205:(DEHA). DEHA is a plasticizer, a substance added to some plastics in order to make them flexible. There are public concerns about DEHA exposure while consuming food with plastic wraps. There are potentials of exposure to DEHA; however, the levels of the exposure are much lower than the no toxic effect levels in animal studies. Another case is in regard to the dioxins, labeled as "likely human carcinogen" by the Environmental Protection Agency. The public has been misled by the claims that plastics contain dioxins , while Machuga stated that no evidence that shows plastic containers or films contain dioxins was seen by the FDA . According to writing in FDA Consumer Magazine as of November 2002, when used properly the use of plastic wrap in food preparation does not pose danger to human health.
218:
carried the plastic debris into the coast, and currents transfer it to everywhere in the ocean. Plastic debris is a potential danger to all forms of aquatic life. Some marine species, like sea turtles, take plastic as prey items by mistake. Besides, some species might even pick up plastics and feed their offspring, which cause huge problems on growth and even cause mortality. Toxic compounds in plastics can disrupt hormone regulation in the cells of organisms, which can lead to alteration of animals’ mating behavior, reproductive ability, and even cause the development of tumors. Plastic debris could be a big threat to lives in the ocean.
140:
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151:
is protection and preservation. Plastic wrap can prevent food from perishing, extend its shelf-life, and maintain the quality of food. Plastic wrap generally provides protection for food from three aspects: chemical (gases, moisture, and light), biological (microorganisms, insects and animals), and
221:
A study shows that using recycled plastic materials can reduce the environmental impacts significantly as a result of minimizing exploration, mining and transportation of natural gas and oil. One of the possible ways to increase the recycling rate is adding fibrous reinforcement into plastics. The
217:
on the Earth threatens both wildlife and the environment. Plastic debris might choke or trap wildlife, and it could also penetrate toxic compounds into ecosystems. This land-originated problem has become a problem in ocean ecosystem as well since streams and rivers which are close to the land have
164:
Plastic materials are widely used in the food industry due to their low price and convenience; however, there has been an increased health concern because of the possibility of releasing undesirable chemicals from plastic materials into food products. Plastic packages are made of various materials
80:. Common plastic wrap is roughly 0.0005 inches (12.7 ÎĽm) thick. The trend has been to produce thinner plastic wrap, particularly for household use (where very little stretch is needed), so now the majority of brands on shelves around the world are 8, 9 or 10 ÎĽm thick.
201:. “But as part of the approval process, the FDA considers the amount of a substance expected to migrate into food and the toxicological concerns about the particular chemical.” A couple of cases have caught media attention in recent years. One case is in regard to
533:
GarcĂa Ibarra, VerĂłnica; RodrĂguez
Bernaldo de QuirĂłs, Ana; Paseiro Losada, Perfecto; SendĂłn, Raquel (2018-06-01). "Identification of intentionally and non-intentionally added substances in plastic packaging materials and their migration into food products".
189:
are used. Although the barrier properties of the plastic packages provide protection of foods from external contaminations, the additives and coating materials in the plastic packages are able to penetrate into foods and cause health-related issues.
628:
Marrero, Meghan E.; Keiper, Carol A.; Szoboszlai, Amber I.; Bean, Jessica R.; Hettinger, Annaliese; Gravem, Sarah A.; Mata, Tawny M.; Fontana, Rachel E.; Brander, Susanne M. (2011-10-01). "The
Ecotoxicology of Plastic Marine Debris".
75:
items in containers to keep them fresh over a longer period of time. Plastic wrap, typically sold on rolls in boxes with a cutting edge, clings to many smooth surfaces and can thus remain tight over the opening of a container without
222:
environmental impact has been assessed using the life cycle assessment method. The results showed that plastics with fibrous reinforcement added can sharply reduce resource usage and global warming in civil applications.
