Les Misérables - Knowledge (XXG)

992:– A fanatic police inspector in pursuit to recapture Valjean. Born in the prisons to a convict father and a fortune teller mother, he renounces both of them and starts working as a guard in the prison, including one stint as the overseer for the chain gang of which Valjean is part (and here witnesses firsthand Valjean's enormous strength and just what he looks like). Eventually, he joins the police force in Montreuil-sur-Mer. He arrests Fantine and comes into conflict with Valjean/Madeleine, who orders him to release Fantine. Valjean dismisses Javert in front of his squad, and Javert, seeking revenge, reports to the police inspector that he has discovered Jean Valjean. He is told that he must be incorrect, as a man mistakenly believed to be Jean Valjean was just arrested. He requests M. Madeleine to dismiss him in disgrace, for he cannot be less harsh on himself than on others. When the real Jean Valjean turns himself in, Javert is promoted to the Paris police force, where he arrests Valjean and sends him back to prison. After Valjean escapes again, Javert attempts one more arrest in vain. He almost recaptures Valjean at the Gorbeau House when he arrests the Thénardiers and 980:. Convicted for stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister's seven starving children and sent to prison for five years, he is paroled from prison nineteen years later (after four unsuccessful escape attempts added twelve years and fighting back during the second escape attempt added two extra years). Rejected by society for being a former convict, he encounters Bishop Myriel, who turns his life around by showing him mercy and encouraging him to become a new man. While sitting and pondering what Bishop Myriel had said, he puts his shoe on a forty-sou piece dropped by a young wanderer. Valjean threatens the boy with his stick when the boy attempts to rouse him from his reverie and recover his money. He tells a passing priest his name and the name of the boy, which allows the police to charge him with armed robbery – a sentence that, if he were caught again, would return him to prison for life. He assumes a new identity (Monsieur Madeleine) in order to pursue an honest life. He introduces new manufacturing techniques and eventually builds two factories, becoming one of the richest men in the area. By popular acclaim, he is made mayor of 1450:

the 1832 street fighting was caught in the crossfire: "All that he had to protect him from the bullets was the swell of the two half columns which separate the shops; he remained in this delicate situation for nearly half an hour." At one point, he apologizes for intruding—"The author of this book, who regrets the necessity of mentioning himself"—to ask the reader's understanding when he describes "the Paris of his youth ... as though it still existed". This introduces a meditation on memories of past places that his contemporary readers would recognize as a self-portrait written from exile: "You have left a part of your heart, of your blood, of your soul, in those pavements." He describes another occasion when a bullet shot "pierced a brass shaving-dish suspended ... over a hairdresser's shop. This pierced shaving-dish was still to be seen in 1848, in the Rue du Contrat-Social, at the corner of the pillars of the market." As evidence of police double agents at the barricades, he writes, "The author of this book had in his hands, in 1848, the special report on this subject made to the Prefect of Police in 1832."

1016:. Mme. Thénardier spoils her own daughters and abuses Cosette. Fantine finds work at Monsieur Madeleine's factory. Illiterate, she has others write letters to the Thénardiers on her behalf. A female supervisor discovers that she is an unwed mother and dismisses her. To meet the Thénardiers' repeated demands for money, she sells her hair and two front teeth and turns to prostitution. She becomes ill. Valjean learns of her plight when Javert arrests her for attacking a man who called her insulting names and threw snow down her back. He sends her to a hospital. Because her illness has made her so weak, she dies of shock when Javert, confronting Valjean in her hospital room, reveals that Valjean is a convict and has not brought Cosette to her (after the doctor encouraged the incorrect belief that Jean Valjean's recent absence was because he was bringing her daughter to her). 919:

All the other students are killed. Valjean escapes through the sewers, carrying Marius's body. He evades a police patrol and reaches an exit gate but finds it locked. Thénardier emerges from the darkness. Valjean recognizes Thénardier, but Thénardier doesn't recognize Valjean. Thinking Valjean a murderer lugging his victim's corpse, Thénardier offers to open the gate for money. As he searches Valjean's and Marius's pockets, he surreptitiously tears off a piece of Marius's coat so he can determine his identity later. Thénardier takes the thirty francs he finds, opens the gate, and allows Valjean to leave, expecting Valjean's emergence from the sewer to distract the policeman who has been pursuing him.

