31:
231:
A 2019 study argues the plague of 1629β1631 led to lower growth in several cities affected by the plague and "caused long-lasting damage to the size of
Italian urban populations and to urbanization rates. These findings support the hypothesis that seventeenth-century plagues played a fundamental role
114:
was severely hit, with recorded casualties of 46,000 out of a population of 140,000. Some historians believe that the drastic loss of life, and its impact on commerce, ultimately resulted in the downfall of Venice as a major commercial and political power.
66:
and resulted in at least 280,000 deaths, with some estimating fatalities as high as one million, or about 35% of the population. The plague may have contributed to the decline of Italy's economy relative to those of other
Western European countries.
1323:
1194:
1359:
103:
and limited access to external visitors and trade goods, it failed to eliminate the disease. A major outbreak in March 1630 resulted from relaxed health measures during the
1591:
1471:
1139:
857:
1237:
107:
season, followed by a second wave in the spring and summer of 1631. Overall, Milan suffered approximately 60,000 fatalities out of a total population of 130,000.
1049:
1157:
1329:
1000:
1353:
1293:
1269:
1201:
1121:
953:
30:
1299:
863:
647:
1626:
1586:
988:
893:
821:
766:
1243:
1187:
1012:
959:
1018:
899:
797:
717:
1606:
1127:
923:
917:
518:
1181:
941:
827:
446:
1364:
1335:
1225:
1169:
1085:
473:
427:
1477:
1571:
1281:
1151:
1115:
1103:
1006:
929:
1231:
1601:
1596:
1566:
1347:
1341:
1311:
1263:
1133:
1073:
1036:
1024:
935:
760:
546:
1459:
1447:
1441:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1305:
1249:
1219:
1207:
1621:
1175:
1091:
693:
88:
851:
845:
1145:
965:
1529:
1523:
1067:
723:
1317:
1287:
1097:
947:
1109:
778:
748:
34:
Melchiorre
Gherardini, Piazza S. Babila, Milan, during the plague of 1630: plague carts carry the dead for burial.
1616:
833:
1501:
1483:
261:
359:
1611:
1581:
1576:
1507:
1411:
1405:
772:
705:
687:
511:
1453:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1399:
804:
790:
607:
256:
47:
1435:
1393:
971:
1042:
839:
784:
699:
496:
360:"Plague and long-term development: the lasting effects of the 1629β30 epidemic on the Italian cities"
246:
80:
79:
in 1623, the plague was carried throughout Europe as a result of troop movements associated with the
1275:
905:
670:
623:
617:
1256:
1163:
911:
742:
711:
504:
390:
267:
92:
465:
1513:
1213:
994:
659:
596:
469:
442:
423:
382:
251:
1495:
629:
584:
535:
457:
374:
241:
1079:
635:
590:
563:
264:, a church in Venice built as a votive offering for the city's deliverance from the plague
484:
571:
59:
1545:
1489:
641:
458:
394:
63:
417:
1465:
653:
51:
1030:
878:
110:
East of
Lombardy, the Republic of Venice was infected in 1630β31. The city of
100:
17:
386:
270:, small island in the Venetian lagoon used as a cemetery for plague victims
1385:
531:
527:
232:
in triggering the process of relative decline of the
Italian economies."
104:
84:
460:
Encyclopedia of Plague and
Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present
378:
144:
111:
99:, Lombardy's major commercial centre. Although the city instituted a
76:
54:
in 1348 and ended in the 18th century. One of two major outbreaks in
398:
96:
55:
29:
500:
118:
Population before the plague and death toll, selected cities:
439:
Epidemics and pandemics; their impacts on human history
313:
311:
286:
284:
1384:
1060:
981:
886:
877:
814:
735:
680:
669:
606:
562:
555:
464:(3rd ed.). New York: Facts on File. pp.
419:Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy
1517:
512:
341:
329:
302:
8:
27:Series of bubonic plague outbreaks in Italy
883:
677:
559:
519:
505:
497:
422:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
700:"Cocoliztli" epidemics in colonial Mexico
120:
280:
75:Thought to have originated in Northern
1592:17th century in the Republic of Venice
358:Alfani, Guido; Percoco, Marco (2019).
767:Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty
58:during the 17th century, it affected
7:
317:
290:
87:in 1629 by soldiers involved in the
95:troops and in October 1629 reached
25:
1472:encephalitis lethargica epidemic
1250:Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis
547:List of epidemics and pandemics
91:. The disease first spread to
1:
1627:War of the Mantuan Succession
1587:17th-century health disasters
575:
486:Epidemics Resulting from Wars
89:War of the Mantuan Succession
83:and was allegedly brought to
483:Prinzing, Friedrich (1916).
367:The Economic History Review
224:
221:
218:
210:
207:
204:
196:
193:
190:
182:
179:
176:
168:
165:
162:
154:
151:
148:
40:Italian plague of 1629β1631
1643:
1607:Disease outbreaks in Italy
1360:2024 Latin American dengue
1140:Western African meningitis
954:Pacific Northwest smallpox
489:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
416:Cipolla, Carlo M. (1981).
42:, also referred to as the
966:Buenos Aires yellow fever
864:Philadelphia yellow fever
834:Great Plague of Marseille
828:Great Northern War plague
822:Iceland smallpox epidemic
542:
342:Alfani & Percoco 2019
330:Alfani & Percoco 2019
303:Alfani & Percoco 2019
1530:Mpox (clade Ib) epidemic
1524:Mpox (clade II) outbreak
1484:Seventh cholera pandemic
456:Kohn, George C. (2007).
262:Santa Maria della Salute
1572:1630s disease outbreaks
1442:Fourth cholera pandemic
1424:Second cholera pandemic
1270:Γquateur province Ebola
858:North American smallpox
773:Great Plague of Seville
1602:Second plague pandemic
1597:17th-century epidemics
1567:1629 disease outbreaks
1460:Sixth cholera pandemic
1448:Fifth cholera pandemic
1430:Third cholera pandemic
1418:First cholera pandemic
1400:Second plague pandemic
960:Barcelona yellow fever
805:Great Plague of Vienna
791:Great Plague of London
761:Massachusetts smallpox
257:Second plague pandemic
48:second plague pandemic
35:
1436:Third plague pandemic
1394:First plague pandemic
1188:Western African Ebola
1098:Chikungunya outbreaks
1050:Malaysian Nipah virus
918:Great Plains smallpox
44:Great Plague of Milan
33:
1496:Russian flu pandemic
1238:Angolan yellow fever
989:San Francisco plague
942:Broad Street cholera
840:Great Plague of 1738
437:Hays, J. N. (2005).
247:Naples Plague (1656)
50:that began with the
1402:(1348β19th century)
1330:New Zealand measles
1158:Darfur yellow fever
1001:LA pneumonic plague
618:Plague of Justinian
1412:Influenza pandemic
1406:Influenza pandemic
1354:Bangsamoro measles
1336:Singaporean dengue
1300:Pacific NW measles
1294:Philippine measles
1282:Madagascar measles
1264:Kerala Nipah virus
1257:Saudi Arabian MERS
1170:Singaporean dengue
1116:Zimbabwean cholera
1086:Singaporean dengue
930:Copenhagen cholera
912:Groningen epidemic
706:Influenza pandemic
688:Influenza pandemic
268:Lazzaretto Vecchio
46:, was part of the
36:
1622:Thirty Years' War
1539:
1538:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1312:Kuala Koh measles
1226:South Korean MERS
1214:Polio declaration
1202:Madagascar plague
1134:Gujarat hepatitis
1122:Madagascar plague
1074:Midwest monkeypox
1025:Yugoslav smallpox
995:Manchurian plague
936:Stockholm cholera
873:
872:
660:Sweating sickness
648:Japanese smallpox
597:Plague of Cyprian
536:disease outbreaks
379:10.1111/ehr.12652
252:List of epidemics
229:
228:
81:Thirty Years' War
16:(Redirected from
1634:
1617:History of Milan
1519:
1306:New York measles
1260:
1220:Indian swine flu
1208:Odisha hepatitis
1198:
1152:Pakistani dengue
1104:Pakistani dengue
1053:
1019:WrocΕaw smallpox
972:Hong Kong plague
906:Caragea's plague
884:
801:
694:Mexican smallpox
678:
630:Plague of Sheroe
585:Plague of Athens
580:
577:
560:
521:
514:
507:
498:
490:
479:
463:
452:
433:
412:
410:
409:
403:
397:. Archived from
373:(4): 1175β1201.