455:
3253:
92:(PVC), which remains the most common component globally. PVC has an acceptably-low permeability to water vapor and oxygen, helping to preserve the freshness of food. There are concerns about the transfer of
185:, are added into plastic materials in order to improve the quality and properties of the plastics. Besides, plastic materials are often coated and printed in the final processes, in which inks and
672:
Rajendran, Saravanan; Scelsi, Lino; Hodzic, Alma; Soutis, Constantinos; Al-Maadeed, Mariam A. (March 2012). "Environmental impact assessment of composites containing recycled plastics".
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This article is about a plastic layer used for short-term preservation of domestic foods. For a plastic wrap often used in bulk packaging, see
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193:"It is true that substances used to make plastics can leach into food," says Edward Machuga, Ph.D., a consumer safety officer in the
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was made of various kinds of rubber chloride. Used in the middle of the 20th century, it could be heat-sealed.
156:, tag food information, ease the distribution processes, and increase product visibility and microwavability.
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physical (mechanical damage). In addition to food protection and preservation, plastic wrap can also reduce
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McCall, Emma M.; Alderdice, Fiona; Halliday, Henry L.; Vohra, Sunita; Johnston, Linda (February 2018).
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701:"Interventions to Prevent Hypothermia at Birth in Preterm and/or Low Birth Weight Infants"
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409:"Tensile properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blown films"
811:
757:"Plastic wraps or bags keep pre-term infants warm immediately after birth"
165:
such as polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, etc. Additives, including
3179:
2219:
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wrap, have switched to other formulations due to environmental concerns.
107:(LDPE). It is less adhesive than PVC, but this can be remedied by adding
97:
77:
448:"CEO Explains Why SC Johnson Made Saran Wrap Less Sticky, Hurting Sales"
3307:
3184:
3156:
3085:
2987:
2709:
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1958:
1953:
1902:
1612:
1360:
1215:
186:
424:
282:, plastic wrap used in large-scale industrial and commercial packaging
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30:
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72:
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118:
In the US and Japan, plastic wrap is sometimes produced using
822:
2448:
478:"Food Packaging—Roles, Materials, and Environmental Issues"
235:
in plastic wrap immediately after birth may help prevent
407:
Krishnaswamy, Rajendra K.; Lamborn, Mark J. (2000).
3278:
3241:
3198:
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3117:
3084:
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2948:
2893:
2838:
2831:
2743:
2702:
2659:
2486:
2328:
2147:
1916:
1546:
1191:
978:
860:
327:"FAQs: Microwave, Dishwasher & Freezer Q&A"
355:Food: The Chemistry of its Components: 6th Edition
890:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
147:The most important role plastic wrap plays in
2971:
2464:
838:
8:
199:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
2024:Hazard analysis and critical control points
705:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2978:
2964:
2956:
2835:
2471:
2457:
2449:
845:
831:
823:
231:Some studies have suggested that wrapping
1934:Automatic identification and data capture
732:
493:
111:(LLDPE), which also increases the film's
103:A common, cheaper alternative to PVC is
88:Plastic wrap was initially created from
297:
16:Thin plastic film used for sealing food
2561:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
536:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
476:Marsh, Kenneth; Bugusu, Betty (2007).
2501:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
2496:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
674:Resources, Conservation and Recycling
333:from the original on 23 February 2011
7:
3313:List of environmental health hazards
3233:List of environmental health hazards
1336:Flexible intermediate bulk container
122:(PVdC), though some brands, such as
3118:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
2320:Vertical form fill sealing machine
14:
2290:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
1138:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
413:Polymer Engineering & Science
2650:
2644:
2536:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
2511:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
2434:
2433:
2260:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
810:
495:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00301.x
372:from the original on 2016-04-28.
2516:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
1994:Electronic article surveillance
1848:Shock and vibration data logger
1693:Linear low-density polyethylene
686:10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.11.006
458:from the original on 2017-06-20
306:"Dow Saran Wrap 3 Plastic Film"
109:linear low-density polyethylene
2879:Category:Plastics applications
2626:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
2621:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
2606:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
2099:Radio-frequency identification
783:"Burns and scalds - Treatment"
717:10.1002/14651858.CD004210.pub5
358:. Royal Society of Chemistry.