818:Éponine, now ragged and emaciated, visits Marius at his apartment to beg for money. To impress him, she tries to prove her literacy by reading aloud from a book and by writing "The Cops Are Here" on a sheet of paper. Marius pities her and gives her some money. After Éponine leaves, Marius observes the "Jondrettes" in their apartment through a crack in the wall. Éponine comes in and announces that a philanthropist and his daughter are arriving to visit them. In order to look poorer, Thénardier puts out the fire and breaks a chair. He also orders Azelma to punch out a window pane, which she does, resulting in cutting her hand (as Thénardier had hoped). 878:. He is feeling troubled about seeing Thénardier in the neighbourhood several times. Unexpectedly, a note lands in his lap. It says, "Move Out." He sees a figure running away in the dim light. He goes home, tells Cosette they will be staying at their other house on Rue de l'Homme-Armé, and restates that they will be moving to England. Marius tries to get permission from M. Gillenormand to marry Cosette. His grandfather seems stern and angry but has been longing for Marius's return. When tempers flare, he refuses to consent to the marriage, telling Marius to make Cosette his mistress instead. Insulted, Marius leaves. 588: 984:. He confronts Javert over Fantine's punishment, turns himself in to the police to save another man from prison for life, and rescues Cosette from the Thénardiers. Discovered by Javert in Paris because of his generosity to the poor, he evades capture for the next several years in a convent. He saves Marius from imprisonment and probable death at the barricade, reveals his true identity to Marius and Cosette after their wedding, and is reunited with them just before his death, having kept his promise to the bishop and to Fantine, the image of whom is the last thing he sees before dying. 996:. Later, while working undercover behind the barricade, his identity is discovered. Valjean pretends to execute Javert but releases him. When Javert next encounters Valjean emerging from the sewers, he allows him a brief visit home and then walks off instead of arresting him. Javert cannot reconcile his devotion to the law with his recognition that the lawful course is immoral. After composing a letter to the prefect of police outlining the squalid conditions that occur in prisons and the abuses that prisoners are subjected to, he takes his own life by jumping into the Seine. 1286:– Marius's father and an officer in Napoleon's army. Wounded at Waterloo, Pontmercy erroneously believes M. Thénardier saved his life. He tells Marius of this great debt. He loves Marius, and although M. Gillenormand does not allow him to visit, he continually hides behind a pillar in the church on Sunday so that he can at least look at Marius from a distance. Napoleon made him a baron, but the next regime refuses to recognize his barony or his status as a colonel, instead referring to him only as a commandant. The book usually calls him "the colonel". 858: 907: 3158: 3134: 3110: 3086: 3004: 54: 416:, the battlefield of which Hugo visited in 1861 and where he finished writing the novel. It opens volume 2 with such a change of subject as to seem the beginning of an entirely different work. The fact that this "digression" occupies such a large part of the text demands that it be read in the context of the "overarching structure" discussed above. Hugo draws his own personal conclusions, taking Waterloo to be a pivot point in history but definitely not a victory for the forces of reaction. 923:

Javert agrees. There, Javert tells Valjean he will wait for him in the street, but when Valjean scans the street from the landing window, he finds Javert has gone. Javert walks down the street, realizing that he is caught between his strict belief in the law and the mercy Valjean has shown him. He feels he can no longer give Valjean up to the authorities but cannot ignore his duty to the law either. Unable to cope with this dilemma, Javert commits suicide by throwing himself into the

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inn. Thénardier, hoping to swindle more out of Valjean, runs after them, holding the 1,500 francs, and tells Valjean he wants Cosette back. He informs Valjean that he cannot release Cosette without a note from the child's mother. Valjean hands Thénardier Fantine's letter authorizing the bearer to take Cosette. Thénardier then demands that Valjean pay a thousand crowns, but Valjean and Cosette leave. Thénardier regrets that he did not bring his gun and turns back towards home.

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is a murderer and presents the piece of coat he tore off as evidence. Stunned, Marius recognizes the fabric as part of his own coat and realizes that it was Valjean who rescued him from the barricade. Marius pulls out a fistful of notes and flings it at Thénardier's face. He then confronts Thénardier about his crimes and offers him an immense sum to depart and never return. Thénardier accepts the offer, and he and Azelma travel to America, where he becomes a slave trader.

