60:
1066:, the ant with which they form a mutualistic relationship. This mutualistic relationship benefits the adult butterfly by reducing the need for parental investment. Once the eggs hatch, the ants chaperone the larvae, averting the attacks of predatory organisms like wasps and spiders as well as parasites. In return, the ants receive a saccharine secretion fortified with amino acids from an eversible gland on the larvae's back. As first instar larvae prepare to pupate, the ants carry the larvae into their nests. Once the larvae become pupae, the ants continue to provide protection against predation and parasitism. The butterfly leaves the nest when it emerges in June.
520:
1139:
1127:
841:
42:
1049:
male. Once she lands, the male flutters around, either in the air before descending or after landing. The female displays a receptive posture by folding her wings after which the male positions himself parallel to the female before bending his abdomen, spreading the valves, and exposing the copulatory apparatus. He proceeds to attach to the copulatory apparatus and the butterflies reorient themselves into the copulatory position. The intermediate aspects of sexual chase depend on the sexual receptiveness of the female to the advances of the male.
333:, but differs in quite a number of details, of which in the various individuals sometimes one sometimes another is more conspicuously developed. On the upperside the blue gloss is deeper, darker, duller, with a slight violet tint and not so far extended to the margin, the latter being broader and appearing blacker; the row of dark submarginal dots which occasionally appear on the hindwing above in both species, therefore stands always in the black border in argus. On the underside both sexes of
81:
1115:
551:, as evidenced by the color of their wings. This eventually acts as an important visual cue when searching for suitable mates. Experiments have shown that species that have overlapping habitat distribution and are of similar color (according to the human eye) have distinct absorbance values within the UV range. This shows that the UV range colors are important for butterflies when recognizing members of its own species.
1103:
737:
1530:
364:
Bell., on the other hand, is a form which flies regularly in the mountains of
Corsica and differs in the ocelli of the underside bearing pupils of the ground-colour and having larger borders, which almost form pale rings on a grey-brown ground. This form occurs as an exception everywhere, having been
686:
tend to be very sedentary, only moving around 20 metres (66 ft) every day. For this reason, the butterflies colonize on discrete territory and patches of land. Some butterflies, though, disperse and move over a kilometer between colonies. This is rare, however, as these butterflies tend to form
380:
Rbr. (78 d, ground-colour too dull), from the most southern very sunny districts of Europe (Ionian
Islands, Greece, Andalusia); underside rather pale, the black eye-dots small and placed in large pale halos, before the margin a row of bright red spots. Similar individuals are occasionally also found
645:
use shrubs for roosting, resting, basking, mate location, and shelter and for this reason, they tend to be found in higher numbers close to locations that are dense in shrubs. Most of the population gathers around these shrubs during weather that is colder, cloudy, and windier. When the weather is
1048:
When a male detects a female sitting quiescently, he flies towards the female. As he approaches the female, he flutters his wings in broad sweeping movements and she raises her abdomen while vibrating her half-open wings in a mate refusal posture. The female then flies away and is followed by the
300:
have royal blue wings with a black border, white, wispy fringe, and metallic silver spots on the hindwings as well as spurs on their front legs. Females of this species are generally brown and more subdued in color, but also have the metallic spots on the hindwings. The undersides of the male and
509:
Mayr. The larva as well as the chrysalis are found in the nests of this ant. Pupa elongate, green with red dorsal line; abdomen above yellowish green. The butterflies are on the wing in May and again from July onwards, but are said to have only one brood in the north. They are common everywhere,
600:
that is able to form a landscape with the patches of bare ground. This is characteristic of heathland at an early stage of development. This environment is suitable until the point at which the shrubs native to the environment mature and obscure the bare ground and vegetation margins that the
1082:
has undergone habitat loss and fragmentation in the United
Kingdom due to the development of industrial agriculture, new forestry practices, and landscape development. Additionally, the percentage of heathland has decreased by over fifty percent in the United Kingdom, greatly affecting the
400:
beneath, but is very dark above, with very thin red-yellow submarginal spots on the upperside of the hindwing, which are unfortunately not visible in our figure 78 d, the hindwing beneath bearing paler marginal spots; from the shores of the Black Sea, Armenia and Persia.