1:
2586:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
2210:Extended core stretch wrapper
1163:Single-serve coffee container
384:"Pliofilm | Encyclopedia.com"
143:Bread wrapped in plastic wrap
3303:Persistent organic pollutant
3264:Toxic Substances Control Act
3223:Persistent organic pollutant
2506:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
1366:Insulated shipping container
631:The American Biology Teacher
587:"Plastics and the Microwave"
352:Coultate, Tom (2015-08-17).
241:neonatal intensive care unit
3296:Great Pacific garbage patch
3218:Great Pacific garbage patch
2631:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
2546:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
2255:Material-handling equipment
2139:Verification and validation
1371:Intermediate bulk container
1153:Self-heating food packaging
71:typically used for sealing
3388:
3259:Japan Toxic Substances Law
3054:Miscellaneous plasticizers
1898:Time temperature indicator
585:Meadows, Michelle (2002).
246:Plastic wrap is used as a
18:
3355:Food preparation utensils
3333:
3254:European REACH regulation
3249:California Proposition 65
2992:polyhalogenated compounds
2869:High-performance plastics
2694:High-performance plastics
2642:
2431:
2353:Environmental engineering
2315:Turntable stretch wrapper
2245:Lineshaft roller conveyor
2235:Injection molding machine
1173:Toothpaste pump dispenser
1033:Disposable food packaging
875:Child-resistant packaging
548:10.1007/s00216-018-1058-y
2679:Fibre-reinforced plastic
2616:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
2240:Label printer applicator
2109:Shearing (manufacturing)
1708:Low-density polyethylene
1128:Pharmaceutical packaging
1098:Low plastic water bottle
988:Alternative wine closure
105:low-density polyethylene
2730:Biodegradable additives
2270:Orbital stretch wrapper
1893:Temperature data logger
1813:Pressure-sensitive tape
1673:Humidity indicator card
1201:Aerosol spray dispenser
643:10.1525/abt.2011.73.8.9
482:Journal of Food Science
120:polyvinylidene chloride
3145:Perfluorooctanoic acid
2581:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
2576:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
2521:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
1989:Die forming (plastics)
1698:Liquid packaging board
1401:Multilayered packaging
1133:Plastic milk container
1113:Optical disc packaging
603:10.1037/e542632006-006
239:before arrival to the
209:Environmental concerns
144:
35:
34:A roll of plastic wrap
3370:Plastics applications
3325:Biodegradable plastic
2674:Thermosetting polymer
2571:Polylactic acid (PLA)
2418:Sustainable packaging
2368:Life-cycle assessment
2348:Closed-loop box reuse
2295:Seed-counting machine
1628:Corrugated fiberboard
1578:Biodegradable plastic
1301:Corrugated box design
955:Sustainable packaging
945:Shelf-ready packaging
920:Packaging engineering
142:
33:
3336:Identification codes
2936:Foam food containers
2859:Engineering plastics
2388:PET bottle recycling
2250:Logistics automation
1778:Plastic-coated paper
925:Resealable packaging
819:at Wikimedia Commons
769:10.3310/signal-00596
388:www.encyclopedia.com
329:. 20 November 2014.
213:The accumulation of
203:diethylhexyl adipate
96:from PVC into food.