439: 1357:– An elderly churchwarden and friend of Colonel Pontmercy, who after the Colonel's death befriends his son, Marius, and helps him realize his father loved him. Mabeuf loves plants and books but sells his books and prints in order to pay for a friend's medical care. When Mabeuf finds a purse in his yard, he takes it to the police. After selling his last book, he joins the students in the insurrection. He is shot dead raising the flag atop the barricade. 1369:– Former servant of M. Gillenormand and friend of the Thénardiers. She had been receiving child support payments from M. Gillenormand for her two illegitimate sons, who she claims were fathered by him. When her sons die in an epidemic, she has them replaced with the Thénardiers' two youngest sons so that she can protect her income. The Thénardiers get a portion of the payments. She is incorrectly arrested for involvement in the Gorbeau robbery. 1045:(the Jondrette girl) – The Thénardiers' elder daughter. As a child, she is pampered and spoiled by her parents but ends up a street urchin when she reaches adolescence. She participates in her father's crimes and begging schemes to obtain money. She is blindly in love with Marius. At Marius's request, she finds Valjean and Cosette's house for him and sadly leads him there. She also prevents her father, Patron-Minette, and 695: 1037:– A young law student loosely associated with the Friends of the ABC. He shares the political principles of his father and has a tempestuous relationship with his royalist grandfather, Monsieur Gillenormand. He falls in love with Cosette and fights on the barricades when he believes Valjean has taken her to London. After he and Cosette marry, he recognizes Thénardier as a swindler and pays him to leave France. 1383:– A quartet of bandits who assist in the Thénardiers' ambush of Valjean at the Gorbeau House and the attempted robbery at the Rue Plumet. The gang consists of Montparnasse, Claquesous, Babet, and Gueulemer. Claquesous, who escapes from the carriage transporting him to prison after the Gorbeau robbery, joins the revolution under the guise of "Le Cabuc" and is executed by Enjolras for firing on civilians. 2010: 815:, Marius falls in love with the now grown and beautiful Cosette. The Thénardiers have also moved to Paris and now live in poverty after losing their inn. They live under the surname Jondrette at the Gorbeau House (coincidentally, the same building Valjean and Cosette briefly lived in after leaving the Thénardiers' inn). Marius lives there as well, next door to the Thénardiers. 3364: 1050:

shooting at him; she is mortally wounded as the bullet goes through her hand and her back. As she is dying, she confesses all this to Marius and gives him a letter from Cosette. Her final request to Marius is that once she has passed, he will kiss her on the forehead. He fulfills her request not because of romantic feelings on his part, but out of pity for her hard life.

731:, who mistreat Cosette for playing with their doll. Valjean leaves and returns to give Cosette a present of an expensive new doll, which, after some hesitation, she happily accepts. Éponine and Azelma are envious. Madame Thénardier is furious with Valjean, while her husband makes light of Valjean's behavior, caring only that he pays for his food and lodging. 1421:– The two unnamed youngest sons of the Thénardiers, whom they send to Magnon to replace her two dead sons. Living on the streets, they encounter Gavroche, who is unaware they are his siblings but treats them like they are his brothers. After Gavroche's death, they retrieve bread tossed by a bourgeois man to geese in a fountain at the 1214:– The younger daughter of the Thénardiers. Like her sister, Éponine, she is spoiled as a child and impoverished when older. She abets her father's failed robbery of Valjean. On Marius and Cosette's wedding day, she tails Valjean on her father's orders. She travels to America with her father at the end of the novel. 510:. He went to Toulon to visit the Bagne in 1839 and took extensive notes, though he did not start writing the book until 1845. On one of the pages of his notes about the prison, he wrote in large block letters a possible name for his hero: "JEAN TRÉJEAN". When the book was finally written, Tréjean became Valjean. 338:

of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night—are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless.

1254:– A robber and criminal. He participates in crimes with M. Thénardier and the Patron-Minette gang (such as the Gorbeau robbery and the attempted robbery at the Rue Plumet). The author describes Brujon as being "a sprightly young fellow, very cunning and very adroit, with a flurried and plaintive appearance". 834:

letter to Cosette to return to the apartment, saying they will keep her with them until he delivers the money. After Valjean writes the letter and informs Thénardier of his address, Thénardier sends out Mme. Thénardier to get Cosette. Mme. Thénardier comes back alone and announces the address is a fake.