865:
adults emerge in the end of June and beginning of July and engage in flight into the beginning of August. In these butterflies, there is a sex difference in emergence, with males emerging four to nine days earlier than females. As colony size increases,
870:
are temporally recorded earlier in the year. Additionally, as colony size increases, female emergence happens over a greater range of time and there is a greater discrepancy between emergence of the males and emergence of the females.
612:. This host plant grows alongside other grasses, sedges, and rushes. While the main disturbance to heathland is quarrying, mossland faces peat digging which contributes to the transient and shifting nature of this particular habitat.
1083:
butterflies for which this was a primary habitat. The heathland that remained was reduced in quality due to shifting environmental influences. Rabbits helped keep vegetation short through grazing which was conducive to habitation by
388:
Leech (78 d), from the north-island of Japan; its underside resembles hypochiona in its light pure ground-colour, but bears abundant and prominent black spots. Above the marginal spots of the hindwing are especially very distinct.
514:
I found in large numbers in Valais below
Zermatt towards evening in stony localities where they were at rest in small bushes; I counted 38 sleeping specimens in a small thornbush, all having the small size of the form of that
455:, with the black margin narrower, the white fringes thinner, and the black distal marginal spots of the hindwing above smaller, female very feebly dusted with steel-blue at the base, underside more extended green than in true
650:
spends less time in shrub dense habitats and more time in flight and finding host plants in areas rich in calcareous heath. These areas tend to be on exposed hillsides. For this reason, it often appears that the habitat of
853:
Larvae usually spend the day in the nests of the ants. This helps them avoid predation and high temperatures, especially in the hot summer months. They come out at night and climb the host plant in order to feed.
1921:
Dennis, Roger L. H. (2004-03-01). "Just how important are structural elements as habitat components? Indications from a declining lycaenid butterfly with priority conservation status".
1729:
Thomas, C. D.; Glen, S. W. T.; Lewis, O. T.; Hill, J. K.; Blakeley, D. S. (1999-02-01). "Population differentiation and conservation of endemic races: the butterfly, Plebejus argus".
268:
with ants that contribute to the butterflies' reproductive fitness by providing protection from predation and parasitism from the point of egg laying to their emergence as adults.
360:
M.-Durr is frequently found among specimens from the Valais (but not exclusively and not constantly); it is distinguished by a yellowish grey underside and very small ocelli. ab.
283:
maintains a small radius home range. Their habitats lend themselves well to both foraging and egg laying as the host plants are ubiquitous in all three environments they occupy.
1436:
Dennis, Roger L.H.; Sparks, Tim H. (2006). "When is a habitat not a habitat? Dramatic resource use changes under differing weather conditions for the butterfly
Plebejus argus".
365:
obtained by
Standen even in Norway. Females which are nearly as blue above as the males are not very rare in certain localities, especially among the summer-broad, this is ab.
473:— Larva very variable, usually light green with dark dorsal spots, sometimes however grey or dark brown with pale spots. In June and the autumn on various plants, such as
1875:
Lundgren, Lennart; Bergström, Gunnar (1975-12-01). "Wing scents and scent-released phases in the courtship behavior ofLycaeides argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)".
321:
Bgstr.) (78 c). This and the following species have in the anal area of the hindwing beneath on the black submarginal dots situated between the median branches and the
570:
is generally considered to be endangered and extinct in the
Northern United Kingdom and are primarily found in the Southern and Western portions of the United Kingdom.
2132:
1785:"Host plant selection in Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758) and its mutualistic ant. The role of plant architecture (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) (PDF Download Available)"
1246:
Jordano, D.; RodrĂguez, J.; Thomas, C. D.; Haeger, J. Fernández (1992-09-01). "The distribution and density of a lycaenid butterfly in relation to Lasius ants".
2191:
1202:
Ravenscroft, N.O.M. (1990). "The ecology and conservation of the silver-studded blue butterfly
Plebejus argus L. on the sandlings of East Anglia, England".
1091:, caused a significant decline in the population of rabbits and therefore the grass length grew to a point that was no longer conducive to the butterflies.
