538:, perhaps due to a collision that caused a chain of debris to orbit it. The rings were discovered when astronomers observed Chariklo passing in front of the star UCAC4 248-108672 on June 3, 2013 from seven locations in South America. While watching, they saw two dips in the star's apparent brightness just before and after the occultation. Because this event was observed at multiple locations, the conclusion that the dip in brightness was in fact due to rings is unanimously the leading hypothesis. The observations revealed what is likely a 19-kilometer (12-mile)-wide ring system that is about 1,000 times closer than the Moon is to Earth. In addition, astronomers suspect there could be a moon orbiting amidst the ring debris. If these rings are the leftovers of a collision as astronomers suspect, this would give fodder to the idea that moons (such as the Moon) form through collisions of smaller bits of material. Chariklo's rings have not been officially named, but the discoverers have nicknamed them Oiapoque and Chuí, after two rivers near the northern and southern ends of Brazil.
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from the parent body's icy mantle. After forming, the ring would spread laterally, leading to satellite formation from whatever portion of it spreads beyond the centaur's Roche Limit. Satellites could also form directly from the disrupted icy mantle. This formation mechanism predicts that roughly 10% of centaurs will have experienced potentially ring-forming encounters with giant planets.
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45:
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approaching a giant planet at an initial relative velocity of 3−6 km/s with an initial rotational period of 8 hours, a ring mass of 0.1%−10% of the centaur's mass is predicted. Ring formation from an undifferentiated body is less likely. The rings would be composed mostly or entirely of material
273:
of the material it is made of, its density, and the tidal force at its altitude. The tidal force is proportional to the average density inside the radius of the ring, or to the mass of the planet divided by the radius of the ring cubed. It is also inversely proportional to the square of the orbital
564:
in radius, though their evolution does change the radius somewhat. Their changing appearance at different viewing angles can explain the long-term variation in Chiron's brightness over time. Chiron's rings are suspected to be maintained by orbiting material ejected during seasonal outbursts, as a
415:
The system around
Neptune consists of five principal rings that, at their densest, are comparable to the low-density regions of Saturn's rings. However, they are faint and dusty, much more similar in structure to those of Jupiter. The very dark material that makes up the rings is likely organics
747:
was found to be large and unclearly defined when detected in 2008. This was hypothesized to either be due to a cloud of dust attracted from the dust disc of the star, or a possible ring system, though in 2020 Fomalhaut b itself was determined to very likely be an expanding debris cloud from a
455:
period (around 466 million years ago). This ring system may have originated from a large asteroid that passed by Earth at this time and had a significant amount of debris stripped by Earth's gravitational pull, forming a ring system. Evidence for this ring comes from impact craters from the
213:
when it passed within the planet's Roche limit. Most rings were thought to be unstable and to dissipate over the course of tens or hundreds of millions of years, but it now appears that Saturn's rings might be quite old, dating to the early days of the Solar System.
51:
50:
47:
46:
52:
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Smith, Bradford A.; Soderblom, Laurence A.; Johnson, Torrence V.; Ingersoll, Andrew P.; Collins, Stewart A.; Shoemaker, Eugene M.; Hunt, G. E.; Masursky, Harold; Carr, Michael H. (1979-06-01). "The
Jupiter System Through the Eyes of Voyager 1".
49:
792:(90,000,000 km; 56,000,000 mi) in radius. J1407b's transit of V1400 Centauri revealed gaps and density variations within its disk or ring system, which has been interpreted as hints of exomoons or exoplanets forming around J1407b.
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of shepherd moons serves to maintain a sharply defined edge to the ring; material that drifts closer to the shepherd moon's orbit is either deflected back into the body of the ring, ejected from the system, or accreted onto the moon itself.
697:
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Ortiz, J.L.; Duffard, R.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Morales, N.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Licandro, J.; Campo
Bagatin, A.; Thirouin, A. (2015). "Possible ring material around centaur (2060) Chiron".
2795:
Kalas, Paul; Graham, James R; Chiang, Eugene; Fitzgerald, Michael P; Clampin, Mark; Kite, Edwin S; Stapelfeldt, Karl; Marois, Christian; Krist, John (2008). "Optical Images of an
Exosolar Planet 25 Light-Years from Earth".
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appearing to cluster in a distinctive band around the Earth's equator at that time. The presence of this ring may have led to significant shielding of Earth from sun's rays and a severe cooling event, thus causing the
698:
556:, has a constantly evolving disk of rings. Based on stellar-occultation data that were initially interpreted as resulting from jets associated with Chiron's comet-like activity, the rings are proposed to be
684:, approximately 4.6 times the radius of Quaoar and also beyond its Roche limit. The outer ring appears to be inhomogeneous, containing a thin, dense section as well as a broader, more diffuse section.
327:
orbiter in the 1990s. Its four main parts are a faint thick torus known as the "halo"; a thin, relatively bright main ring; and two wide, faint "gossamer rings". The system consists mostly of dust.
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led to a total of 13 distinct rings being identified, most of which are opaque and only a few kilometers wide. They are dark and likely consist of water ice and some radiation-processed
299:, a moon of Mars, will break up and form into a planetary ring in about 50 million years. Its low orbit, with an orbital period that is shorter than a Martian day, is decaying due to
733:
by additional reduction of the light of the central star if their opacity is sufficient. As of 2024, two candidate extrasolar ring systems have been found by this method, around
488:
was inconsistent with the predicted properties of the rings, suggesting that some other mechanism is responsible for the magnetic effects that had led to the ring hypothesis.
349:
did so in 1655. The rings are not a series of tiny ringlets as many think, but are more of a disk with varying density. They consist mostly of water ice and trace amounts of
48:
2230:
Sickafoose, Amanda A.; Levine, Stephen E.; Bosh, Amanda S.; Person, Michael J.; Zuluaga, Carlos A.; Knieling, Bastian; Lewis, Mark C.; Schindler, Karsten (1 November 2023).
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Uranus's ring system lies between the level of complexity of Saturn's vast system and the simpler systems around
Jupiter and Neptune. They were discovered in 1977 by
505:
might have a circumbinary ring system created from dust ejected off of Pluto's small outer moons in impacts. A dust ring would have posed a considerable risk to the
1512:
Showalter, Mark R.; Burns, Joseph A.; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.; Pollack, James B. (1987-03-01). "Jupiter's ring system: New results on structure and particle properties".
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effects from eight moonlets only a few hundred meters across were detected within Saturn's rings. The maximum size of a ring particle is determined by the
217:
Fainter planetary rings can form as a result of meteoroid impacts with moons orbiting around the planet or, in the case of Saturn's E-ring, the ejecta of
1163:
3049:
Kenworthy, M. A.; Klaassen, P. D.; et al. (January 2020). "ALMA and NACO observations towards the young exoring transit system J1407 (V1400 Cen)".
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3585:
3147:
1991:
1018:
821:
2936:
Gratton, R.; et al. (June 2020). "Searching for the near-infrared counterpart of
Proxima c using multi-epoch high-contrast SPHERE data at VLT".
1420:
Ockert-Bell, Maureen E.; Burns, Joseph A.; Daubar, Ingrid J.; Thomas, Peter C.; Veverka, Joseph; Belton, M. J. S.; Klaasen, Kenneth P. (1999-04-01).
729:, within this line rings consisting of rocky material can be stable in the long term. Such ring systems can be detected for planets observed by the
265:
The composition of planetary ring particles varies, ranging from silicates to icy dust. Larger rocks and boulders may also be present, and in 2007
2996:
Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek (2015). "Modeling giant extrasolar ring systems in eclipse and the case of J1407b: sculpting by exomoons?".
1084:
2281:
Ortiz, J. L.; Pereira, C. L.; Sicardy, P. (7 August 2023). "The changing material around (2060) Chiron from an occultation on 2022 December 15".
2118:
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Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Banfield, D.; Barnet, C; Basilevsky, A. T.; Beebe, R. F.; Bollinger, K.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A. (1989-12-15).
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1901:
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4565:
4528:
4523:
2626:
Hilke E. Schlichting, Philip Chang (2011). "Warm
Saturns: On the Nature of Rings around Extrasolar Planets that Reside Inside the Ice Line".
2012:
Tiscareno, Matthew S.; Burns, Joseph A.; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.; Hedman, Matthew M. (2010). "Cassini imaging search rules out rings around Rhea".
676:, approximately 7.5 times the radius of Quaoar and more than double the distance of its Roche limit. The inner ring orbits at a distance of
341:
Saturn's rings are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the Solar System, and thus have been known to exist for quite some time.
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has been observed to be far brighter than expected for its low mass of 7 Earth masses, which may be attributed to a ring system of about 5
1703:
Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, R.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (1986-07-04).
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with these planets. Evidence suggests that ring systems may also be found around other types of astronomical objects, including moons and
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2497:
481:, which would make it the only moon known to have a ring system. A later study published in 2010 revealed that imaging of Rhea by the
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have also been discovered via occultations. Some studies even theorize that the Earth may have had a ring system during the mid-late
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A 2024 study suggests that Earth may have had a ring system for a period of 40 million years, starting from the middle of the
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1183:; Helfenstein, P.; Thomas, P. C.; Ingersoll, A. P.; Wisdom, J.; West, R.; Neukum, G.; Denk, T.; Wagner, R. (10 March 2006).
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There are three ways that thicker planetary rings have been proposed to have formed: from material originating from the
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In 2023, astronomers announced the discovery of a widely separated ring around the dwarf planet and Kuiper belt object
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Akinsanmi, B.; et al. (March 2020). "Can planetary rings explain the extremely low density of HIP 41378 f?".
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Tiscareno, Matthew S. (2013-01-01). "Planetary Rings". In Oswalt, Terry D.; French, Linda M.; Kalas, Paul (eds.).
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and an opacity of 0.5. The ring plane coincides with Haumea's equator and the orbit of its larger, outer moon
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consists mostly of chunks of ice and dust. The small dark spot on Saturn is the shadow from Saturn's moon
225:
3781:
3775:
2738:"A Circumplanetary Dust Ring May Explain the Extreme Spectral Slope of the 10 Myr Young Exoplanet K2-33b"
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third partial ring detected in 2018 had become a full ring by 2022, with an outburst in between in 2021.
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first observed them in 1610, but they were not accurately described as a disk around Saturn until
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1956:
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1609:
1581:
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1402:
1284:
1256:
1243:"Formation of Centaurs' Rings Through Their Partial Tidal Disruption During Planetary Encounters"
1223:
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999:
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773:
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several times the mass of
Jupiter. The circumstellar disk or ring system of J1407b is about 0.6
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1987:
1948:
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60:
57:
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Holsapple, K. A. (December 2001). "Equilibrium
Configurations of Solid Cohesionless Bodies".
599:, was revealed by a stellar occultation observed on 21 January 2017. This makes it the first
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2232:"Material around the Centaur (2060) Chiron from the 2018 November 28 UT Stellar Occultation"
2204:
2140:
2092:
2065:
Steffl, Andrew J.; Stern, S. Alan (2007). "First
Constraints on Rings in the Pluto System".
2039:
1940:
1923:
Jones, G. H.; et al. (2008-03-07). "The Dust Halo of Saturn's Largest Icy Moon, Rhea".
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3105:
Everything a Curious Mind Should Know About Planetary Ring Systems with Dr Mark Showalter
2386:"The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea from a stellar occultation"
209:
that was disrupted by a large impact, or from the debris of a moon that was disrupted by
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Jupiter's ring system was the third to be discovered, when it was first observed by the
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that orbit near the inner or outer edges of a ringlet or within gaps in the rings. The
64:
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2659:
1482:
1422:"The Structure of Jupiter's Ring System as Revealed by the Galileo Imaging Experiment"
1107:"Cassini Dust Measurements at Enceladus and Implications for the Origin of the E Ring"
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2859:"New HST data and modeling reveal a massive planetesimal collision around Fomalhaut"
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Ohno, Kazumasa; Thao, Pa Chia; Mann, Andrew W.; Fortney, Jonathan J. (2022-11-25).
2466:
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665:. Further analysis of the occultation data uncovered a second inner, fainter ring.
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17:
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Both rings display unusual properties. The outer ring orbits at a distance of
452:
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of the planet and thus could not coalesce to form moons, from the debris of a
186:
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3520:
3515:
3216:
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2827:
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Sickafoose, A. A. (2017). "Astronomy: Ring detected around a dwarf planet".
1944:
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if Haumea were spherical (being nonspherical pushes the limit out farther).
417:
394:
377:
319:
258:
100:
96:
2914:
2835:
2542:
2498:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit"
2438:
2353:
1952:
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1809:
1744:
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1421:
1398:
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1219:
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3894:
2266:
2231:
2079:
2043:
1660:
Elliot, J. L.; Dunham, E.; Mink, D. (1977-05-26). "The rings of Uranus".
2422:
1019:"Weird dust ring orbits the sun alongside Mercury and we don't know why"
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3860:
3845:
3499:
3367:
2533:
2430:
875:
811:
288:
104:
2567:
C. L. Pereira; et al. (2023). "The two rings of (50000) Quaoar".
930:"What scientists found after sifting through dust in the solar system"
776:
or massive rings transiting the star. This substellar object, dubbed "
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110:
Ring systems are best known as planetary rings, common components of
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Tomkins, Andrew G.; Martin, Erin L.; Cawood, Peter A. (2024-11-15).
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Thermodynamics and Macrokinetics of Natural Hierarchical Processes
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1586:
960:"Co-orbital Asteroids as the Source of Venus's Zodiacal Dust Ring"
845:
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691:
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43:
3108:
420:, like in the rings of Uranus. 20 to 70 percent of the rings are
4084:
3968:
3833:
2863:
2384:
Ortiz, J. L.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Sicardy, B.; et al. (2017).
266:
3733:
3729:
3567:
3563:
3129:
2462:"Ring discovered around dwarf planet Quaoar confounds theories"
1768:"The Second Ring-Moon System of Uranus: Discovery and Dynamics"
3813:
2145:"A second ringed centaur? Centaurs with rings could be common"
2119:"Surprise! Asteroid Hosts A Two-Ring Circus Above Its Surface"
718:
534:, was the first minor planet discovered to have rings. It has
353:, and the particles range in size from micrometers to meters.
1241:
Hyodo, R.; Charnoz, S.; Genda, H.; Ohtsuki, K. (2016-08-29).
1041:"Evidence suggesting that earth had a ring in the Ordovician"
424:, a relatively high proportion. Hints of the rings were seen
3769:
603:
found to have a ring system. The ring has a radius of about
1705:"Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results"
465:, the coldest known period of the last 450 million years.
509:
spacecraft. However, this possibility was ruled out when
748:
collision of asteroids rather than a planet. Similarly,
623:
with Haumea's rotation, which is located at a radius of
67:(left) orbit just inside and outside, respectively, the
323:
probe in 1979, and was observed more thoroughly by the
5476:
1185:"Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus"
764:
A 56-day-long sequence of dimming events in the star
375:. In the time between then and 2005, observations by
3114:
Physical Chemistry of Evolution of Planetary Systems
1766:
Showalter, Mark R.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2006-02-17).
1461:
Esposito, Larry W. (2002-01-01). "Planetary rings".
5279:
5216:
4966:
4802:
4732:
4443:
4379:
4072:
3934:
3701:
3682:
3649:
3601:
3508:
3457:
3414:
3338:
3270:
3204:
3163:
2857:Gáspár, András; Rieke, George H. (April 20, 2020).
1083:. NASA (News Release 2007-149). December 12, 2007.
473:Reports in March 2008 suggested that Saturn's moon
27:
Ring of cosmic dust orbiting an astronomical object
1913:NASA – Saturn's Moon Rhea Also May Have Rings
232:in a close encounter (within 0.4 to 0.8 times the
75:, but only Prometheus is thought to function as a
30:"Planet ring" redirects here. For other uses, see
713:of the Solar System have rings, the existence of
2991:
2989:
2987:
91:that is composed of solid material such as gas,
3773:
1898:"NASA - Saturn's Moon Rhea Also May Have Rings"
1836:"Voyager 2 at Neptune: Imaging Science Results"
717:with rings is plausible. Although particles of
2562:
2560:
2491:
2489:
513:failed to detect any dust rings around Pluto.
3745:
3579:
3141:
3109:Bridging the Gaps: A Portal for Curious Minds
8:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2171:
2169:
1829:
1827:
1355:
1353:
3122:, p. 217. Nauka, Moscow, 1988 (in Russian).
958:Petr Pokorný; Marc Kuchner (Mar 12, 2019).
725:, can only exist around planets beyond the
4729:
3931:
3927:
3752:
3738:
3730:
3586:
3572:
3564:
3148:
3134:
3126:
1580:. Springer Netherlands. pp. 309–375.
721:, the material that is predominant in the
583:Artist's depiction of Haumea's ring system
3064:
3009:
2951:
2904:
2894:
2876:
2809:
2771:
2753:
2696:
2641:
2578:
2532:
2404:
2292:
2265:
2247:
2190:
2078:
2025:
1791:
1585:
1548:"Historical Background of Saturn's Rings"
1445:
1278:
1260:
1133:
1056:
993:
975:
181:) have ring systems. Ring systems around
146:, such as around the Sun at distances of
5271:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
863:
646:Artist impression of Quaoar and its ring
469:Rings systems of minor planets and moons
5483:
5467:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
4495:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
3100:USGS/IAU Ring and Ring Gap Nomenclature
920:
705:Ring formation around extrasolar planet
635:, which would lie at a radius of about
428:prior to their conclusive discovery by
277:Some planetary rings are influenced by
768:observed in 2007 was interpreted as a
389:. The relative lack of dust is due to
497:, some astronomers hypothesized that
7:
2496:Morgado, B. E.; et al. (2023).
2474:from the original on 8 February 2023
1034:
1032:
1087:from the original on April 15, 2008
1045:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
134:, belts of planetoids, such as the
37:For ring systems in chemistry, see
2460:Devlin, Hannah (8 February 2023).
1578:Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems
1081:"Saturn's Rings May Be Old Timers"
780:", is most likely a free-floating
25:
3449:Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility
2742:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1980:Discovers Possible Rings at Rhea"
1336:Gürtler, J. & Dorschner, J: "
964:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
5534:
5522:
5510:
5498:
5486:
5358:
5346:
5334:
2129:from the original on 2014-03-30.
1632:"Questions about Saturn's rings"
1169:from the original on 2017-08-09.
820:
619:). The ring is close to the 3:1
615:(which has a semimajor axis of ≈
5234:Gravitationally rounded objects
2155:from the original on 2015-01-31
1994:from the original on 2008-06-26
1904:from the original on 2012-10-22
1642:from the original on 2012-10-03
1558:from the original on 2012-05-10
1105:Spahn, F.; et al. (2006).
87:is a disc or torus orbiting an
1984:The Planetary Society web site
1463:Reports on Progress in Physics
1:
3305:Interplanetary magnetic field
3247:Magnetosphere particle motion
2236:The Planetary Science Journal
1974:Lakdawalla, E. (2008-03-06).
1860:10.1126/science.246.4936.1422
909:Lists of astronomical objects
631:. It is well within Haumea's
236:) with a giant planet. For a
224:Ring systems may form around
3052:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2939:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2684:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2570:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2284:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2179:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2014:Geophysical Research Letters
1534:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90018-2
1383:10.1126/science.204.4396.951
5329:Outline of the Solar System
5092:Interplanetary medium/space
3083:10.1051/0004-6361/201936141
3028:10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/126
2970:10.1051/0004-6361/202037594
2715:10.1051/0004-6361/202037618
2660:10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/117
2597:10.1051/0004-6361/202346365
2303:10.1051/0004-6361/202347025
2209:10.1051/0004-6361/201424461
1729:10.1126/science.233.4759.43
1596:10.1007/978-94-007-5606-9_7
1483:10.1088/0034-4885/65/12/201
1017:Leah Crane (Feb 18, 2023).
597:resonant Kuiper belt member
479:its own tenuous ring system
5583:
5045:Extraterrestrial materials
3310:Heliospheric current sheet
2525:10.1038/s41586-022-05629-6
1976:"A Ringed Moon of Saturn?
1280:10.3847/2041-8205/828/1/L8
1058:10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118991
654:
572:
545:
520:
444:
408:
360:
334:
310:
295:It is also predicted that
169:, all four giant planets (
36:
29:
5365:Earth sciences portal
5324:
5087:Interplanetary dust cloud
3925:
3767:
2998:The Astrophysical Journal
1248:The Astrophysical Journal
5378:Local Interstellar Cloud
4090:other near-Earth objects
3262:Van Allen radiation belt
3242:Magnetosphere chronology
2773:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9f3f
2067:The Astronomical Journal
995:10.3847/2041-8213/ab0827
491:Prior to the arrival of
436:Prehistoric ring systems
371:, Edward W. Dunham, and
5341:Solar System portal
5067:Giant-impact hypothesis
4674:Trans-Neptunian objects
3171:Atmospheric circulation
3075:2020A&A...633A.115K
2962:2020A&A...638A.120G
2896:10.1073/pnas.1912506117
2828:10.1126/science.1166609
2707:2020A&A...635L...8A
2589:2023A&A...673L...4P
1945:10.1126/science.1151524
1793:10.1126/science.1122882
1212:10.1126/science.1123013
1144:10.1126/science.1121375
688:Rings around exoplanets
458:Ordovician meteor event
245:Ring systems of planets
126:. But they can also be
39:Ring system (chemistry)
5229:Possible dwarf planets
5072:Gravitational collapse
5010:Circumstellar envelope
3809:
3181:Earth's magnetic field
1447:10.1006/icar.1998.6072
1324:10.1006/icar.2001.6683
928:NASA (12 March 2019).
879:
861:
815:
706:
647:
601:trans-Neptunian object
584:
383:Hubble Space Telescope
262:
80:
5438:Laniakea Supercluster
5055:Sample-return mission
3808:
3285:Coronal mass ejection
3205:Earth's magnetosphere
2629:Astrophysical Journal
867:
849:
803:
704:
645:
582:
463:Hirnantian glaciation
252:
156:mean motion resonance
124:circumplanetary disks
107:and stellar objects.
55:
5353:Astronomy portal
5254:Solar System objects
5000:Circumplanetary disk
3719:Circumplanetary disc
3458:Other magnetospheres
3320:Solar particle event
2044:10.1029/2010GL043663
894:Circumplanetary disk
274:period of the ring.
201:that was within the
5567:Celestial mechanics
5452:Observable universe
5249:Solar System models
5179:Protoplanetary disk
5102:Interstellar medium
5062:Frost/Ice/Snow line
3641:Rings of exoplanets
3020:2015ApJ...800..126K
2887:2020PNAS..117.9712G
2820:2008Sci...322.1345K
2764:2022ApJ...940L..30O
2652:2011ApJ...734..117S
2517:2023Natur.614..239M
2423:10.1038/nature24051
2415:2017Natur.550..219O
2338:2017Natur.550..197S
2258:2023PSJ.....4..221S
2201:2015yCat..35760018O
2089:2007AJ....133.1485S
2036:2010GeoRL..3714205T
1937:2008Sci...319.1380J
1931:(5868): 1380–1384.
1852:1989Sci...246.1422S
1846:(4936): 1422–1449.
1784:2006Sci...311..973S
1721:1986Sci...233...43S
1674:1977Natur.267..328E
1526:1987Icar...69..458S
1475:2002RPPh...65.1741E
1438:1999Icar..138..188O
1375:1979Sci...204..951S
1316:2001Icar..154..432H
1271:2016ApJ...828L...8H
1204:2006Sci...311.1393P
1198:(5766): 1393–1401.
1126:2006Sci...311.1416S
986:2019ApJ...873L..16P
238:differentiated body
199:protoplanetary disk
144:interplanetary dust
132:circumstellar discs
89:astronomical object
5432:Virgo Supercluster
5413:Milky Way subgroup
5244:Natural satellites
5127:Nebular hypothesis
5107:Interstellar space
5097:Interstellar cloud
5005:Circumstellar disc
4595:Near-Earth objects
4479:names and meanings
3810:
3714:Circumstellar disc
2267:10.3847/PSJ/ad0632
1552:www.solarviews.com
934:www.eurekalert.org
899:Circumstellar disc
880:
862:
816:
790:astronomical units
774:circumstellar disk
750:Proxima Centauri c
707:
648:
585:
552:A second centaur,
393:from the extended
347:Christiaan Huygens
301:tidal deceleration
263:
253:The ring orbiting
81:
5474:
5473:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5292:Lagrangian points
5264:by discovery date
4862:Human spaceflight
4833:historical models
4726:
4725:
4345:S/2015 (136472) 1
3727:
3726:
3659:Rings of Chariklo
3561:
3560:
3415:Research projects
3383:
3354:
3295:Geomagnetic storm
3212:Birkeland current
2871:(18): 9712–9722.
2511:(7947): 239–243.
2399:(7675): 219–223.
2332:(7675): 197–198.
2149:Planetary Society
1988:Planetary Society
1778:(5763): 973–977.
1668:(5609): 328–330.
1469:(12): 1741–1783.
1369:(4396): 951–972.
1340:", Barth (1993),
796:Visual comparison
770:substellar object
702:
523:Rings of Chariklo
271:specific strength
230:tidally disrupted
112:satellite systems
53:
16:(Redirected from
5574:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5503:
5502:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5468:
5466:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5430:
5424:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5040:Exozodiacal dust
4730:
4696:Detached objects
3932:
3928:
3772:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3626:Rings of Neptune
3611:Rings of Jupiter
3588:
3581:
3574:
3565:
3399:Van Allen Probes
3381:
3352:
3164:Submagnetosphere
3150:
3143:
3136:
3127:
3118:Gladyshev G. P.
3087:
3086:
3068:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3013:
2993:
2982:
2981:
2955:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2908:
2898:
2880:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2813:
2804:(5906): 1345–8.
2792:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2757:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2700:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2645:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2582:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2536:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2408:
2390:
2381:
2366:
2365:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2296:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2251:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2194:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2082:
2080:astro-ph/0608036
2073:(4): 1485–1489.
2062:
2056:
2055:
2029:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1795:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1682:10.1038/267328a0
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1636:CICLOPS web site
1624:
1618:
1617:
1589:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1357:
1348:
1338:Das Sonnensystem
1334:
1328:
1327:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1264:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1189:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1137:
1120:(5766): 1416–8.
1111:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1014:
1008:
1007:
997:
979:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
925:
824:
703:
683:
681:
675:
673:
638:
630:
628:
618:
610:
606:
563:
561:
411:Rings of Neptune
391:aerodynamic drag
313:Rings of Jupiter
154:, and Earth, in
54:
21:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5562:Planetary rings
5547:
5546:
5545:
5535:
5533:
5523:
5521:
5511:
5509:
5497:
5487:
5485:
5477:
5475:
5470:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5359:
5357:
5347:
5345:
5335:
5333:
5320:
5311:
5275:
5212:
5196:vs. Hill sphere
5122:Molecular cloud
5050:Sample curation
5030:Detached object
4969:
4962:
4806:
4798:
4735:
4722:
4667:Neptune trojans
4450:
4448:
4446:
4439:
4375:
4068:
3939:
3921:
3807:
3770:
3763:
3758:
3728:
3723:
3697:
3678:
3674:Rings of Quaoar
3664:Rings of Chiron
3645:
3621:Rings of Uranus
3616:Rings of Saturn
3597:
3592:
3562:
3557:
3504:
3453:
3410:
3334:
3266:
3200:
3159:
3157:Magnetospherics
3154:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3048:
3047:
3043:
2995:
2994:
2985:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2477:
2475:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2369:
2346:10.1038/550197a
2323:
2322:
2318:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2156:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1715:(4759): 43–64.
1702:
1701:
1697:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1606:
1575:
1574:
1570:
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1559:
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1511:
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1506:
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1455:
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1418:
1414:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1335:
1331:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1135:10.1.1.466.6748
1109:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1016:
1015:
1011:
957:
956:
952:
942:
940:
927:
926:
922:
917:
885:
844:
843:
842:
830:
825:
798:
759:
756:
723:rings of Saturn
692:
690:
679:
677:
671:
669:
659:
657:Rings of Quaoar
653:
636:
626:
624:
616:
608:
604:
577:
575:Rings of Haumea
571:
559:
557:
550:
548:Rings of Chiron
544:
525:
519:
471:
449:
443:
438:
413:
407:
369:James L. Elliot
365:
363:Rings of Uranus
359:
343:Galileo Galilei
339:
337:Rings of Saturn
333:
315:
309:
247:
195:
44:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Planetary rings
15:
12:
11:
5:
5580:
5578:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5531:
5519:
5507:
5495:
5472:
5471:
5368:
5367:
5355:
5343:
5331:
5325:
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5321:
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5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
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5283:
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5277:
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5273:
5268:
5267:
5266:
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5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5208:Scattered disc
5205:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4993:Excretion disk
4988:Accretion disk
4985:
4980:
4978:Star formation
4974:
4972:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4867:space stations
4859:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4706:Scattered disc
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4385:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4005:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3945:
3943:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3702:Related topics
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3669:Ring of Haumea
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3631:Rings of Earth
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3509:Related topics
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3384:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Magnetic cloud
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3102:
3095:
3094:External links
3092:
3089:
3088:
3041:
2983:
2928:
2849:
2787:
2728:
2673:
2618:
2556:
2485:
2452:
2367:
2316:
2273:
2222:
2165:
2143:(2015-01-27).
2141:Lakdawalla, E.
2132:
2125:. March 2014.
2123:Universe Today
2110:
2097:10.1086/511770
2057:
2020:(14): L14205.
2004:
1966:
1915:
1889:
1823:
1758:
1695:
1652:
1628:Porco, Carolyn
1619:
1604:
1568:
1539:
1520:(3): 458–498.
1504:
1453:
1432:(2): 188–213.
1412:
1349:
1329:
1310:(2): 432–448.
1294:
1233:
1172:
1097:
1072:
1028:
1009:
950:
919:
918:
916:
913:
912:
911:
906:
904:Accretion disk
901:
896:
891:
884:
881:
839:Saturn's rings
827:
826:
819:
818:
817:
797:
794:
766:V1400 Centauri
757:
754:
731:transit method
689:
686:
655:Main article:
652:
649:
617:25,657 km
607:, a width of ≈
587:A ring around
573:Main article:
570:
567:
546:Main article:
543:
540:
528:10199 Chariklo
521:Main article:
518:
515:
470:
467:
447:Rings of Earth
445:Main article:
442:
439:
437:
434:
409:Main article:
406:
403:
361:Main article:
358:
355:
335:Main article:
332:
329:
311:Main article:
308:
305:
280:shepherd moons
246:
243:
228:when they are
211:tidal stresses
194:
191:
142:, or rings of
128:galactic rings
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5579:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5542:
5532:
5530:
5520:
5518:
5508:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5494:
5484:
5480:
5469:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5344:
5342:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5308:
5307:Tidal locking
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5287:Double planet
5285:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5239:Minor planets
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5172:Merging stars
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4774:Subsatellites
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4734:Hypothetical
4731:
4728:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Asteroid belt
4598:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4474:Minor planets
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:(unconfirmed)
3693:
3692:Rings of Rhea
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3651:Minor planets
3648:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3330:Space weather
3328:
3326:
3325:Space climate
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:Magnetosphere
3235:
3233:
3232:Magnetosheath
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3045:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
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2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1993:
1989:
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1981:
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1962:
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1605:9789400756052
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1346:3-335-00281-4
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1046:
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1024:
1023:New Scientist
1020:
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1005:
1001:
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987:
983:
978:
973:
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965:
961:
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931:
924:
921:
914:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
889:Shepherd moon
887:
886:
882:
877:
873:
872:
866:
859:
855:
854:
848:
840:
836:
835:
829:
823:
814:'s main ring.
813:
809:
808:
802:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
751:
746:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:giant planets
687:
685:
666:
664:
658:
650:
644:
640:
637:4,400 km
634:
622:
614:
605:2,287 km
602:
598:
594:
590:
581:
576:
568:
566:
555:
549:
541:
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512:
508:
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489:
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476:
468:
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448:
440:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:processed by
412:
404:
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400:
396:
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388:
384:
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364:
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354:
352:
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235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
215:
212:
208:
204:
200:
192:
190:
188:
184:
183:minor planets
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:asteroid belt
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
116:giant planets
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
78:
77:shepherd moon
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
40:
33:
19:
5557:Solar System
5541:Solar system
5463:Each arrow (
5385:Local Bubble
5371:Solar System
5369:
5185:
5162:Planetesimal
5117:Kuiper cliff
4845:Space probes
4818:Colonization
4657:Kirkwood gap
4578:Saturn Moons
4491:Planetesimal
4380:
3949:Terrestrials
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3838:
3761:Solar System
3635:space debris
3595:Ring systems
3594:
3531:Ring systems
3530:
3526:Lunar swirls
3403:
3386:
3257:Ring current
3252:Plasmasphere
3227:Magnetopause
3119:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3001:
2997:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2868:
2862:
2852:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2568:
2508:
2504:
2476:. Retrieved
2467:The Guardian
2465:
2455:
2396:
2392:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2282:
2276:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2182:
2178:
2157:. Retrieved
2135:
2122:
2113:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1996:. Retrieved
1983:
1977:
1969:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1892:
1843:
1839:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1635:
1622:
1577:
1571:
1560:. Retrieved
1551:
1542:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1366:
1362:
1337:
1332:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1252:
1246:
1236:
1195:
1191:
1181:Porco, C. C.
1175:
1117:
1113:
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1075:
1048:
1044:
1022:
1012:
967:
963:
953:
941:. Retrieved
933:
923:
869:
851:
832:
805:
786:rogue planet
763:
743:
709:Because all
708:
667:
660:
593:dwarf planet
586:
551:
526:
511:New Horizons
510:
507:New Horizons
506:
494:New Horizons
492:
490:
483:
472:
450:
429:
414:
376:
373:Jessica Mink
366:
340:
324:
318:
316:
294:
279:
276:
264:
223:
219:cryovolcanic
216:
196:
167:Solar System
164:
160:brown dwarfs
109:
84:
82:
63:(right) and
5529:Outer space
5517:Spaceflight
5426:Local Sheet
5420:Local Group
5203:Rubble pile
5191:Roche limit
5186:Ring system
5137:Outer space
5112:Kuiper belt
5082:Hill sphere
5077:Hills cloud
5025:Debris disk
5020:Cosmic dust
4804:Exploration
4759:Planet Nine
4744:Fifth giant
4718:Hills cloud
4679:Kuiper belt
4650:exceptional
4566:Trojan camp
3437:Unwin Radar
3363:Double Star
3300:Heliosphere
3290:Solar flare
2534:10023/27188
2431:10045/70230
2242:(11): 221.
938:EurekAlert!
782:brown dwarf
745:Fomalhaut b
735:HIP 41378 f
633:Roche limit
554:2060 Chiron
426:for decades
401:of Uranus.
234:Roche limit
203:Roche limit
140:Kuiper belt
85:ring system
32:Planet Ring
5551:Categories
5445:Local Hole
5392:Gould Belt
5132:Oort cloud
4968:Formation,
4958:Deep space
4794:Vulcanoids
4711:Oort cloud
4635:first 1000
4571:Greek camp
4469:Meteoroids
4464:Damocloids
4410:Charikloan
3485:Ganymedian
3358:Cluster II
3339:Satellites
3315:Heliopause
3272:Solar wind
3222:Ionosphere
3196:Polar wind
3191:Jet stream
3066:1912.03314
3011:1501.05652
3004:(2): 126.
2953:2004.06685
2878:2004.08736
2755:2211.07706
2748:(2): L30.
2698:2002.11422
2636:(2): 117.
2613:Q117802048
2580:2304.09237
2478:8 February
2406:2006.03113
2294:2308.03458
2249:2310.16205
2192:1501.05911
2159:2015-01-31
1998:2008-03-09
1908:2010-09-16
1646:2012-10-05
1562:2016-06-15
1262:1608.03509
1091:2008-04-11
1051:: 118991.
977:1904.12404
970:(2): L16.
915:References
874:images of
868:A pair of
837:mosaic of
727:frost line
715:exoplanets
682:20 km
609:70 km
562:10 km
486:spacecraft
453:Ordovician
221:material.
187:Ordovician
173:, Saturn,
101:planetoids
97:meteoroids
61:Prometheus
5493:Astronomy
5406:Milky Way
5399:Orion Arm
5167:Formation
5152:Migration
5147:Disrupted
5015:Coatlicue
4983:Accretion
4970:evolution
4916:Asteroids
4828:astronomy
4823:Discovery
4684:Cubewanos
4605:Asteroids
4435:Quaoarian
4425:Neptunian
4415:Chironean
4400:Saturnian
4176:Enceladus
3709:Gas torus
3521:Gas torus
3516:Flux tube
3500:Neptunian
3490:Saturnian
3444:SuperDARN
3345:Full list
3217:Bow shock
3186:Geosphere
2978:215754278
2923:215827666
2811:0811.1994
2782:2041-8205
2723:211506047
2643:1104.3863
2605:0004-6361
2551:256667345
2447:205260767
2311:260680405
2027:1008.1764
1961:206509814
1868:0036-8075
1802:0036-8075
1737:0036-8075
1614:118494597
1587:1112.3305
1499:250909885
1491:0034-4885
1391:0036-8075
1289:119247768
1255:(1): L8.
1130:CiteSeerX
1067:0012-821X
1004:127456764
878:'s rings.
871:Voyager 2
860:'s rings.
856:image of
853:Voyager 2
810:image of
674:6 km
629:8 km
621:resonance
536:two rings
477:may have
432:in 1989.
430:Voyager 2
418:radiation
395:exosphere
378:Voyager 2
320:Voyager 1
259:Enceladus
193:Formation
120:of Saturn
5459:Universe
5297:Moonlets
4877:programs
4850:timeline
4838:timeline
4769:Planet X
4764:Planet V
4701:Sednoids
4689:Plutinos
4662:Centaurs
4640:families
4369:Dysnomia
4357:Xiangliu
4352:Gonggong
4340:Makemake
4299:Kerberos
4186:Hyperion
4124:Callisto
4119:Ganymede
4052:Gonggong
4047:Makemake
3902:Gonggong
3895:Makemake
3059:: A115.
3036:56118870
2946:: A120.
2915:32312810
2844:10054103
2836:19008414
2668:42698264
2609:Wikidata
2543:36755175
2472:Archived
2439:29022593
2354:29022595
2217:38950384
2153:Archived
2127:Archived
2105:18360476
2052:59458559
1992:Archived
1953:18323452
1902:Archived
1884:45403579
1876:17755997
1818:13240973
1810:16373533
1745:17812889
1640:Archived
1556:Archived
1407:33147728
1399:17800430
1220:16527964
1164:Archived
1160:33554377
1152:16527969
1085:Archived
943:12 March
883:See also
517:Chariklo
387:organics
381:and the
283:, small
226:centaurs
189:period.
118:such as
105:moonlets
5479:Portals
5280:Related
5259:by size
4948:Neptune
4933:Jupiter
4884:Mercury
4809:outline
4754:Phaeton
4749:Nemesis
4736:objects
4588:Neptune
4561:Jupiter
4541:Trojans
4534:Neptune
4519:Jupiter
4499:Mercury
4430:Haumean
4420:Uranian
4402: (
4316:Hiʻiaka
4250:Proteus
4240:Neptune
4228:Miranda
4218:Umbriel
4208:Titania
4196:all 146
4161:Iapetus
4114:Jupiter
4008:Neptune
3986:Jupiter
3954:Mercury
3936:Planets
3861:Neptune
3846:Jupiter
3819:Mercury
3603:Planets
3551:Neptune
3536:Jupiter
3495:Uranian
3475:Martian
3465:Hermian
3368:Geotail
3071:Bibcode
3016:Bibcode
2958:Bibcode
2906:7211925
2883:Bibcode
2816:Bibcode
2798:Science
2760:Bibcode
2703:Bibcode
2648:Bibcode
2585:Bibcode
2513:Bibcode
2411:Bibcode
2362:4472882
2334:Bibcode
2254:Bibcode
2197:Bibcode
2185:: A18.
2085:Bibcode
2032:Bibcode
1978:Cassini
1933:Bibcode
1925:Science
1848:Bibcode
1840:Science
1780:Bibcode
1772:Science
1753:5895824
1717:Bibcode
1709:Science
1690:4194104
1670:Bibcode
1522:Bibcode
1471:Bibcode
1434:Bibcode
1371:Bibcode
1363:Science
1312:Bibcode
1267:Bibcode
1228:6976648
1200:Bibcode
1192:Science
1122:Bibcode
1114:Science
982:Bibcode
876:Neptune
834:Cassini
812:Jupiter
807:Galileo
772:with a
613:Hi’iaka
532:centaur
484:Cassini
405:Neptune
325:Galileo
307:Jupiter
289:gravity
179:Neptune
171:Jupiter
165:In the
148:Mercury
114:around
65:Pandora
5454:
5447:
5440:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5302:Syzygy
5224:Comets
5157:System
5142:Planet
5035:EXCEDE
4943:Uranus
4938:Saturn
4928:Comets
4921:mining
4899:mining
4789:Vulcan
4630:active
4625:Hygiea
4620:Pallas
4583:Uranus
4529:Uranus
4524:Saturn
4459:Comets
4451:bodies
4449:System
4395:Jovian
4333:Weywot
4328:Quaoar
4321:Namaka
4311:Haumea
4284:Charon
4260:all 16
4255:Nereid
4245:Triton
4233:all 28
4213:Oberon
4203:Uranus
4191:Phoebe
4171:Tethys
4146:Saturn
4139:all 95
4134:Europa
4107:Deimos
4102:Phobos
4081:Earth
4042:Quaoar
4037:Haumea
4017:Dwarfs
4003:Uranus
3991:Saturn
3976:Giants
3941:dwarfs
3888:Quaoar
3881:Haumea
3856:Uranus
3851:Saturn
3546:Uranus
3541:Saturn
3480:Jovian
3422:EISCAT
3394:THEMIS
3382:(2015)
3380:
3353:(2016)
3351:
3176:Aurora
3034:
2976:
2921:
2913:
2903:
2842:
2834:
2780:
2721:
2691:: L8.
2666:
2611:
2603:
2549:
2541:
2505:Nature
2445:
2437:
2393:Nature
2360:
2352:
2326:Nature
2309:
2215:
2103:
2050:
1959:
1951:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1688:
1662:Nature
1612:
1602:
1514:Icarus
1497:
1489:
1426:Icarus
1405:
1397:
1389:
1344:
1304:Icarus
1287:
1226:
1218:
1158:
1150:
1132:
1065:
1002:
858:Uranus
778:J1407b
739:K2-33b
663:Quaoar
651:Quaoar
589:Haumea
569:Haumea
542:Chiron
503:Charon
399:corona
357:Uranus
331:Saturn
297:Phobos
255:Saturn
177:, and
175:Uranus
73:Saturn
69:F ring
5505:Stars
5217:Lists
4953:Pluto
4911:Ceres
4889:Venus
4784:Tyche
4779:Theia
4615:Vesta
4610:Ceres
4551:Earth
4546:Venus
4509:Earth
4504:Venus
4484:moons
4447:Solar
4445:Small
4404:Rhean
4389:Earth
4381:Rings
4294:Hydra
4279:Pluto
4272:Vanth
4267:Orcus
4223:Ariel
4181:Mimas
4166:Dione
4151:Titan
4074:Moons
4062:Sedna
4032:Pluto
4027:Orcus
4022:Ceres
3964:Earth
3959:Venus
3916:Sedna
3874:Pluto
3867:Orcus
3840:Ceres
3829:Earth
3824:Venus
3684:Moons
3470:Lunar
3432:SHARE
3427:HAARP
3388:Polar
3373:IMAGE
3349:Arase
3061:arXiv
3032:S2CID
3006:arXiv
2974:S2CID
2948:arXiv
2919:S2CID
2873:arXiv
2840:S2CID
2806:arXiv
2750:arXiv
2719:S2CID
2693:arXiv
2664:S2CID
2638:arXiv
2575:arXiv
2547:S2CID
2501:(PDF)
2443:S2CID
2401:arXiv
2389:(PDF)
2358:S2CID
2307:S2CID
2289:arXiv
2244:arXiv
2213:S2CID
2187:arXiv
2101:S2CID
2075:arXiv
2048:S2CID
2022:arXiv
1957:S2CID
1880:S2CID
1814:S2CID
1749:S2CID
1686:S2CID
1610:S2CID
1582:arXiv
1495:S2CID
1403:S2CID
1285:S2CID
1257:arXiv
1224:S2CID
1188:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
1156:S2CID
1110:(PDF)
1000:S2CID
972:arXiv
678:2,520
670:4,057
625:2,285
499:Pluto
441:Earth
285:moons
267:tidal
152:Venus
122:, or
58:moons
4906:Mars
4894:Moon
4872:list
4855:list
4556:Mars
4514:Mars
4364:Eris
4304:Styx
4156:Rhea
4097:Mars
4085:Moon
4057:Eris
3969:Mars
3909:Eris
3834:Mars
3405:Wind
2911:PMID
2864:PNAS
2832:PMID
2778:ISSN
2601:ISSN
2539:PMID
2480:2023
2435:PMID
2350:PMID
1949:PMID
1872:PMID
1864:ISSN
1806:PMID
1798:ISSN
1741:PMID
1733:ISSN
1600:ISBN
1487:ISSN
1395:PMID
1387:ISSN
1342:ISBN
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