3365:Packaging materials
3175:Endocrine disruptor
2773:Compression molding
2725:Polymer stabilizers
2440:Category: Packaging
2275:Packaging machinery
2084:Product development
1883:Tamper-evident band
1723:Modified atmosphere
1063:Foam food container
3190:Polymer fume fever
2849:Commodity plastics
2823:Rotational molding
2793:Fiberglass molding
2753:Injection moulding
2735:Filler (materials)
2684:Corrugated plastic
2636:Tritan copolyester
2591:Polypropylene (PP)
2541:Polycarbonate (PC)
2403:Reusable packaging
2363:Industrial ecology
2124:Ultrasonic welding
2089:Production control
2039:Injection moulding
1924:Aseptic processing
1633:Corrugated plastic
1503:Steel and tin cans
1473:Shipping container
1411:Packet (container)
1148:Seasonal packaging
1048:Evidence packaging
1028:Currency packaging
1023:Cosmetic packaging
930:Reusable packaging
145:
90:polyvinyl chloride
36:
3342:
3341:
3320:Plastic recycling
3286:Plastic pollution
3272:
3271:
3206:Plastic pollution
2986:Health issues of
2944:
2943:
2840:Plastics industry
2758:Plastic extrusion
2611:Polyurethane (PU)
2601:Polysulfone (PES)
2556:Polyethylene (PE)
2531:Polybutylene (PB)
2446:
2445:
2408:Reverse logistics
2393:Plastic recycling
2265:Multihead weigher
2185:Cartoning machine
2180:Cap torque tester
2094:Quality assurance
2069:Plastic extrusion
2034:Induction sealing
2004:Extrusion coating
1863:Staple (fastener)
1833:Security printing
1668:Hot-melt adhesive
1241:Biodegradable bag
1083:Glass milk bottle
965:Tamper resistance
905:Package pilferage
880:Contract packager
815:Media related to
542:(16): 3789–3803.
425:10.1002/pen.11370
419:(11): 2385–2396.
3377:
3211:Rubber pollution
3061:Organophosphates
2980:
2973:
2966:
2957:
2836:
2808:Filament winding
2783:Transfer molding
2710:Polymer additive
2654:
2648:
2596:Polystyrene (PS)
2473:
2466:
2459:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2423:Waste management
2413:Source reduction
2230:Industrial robot
2134:Vacuum packaging
2059:Package tracking
2014:Glass production
1974:Corona treatment
1964:Containerization
1828:Screw cap (wine)
1743:Oxygen scavenger
1206:Aluminium bottle
1158:Screw cap (wine)
1103:Luxury packaging
935:Reuse of bottles
900:Package delivery
885:Edible packaging
870:Active packaging
847:
840:
833:
824:
814:
798:
797:
795:
794:
779:
773:
772:
753:
747:
746:
736:
696:
690:
689:
669:
663:
662:
625:
619:
618:
613:. Archived from
582:
576:
575:
530:
524:
523:
497:
473:
467:
466:
464:
463:
446:Burke, Michael.
443:
437:
436:
404:
398:
397:
395:
394:
380:
374:
373:
349:
343:
342:
340:
338:
323:
317:
316:
314:
312:
302:
233:premature babies
113:tensile strength
3387:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3329:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3237:
3194:
3151:
3113:
3080:
3049:
2995:
2984:
2950:
2940:
2889:
2827:
2813:Solvent bonding
2803:Plastic welding
2745:
2739:
2698:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2640:
2551:Polyester (PEs)
2488:
2482:
2477:
2447:
2442:
2427:
2383:Paper recycling
2378:Packaging waste
2358:Glass recycling
2330:
2324:
2280:Pallet inverter
2200:Conveyor system
2155:Barcode printer
2143:
2119:Track and trace
2074:Plastic welding
2009:Flame treatment
1979:Curtain coating
1912:
1733:Nonwoven fabric
1718:Metallised film
1623:Container glass
1550:
1548:
1542:
1518:Tub (container)
1416:Padded envelope
1187:
1013:Case-ready meat
980:
974:
910:Package testing
862:
856:
851:
807:
802:
801:
792:
790:
781:
780:
776:
755:
754:
750:
711:(2): CD004210.
698:
697:
693:
671:
670:
666:
627:
626:
622:
617:on 18 Mar 2010.
584:
583:
579:
532:
531:
527:
475:
474:
470:
461:
459:
445:
444:
440:
406:
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366:
351:
350:
346:
336:
334:
325:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
303:
299:
294:
261:
237:low temperature
228:
211:
162:
137:
132:
86:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3347:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3104:Vinyl chloride
3101:
3098:Polycarbonates
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
2997:
2996:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2911:Packaging film
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2894:Specific goods
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2818:Vacuum forming
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2689:Polymeric foam
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Polyimide (PI)
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Polyamide (PA)
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2343:Can collecting
2340:
2338:Biodegradation
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Tape dispenser
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Barcode reader
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Vacuum forming
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:Graphic design
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Blow fill seal
1936:
1931:
1929:Authentication
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Shock detector
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:Pump dispenser
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1788:Plastic pallet
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:Package handle
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:Aluminium foil
1560:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1498:Stand-up pouch
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:Plastic bottle
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:Folding carton
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:Euro container
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1311:Disposable cup
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Antistatic bag
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1073:Fuel container
1070:
1068:Food packaging
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
993:Ammunition box
990:
984:
982:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
962:
960:Tamper-evident
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
858:
857:
852:
850:
849:
842:
835:
827:
821:
820:
806:
805:External links
803:
800:
799:
774:
763:. 2018-05-22.
748:
691:
664:
637:(8): 474–478.
620:
577:
525:
488:(3): R39–R55.
468:
438:
399:
375:
364:
344:
318:
296:
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
283:
277:
272:
267:
265:Aluminium foil
260:
257:
256:
255:
244:
227:
224:
215:plastic debris
210:
207:
161:
160:Health concern
158:
149:food packaging
136:
133:
131:
128:
85:
84:Materials used
82:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3383:
3382:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:Garbage patch
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3157:Health issues
3154:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Shopping bags
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:(Agriculture)
2885:
2884:Plasticulture
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Geosynthetics
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:Thermoforming
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Thermoplastic
2667:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2441:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2300:Shrink tunnel
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Check weigher
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Bottling line
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:Thermoforming
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2104:Roll slitting
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Laser cutting
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Hermetic seal
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Security tape
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Polypropylene
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Packaging gas
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Shipping tube
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Flexible tank
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
983:
977:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
915:Package theft
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:Overpackaging
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
865:
859:
855:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
829:
828:
825:
818:
813:
809:
808:
804:
788:
784:
778:
775:
770:
766:
762:
761:NIHR Evidence
758:
752:
749:
744:
740:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
695:
692:
687:
683:
679:
675:
668:
665:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
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3360:Food storage
3001:Plasticizers
2949:Environment
2901:Blister pack
2854:Construction
2763:Blow molding
2329:Environment,
1944:Blow molding
1873:Stretch wrap
1803:Polyethylene
1793:Plastic wrap
1792:
1783:Plastic film
1768:Paper pallet
1703:Living hinge
1608:Coated paper
1488:Spray bottle
1468:Security bag
1461:Water sachet
1451:Salvage drum
1446:Retort pouch
1351:Glass bottle
1246:Blister pack
1211:Aluminum can
1178:Water bottle
1078:Gas cylinder
1053:Field ration
950:Shelf-stable
791:. Retrieved
789:. 2017-10-19
786:
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615:the original
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591:FDA Consumer
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391:. Retrieved
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378:
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335:. Retrieved
321:
309:. Retrieved
300:
280:Stretch wrap
220:
212:
192:
183:antioxidants
175:UV-absorbers
171:plasticizers
163:
146:
117:
102:
94:plasticizers
87:
69:plastic film
64:
57:
53:
46:
42:
39:Plastic wrap
38:
37:
25:Stretch wrap
3242:Regulations
3094:Bisphenol A
2778:Calendering
2720:Plasticizer
2660:Mechanical
2225:Heat sealer
2190:Case sealer
2064:Papermaking
1984:Die cutting
1949:Calendering
1853:Shrink wrap
1728:Molded pulp
1713:Meat diaper
1678:Kraft paper
1658:Foam peanut
1648:Double seam
1618:Coextrusion
1588:Bubble wrap
1568:Bail handle
1513:Thermal bag
1436:Plastic bag
1251:Boil-in-bag
1183:Wine bottle
1168:Spray paint
1123:Popcorn bag
1118:Oyster pail
1003:Beer bottle
680:: 131–139.
452:Madison.com
337:10 December
311:10 December
226:Medical use
21:Shrink wrap
3349:Categories
3170:Carcinogen
3135:Organotins
3005:Phthalates
2951:and health
2798:Pultrusion
2788:Laminating
2746:processing
2305:Staple gun
2285:Palletizer
2175:Can seamer
2044:Lamination
1969:Converting
1858:Slip sheet
1773:Paperboard
1638:Cushioning
1598:Cellophane
1573:Bioplastic
1551:components
1538:Wooden box
1508:Tetra Brik
1431:Paper sack
1406:Multi-pack
1356:Gunny sack
1226:Bag-in-box
1193:Containers
1058:Flour sack
1043:Egg carton
1018:Coffee bag
998:Banana box
940:Shelf life
817:Cling film
793:2019-10-23
462:2017-06-20
393:2021-01-13
292:References
270:Cellophane
167:lubricants
154:food waste
67:is a thin
54:cling wrap
43:cling film
3199:Pollution
3165:Teratogen
3096:(BPA, in
2744:Plastics
2715:Colorants
2703:Additives
2487:Chemical
2398:Recycling
2205:Drum pump
2148:Machinery
1999:Extrusion
1917:Processes
1888:Tear tape
1878:Susceptor
1868:Strapping
1823:Screw cap
1798:Polyester
1643:Desiccant
1547:Materials
1528:Unit load
1483:Skin pack
1426:Paper bag
1296:Clamshell
1038:Drink can
970:Wrap rage
854:Packaging
725:1469-493X
651:0002-7685
597:(6): 30.
556:1618-2650
504:1750-3841
433:1548-2634
286:Wax paper
248:first aid
187:varnishes
179:colorants
65:food wrap
3180:Diabetes
3086:Monomers
3066:Adipates
2988:plastics
2842:segments
2832:Products
2480:Plastics
2331:post-use
2220:Heat gun
2170:Calender
2079:Printing
1908:Velostat
1903:Tinplate
1738:Overwrap
1663:Gel pack
1653:Flip-top
1558:Adhesive
1493:Squround
1396:Mesh bag
1381:Jerrycan
1326:Envelope
1266:Bulk box
1143:Sand bag
1108:Milk bag
1093:Juicebox
1008:Box wine
981:packages
743:29431872
659:85962092
611:12523298
572:19148865
564:29732500
520:12127364
512:17995809
456:Archived
370:Archived
331:Archived
275:Overwrap
259:See also
130:Food use
98:Pliofilm
78:adhesive
3308:Dioxins
3228:Dioxins
3185:Obesity
2926:Cutlery
2916:Bottles
2054:Molding
1959:Coating
1954:Canning
1613:Coating
1603:Closure
1361:Inhaler
1216:Ampoule
1088:Growler
979:Product
861:General
734:6491068
135:Purpose
3025:(BBzP)
2994:(PHCs)
2906:Chairs
2874:Nurdle
2438:
2373:Litter
2215:Filler
1758:Pallet
1456:Sachet
1321:Endcap
1286:Carton
1281:Carboy
1256:Bottle
1236:Barrel
863:topics
787:NHS.uk
741:
731:
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657:
649:
609:
570:
562:
554:
518:
510:
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362:
181:, and
3279:Waste
3125:PBDEs
3036:(DOP)
2662:types
2489:types
1763:Paper
1683:Label
1583:BoPET
1306:Crate
655:S2CID
568:S2CID
516:S2CID
252:burns
124:Saran
48:Saran
3140:PFCs
3130:PCBs
3106:(in
3070:DEHA
3045:DINP
3040:DIDP
3034:DEHP
3029:DIHP
3013:DIBP
2990:and
2921:Bags
1593:Bung
1533:Vial
1523:Tube
1421:Pail
1316:Drum
1291:Chub
1276:Case
1271:Cage
739:PMID
721:ISSN
709:2018
647:ISSN
607:PMID
560:PMID
552:ISSN
508:PMID
500:ISSN
429:ISSN
360:ISBN
339:2016
313:2016
73:food
61:wrap
59:Glad
50:wrap
23:and
3108:PVC
3075:DOA
3023:BBP
3018:DBP
1688:Lid
1549:and
1391:Keg
1386:Jug
1376:Jar
1261:Box
1231:Bag
765:doi
729:PMC
713:doi
682:doi
639:doi
599:doi
544:doi
540:410
490:doi
421:doi
197:'s
195:FDA
63:or
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