510:
especially on sandy soil, which also its ant prefers, but is said to noticeably decrease recently in numbers in some districts (e. g. in
England). The form
639:
are created through grazing by other animals as well as by disruption of the habitat by natural disturbance of the stoney topography of this environment.
824:
protect the eggs from predation and parasitism by other organisms. In return, the ants feed on a saccharine secretion produced by glands on the larvae.
2106:
325:
vein some metallic glittering scales which are usually not represented in our figures. The upperside is deep dark blue, with a broad black border,
1677:
Cormont, Anouk; Malinowska, Agnieszka H.; Kostenko, Olga; Radchuk, Victoria; Hemerik, Lia; WallisDeVries, Michiel F.; Verboom, Jana (2011-03-01).
2260:
1138:
238:. It has bright blue wings rimmed in black with white edges and silver spots on its hindwings, lending it the name of the silver-studded blue.
519:
410:
Btlr. )]belongs here; it is unknown to me in nature and was described from one specimen from
Hokkaido; it appears to be a kind of albino of
59:
2265:
1810:"Host plant selection in Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758) and its mutualistic ant. The role of plant architecture (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)"
1155:
874:
The adult butterfly lives only for about 4-5 days, and just a few weeks of rain during the mating season could wipe out entire colonies.
588:
due to burning, cutting, and other disruptions of mature heaths. With these disruptions, the habitat becomes conducive to habitation by
279:, mossland, and limestone grassland. Tending towards a sedentary lifestyle and typically flying less than 20 metres (66 ft) a day,
604:
Mossland, similar in nature to wet heathland, has soil primarily composed of peat which supports one of the families of host plants of
2145:
1679:"Effect of local weather on butterfly flight behaviour, movement, and colonization: significance for dispersal under climate change"
816:. Mothers lay their eggs in locations with strong pheromonal traces from these organisms. From the time of oviposition to hatching,
1126:
566:. In the United Kingdom, the butterfly experienced a severe decline in population during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
2255:
2178:
2250:
1623:
Thomas, C. D. (1985-08-01). "Specializations and polyphagy of Plebejus argus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in North Wales".
2028:
2085:
301:
female butterflies are very similar. They are taupe in color, with rings of black spots along the edge of the wing.
2196:
337:
have nearly always a strongly glittering blue-green dusting at the base of the wings, which is usually absent from
840:
2098:
80:
41:
1783:
Fernández RodrĂguez, Pilar; GutiĂ©rrez, David; Fernandez Haeger, Juan; Jordano Barbudo, Diego (September 2015).
1549:"Variability of the Structural Coloration in Two Butterfly Species with Different Prezygotic Mating Strategies"
396:
H.-Sch. (78 d, e) is placed by Staudinger and Rebel as a variety of argus; it is a small form, which resembles
783:. This fern appears to be preferential for oviposition because they attract ants. In limestone grasslands,
272:
adults emerge at the end of June and beginning of July and engage in flight until the beginning of August.
1971:
623:, are less present in the third environment, limestone grassland. In this environment, the host plants of
2150:
2033:
1848:
175:
1114:
2054:
1738:
1690:
1632:
1560:
1487:
1445:
1377:
1329:
1255:
1211:
837:
The life cycles of Plebejus argus are divided into four main stages: eggs, larvae, pupa, and adults.
755:
lays its eggs differently based on its environment. In heathland, they lay their eggs at the base of
353:, but the size varies considerably according to the altitude of the locality and the various broods.
2009:
1478:
Thomas, C.D.; Harrison, S. (1992). "Spatial Dynamics of a Patchily Distributed Butterfly Species".
1318:"Dispersal of the lycaenid Plebejus argus in response to patches of its mutualist ant Lasius niger"
635:. In limestone grassland, the bare ground and vegetation margins instrumental to the life cycle of
265:
255:
536:
is green with a dark stripe along the length of its body and can reach 1.3 centimeters in length.