570:, views contemporary Paris from the point of view of the downtrodden and criminal underclasses who had been little represented in novels up to the time and features the interventions of detectives and the indifference of aristocrats. Although socially progressive in tone, it is more sensationalist than 545:, to tell him about life in convents. He also slipped personal anecdotes into the plot. For instance, Marius and Cosette's wedding night (Part V, Book 6, Chapter 1) takes place on 16 February 1833, which is also the date when Hugo and his lifelong mistress Juliette Drouet made love for the first time. 1449:

with several paragraphs describing the narrator's recent approach to the battlefield: "Last year (1861), on a beautiful May morning, a traveller, the person who is telling this story, was coming from Nivelles ..." The narrator describes how "n observer, a dreamer, the author of this book" during

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Hugo does not give the narrator a name and allows the reader to identify the narrator with the novel's author. The narrator occasionally injects himself into the narrative or reports facts outside the time of the narrative to emphasize that he is recounting historical events, not entirely fiction. He

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and two unnamed younger sons. As innkeepers, they abuse Cosette as a child and extort payment from Fantine for her support, until Valjean takes Cosette away. They become bankrupt and relocate under the name Jondrette to a house in Paris called the Gorbeau House, living in the room next to Marius. The

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Valjean volunteers to execute Javert himself, and Enjolras grants permission. Valjean takes Javert out of sight and then shoots into the air while letting him go. Marius mistakenly believes that Valjean has killed Javert. As the barricade falls, Valjean carries off the injured and unconscious Marius.

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Marius decides to go to the smaller barricade, which he finds empty. As he turns back, the man who took the fatal shot for him earlier calls him by his name. Marius discovers this man is Éponine, dressed in men's clothes. As she lies dying on his knees, she confesses that she was the one who told him

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When Marius arrives at the barricade, the revolution has already started. When he stoops down to pick up a powder keg, a soldier comes up to shoot him. However, a man covers the muzzle of the soldier's gun with his hand. The soldier fires, fatally wounding the man while missing Marius. Meanwhile, the

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Marius overhears Thénardier's plan and goes to Javert to report the crime. Javert gives Marius two pistols and instructs him to fire one into the air if things get dangerous. Marius returns home and waits for Javert and the police to arrive. Thénardier sends Éponine and Azelma outside to look out for

771:, a popular general known for his sympathy towards the working class. Lamarque was a victim of a major cholera epidemic that had ravaged the city, particularly its poor neighborhoods, arousing suspicion that the government had been poisoning wells. The Friends of the ABC are joined by the poor of the 734:

The next morning, Valjean informs the Thénardiers that he wants to take Cosette with him. Madame Thénardier immediately accepts while Thénardier pretends to love Cosette and be concerned for her welfare, reluctant to give her up. Valjean pays the Thénardiers 1,500 francs, and he and Cosette leave the

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Javert comes to see Valjean again. Javert admits that after being forced to free Fantine, he reported him as Valjean to the French authorities. He tells Valjean he realizes he was wrong because the authorities have identified someone else as the real Jean Valjean, have him in custody, and plan to try

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Victor Hugo drew his inspiration from everything he heard and saw, writing it down in his diary. In December 1846, he witnessed an altercation between an old woman scavenging through rubbish and a street urchin who might have been Gavroche. He also informed himself by personal inspection of the Paris

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So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin

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Translator identified as "A.F." Richmond, Virginia, 1863. Published by West and Johnston publishers. The Editor's Preface announces its intention of correcting errors in Wilbour's translation. It said that some passages "exclusively intended for the French readers of the book" were being omitted, as

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announced its forthcoming publication as early as April 1860. Hugo forbade his publishers from summarizing his story and refused to authorize the publication of excerpts in advance of publication. He instructed them to build on his earlier success and suggested this approach: "What Victor H. did for

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daughter of Fantine and Tholomyès. From approximately the age of three to the age of eight, she is beaten and forced to work as a drudge for the Thénardiers. After her mother dies, Valjean ransoms her from the Thénardiers and cares for her as if she were his daughter. Nuns in a Paris convent educate

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Thénardier approaches Marius in disguise, but Marius recognizes him. Thénardier attempts to blackmail Marius with what he knows of Valjean, but in doing so, he inadvertently corrects Marius's misconceptions about Valjean by revealing all the good he has done. He tries to convince Marius that Valjean

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festivities, Valjean is spotted by Thénardier, who then orders Azelma to follow him. After the wedding, Valjean confesses to Marius that he is an ex-convict. Marius is horrified, assumes the worst about Valjean's moral character, and contrives to limit Valjean's time with Cosette. Valjean accedes to

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Marius fulfills her request and goes into a tavern to read the letter. It is from Cosette. He learns Cosette's whereabouts and writes a farewell letter to her. He sends Gavroche to deliver it to her, but Gavroche leaves it with Valjean. Valjean, learning that Cosette's lover is fighting, is at first

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The author also tells the reader that Éponine anonymously threw the note to Valjean. Éponine then tells Marius that she has a letter for him. She also confesses to having obtained the letter the day before, originally not planning to give it to him but deciding to do so for fear he would be angry at

