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because such astrophysical plasmas could be directly related to the plasmas studied in laboratories. Many of these phenomena seemingly exhibit an array of complex
143:. Other forms of astrophysical plasmas can be influenced by preexisting weak magnetic fields, whose interactions may only be determined directly by
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It seems to be a natural consequence of our points of view to assume that the whole of space is filled with electrons and flying electric
281:
282:"Study sheds light on turbulence in astrophysical plasmas: Theoretical analysis uncovers new mechanisms in plasma turbulence"
139:, resulting in a variety of dynamic astrophysical phenomena. These phenomena are sometimes observed in spectra due to the
104:
are observed in some stellar astrophysical phenomena, but they are inconsequential in very low-density gaseous media.
735:
415:
378:; Boldyrev, S.; Forest, C.; Sarff, P. (2009). "Understanding of the role of magnetic fields: Galactic perspective".
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Berkowitz, Rachel (April 2018). "Lab experiments mimic the origin and growth of astrophysical magnetic fields".
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and forms a plasma. This process breaks matter into its constituent particles which includes negatively charged
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Nagy, Andrew F.; Balogh, André; Thomas E. Cravens; Mendillo, Michael; Mueller-Woodarg, Ingo (2008).
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Birkeland assumed that most of the mass in the universe should be found in "empty" space.
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NASA Study Using
Cluster Reveals New Insights Into Solar Wind, NASA, Greenbelt, 2012, p.1
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and is commonly observed in space. The accepted view of scientists is that much of the
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76:. These electrically charged particles are susceptible to influences by local
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351:, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "
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714:. New York and Christiania (now Oslo): H. Aschehoug & Co. p.
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Peebles, P. J. E. (1968). "Recombination of the
Primeval Plasma".
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through its evolution throws off electric corpuscles into space.
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When matter becomes sufficiently hot and energetic, it becomes
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112:
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441:"The Solar Physics and Space Plasma Research Centre (SPRC)"
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Chiuderi, C.; Velli, M. (2015). "Particle Orbit Theory".
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Astro2010: The
Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey
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is a large, low-density cloud of partially ionized gas.
197:, the entire universe was in a plasma state prior to
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Plasmas in stars can both generate and interact with
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597:Cade III, William B.; Christina Chan-Park (2015).
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254:"Sneak Preview of Survey Telescope Treasure Trove"
107:Astrophysical plasma is often differentiated from
711:The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition 1902–1903
736:US / Russia Collaboration in Plasma Astrophysics
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147:or other indirect methods. In particular, the
111:, which typically refers to the plasma of the
461:Owens, Mathew J.; Forsyth, Robert J. (2003).
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131:Observing and studying astrophysical plasma
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225:of all kinds. We have assumed that each
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213:predicted that space is filled with
306:. UNITEXT for Physics. p. 17.
348:Compendium of Chemical Terminology
25:
555:Ratcliffe, John Ashworth (1972).
463:"The Heliospheric Magnetic Field"
209:Norwegian explorer and physicist
88:, and weak fields which exist in
127:of the Earth and other planets.
720:out-of-print, full text online.
599:"The Origin of "Space Weather""
467:Living Reviews in Solar Physics
1:
304:Basics of Plasma Astrophysics
171:Scientists are interested in
708:Birkeland, Kristian (1908).
418:. 2006-11-26. Archived from
163:consist of diffuse plasmas.
320:10.1007/978-88-470-5280-2_2
49:. It is studied as part of
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534:. Springer. pp. 1–2.
167:Possible related phenomena
284:. MIT News. December 2017
416:"Space Physics Textbook"
361:10.1351/goldbook.I03183
82:strong fields generated
72:and positively charged
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173:active galactic nuclei
78:electromagnetic fields
61:exists in this state.
35:
675:Astrophysical Journal
157:interplanetary medium
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624:10.1002/2014SW001141
531:Comparative Aeronomy
498:10.12942/lrsp-2013-5
422:on December 18, 2008
217:. He wrote in 1913:
149:intergalactic medium
90:star forming regions
39:Astrophysical plasma
687:1968ApJ...153....1P
652:2018PhT....71d..20B
615:2015SpWea..13...99C
489:2013LRSP...10....5O
402:2009astro2010S.175L
312:2015bps..book.....C
179:behaviors, such as
177:magnetohydrodynamic
153:interstellar medium
18:Plasma astrophysics
211:Kristian Birkeland
100:space. Similarly,
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768:Stellar phenomena
660:10.1063/PT.3.3891
574:978-0-521-08341-6
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329:978-88-470-5280-2
258:ESO Press Release
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261:. Retrieved
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565:CUP Archive
161:solar winds
145:polarimetry
121:ionospheres
747:Categories
447:2018-02-23
443:. MIT News
426:2018-02-23
353:Ionization
288:2018-02-20
263:23 January
240:References
181:turbulence
119:, and the
117:solar wind
609:(2): 99.
515:122870891
507:2367-3648
480:1002.2934
393:0902.3618
195:cosmology
70:electrons
473:(1): 5.
192:Big Bang
59:universe
55:baryonic
683:Bibcode
648:Bibcode
611:Bibcode
485:Bibcode
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386:: 175.
308:Bibcode
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215:plasma
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511:S2CID
475:arXiv
388:arXiv
343:IUPAC
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569:ISBN
536:ISBN
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324:ISBN
265:2014
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