1946:
1900:
1762:
1656:
1503:
1409:
1287:
789:
421:
Berce; exceptionally large specimens were obtained by Chapman at Bejar in Spain and named by him
201:
75:
2137:
2245:
2217:
2170:
2041:
1938:
1892:
1829:
1754:
1708:
1648:
1596:
1578:
1401:
1393:
1347:
1279:
1271:
1102:
548:
2160:
779:. In mosslands, the butterflies tend to lay their eggs on the underside of the fronds of the
708:
larvae choose different host plants. The limestone larvae, caernensis, preferentially select
2222:
1930:
1884:
1821:
1746:
1698:
1640:
1586:
1568:
1495:
1453:
1385:
1337:
1263:
1219:
805:
663:
2204:
1368:
Thomas, C. D. (1991-09-01). "Spatial and temporal variability in a butterfly population".
436:, with the black margin dentate and the fringes very bright white; beneath in colour like
1934:
470:
Ebert there appear blue wedge-shaped submarginal spots on the upperside of the hindwing.
341:; but we must add that also the inverse occurs, the blue basal dusting being absent from
1742:
1694:
1636:
1564:
1525:
Die GroĂźschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter
1491:
1449:
1381:
1333:
1259:
1215:
505:
and other plants. Near or upon the larva there is a guard of ants, usually specimens of
2093:
2080:
1750:
1644:
1591:
1548:
1520:
812:
775:
757:
688:
670:
251:
192:
2239:
1784:
1534:
1342:
1317:
1223:
769:
432:
Btlr. from Tokio, which is quite unknown to me, is said to have the lilac colour of
1950:
1904:
1766:
1660:
1547:
Piszter, Gábor; Kertész, Krisztián; Bálint, Zsolt; Biró, László Péter (2016-11-10).
1413:
1291:
2046:
1809:
1062:
716:
714:
species over heathers as a host plant, while heathland larvae select heathers over
710:
736:
662:
density correlates with the densities of nest of the butterflies' mutualist ants,
1573:
1457:
2183:
2119:
2003:
1088:
632:
132:
1703:
1678:
563:
247:
235:
142:
17:
1994:
1942:
1896:
1833:
1758:
1712:
1652:
1582:
1397:
1351:
1275:
2067:
628:
616:
609:
322:
231:
112:
92:
50:
1600:
1405:
1283:
381:
in other districts, e. g. at Digne and according to Jones even in England.
2020:
1988:
620:
406:
152:
68:
1825:
1808:
Fernández, P.; Gutiérrez, D.; Fernández-Haeger, J.; Jordano, D. (2016).
913:
southern Europe, Kazakhstan, Tian-Shan, Tarbagatai, Saur, southern Altai
254:
where the species has experienced a severe decline in population due to
2209:
2111:
1888:
1389:
1267:
780:
762:
2124:
243:
122:
102:
1965:
1507:
658:
In addition to choice of habitat due to host plants and topography,
417:— Very small specimens, as they are found especially in Valais, are
345:
in exceptional cases and strongly marked in argyrognomon. As a rule
2072:
1316:
Seymour, Adrian S.; Gutiérrez, David; Jordano, Diego (2003-10-01).
462:— Sometimes there occurs a basal dot on the underside; this is ab.
523:
Figs 3 larva before last moult, 3a larva after last moult, 3b pupa
518:
276:
1533:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1499:
275:
The butterfly is adaptable to different habitats and is found in
2059:
1969:
804:
Egg guarding primarily occurs through mutualism with the ants
1527:, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren)
581:
resides in heathland, mossland, and limestone grassland.
922:
Asia Minor, Kurdistan, Levant, Caucasus, Armenia, Talysh
1087:, but in the middle of the twentieth century, a virus,
444:, but without the metallic scales on the anal spots.
1978:
940:eastern Altai, Sayan, Transbbaikalia, western Amur
451:Btlr. )], from the north-island, is smaller than
459:and its ocelli smaller. Likewise unknown to me.
308:
615:The hostplants of the first two environments,
8:
1966:
58:
40:
31:
1702:
1590:
1572:
1341:
584:Heathlands are able to meet the needs of
1012:Larche, Basses-Alpes, 1700-2000m, France
839:
735:
1167:
1098:
349:L., moreover, is somewhat smaller than
1916:
1914:
1778:
1776:
646:warm, sunny, and the breeze is still,
250:, but it is most often studied in the
1870:
1868:
1866:
1724:
1722:
1672:
1670:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
7:
2099:6979e7e7-5b44-40b5-9bc5-f18a1aba4e72
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1363:
1361:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1156:List of butterflies of Great Britain
1935:10.1023/B:JICO.0000027496.82631.4b
1814:SHILAP Revista de LepidopterologĂa
1751:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00044.x
1645:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1985.tb00729.x
893:(Denis & SchiffermĂĽller, 1775)
25:
1523:in Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1,
601:butterflies use for oviposition.
1528:
1343:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12331.x
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
655:shifts with weather conditions.
79:
1923:Journal of Insect Conservation
1:
2261:Butterflies described in 1758
1850:Silver-studded Blue in Sussex
1683:Biodiversity and Conservation
678:Home range and territoriality
592:because of the high cover of
1574:10.1371/journal.pone.0165857
1458:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.043
1224:10.1016/0006-3207(90)90060-3
1019:Shirozu & Sibitani, 1943
2266:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1877:Journal of Chemical Ecology
1003:Casayo, north-western Spain
985:Castilla-Leon, BĂ©jar, Spain
958:eastern Amur, Ussuri, Korea
2282:
795:Helianthemum chamaecistus.
1704:10.1007/s10531-010-9960-4
1480:Journal of Animal Ecology
1030:Vigo, north-western Spain
787:lays eggs at the stem of
627:are primarily herbaceous
207:
200:
181:
174:
76:Scientific classification
74:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1060:lays eggs near nests of
920:(Herrich-Schäffer, 1844)
489:, said to occur also on
1438:Biological Conservation
1204:Biological Conservation
728:Adults feed on nectar.
700:Caterpillars and larvae
384:— A very large form is
949:Pamirs-Alai, Tian-Shan
845:
744:
524:
517:
2256:Butterflies of Europe
1853:, The Wildlife Trusts
1625:Ecological Entomology
931:Ural, western Siberia
843:
739:
522:
376:— A constant form is
2094:Fauna Europaea (new)
989:P. a. branuelasensis
562:is found across the
305:Description in Seitz
246:and east across the
242:can be found across
35:Silver-studded blue
27:Species of butterfly
2251:Butterflies of Asia
1826:10.57065/shilap.635
1743:1999AnCon...2...15T
1731:Animal Conservation
1695:2011BiCon..20..483C
1637:1985EcoEn..10..325T
1565:2016PLoSO..1165857P
1492:1992JAnEc..61..437T
1450:2006BCons.129..291D
1382:1991Oecol..87..577T
1334:2003Oikos.103..162S
1260:1992Oecol..91..439J
1216:1990BCons..53...21R
935:P. a. clarasiaticus
902:(Fruhstorfer, 1910)
793:and at the base of
704:Different types of
532:The caterpillar of
329:is very similar to
258:and fragmentation.
222:silver-studded blue
1889:10.1007/BF00988581
1390:10.1007/BF00320423
1268:10.1007/BF00317635
1007:P. a. claraobscura
846:
790:Lotus corniculatus
745:
525:
440:, the spots as in
2233:
2232:
2218:Open Tree of Life
1972:Taxon identifiers
1847:Kalaher, Martin,
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
549:sexual dimorphism
540:Sexual dimorphism
218:
217:
16:(Redirected from
2273:
2226:
2225:
2213:
2212:
2200:
2199:
2187:
2186:
2184:NBNSYS0000005539
2174:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2127:
2115:
2114:
2102:
2101:
2089:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1872:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1726:
1717:
1716:
1706:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1620:
1605:
1604:
1594:
1576:
1559:(11): e0165857.
1544:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1433:
1418:
1417:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1313:
1296:
1295:
1243:
1228:
1227:
1199:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
994:Branuelas, Spain
991:
982:
980:P. a. bejarensis
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
764:Calluna vulgaris
555:Geographic range
466:Mousley. In ab.
187:
84:
83:
62:
44:
32:
21:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2205:Observation.org
2203:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2177:
2169:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2136:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1974:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1874:
1873:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1791:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1622:
1621:
1608:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1529:
1519:
1515:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1435:
1434:
1421:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1315:
1314:
1299:
1245:
1244:
1231:
1201:
1200:
1169:
1164:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1121:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1097:
1077:
1072:
1055:
1046:
1037:(Forster, 1936)
1021:Saishuto, Korea
998:P. a. casaiacus
983:(Chapman, 1902)
976:Villasur, Spain
967:Japan, Sakhalin
962:P. a. micrargus
947:(Forster, 1936)
929:(Forster, 1936)
911:(Forster, 1936)
908:P. a. wolgensis
899:P. a. cleomenes
880:
860:
851:
835:
830:
802:
750:
734:
726:
702:
697:
689:metapopulations
680:
576:
557:
542:
530:
507:Formica cinerea
468:coeruleocuneata
404:— Perhaps also
307:
294:
289:
196:
189:
183:
170:
78:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2214:
2201:
2188:
2175:
2165:
2155:
2142:
2129:
2116:
2103:
2090:
2081:Fauna Europaea
2077:
2064:
2051:
2038:
2025:
2015:
2010:Plebejus argus
2000:
1984:
1982:
1980:Plebejus argus
1976:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1962:External links
1960:
1957:
1956:
1910:
1883:(4): 399–412.
1862:
1839:
1800:
1772:
1718:
1689:(3): 483–503.
1666:
1631:(3): 325–340.
1606:
1539:
1513:
1486:(2): 437–446.
1463:
1444:(3): 291–301.
1419:
1376:(4): 577–580.
1357:
1328:(1): 162–174.
1297:
1254:(3): 439–446.
1229:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1025:P. a. vigensis
1022:
1013:
1010:(Verity, 1931)
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
965:(Butler, 1878)
959:
953:P. a. coreanus
950:
941:
938:(Verity, 1931)
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
879:
876:
859:
856:
850:
847:
834:
831:
829:
826:
813:Lasius alienus
801:
798:
776:Ulex europaeus
758:Erica tetralix
749:
746:
741:Plebeius argus
733:
730:
725:
722:
701:
698:
696:
695:Food resources
693:
679:
676:
671:Lasius alienus
575:
572:
556:
553:
541:
538:
529:
526:
515:neighbourhood.
371:pseudocallarga
306:
303:
293:
290:
288:
285:
252:United Kingdom
234:in the family
227:Plebejus argus
216:
215:
214:
213:
205:
204:
198:
197:
193:Linnaeus, 1758
190:
185:Plebejus argus
179:
178:
172:
171:
164:
162:
158:
157:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
72:
71:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
18:Plebejus argus
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1852:
1851:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:public domain
1526:
1522:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1034:P. a. sultana
1032:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:Chapman, 1907
999:
996:
990:
987:
981:
978:
972:
969:
963:
960:
954:
951:
945:
944:P. a. pamirus
942:
936:
933:
927:
926:P. a. obensis
924:
918:
915:
909:
906:
900:
897:
891:
888:
885:
882:
881:
877:
875:
872:
869:
864:
857:
855:
848:
842:
838:
832:
827:
825:
823:
819:
815:
814:
809:
808:
799:
797:
796:
792:
791:
786:
782:
778:
777:
772:
771:
770:Erica cinerea
766:
765:
760:
759:
754:
747:
742:
738:
732:Parental care
731:
729:
723:
721:
719:
718:
713:
712:
707:
699:
694:
692:
690:
685:
677:
675:
673:
672:
667:
666:
661:
656:
654:
649:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
602:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
573:
571:
569:
565:
561:
554:
552:
550:
546:
539:
537:
535:
527:
521:
516:
513:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
408:
402:
399:
395:
390:
387:
382:
379:
374:
373:Neustetter).
372:
368:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
304:
302:
299:
291:
286:
284:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:
223:
212:
211:Lycaena argus
209:
208:
206:
203:
199:
194:
188:
186:
180:
177:
176:Binomial name
173:
169:
168:
167:P. argus
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
82:
77:
73:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1979:
1929:(1): 37–45.
1926:
1922:
1880:
1876:
1855:, retrieved
1849:
1842:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1792:. Retrieved
1788:
1737:(1): 15–21.
1734:
1730:
1686:
1682:
1628:
1624:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1524:
1516:
1500:10.2307/5334
1483:
1479:
1441:
1437:
1373:
1369:
1325:
1321:
1251:
1247:
1210:(1): 21–36.
1207:
1203:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1075:Habitat loss
1070:Conservation
1063:Lasius niger
1061:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
992:(Tutt, 1909)
988:
979:
974:Agenjo, 1966
970:
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
917:P. a. bellus
916:
907:
898:
889:
883:
873:
867:
862:
861:
852:
836:
828:Life history
821:
817:
811:
807:Lasius niger
806:
803:
800:Egg guarding
794:
788:
784:
781:Bracken Fern
774:
768:
763:
756:
752:
751:
740:
727:
717:Helianthemum
715:
711:Helianthemum
709:
705:
703:
683:
681:
669:
665:Lasius niger
664:
659:
657:
652:
647:
642:
641:
636:
624:
614:
605:
603:
597:
593:
589:
585:
583:
578:
577:
567:
559:
558:
544:
543:
533:
531:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
472:
467:
463:
461:
456:
452:
448:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
427:
422:
418:
416:
411:
405:
403:
397:
393:
391:
385:
383:
377:
375:
370:
367:coerulescens
366:
361:
357:
355:
351:argyrognomon
350:
346:
342:
339:argyrognomon
338:
334:
331:argyrognomon
330:
326:
318:
314:
310:
309:
297:
295:
280:
274:
269:
261:
260:
256:habitat loss
239:
226:
225:
221:
219:
210:
184:
182:
166:
165:
153:
29:
2120:iNaturalist
2004:Wikispecies
1089:Myxomatosis
1016:P. a. seoki
904:Carpathians
890:P. a. aegon
886:Scandinavia
884:P. a. argus
748:Oviposition
633:Leguminosae
631:as well as
621:Leguminosae
598:C. vulgaris
428:— The form
319:argyrotoxus
264:engages in
133:Lepidoptera
2240:Categories
2171:PlebeArgus
1857:2022-12-31
1794:2017-10-03
1162:References
1039:Asia Minor
1028:Tutt, 1909
971:P. a. asur
956:Tutt, 1909
878:Subspecies
833:Life cycle
822:L. alienus
724:Adult diet
596:and short
594:E. cinerea
564:Palearctic
495:Ornithopus
449:pseudaegon
423:bejarensis
407:iburiensis
398:hypochiona
378:hypochiona
287:Appearance
248:Palearctic
236:Lycaenidae
143:Lycaenidae
113:Arthropoda
53:, England
1943:1366-638X
1897:0098-0331
1834:0300-5267
1759:1469-1795
1713:0960-3115
1653:1365-2311
1583:1932-6203
1521:Seitz, A.
1398:0029-8549
1370:Oecologia
1352:1600-0706
1276:0029-8549
1248:Oecologia
1053:Mutualism
629:Cistaceae
617:Ericaceae
610:Ericaceae
479:Trifolium
475:Coronilla
464:unipuncta
430:micrargus
412:insularis
386:insularis
369:Peters (
358:valesiana
323:submedian
317:Schiff.,
277:heathland
266:mutualism
232:butterfly
161:Species:
99:Kingdom:
93:Eukaryota
51:Hampshire
2246:Plebejus
2168:MaBENA:
2146:LepIndex
2138:10618756
2018:BioLib:
1989:Wikidata
1951:27114759
1905:37093578
1767:44647405
1661:86813755
1601:27832120
1553:PLOS ONE
1414:28033599
1406:28313702
1292:24595419
1284:28313554
1150:See also
1085:P. argus
1080:P. argus
1058:P. argus
868:P. argus
863:P. argus
818:L. niger
785:P. argus
753:P. argus
706:P. argus
684:P. argus
660:P. argus
653:P. argus
648:P. argus
643:P. argus
637:P. argus
625:P. argus
606:P. argus
590:P. argus
586:P. argus
579:P. argus
568:P. argus
560:P. argus
547:exhibit
545:P. argus
534:P. argus
499:Fragaria
311:L. argus
298:P. argus
281:P. argus
270:P. argus
262:P. argus
240:P. argus
202:Synonyms
154:Plebejus
139:Family:
109:Phylum:
103:Animalia
89:Domain:
69:Bulgaria
67:Female,
2112:5138561
1995:Q926992
1820:(174).
1739:Bibcode
1691:Bibcode
1633:Bibcode
1592:5104395
1561:Bibcode
1488:Bibcode
1446:Bibcode
1378:Bibcode
1330:Bibcode
1256:Bibcode
1212:Bibcode
1095:Gallery
895:Karelia
574:Habitat
487:Genista
483:Colutea
392:— Also
362:corsica
230:) is a
149:Genus:
129:Order:
123:Insecta
119:Class:
2223:145079
2197:242267
2151:205423
2086:441032
2073:PLEBAR
2060:269119
1949:
1941:
1903:
1895:
1832:
1789:Shilap
1765:
1757:
1711:
1659:
1651:
1599:
1589:
1581:
1506:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1350:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1144:Female
1132:Female
1044:Mating
773:, and
682:Adult
528:Larvae
512:alpina
503:Thymus
485:, and
438:pylaon
419:alpina
356:— ab.
244:Europe
49:Male,
2158:LoB:
2133:IRMNG
2125:57484
2047:4K2C4
2034:28326
2021:51464
1947:S2CID
1901:S2CID
1763:S2CID
1657:S2CID
1504:JSTOR
1410:S2CID
1322:Oikos
1288:S2CID
858:Adult
849:Larva
844:Adult
491:Erica
457:argus
453:argus
442:argus
434:argia
394:bella
347:argus
343:argus
335:argus
327:argus
315:aegon
313:L. (
296:Male
292:Adult
2192:NCBI
2161:4572
2107:GBIF
2068:EPPO
2029:BOLD
1939:ISSN
1893:ISSN
1830:ISSN
1755:ISSN
1709:ISSN
1649:ISSN
1597:PMID
1579:ISSN
1508:5334
1402:PMID
1394:ISSN
1348:ISSN
1280:PMID
1272:ISSN
1120:Male
820:and
810:and
668:and
619:and
220:The
2210:686
2179:NBN
2055:EoL
2042:CoL
1931:doi
1885:doi
1822:doi
1747:doi
1699:doi
1641:doi
1587:PMC
1569:doi
1496:doi
1454:doi
1442:129
1386:doi
1338:doi
1326:103
1264:doi
1220:doi
1108:Egg
743:egg
2242::
2220::
2207::
2194::
2181::
2148::
2135::
2122::
2109::
2096::
2083::
2070::
2057::
2044::
2031::
2006::
1991::
1945:.
1937:.
1925:.
1913:^
1899:.
1891:.
1879:.
1865:^
1828:.
1818:44
1816:.
1812:.
1787:.
1775:^
1761:.
1753:.
1745:.
1733:.
1721:^
1707:.
1697:.
1687:20
1685:.
1681:.
1669:^
1655:.
1647:.
1639:.
1629:10
1627:.
1609:^
1595:.
1585:.
1577:.
1567:.
1557:11
1555:.
1551:.
1502:.
1494:.
1484:61
1482:.
1466:^
1452:.
1440:.
1422:^
1408:.
1400:.
1392:.
1384:.
1374:87
1372:.
1360:^
1346:.
1336:.
1324:.
1320:.
1300:^
1286:.
1278:.
1270:.
1262:.
1252:91
1250:.
1232:^
1218:.
1208:53
1206:.
1170:^
767:,
761:,
720:.
691:.
674:.
608:,
501:,
497:,
493:,
481:,
477:,
447:—
425:.
414:.
1953:.
1933::
1927:8
1907:.
1887::
1881:1
1836:.
1824::
1797:.
1769:.
1749::
1741::
1735:2
1715:.
1701::
1693::
1663:.
1643::
1635::
1603:.
1571::
1563::
1537:.
1510:.
1498::
1490::
1460:.
1456::
1448::
1416:.
1388::
1380::
1354:.
1340::
1332::
1294:.
1266::
1258::
1226:.
1222::
1214::
224:(
195:)
191:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