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The following day, the students revolt and erect barricades in the narrow streets of Paris. Gavroche spots Javert and informs Enjolras that he is a spy. When Enjolras confronts Javert about this, he admits his identity and his orders to spy on the students. Enjolras and the other students tie him to

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It is during this time that Valjean manages to free himself. Thénardier decides to kill Valjean. While he and Patron-Minette are about to do so, Marius remembers the scrap of paper that Éponine wrote on earlier. He throws it into the Thénardiers' apartment through the wall crack. Thénardier reads it

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He tries to find a way to save Valjean while not betraying Thénardier. Valjean denies knowing Thénardier and tells him that they have never met. Valjean tries to escape through a window but is subdued and tied up. Thénardier orders Valjean to pay him 200,000 francs. He also orders Valjean to write a

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was very much in love with Félix Tholomyès. His friends, Listolier, Fameuil, and Blachevelle, were also paired with Fantine's friends Dahlia, Zéphine, and Favourite. The men abandon the women, treating their relationships as youthful amusements. Fantine must draw on her own resources to care for her

1335:– Marius's grandfather. A monarchist, he disagrees sharply with Marius on political issues, and they have several arguments. He attempts to keep Marius from being influenced by his father, Colonel Georges Pontmercy. While in perpetual conflict with him over ideas, he holds his grandson in affection. 1322:

in Paris and leader of Fantine's group of seamstress friends (including Zéphine and Dahlia). She is independent and well versed in the ways of the world and had previously been in England. Although she cannot stand Félix Tholomyès's friend Blachevelle and is in love with someone else, she endures a

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After Éponine's release from prison, she finds Marius at "the Field of the Lark" and sadly tells him that she found Cosette's address. She leads him to Valjean and Cosette's house on Rue Plumet, and Marius watches the house for a few days. He and Cosette then finally meet and declare their love for

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The philanthropist and his daughter—actually Valjean and Cosette—enter. Marius immediately recognizes Cosette. After seeing them, Valjean promises to return with rent money for them. After he and Cosette leave, Marius asks Éponine to retrieve her address for him. Éponine, who is in love with Marius

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Valjean and Cosette flee to Paris. Valjean rents new lodgings at the Gorbeau House, where he and Cosette live happily. However, Javert discovers Valjean's lodgings there a few months later. Valjean takes Cosette, and they try to escape from Javert. They soon find shelter in the Petit-Picpus convent

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Fantine is unaware that they are abusing her daughter and using her as forced labor for their inn and continues to try to meet their growing, extortionate, and fictitious demands. She is later fired from her job at Jean Valjean's factory because of the discovery of her daughter, who was born out of

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coin from 12-year-old Petit Gervais and chases the boy away. He quickly repents and panics, searching the city for Gervais. At the same time, his theft is reported to the authorities. Valjean hides as they search for him because if he is apprehended, he will be returned to the galleys for life as a

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In 1841, Hugo saved a prostitute from arrest for assault. He used a short part of his dialogue with the police when recounting Valjean's rescue of Fantine in the novel. On 22 February 1846, when he had begun work on the novel, Hugo witnessed the arrest of a bread thief while a duchess and her child

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After Javert grabs Valjean, Valjean asks for three days to bring Cosette to Fantine, but Javert refuses. Fantine discovers that Cosette is not at the hospital and fretfully asks where she is. Javert orders her to be quiet and then reveals to her Valjean's real identity. Weakened by the severity of

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named Bamatabois harasses Fantine in the street, and she reacts by striking him. Javert arrests Fantine. She begs to be released so that she can provide for her daughter, but Javert sentences her to six months in prison. Valjean (Mayor Madeleine) intervenes and orders Javert to release her. Javert

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I don't know whether it will be read by everyone, but it is meant for everyone. It addresses England as well as Spain, Italy as well as France, Germany as well as Ireland, the republics that harbour slaves as well as empires that have serfs. Social problems go beyond frontiers. Humankind's wounds,

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a pole in the Corinth restaurant. Later that evening, Marius returns to Valjean and Cosette's house on Rue Plumet but finds it no longer occupied. He then hears a voice telling him that his friends are waiting for him at the barricade. Distraught to find Cosette gone, he heeds the voice and goes.

638:. Walking down the street, he sees a man named Fauchelevent pinned under the wheels of a cart. When no one volunteers to lift the cart, even for pay, he decides to rescue Fauchelevent himself. He crawls underneath the cart, manages to lift it, and frees him. The town's police inspector, Inspector 346:

The book which the reader has before him at this moment is, from one end to the other, in its entirety and details ... a progress from evil to good, from injustice to justice, from falsehood to truth, from night to day, from appetite to conscience, from corruption to life; from bestiality to

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Upon exiting, Valjean encounters Javert and requests time to return Marius to his family before surrendering to him. Surprisingly, Javert agrees, assuming that Marius will be dead within minutes. After leaving Marius at his grandfather's house, Valjean asks for a brief visit to his own home, and

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gives him shelter. At night, Valjean runs off with Myriel's silverware. When the police capture Valjean, Myriel pretends that he has given the silverware to Valjean and presses him to take two silver candlesticks as well, as if he had forgotten to take them. The police accept his explanation and

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Even when not turning to other subjects outside his narrative, Hugo sometimes interrupts the straightforward recitation of events, his voice and control of the storyline unconstrained by time and sequence. The novel opens with a statement about the bishop of Digne in 1815 and immediately shifts:

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Waterloo, by cutting short the demolition of European thrones by the sword, had no other effect than to cause the revolutionary work to be continued in another direction. The slashers have finished; it was the turn of the thinkers. The century that Waterloo was intended to arrest has pursued its

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him the next day. Valjean is torn but decides to reveal himself to save the innocent man, whose real name is Champmathieu. He travels to attend the trial and there reveals his true identity. Valjean returns to Montreuil to see Fantine, followed by Javert, who confronts him in her hospital room.

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from robbing the house during one of Marius's visits there to see Cosette. After disguising herself as a boy, she manipulates Marius into going to the barricades, hoping she and Marius will die there together. Wanting to die before him, however, she reaches out her hand to stop a soldier from

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manage to escape from prison with the aid of Gavroche (a rare case of Gavroche helping his family in their criminal activities). One night, during one of Marius's visits with Cosette, the six men attempt to raid Valjean and Cosette's house. However, Éponine, who has been sitting by the gates,

359:, who becomes a force for good in the world but cannot escape his criminal past. The novel is divided into 5 volumes, each divided into several books and subdivided into chapters, for a total of 48 books and 365 chapters. Each chapter is relatively short, commonly no longer than a few pages. 914:

Valjean arrives at the barricade and immediately saves a man's life. He is still uncertain if he wants to protect Marius or kill him. Marius recognizes Valjean at first sight. Enjolras announces that they are almost out of cartridges. When Gavroche goes outside the barricade to collect more

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and conspires to rob Valjean until he is thwarted by Marius. Javert arrests the couple. The wife dies in prison. Her husband attempts to blackmail Marius with his knowledge of Valjean's past, but Marius pays him to leave the country and he becomes a slave trader in the United

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found "neither truth nor greatness" in it. He complained that the characters were crude stereotypes who all "speak very well – but all in the same way". He deemed it an "infantile" effort and brought an end to Hugo's career like "the fall of a god". In a newspaper review,

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As they rush to Valjean's house, Marius tells Cosette that Valjean saved his life at the barricade. They arrive to find Valjean near death and reconcile with him. Valjean tells Cosette her mother's story and name. He dies content and is buried beneath a blank slab in

1312:– A failed businessman whom Valjean (as M. Madeleine) saves from being crushed under a carriage. Valjean gets him a position as gardener at a Paris convent, where Fauchelevent later provides sanctuary for Valjean and Cosette and allows Valjean to pose as his brother. 1248:– An ex-convict from Toulon who knew Valjean there; released one year after Valjean. In 1823, he is serving time in the prison in Arras for an unknown crime. He is the first to claim that Champmathieu is really Valjean. He used to wear knitted, checkered suspenders. 1547:

well as " few scattered sentences reflecting on slavery" because "the absence of a few antislavery paragraphs will hardly be complained of by Southern readers." Because of paper shortages in wartime, the passages omitted became longer with each successive volume.

1991:. The former has been published in an English translation. Javert appears as a hero who survived his suicide attempt and becomes religious; Thénardier returns from America; Marius is unjustly imprisoned. The works were the subject of an unsuccessful lawsuit, 886:

soldiers are closing in. Marius climbs to the top of the barricade, holding a torch in one hand, and a powder keg in the other, and threatens to the soldiers that he will blow up the barricade. After confirming this, the soldiers retreat from the barricade.

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Critical reactions were wide-ranging and often negative. Some critics found the subject matter immoral, others complained of its excessive sentimentality, and others were disquieted by its apparent sympathy with the revolutionaries. L. