892:
5877:
5872:
5757:
5747:
5549:
5442:
5334:
5237:
5103:
5056:
4895:
4867:
4732:
4670:
4609:
4604:
4413:
4365:
2616:
2426:
2124:
1791:
1332:
1212:
1168:
1029:
864:
855:
397:
386:
382:
266:
200:
119:
115:
92:
68:
3444:
2865:
2576:
2531:
2076:
1082:
is organised annually in September, and has gone on to become national Arbor Month.
5837:
5799:
5789:
5742:
5674:
5659:
5604:
5484:
5452:
5437:
5432:
5384:
5368:
5251:
5086:
4782:
4772:
4757:
4727:
4650:
4626:
4540:
4505:
4470:
4385:
4360:
4316:
3640:
3552:
3476:
3280:
2881:"Fifth of world carbon emissions soaked up by extra forest growth, scientists find"
2798:
2146:"Climate emissions from tropical forest damage 'underestimated by a factor of six'"
2009:
1417:
1292:
1283:
1249:
1245:
1164:
1059:
926:
922:
701:
697:
677:
618:
587:) is an excellent example of a community organisation having a sustainable impact.
474:
Although a bamboo forest stores less total carbon than a mature forest of trees, a
283:
155:
111:
3813:
2474:
The Role of Forest Products in the Global Carbon Cycle: From In-Use to End-of-Life
1886:
Spawn, Seth A.; Sullivan, Clare C.; Lark, Tyler J.; Gibbs, Holly K. (2020-04-06).
1763:
489:
as much as 80% of the total carbon is stored in the soils as dead organic matter.
451:
sequestration would represent about 25% of the atmosphere's carbon pool in 2019.
2645:"Young mixed planted forests store more carbon than monocultures—a meta-analysis"
5902:
5694:
5609:
5489:
5422:
5417:
5342:
5118:
5098:
5091:
5051:
5018:
4599:
4350:
1216:
1203:
1187:
1025:
990:
784:
460:
368:
211:
84:
5283:
2709:
2303:
99:. Trees contribute to their environment over long periods of time by providing
5882:
5583:
5390:
5363:
5347:
5113:
5108:
4834:
4455:
3572:
3436:
3423:
2669:
2644:
2600:
2100:
1911:
1587:
Baldwin, H.I. 1938. Planting experiments in the northeast. J. For. 36:758–760.
1407:
1377:
1367:
1259:
1208:
994:
760:
737:
626:
570:
562:
523:
151:
17:
3843:
2717:
2678:
2608:
2311:
2108:
2025:
1919:
1864:
1812:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
1615:
McClain, K.M. 1975. Continuous planting of seedling black spruce. p. 177–194
5862:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5727:
5717:
5534:
5524:
5479:
5474:
5373:
4996:
4974:
4875:
4817:
4717:
4562:
4433:
4299:
4202:
Trees, Prairies, and People: A History of Tree Planting in the Plains States
2849:
2500:"Modeling carbon stores in Oregon and Washington forest products: 1900?1992"
2409:
2384:
1979:
1856:
1716:
Sutton, R.F. 1982. "Plantation establishment in the boreal forest: planting
1412:
1392:
1302:
1297:
1198:
1191:
1180:
1079:
974:
501:
5400:
5246:
2857:
2735:
2418:
2344:
2329:
2116:
2077:"Increasing wildfires threaten historic carbon sink of boreal forest soils"
1988:
1937:
1872:
1277:
3944:
775:
Tree Plantation Drive by Shree Aniruddha Upasana Foundation, Mumbai, India
504:
regions has less impact on climate. This is because it substitutes a high-
95:
and from the lower-cost but slower and less reliable distribution of tree
5857:
5817:
5732:
5669:
5642:
5578:
5573:
5544:
5314:
5076:
5046:
5041:
5001:
4947:
4937:
4857:
4245:
4042:
954:
730:
642:
536:
464:
270:
250:
219:
187:
131:
76:
72:
2978:
30:
5867:
5777:
5709:
5699:
5679:
5664:
5637:
5632:
5594:
5358:
5232:
5066:
4962:
4932:
4927:
4915:
4905:
4890:
4443:
4066:
3052:. Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia. 2006. Archived from
2523:
1352:
1248:
for agriculture, since naturally growing trees were very scarce on the
1172:
982:
749:
741:
718:
440:
436:
420:
400:. The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s.
393:
143:
127:
4189:
Forests and Sea Power: The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy, 1652–1862
4022:
1809:
528:
389:
are therefore important contributions to climate change mitigation.
5887:
5794:
5599:
4900:
4638:
4475:
4423:
4322:
3397:
2014:"Tropical forests losing their ability to absorb carbon, study finds"
1773:
1312:
950:
942:
938:
906:
902:
859:
753:
605:
532:
513:
509:
505:
456:
278:
123:
100:
2499:
4141:
Ortloff W. 1999. "Sustainability issues in Switzerland’s forests."
4115:
Evans J. 2009. "The history of tree planting and planted forests."
3998:
2979:"Poverty Eradication Program PAP- Innovative reforestation project"
2934:
2750:"Does harvesting in Canada's forests contribute to climate change?"
2480:. Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Archived from
2280:"Assessing the carbon capture potential of a reforestation project"
1222:
Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber
1066:
established in 2010 which focusses on tree planting in sustainable
210:), even though the environmental and biodiversity benefits of such
5689:
4952:
2956:
1012:
946:
934:
930:
770:
691:
667:
634:
613:
338:
235:
181:
88:
58:
52:
40:
29:
2498:
Harmon, M. E.; Harmon, J. M.; Ferrell, W. K.; Brooks, D. (1996).
661:, has led to fewer Canadian young people wanting to plant trees.
5897:
5588:
5317:
5011:
4986:
4660:
4086:
2692:
Devi, Angom Sarjubala; Singh, Kshetrimayum Suresh (2021-01-12).
1758:
1756:
1233:
1229:
978:
540:
195:
96:
5287:
4218:
3725:
2172:"Why Keeping Mature Forests Intact Is Key to the Climate Fight"
1447:
Dave Deppner; John Leary; Karin Vermilye; Steve McCrea (2005).
5624:
5565:
3973:
778:
721:. When occurring on previously unforested land it is known as
367:
carbon dioxide from the air, forests function as terrestrial
4119:. Published jointly by FAO and CAB International, pp. 5–22.
1388:
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
4214:
1555:
Kittredge, J (1929). "Forest planting in the Lake States".
1149:
261:
Conventional spring planting with fresh spring-lifted stock
2799:
Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
2378:
2376:
2374:
736:
Planting is part of the rotational nature of much British
3283:. Jewish National Fund, East 69th Street, NY 10021, USA.
3154:
878:
is working with technology-enabled tree plantation work.
49:. In each plastic tube, a hardwood tree has been planted.
3199:. Jewish National Fund, East 69th Street, NY 10021 USA.
87:
purposes. It differs from the transplantation of larger
3255:"Five Widely-Read Bloggers Tour Israel and Plant Trees"
949:: "And unto the children of Aaron the priest they gave
343:
Proportion of carbon stock in forest carbon pools, 2020
4158:. Second Edition, pg. 29. Research Studies Press Ltd.
3506:"KKL-JNF cooperating on afforestation at Yatir forest"
937:(30 square kilometers). It is named after the ancient
6046:
3414:; Neilson, R.; Lenihan, J. M.; Drapek, R. J. (2001).
3097:"2007 Planting Season: More Planters—Less Experience"
2223:"Planting trees is no substitute for natural forests"
965:
is being carried out in Yatir Forest. Studies of the
717:, when it takes place on land that has recently been
2352:(RL31432 ed.). Congressional Research Service.
1228:
In the tropics, there is a long history of planting
146:
industry's answer to the large-scale destruction of
5810:
5708:
5623:
5564:
5498:
5408:
5328:
5034:
4866:
4708:
4399:
4309:
423:lands helps to incorporate carbon from atmospheric
4130:Die pflanzengeographischen Grundlagen des Waldbaus
3755:"Navy Veteran Recalls Service During World War II"
3681:"Forest Landowners Guide to Tree Planting Success"
3103:. Western Silvicultural Contractors' Association.
1520:Sutton, R.F. 1968. Ecology of young white spruce (
867:is involved in many plantation projects including
291:Conventional fall planting with fresh-lifted stock
4117:Planted Forests: Uses, Impacts and Sustainability
1557:U.S.D.A., for. Serv., Washington DC, Agric. Bull.
282:Ontario illustrates both the success with which
165:as they grow, tree planting can be used to help
4191:(Vol. 29). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
3846:. Arkansas Christmas Tree Growers Association.
3757:. Arkansas Democrat Gazette. November 8, 2015.
3665:Lowman, Ben (1999). "Tree Planting Equipment".
2955:. Government of South Australia. Archived from
1232:for timber, dating back to the 15th century in
993:, and energy between terrestrial ecosystem and
713:Planting in Britain is commonly referred to as
3530:Vu du Ciel-documentary by Yann Arthus-Bertrand
3470:
3468:
860:Govidyapeetham (Cattle Conservation Institute)
689:Tree planting is widely practiced in Germany.
612:for the following year is based upon how much
5299:
4230:
3130:Forestry Commission: Economics and Statistics
1489:
1487:
447:, landfill or stored by use in construction.
8:
2757:Canadian Forest Service Science-Policy Notes
1219:, wrote and published his seminal 1664 work
869:one tree my duty to plant trees on the earth
359:. Therefore, they play an important role in
309:Spring and summer planting with stored stock
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2811:Canadell, J.G.; M.R. Raupach (2008-06-13).
2778:"Climate information relevant for Forestry"
1215:for a solution, one member of the Society,
813:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
419:The planting of trees on marginal crop and
186:A eucalyptus plantation in final stages at
5306:
5292:
5284:
4237:
4223:
4215:
4156:Wildlife Conservation in Trees and Forests
3477:"Benefits of planting trees in the desert"
3334:. Fr.jpost.com. 2013-12-17. Archived from
3309:. Fr.jpost.com. 2013-12-17. Archived from
852:Aniruddha's Academy of Disaster Management
4111:
4109:
4107:
3884:Arnold, Jim (1984). "Trees Are My Life".
2839:
2725:
2668:
2408:
2319:
2050:European Commission – European Commission
1978:
1927:
1456:(Second ed.). Trees for the Future.
999:Arava Institute for Environmental Studies
833:Learn how and when to remove this message
445:bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
6076:Habitat management equipment and methods
1685:
1683:
921:The largest planted forest in Israel is
3549:"2000 year old seed grows in the arava"
2385:"The global tree restoration potential"
1765:Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020
1737:
1735:
1541:
1539:
1439:
300:Summer planting with fresh-lifted stock
27:Process of transplanting tree seedlings
2953:SA Urban Forests Million Trees Program
2795:CrossChapter Paper 7: Tropical Forests
2759:. Natural Resources Canada. May 2007.
2649:Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
2359:from the original on November 14, 2022
2247:McDermott, Matthew (August 22, 2008).
1951:Carolyn Gramling (28 September 2017).
1655:
1653:
3691:from the original on 12 February 2021
3037:
3035:
2813:"Managing Forests for Climate Change"
2623:from the original on January 28, 2020
2557:from the original on January 28, 2020
347:Forests are an important part of the
7:
5938:
4204:(Vol. 10). Texas Woman's University.
3287:from the original on 25 October 2011
3203:from the original on 7 February 2009
3136:from the original on October 4, 2012
3008:Brittany Shoot (December 18, 2011).
933:Desert. It covers an area of 30,000
925:, located on the southern slopes of
811:adding citations to reliable sources
158:and complexity of a natural forest.
5960:
5162:
4176:The Making of the English Landscape
3761:from the original on April 18, 2021
3043:"Preventing Tree Planting Injuries"
2577:"Buildings as a global carbon sink"
2452:from the original on March 23, 2020
2259:from the original on March 30, 2010
1318:Farmer-managed natural regeneration
226:farmer-managed natural regeneration
107:and produce the oxygen we breathe.
3824:from the original on 17 March 2023
890:Jewish National Fund#Afforestation
25:
4511:Global Forest Information Service
3551:. Watsonblogs.org. Archived from
3257:. standwithus.com. Archived from
3228:. standwithus.com. Archived from
3020:from the original on June 8, 2021
2545:Toussaint, Kristin (2020-01-27).
1338:Hoedads Reforestation Cooperative
759:Planters are normally paid under
483:Food and Agriculture Organization
326:Role in climate change mitigation
5959:
5937:
5916:
5915:
5399:
5267:
5258:
5257:
5245:
5231:
5217:
5203:
5189:
5175:
5161:
3850:from the original on 16 May 2021
2766:from the original on 2013-07-30.
1276:
1262:
783:
351:because trees and plants absorb
331:This section is an excerpt from
5268:
4093:from the original on 2013-12-04
4049:from the original on 2012-06-09
4005:from the original on 2013-11-22
3980:from the original on 2010-07-07
3955:from the original on 2022-01-28
3795:from the original on 2023-03-17
3736:from the original on 2021-02-15
3647:from the original on 2018-11-09
3512:from the original on 2015-09-06
3487:from the original on 2010-03-15
3197:"Israel Forestry & Ecology"
3173:. July 29, 2009. Archived from
3107:from the original on 2011-05-23
2346:Carbon Sequestration in Forests
1017:Tree planting by a boy in India
333:Carbon sequestration § Forestry
3573:MERC Project M-20-0-18 project
2906:"Greening Australia - History"
2471:J. Chatellier (January 2010).
1450:The Global Cooling Answer Book
1383:Propagation of Christmas trees
45:Tree planting is an aspect of
1:
3933:. Misc. Publication 99-8: 64.
3814:"Heavy Duty Seedling Planter"
3132:. Forestry Commission. 2005.
2440:Tutton, Mark (July 4, 2019).
2201:Union of Concerned Scientists
1179:to commemorate the treaty of
967:Weizmann Institute of Science
874:Ek Kadam Sansthan's campaign
379:Sustainable forest management
3949:R.A. Whitfield Manufacturing
3918:. Misc Publication 99-8: 64.
3903:. Misc Publication 99-8: 65.
3873:(Misc Publication 99-8): 68.
3714:. Misc Publication 99-8: 68.
3669:. Misc Publication 99-8: 74.
3366:; State of Israel, July 2006
969:, in collaboration with the
901:Tree-planting is an ancient
494:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
114:, the activity is known as "
4178:. Hodder and Stoughton Ltd.
941:city within its territory,
625:Tree-planting is typically
163:carbon dioxide from the air
6097:
4622:Growth and yield modelling
4154:Harris E, Harris J. 2003.
3730:Tree Planting from C&G
3603:. Fr.jpost.com. 2013-12-17
3475:Issar, Arie (2009-11-30).
3307:"Planting of Yatir Forest"
3281:"JNF Tree Planting Center"
3126:"Forestry Statistics 2005"
3095:Betts, John (2007-07-30).
3082:November 20, 2008, at the
2931:"2 Million Trees Victoria"
2879:Adam, David (2009-02-18).
2710:10.1038/s41598-020-80887-w
2304:10.1038/s41598-021-99395-6
330:
5911:
5448:Hemispherical photography
5397:
5196:Earth sciences portal
5182:Climate change portal
5157:
4763:Great Green Wall (Africa)
4252:
3791:(2): 114. February 1983.
3535:October 14, 2009, at the
3437:10.1007/s10021-001-0002-7
2670:10.3389/ffgc.2023.1226514
2601:10.1038/s41893-019-0462-4
2101:10.1038/s41586-019-1474-y
1912:10.1038/s41597-020-0444-4
1806:Summary for policy makers
1328:Great Green Wall (Africa)
1045:climate change mitigation
971:Desert Research Institute
894:List of forests in Israel
516:, lowering temperatures.
361:climate change mitigation
6008:Machine and metalworking
5753:Lombard Steam Log Hauler
4768:Great Green Wall (China)
4341:Close to nature forestry
2949:"Growing A Great Future"
1238:Dutch East India Company
6018:Measuring and alignment
4802:Million Tree Initiative
3630:, Carbon Credits System
2850:10.1126/science.1155458
2410:10.1126/science.aax0848
2343:Gorte, Ross W. (2009).
1980:10.1126/science.aam5962
1857:10.1126/science.aam5962
1358:Million Tree Initiative
531:of 70,000 trees across
487:Canada's boreal forests
5224:Environment portal
4656:Sustainable management
4551:Trillion Tree Campaign
4067:"Plant-A-Tree" program
4001:. Plant With Purpose.
3974:"Trees for the Future"
1403:Trillion Tree Campaign
1100:ecological restoration
1018:
776:
748:must be achieved. For
705:
681:
659:information technology
604:Most tree planting in
344:
241:
191:
178:Types of trees planted
154:rarely replicates the
61:
50:
38:
5149:Wood process engineer
4853:Urban forest inequity
4076:, USDA Forest Service
4032:Arbor Day Foundation.
2959:on September 24, 2014
2581:Nature Sustainability
1308:Billion Tree Campaign
1016:
929:, on the edge of the
774:
695:
671:
342:
240:Planting trees in USA
239:
221:Leucaena leucocephala
185:
161:Because trees remove
56:
44:
33:
6061:Forestry occupations
5983:Cutting and abrasive
5965:WikiProject Forestry
4812:Shifting cultivation
4753:Forest fragmentation
4723:Carbon sequestration
4593:Woodland Carbon Code
4558:Forest certification
4466:Even-aged management
4381:Sustainable forestry
3999:"Plant With Purpose"
3235:on November 17, 2006
3059:on February 27, 2013
1373:Plant-for-the-Planet
1128:Arbor Day Foundation
1106:Trees for the Future
945:, as written in the
916:Jewish National Fund
807:improve this section
610:annual allowable cut
514:reflect the sunlight
512:. These clouds then
167:limit climate change
47:habitat conservation
5508:Aerial firefighting
4617:Formally designated
4461:Ecological thinning
4371:Plantation forestry
4279:Research institutes
3976:. Plant-trees.org.
3945:"Equipment Gallery"
3785:Journal of Forestry
3726:"Manufacturer Site"
3685:PennState Extension
3390:2010Geo....38.1079S
3223:"Trees from Israel"
2832:2008Sci...320.1456C
2826:(5882): 1456–1457.
2661:2023FrFGC...626514W
2593:2020NatSu...3..269C
2516:1996ClCh...33..521H
2401:2019Sci...365...76B
2296:2021NatSR..1119907L
2093:2019Natur.572..520W
1971:2017Sci...358..230B
1904:2020NatSD...7..112S
1849:2017Sci...358..230B
1428:Urban reforestation
1141:USDA Forest Service
957:with its suburbs" (
727:Forestry Commission
349:global carbon cycle
6047:https://nursery.id
5848:Hydraulic debarker
5823:Firewood processor
5210:Ecology portal
4743:Forest degradation
4738:Ecosystem services
4346:Community forestry
4174:Hoskins WG. 1967.
4072:2012-07-17 at the
4028:2012-06-19 at the
3886:Progressive Farmer
3844:"History of ACTGA"
3641:"Forestry - Sabie"
3626:2015-05-10 at the
3578:2012-01-11 at the
3362:2011-05-26 at the
3261:on 2 November 2011
2698:Scientific Reports
2524:10.1007/BF00141703
2284:Scientific Reports
2203:. 1 September 2012
1323:Forest restoration
1270:Environment portal
1133:Nature Conservancy
1110:Plant With Purpose
1076:Sub-Saharan Africa
1072:forest restoration
1019:
777:
706:
682:
559:Greening Australia
518:Planting trees in
363:. By removing the
345:
242:
232:Season of planting
192:
148:old-growth forests
67:is the process of
62:
51:
39:
34:A tree planter in
6066:Forest management
6042:
6041:
5853:Log house moulder
5379:Tree planting bar
5354:Groasis Waterboxx
5281:
5280:
5238:Plants portal
5024:green woodworking
4187:Albion RG. 1926.
4087:"Our City Forest"
3384:(12): 1079–1082.
3155:Ek Kadam Sansthan
2152:. 31 October 2019
2087:(7770): 520–523.
2073:Mack, Michelle C.
1965:(6360): 230–234.
1843:(6360): 230–234.
1783:978-92-5-132581-0
1398:Tree planting bar
1363:Multipurpose tree
1064:Social Enterprise
1049:Landcare Research
911:Yohanan ben Zakai
843:
842:
835:
520:tropical climates
476:bamboo plantation
406:biodiversity loss
376:
224:. Alternatively,
57:Tree planting in
16:(Redirected from
6088:
5963:
5962:
5941:
5940:
5919:
5918:
5898:Wood-drying kiln
5833:Forestry mulcher
5783:Washington Winch
5685:Portable sawmill
5500:Fire suppression
5403:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5285:
5271:
5270:
5261:
5260:
5252:Trees portal
5250:
5249:
5236:
5235:
5222:
5221:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5165:
5164:
4886:Forest gardening
4843:Timber recycling
4790:Invasive species
4678:Tree measurement
4239:
4232:
4225:
4216:
4205:
4200:Droze WH. 1977.
4198:
4192:
4185:
4179:
4172:
4166:
4152:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4128:Rubner K. 1925.
4126:
4120:
4113:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4083:
4077:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4039:
4033:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3637:
3631:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3582:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3545:
3539:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3453:
3447:. Archived from
3420:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3398:10.1130/G31182.1
3373:
3367:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3047:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3005:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2933:. Archived from
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2908:. Archived from
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2843:
2817:
2808:
2802:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2754:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2412:
2380:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1982:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1774:10.4060/ca8753en
1760:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1718:season extension
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1466:. Archived from
1455:
1444:
1343:Johnny Appleseed
1286:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1117:American Forests
1022:Kaingaroa Forest
876:One Tree My Duty
838:
831:
827:
824:
818:
787:
779:
746:stocking density
434:
433:
432:
410:soil degradation
372:
81:land reclamation
75:, generally for
36:northern Ontario
21:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6051:
6050:
6043:
6038:
6037:
5907:
5806:
5704:
5653:safety features
5648:safety clothing
5619:
5560:
5494:
5458:Increment borer
5404:
5395:
5333:
5324:
5312:
5282:
5277:
5244:
5230:
5216:
5204:
5202:
5190:
5188:
5176:
5174:
5153:
5030:
5007:spruce-pine-fir
4980:Christmas trees
4862:
4778:Illegal logging
4710:
4704:
4419:Controlled burn
4404:
4395:
4376:Social forestry
4356:Energy forestry
4336:Bamboo forestry
4331:Analog forestry
4305:
4248:
4243:
4213:
4208:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4182:
4173:
4169:
4153:
4149:
4140:
4136:
4127:
4123:
4114:
4105:
4096:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4074:Wayback Machine
4065:
4061:
4052:
4050:
4043:"Plant-it 2020"
4041:
4040:
4036:
4030:Wayback Machine
4021:
4017:
4008:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3958:
3956:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3796:
3781:"Tree in a Row"
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3739:
3737:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3650:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3628:Wayback Machine
3619:
3615:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3580:Wayback Machine
3571:
3567:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3537:Wayback Machine
3528:
3524:
3515:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3490:
3488:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3364:Wayback Machine
3354:
3350:
3341:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3110:
3108:
3101:Current Affairs
3094:
3093:
3089:
3084:Wayback Machine
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3007:
3006:
2993:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2890:
2888:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2841:10.1.1.573.5230
2815:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2504:Climatic Change
2497:
2496:
2492:
2487:on 5 July 2010.
2484:
2477:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2395:(6448): 76–79.
2382:
2381:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2075:(August 2019).
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1958:Sciencenews.org
1950:
1949:
1945:
1892:Scientific Data
1885:
1884:
1880:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1803:
1799:
1784:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1160:
1146:Our City Forest
1091:
1057:
1011:
905:tradition. The
884:
847:desertification
839:
828:
822:
819:
804:
788:
769:
711:
698:tree protectors
687:
674:tree protectors
602:
593:
555:
550:
545:
544:
431:
428:
427:
426:
424:
375:
336:
328:
311:
302:
293:
263:
247:
234:
180:
171:Desert greening
132:damaged by fire
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6094:
6092:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6053:
6052:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5973:Types of tools
5969:
5968:
5967:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5828:Forest railway
5825:
5820:
5814:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5723:Feller buncher
5720:
5714:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5640:
5635:
5629:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5615:Splitting maul
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5542:
5540:Fire retardant
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5504:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5428:Biltmore stick
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5326:
5325:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5288:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5255:
5241:
5227:
5213:
5199:
5185:
5171:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5139:Timber cruiser
5136:
5134:Shingle weaver
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4970:Rail transport
4967:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4911:pulp and paper
4908:
4903:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:Forest farming
4878:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4829:slash-and-char
4826:
4824:slash-and-burn
4821:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4748:Forest dieback
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4391:Urban forestry
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4219:
4212:
4211:External links
4209:
4207:
4206:
4193:
4180:
4167:
4147:
4134:
4121:
4103:
4078:
4059:
4034:
4015:
3990:
3965:
3936:
3921:
3906:
3891:
3876:
3861:
3835:
3818:Google Patents
3805:
3772:
3746:
3717:
3702:
3672:
3657:
3632:
3613:
3592:
3583:
3565:
3540:
3522:
3497:
3464:
3431:(3): 164–185.
3403:
3368:
3348:
3323:
3298:
3272:
3246:
3214:
3188:
3171:Jerusalem Post
3158:
3147:
3117:
3087:
3070:
3031:
2991:
2970:
2940:
2937:on 2013-05-17.
2922:
2897:
2871:
2803:
2786:
2769:
2741:
2684:
2634:
2587:(4): 269–276.
2567:
2537:
2490:
2463:
2432:
2370:
2335:
2270:
2239:
2214:
2188:
2163:
2137:
2062:
2046:"Press corner"
2037:
2012:(2020-03-04).
2001:
1943:
1878:
1823:
1814:
1797:
1782:
1752:
1743:
1731:
1722:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1649:
1640:
1630:
1621:
1608:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1547:
1535:
1526:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1483:
1462:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1423:Urban forestry
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Lists of trees
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1273:
1257:
1254:
1183:(Gen. 21:33).
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1122:Planting Shade
1119:
1090:
1087:
1068:urban greening
1056:
1053:
1010:
1007:
987:carbon dioxide
963:climate change
959:Book of Joshua
899:
898:
883:
880:
841:
840:
791:
789:
782:
768:
765:
710:
707:
686:
683:
641:, freshly dug
639:first aid tent
601:
598:
592:
589:
581:Trees for Life
574:of years old.
561:is a national
554:
551:
549:
546:
429:
373:
365:greenhouse gas
357:photosynthesis
353:carbon dioxide
337:
329:
327:
324:
310:
307:
301:
298:
292:
289:
262:
259:
246:
245:Bareroot stock
243:
233:
230:
207:Pinus caribaea
179:
176:
152:planted forest
140:forest science
105:carbon dioxide
26:
24:
18:Planting trees
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6093:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6071:Reforestation
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6049:
6048:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5914:
5913:
5910:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5893:Whoopie sling
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5878:Chainsaw mill
5876:
5874:
5873:Stump grinder
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5809:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5443:Diameter tape
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5335:afforestation
5331:
5330:Tree planting
5327:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5309:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5274:
5266:
5264:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5160:
5159:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5129:Rubber tapper
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5057:Choker setter
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4896:Manufacturing
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4733:Deforestation
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:Environmental
4707:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4610:reforestation
4608:
4606:
4605:afforestation
4603:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Arboriculture
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:Permaforestry
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4132:. J. Neumann.
4131:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4063:
4060:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4023:"Replanting,"
4019:
4016:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3932:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3880:
3877:
3872:
3865:
3862:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3706:
3703:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3661:
3658:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3602:
3596:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3555:on 2012-02-20
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3454:on 2003-06-20
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3338:on 2012-07-08
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3313:on 2011-01-15
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3231:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3177:on 2013-12-04
3176:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2912:on 2011-02-20
2911:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2635:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2568:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2483:
2476:
2475:
2467:
2464:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2240:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2063:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:Harvey, Fiona
2005:
2002:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1768:. FAO. 2020.
1767:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1559:(1497): 87 p.
1558:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1473:on 2012-04-15
1469:
1465:
1463:1-879857-20-0
1459:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Hoedad (tool)
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1213:Royal Society
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:Old Testament
1166:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:Plant-it 2020
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1089:United States
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1034:Pinus radiata
1031:
1030:Monterey Pine
1027:
1023:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
912:
908:
904:
897:
895:
891:
886:
885:
881:
879:
877:
872:
870:
866:
865:Jaipur, India
861:
857:
856:Mumbai, India
853:
848:
837:
834:
826:
816:
812:
808:
802:
801:
797:
792:This section
790:
786:
781:
780:
773:
766:
764:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
709:Great Britain
708:
703:
699:
694:
690:
684:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
660:
654:
650:
646:
644:
640:
636:
631:
628:
623:
620:
615:
611:
607:
599:
597:
590:
588:
586:
585:Brooklyn Park
582:
578:
575:
572:
567:
564:
560:
552:
547:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
521:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
495:
490:
488:
484:
479:
477:
472:
469:
466:
462:
458:
452:
448:
446:
442:
438:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
401:
399:
398:deforestation
395:
390:
388:
387:reforestation
384:
383:afforestation
380:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
341:
334:
325:
323:
319:
315:
308:
306:
299:
297:
290:
288:
285:
280:
275:
272:
268:
260:
258:
254:
252:
244:
238:
231:
229:
227:
223:
222:
215:
213:
209:
208:
203:
202:
201:Pinus radiata
197:
189:
184:
177:
175:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:afforestation
117:
116:reforestation
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:arboriculture
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:transplanting
66:
65:Tree planting
60:
55:
48:
43:
37:
32:
19:
6044:
5942:
5920:
5838:Hand compass
5790:Steam donkey
5675:Lumber edger
5660:Crosscut saw
5605:Log splitter
5530:Fire flapper
5485:Tree caliper
5453:Inclinometer
5438:Cruising rod
5387:(Tuley tube)
5385:Tree shelter
5381:(dibble bar)
5369:Root trainer
5329:
5243:
5229:
5215:
5201:
5187:
5173:
5166:
5144:Tree planter
5143:
5124:Resin tapper
5104:Truck driver
5099:River driver
4848:Tree hugging
4833:
4816:
4783:timber mafia
4773:High grading
4758:Ghost forest
4728:Clearcutting
4651:Silviculture
4627:Horticulture
4471:Fire ecology
4386:Urban forest
4361:Mycoforestry
4321:
4317:Agroforestry
4298:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4265:Forest areas
4263:
4256:
4201:
4196:
4188:
4183:
4175:
4170:
4155:
4150:
4142:
4137:
4129:
4124:
4116:
4095:. Retrieved
4081:
4062:
4051:. Retrieved
4037:
4018:
4007:. Retrieved
3993:
3982:. Retrieved
3968:
3957:. Retrieved
3948:
3939:
3930:
3924:
3915:
3909:
3900:
3894:
3888:(March): 62.
3885:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3817:
3808:
3797:. Retrieved
3788:
3784:
3775:
3765:February 10,
3763:. Retrieved
3749:
3738:. Retrieved
3729:
3720:
3711:
3705:
3693:. Retrieved
3684:
3675:
3666:
3660:
3649:. Retrieved
3635:
3616:
3605:. Retrieved
3595:
3586:
3568:
3557:. Retrieved
3553:the original
3543:
3525:
3514:. Retrieved
3500:
3489:. Retrieved
3480:
3456:. Retrieved
3449:the original
3428:
3422:
3412:Bachelet, D.
3406:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3351:
3340:. Retrieved
3336:the original
3326:
3315:. Retrieved
3311:the original
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3259:the original
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3230:the original
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3191:
3181:December 13,
3179:. Retrieved
3175:the original
3170:
3161:
3150:
3140:December 13,
3138:. Retrieved
3129:
3120:
3109:. Retrieved
3100:
3090:
3073:
3063:December 13,
3061:. Retrieved
3054:the original
3050:Work Safe BC
3049:
3022:. Retrieved
3013:
2983:. Retrieved
2981:. 2013-02-11
2973:
2963:December 13,
2961:. Retrieved
2957:the original
2952:
2943:
2935:the original
2925:
2914:. Retrieved
2910:the original
2900:
2889:. Retrieved
2885:The Guardian
2884:
2874:
2823:
2819:
2806:
2789:
2772:
2756:
2744:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2652:
2648:
2637:
2625:. Retrieved
2584:
2580:
2570:
2559:. Retrieved
2551:Fast Company
2550:
2540:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2482:the original
2473:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:
2392:
2388:
2361:. Retrieved
2345:
2338:
2290:(1): 19907.
2287:
2283:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2252:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2226:
2217:
2207:28 September
2205:. Retrieved
2200:
2191:
2181:28 September
2179:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2156:28 September
2154:. Retrieved
2150:The Guardian
2149:
2140:
2130:28 September
2128:. Retrieved
2084:
2080:
2065:
2055:28 September
2053:. Retrieved
2049:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2018:The Guardian
2017:
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1962:
1956:
1946:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1817:
1804:IPCC (2022)
1800:
1764:
1746:
1725:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1673:
1664:
1643:
1633:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1550:
1529:
1522:Picea glauca
1521:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1475:. Retrieved
1468:the original
1449:
1442:
1418:Urban forest
1293:Agroforestry
1284:Trees portal
1250:Great Plains
1246:shelterbelts
1242:
1227:
1220:
1196:
1185:
1161:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1060:South Africa
1058:
1055:South Africa
1041:conservation
1038:
1033:
1020:
1003:
927:Mount Hebron
923:Yatir Forest
920:
900:
887:
875:
873:
868:
844:
829:
823:October 2022
820:
805:Please help
793:
758:
735:
723:new planting
722:
714:
712:
702:Black Forest
688:
678:Black Forest
672:Traditional
663:
655:
651:
647:
632:
624:
603:
594:
579:
576:
568:
556:
499:
491:
480:
473:
470:
453:
449:
418:
402:
391:
369:carbon sinks
346:
320:
316:
312:
303:
294:
284:white spruce
276:
264:
255:
248:
220:
216:
205:
199:
193:
160:
156:biodiversity
112:silviculture
109:
64:
63:
6033:Woodworking
5903:Woodchipper
5695:Two-man saw
5610:Marking axe
5591:(shake axe)
5490:Wedge prism
5463:Rangefinder
5423:Angle gauge
5410:Mensuration
5343:Caulk boots
5168:WikiProject
5092:smokejumper
5072:Firefighter
5035:Occupations
5019:Woodworking
4600:Forestation
4531:restoration
4486:informatics
4351:Ecoforestry
4143:New Forests
3854:10 February
3828:10 February
3695:10 February
2627:January 29,
2456:January 23,
1217:John Evelyn
1204:Anglo-Saxon
1188:Middle Ages
1175:planting a
1026:New Zealand
1009:New Zealand
991:water vapor
742:cultivation
524:wet seasons
461:mass timber
377:long-term.
212:monoculture
85:landscaping
6055:Categories
6045:Nursery |
5921:Categories
5743:Helicopter
5584:Brush hook
5418:3D scanner
5391:Tree spade
5364:Pottiputki
5114:Lumberjack
5109:Log scaler
4992:engineered
4943:non-timber
4916:sawmilling
4868:Industries
4835:svedjebruk
4546:transition
4526:protection
4516:old-growth
4501:governance
4456:Dendrology
4406:management
4272:Ministries
4164:0863802060
4145:18: 59–73.
4097:2013-12-12
4053:2012-07-07
4009:2013-12-21
3984:2013-12-21
3959:2022-03-12
3799:2021-02-10
3740:2021-02-09
3651:2018-11-22
3607:2013-12-21
3559:2013-12-21
3516:2015-09-22
3491:2013-12-21
3458:2011-10-29
3424:Ecosystems
3342:2013-12-21
3317:2013-12-21
3291:29 October
3265:29 October
3239:29 October
3207:29 October
3111:2010-11-12
2985:2023-05-28
2916:2011-02-11
2891:2010-05-22
2704:(1): 837.
2561:2020-01-29
2510:(4): 521.
2363:January 9,
2253:TreeHugger
2031:2020-03-05
1898:(1): 112.
1477:2022-03-12
1435:References
1408:Tu Bishvat
1378:Pottiputki
1368:Planet Ark
1209:Navy Board
1171:record of
995:atmosphere
761:piece work
750:coniferous
738:plantation
715:restocking
627:piece work
591:Bangladesh
571:Planet Ark
563:Non profit
548:By country
5953:equipment
5931:equipment
5883:Tree tyer
5863:Log flume
5843:Hand hook
5773:Skid cone
5768:Pike pole
5763:Pickaroon
5748:Log truck
5738:Harvester
5728:Forwarder
5718:Cant hook
5552:(rakehoe)
5535:Fire rake
5525:Driptorch
5480:Relascope
5475:Microtome
5374:Seed trap
5322:equipment
5062:Ecologist
4975:Tree farm
4876:Coppicing
4818:chitemene
4718:Acid rain
4666:allometry
4588:SmartWood
4536:secondary
4521:pathology
4496:inventory
4434:driftwood
4300:Arbor Day
2836:CiteSeerX
2718:2045-2322
2679:2624-893X
2617:213032074
2609:2398-9629
2427:195804232
2312:2045-2322
2176:Yale E360
2125:201124728
2109:1476-4687
2026:0261-3077
1994:6 October
1920:2052-4463
1865:0036-8075
1792:130116768
1413:Tubestock
1393:Tree care
1303:Arboretum
1298:Arbor Day
1199:Neolithic
1192:Nuremberg
1181:Beersheba
1150:TreeFolks
1080:Arbor Day
975:Sde Boker
794:does not
719:harvested
704:, Germany
680:, Germany
643:outhouses
553:Australia
502:subarctic
128:harvested
126:has been
73:seedlings
5988:Forestry
5978:Cleaning
5858:Log pond
5818:Denailer
5733:Go-devil
5670:Head saw
5643:Chainsaw
5579:Broadaxe
5574:Billhook
5545:Helitack
5350:(hoedag)
5315:Forestry
5263:Category
5077:handcrew
5047:Arborist
5042:Forester
5002:mahogany
4948:palm oil
4938:charcoal
4923:Products
4858:Wildfire
4671:breeding
4632:GM trees
4481:dynamics
4293:Journals
4286:Colleges
4246:Forestry
4091:Archived
4070:Archived
4047:Archived
4026:Archived
4003:Archived
3978:Archived
3953:Archived
3848:Archived
3822:Archived
3793:Archived
3759:Archived
3734:Archived
3689:Archived
3645:Archived
3624:Archived
3576:Archived
3533:Archived
3510:Archived
3485:Archived
3445:15526358
3360:Archived
3285:Archived
3201:Archived
3134:Archived
3105:Archived
3080:Archived
3018:Archived
2887:. London
2866:35218793
2858:18556550
2761:Archived
2736:33437001
2621:Archived
2555:Archived
2532:27637103
2450:Archived
2419:31273120
2354:Archived
2330:34620924
2257:Archived
2227:phys.org
2117:31435055
1989:28971966
1938:32249772
1873:28971966
1256:See also
1177:tamarisk
981:project
955:Eshtemoa
907:Talmudic
696:Plastic
537:Amazonia
465:low rise
414:solution
394:droughts
355:through
188:Arimalam
150:, but a
77:forestry
6013:Masonry
6003:Kitchen
5943:Commons
5868:Machete
5778:Skidder
5710:Logging
5700:Whipsaw
5680:Polesaw
5665:Dragsaw
5638:Bucksaw
5633:Bow saw
5595:Hatchet
5556:Pulaski
5359:Mattock
5273:Outline
5087:lookout
5082:hotshot
4963:tanbark
4933:biomass
4928:biochar
4906:plywood
4891:Logging
4795:wilding
4444:log jam
4401:Ecology
3481:Haaretz
3386:Bibcode
3378:Geology
3024:June 8,
3014:AterNet
2828:Bibcode
2820:Science
2727:7803772
2657:Bibcode
2589:Bibcode
2512:Bibcode
2397:Bibcode
2389:Science
2321:8497602
2292:Bibcode
2089:Bibcode
1967:Bibcode
1929:7136222
1900:Bibcode
1845:Bibcode
1837:Science
1353:Mattock
1211:to the
1173:Abraham
1158:History
983:FluxNet
918:(JNF).
815:removed
800:sources
731:dormant
700:in the
685:Germany
676:in the
630:harsh.
441:biochar
437:biomass
421:pasture
279:spruces
271:dormant
267:nursery
251:dormant
198:(e.g.,
144:logging
136:disease
118:", or "
6023:Mining
5993:Garden
5888:Tsakat
5795:Yarder
5758:Peavey
5600:Labrys
5550:McLeod
5348:Hoedad
5119:Ranger
5067:Feller
5052:Bucker
4958:rubber
4901:lumber
4711:topics
4698:volume
4693:height
4639:i-Tree
4476:Forest
4429:coarse
4424:Debris
4323:dehesa
4162:
3621:EBEX21
3443:
2864:
2856:
2838:
2797:. In:
2734:
2724:
2716:
2677:
2615:
2607:
2530:
2425:
2417:
2328:
2318:
2310:
2263:May 9,
2123:
2115:
2107:
2081:Nature
2024:
1987:
1936:
1926:
1918:
1871:
1863:
1790:
1780:
1460:
1313:Ecosia
1153:Texas.
997:. The
951:Hebron
939:Levite
935:dunams
909:rabbi
903:Jewish
882:Israel
635:motels
619:blocks
606:Canada
600:Canada
533:Africa
510:clouds
506:albedo
457:lumber
124:forest
101:oxygen
6081:Trees
6028:Power
5948:tools
5926:tools
5811:Other
5800:swing
5690:Resaw
5513:DC-10
5468:laser
5433:Chain
5318:tools
4953:rayon
4688:girth
4683:crown
4644:urban
4541:stand
4449:slash
4439:large
4310:Types
4258:Index
3452:(PDF)
3441:S2CID
3419:(PDF)
3233:(PDF)
3226:(PDF)
3057:(PDF)
3046:(PDF)
2862:S2CID
2816:(PDF)
2781:(PDF)
2764:(PDF)
2753:(PDF)
2613:S2CID
2528:S2CID
2485:(PDF)
2478:(PDF)
2423:S2CID
2357:(PDF)
2350:(PDF)
2232:2 May
2121:S2CID
1788:S2CID
1471:(PDF)
1454:(PDF)
1165:olive
947:Torah
943:Yatir
931:Negev
888:See:
767:India
614:money
529:girth
522:with
435:into
97:seeds
89:trees
83:, or
71:tree
59:Ghana
5998:Hand
5625:Saws
5589:Froe
5566:Axes
5518:UAVs
5320:and
5012:teak
4997:fuel
4987:Wood
4807:REDD
4661:Tree
4578:PEFC
4563:ATFS
4160:ISBN
3856:2021
3830:2021
3767:2021
3697:2021
3293:2011
3267:2011
3241:2011
3209:2011
3183:2013
3142:2013
3065:2013
3026:2021
2965:2013
2854:PMID
2732:PMID
2714:ISSN
2675:ISSN
2629:2020
2605:ISSN
2458:2020
2415:PMID
2365:2023
2326:PMID
2308:ISSN
2265:2010
2234:2021
2209:2020
2183:2020
2158:2020
2132:2020
2113:PMID
2105:ISSN
2057:2020
2022:ISSN
1996:2017
1985:PMID
1934:PMID
1916:ISSN
1869:PMID
1861:ISSN
1778:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1234:Java
1230:teak
1108:and
1070:and
1043:and
979:NASA
798:any
796:cite
754:logs
541:Asia
539:and
492:The
481:The
408:and
396:and
277:The
196:pine
4583:SFI
4573:FSC
4568:CFS
4506:law
4491:IPM
4403:and
3433:doi
3394:doi
2846:doi
2824:320
2722:PMC
2706:doi
2665:doi
2597:doi
2520:doi
2446:CNN
2405:doi
2393:365
2316:PMC
2300:doi
2097:doi
2085:572
1975:doi
1963:358
1924:PMC
1908:doi
1853:doi
1841:358
1808:in
1770:doi
1197:As
1074:in
1024:in
973:at
854:in
809:by
463:in
416:".
204:or
130:or
110:In
91:in
6057::
4106:^
4089:.
4045:.
3951:.
3947:.
3820:.
3816:.
3789:81
3787:.
3783:.
3732:.
3728:.
3687:.
3683:.
3643:.
3508:.
3483:.
3479:.
3467:^
3439:.
3427:.
3421:.
3392:.
3382:38
3380:.
3169:.
3128:.
3099:.
3048:.
3034:^
3016:.
3012:.
2994:^
2951:.
2883:.
2860:.
2852:.
2844:.
2834:.
2822:.
2818:.
2755:.
2730:.
2720:.
2712:.
2702:11
2700:.
2696:.
2673:.
2663:.
2655:.
2651:.
2647:.
2619:.
2611:.
2603:.
2595:.
2583:.
2579:.
2553:.
2549:.
2526:.
2518:.
2508:33
2506:.
2502:.
2448:.
2444:.
2421:.
2413:.
2403:.
2391:.
2387:.
2373:^
2324:.
2314:.
2306:.
2298:.
2288:11
2286:.
2282:.
2255:.
2251:.
2225:.
2199:.
2174:.
2148:.
2119:.
2111:.
2103:.
2095:.
2083:.
2079:.
2048:.
2020:.
2016:.
1983:.
1973:.
1961:.
1955:.
1932:.
1922:.
1914:.
1906:.
1894:.
1890:.
1867:.
1859:.
1851:.
1839:.
1835:.
1786:.
1776:.
1755:^
1734:^
1682:^
1652:^
1638:p.
1617:in
1606:p.
1538:^
1486:^
1252:.
1240:.
989:,
892:;
756:.
733:.
443:,
425:CO
385:,
381:,
169:.
134:,
79:,
5332:,
5307:e
5300:t
5293:v
4238:e
4231:t
4224:v
4100:.
4056:.
4012:.
3987:.
3962:.
3858:.
3832:.
3802:.
3769:.
3743:.
3699:.
3654:.
3610:.
3562:.
3519:.
3494:.
3461:.
3435::
3429:4
3400:.
3396::
3388::
3345:.
3320:.
3295:.
3269:.
3243:.
3211:.
3185:.
3144:.
3114:.
3067:.
3028:.
2988:.
2967:.
2919:.
2894:.
2868:.
2848::
2830::
2783:.
2738:.
2708::
2681:.
2667::
2659::
2653:6
2631:.
2599::
2591::
2585:3
2564:.
2534:.
2522::
2514::
2460:.
2429:.
2407::
2399::
2367:.
2332:.
2302::
2294::
2267:.
2236:.
2211:.
2185:.
2160:.
2134:.
2099::
2091::
2059:.
2034:.
1998:.
1977::
1969::
1940:.
1910::
1902::
1896:7
1875:.
1855::
1847::
1794:.
1772::
1480:.
1032:(
896:.
836:)
830:(
825:)
821:(
817:.
803:.
583:(
430:2
374:2
335:.
190:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.