364:
345:
339:
333:
327:
321:
315:
306:
300:
294:
288:
242:Ludovico Settala
139:population lost
121:
21:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1372:
1255:
1193:
1176:Swansea measles
1128:Bolivian dengue
1056:
1048:
1037:Indian smallpox
1007:Croydon typhoid
977:
869:
810:
796:
731:
672:
665:
636:Plague of Amwas
609:
602:
591:Antonine Plague
578:
551:
538:
525:
494:
482:
476:
455:
449:
436:
430:
415:
407:
405:
401:
362:
357:
354:
349:
348:
344:, p. 1188.
340:
336:
332:, p. 1181.
328:
324:
316:
309:
305:, p. 1177.
301:
297:
289:
282:
277:
238:
138:
133:
132:Death estimates
128:
73:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:Duchy of Milan
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1582:1631 disasters
1579:
1577:1630 disasters
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1511:
1505:
1504:(1981βpresent)
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1356:(2023βpresent)
1351:
1348:Jamaica dengue
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1244:Yemeni cholera
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1195:DR Congo Ebola
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
985:
983:
979:
978:
976:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
900:Maltese plague
897:
894:Ottoman plague
890:
888:
881:
875:
874:
871:
870:
868:
867:
861:
855:
852:Persian Plague
849:
846:Russian plague
843:
837:
831:
825:
818:
816:
812:
811:
809:
808:
802:
798:Maltese plague
794:
788:
782:
779:Maltese plague
776:
770:
764:
758:
755:Italian plague
752:
749:Maltese plague
746:
739:
737:
733:
732:
730:
729:
727:
721:
718:Maltese plague
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
684:
682:
675:
667:
666:
664:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
614:
612:
604:
603:
601:
600:
594:
588:
582:
572:Hittite plague
568:
566:
557:
553:
552:
550:
549:
543:
540:
539:
526:
524:
523:
516:
509:
501:
492:
491:
480:
474:
453:
448:978-1851096589
447:
434:
428:
413:
353:
350:
347:
346:
334:
322:
320:, p. 200.
307:
295:
293:, p. 103.
279:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
265:
259:
254:
249:
244:
237:
234:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
141:
140:
135:
130:
125:
72:
69:
26:
24:
18:Plague of 1630
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1639:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1562:1631 in Italy
1560:
1558:
1557:1630 in Italy
1555:
1553:
1552:1629 in Italy
1550:
1549:
1547:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1516:(2019βpresent
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:Hong Kong flu
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:Tonga measles
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:Samoa measles
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:Haiti cholera
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:Iraqi cholera
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:Indian dengue
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
986:
984:
980:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
948:Guam smallpox
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
889:
885:
882:
880:
876:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
817:
813:
806:
803:
799:
795:
792:
789:
786:
785:Naples Plague
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
743:London plague
741:
740:
738:
734:
728:
725:
724:London plague
722:
719:
716:
713:
712:London plague
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
683:
679:
676:
674:
668:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:Plague of 664
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
615:
613:
611:
605:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
573:
570:
569:
567:
565:
561:
558:
554:
548:
545:
544:
541:
537:
533:
529:
522:
517:
515:
510:
508:
503:
502:
499:
495:
488:
487:
481:
477:
475:9780816069354
471:
467:
462:
461:
454:
450:
444:
440:
435:
431:
429:0-299-08340-3
425:
421:
420:
414:
404:on 2020-06-05
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
361:
356:
355:
351:
343:
338:
335:
331:
326:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
274:
269:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
235:
233:
215:
214:
201:
200:
187:
186:
173:
172:
159:
158:
146:
143:
142:
137:Percentage of
136:
131:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
70:
68:
65:
64:central Italy
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1342:Uganda Ebola
1061:21st century
1043:Surat plague
1013:NYC smallpox
982:20th century
887:19th century
815:18th century
754:
736:17th century
702:(1545, 1576)
681:16th century
624:Roman Plague
593:(165β180 AD)
587:(429β426 BC)
534:and notable
493:
485:
459:
441:. ABC-CLIO.
438:
418:
406:. Retrieved
399:the original
370:
366:
337:
325:
298:
230:
117:
109:
74:
43:
39:
37:
1532:(2023β2024)
1526:(2022β2023)
1510:(2009β2010)
1498:(1977β1979)
1492:(1968β1970)
1486:(1961β1975)
1480:(1957β1958)
1474:(1919β1930)
1468:(1918β1920)
1466:Spanish flu
1462:(1899β1923)
1456:(1889β1890)
1454:Russian flu
1450:(1881β1896)
1444:(1863β1879)
1438:(1855β1860)
1432:(1852β1860)
1426:(1829β1851)
1420:(1816β1826)
1414:(1557β1559)
1344:(2022β2023)
1332:(2019β2020)
1326:(2019β2020)
1324:DRC measles
1278:(2018β2020)
1246:(2016β2022)
1234:(2015β2016)
1190:(2013β2016)
1184:(2013β2014)
1182:Chikungunya
1148:(2010β2019)
1142:(2009β2010)
1124:(2008β2017)
1118:(2008β2009)
1082:(2003β2005)
1070:(2002β2004)
1052:(1998β1999)
1033:(1972β1973)
997:(1910β1911)
991:(1900β1904)
956:(1862β1863)
926:(1847β1848)
920:(1837β1838)
902:(1813β1814)
896:(1812β1819)
866:(1793β1798)
860:(1780β1782)
848:(1770β1772)
836:(1720β1722)
830:(1710β1712)
824:(1707β1708)
800:(1675β1676)
793:(1665β1666)
775:(1647β1652)
769:(1633β1644)
757:(1629β1631)
726:(1592β1593)
720:(1592β1593)
714:(1563β1564)
708:(1557β1559)
662:(1485β1551)
656:(1346β1353)
654:Black Death
579: 1330
52:Black Death
1546:Categories
1276:Kivu Ebola
1031:London flu
408:2019-12-10
275:References
127:Population
101:quarantine
1508:Swine flu
1478:Asian flu
1396:(541β767)
1365:Argentina
650:(735β737)
644:(664β689)
638:(638β639)
632:(627β628)
620:(541β542)
610:classical
599:(250β266)
532:epidemics
528:Pandemics
395:131730725
387:1468-0289
318:Kohn 2007
291:Hays 2005
71:Outbreaks
1514:COVID-19
1502:HIV/AIDS
1080:Bird flu
236:See also
216:Florence
105:carnival
93:Venetian
85:Lombardy
60:northern
564:Ancient
352:Sources
202:Bologna
191:140,000
177:130,000
134:by 1631
129:in 1630
1408:(1510)
1386:Global
1367:(2024)
1350:(2023)
1338:(2020)
1320:(2019)
1314:(2019)
1308:(2019)
1302:(2019)
1296:(2019)
1290:(2019)
1284:(2018)
1272:(2018)
1266:(2018)
1259:(2018)
1252:(2017)
1240:(2016)
1228:(2015)
1222:(2015)
1216:(2014)
1210:(2014)
1204:(2014)
1197:(2014)
1178:(2013)
1172:(2013)
1166:(2012)
1160:(2012)
1154:(2011)
1136:(2009)
1130:(2009)
1112:(2007)
1106:(2006)
1100:(2006)
1094:(2006)
1088:(2005)
1076:(2003)
1045:(1994)
1039:(1974)
1027:(1972)
1021:(1963)
1015:(1947)
1009:(1937)
1003:(1924)
974:(1894)
968:(1871)
962:(1870)
950:(1856)
944:(1854)
938:(1853)
932:(1853)
924:Typhus
914:(1829)
908:(1813)
879:Modern
854:(1772)
842:(1738)
807:(1679)
787:(1656)
781:(1655)
763:(1633)
751:(1623)
745:(1603)
696:(1520)
690:(1510)
673:modern
472:
445:
426:
393:
385:
219:76,000
208:15,000
205:62,000
194:46,000
188:Venice
180:60,000
166:15,000
163:30,000
152:33,000
149:54,000
145:Verona
112:Venice
77:France
671:Early
626:(590)
608:Post-
556:Local
402:(PDF)
391:S2CID
363:(PDF)
222:9,000
174:Milan
160:Parma
97:Milan
56:Italy
1232:Zika
1164:MERS
1068:SARS
470:ISBN
443:ISBN
424:ISBN
383:ISSN
225:12%
211:24%
197:33%
183:46%
169:50%
155:61%
124:City
62:and
38:The
581:BC)
466:200
375:doi
1548::
576:c.
530:,
468:.
389:.
381:.
371:72
369:.
365:.
310:^
283:^
1520:)
1518:*
574:(
520:e
513:t
506:v
478:.
451:.
432:.
411:.
377::
20:)
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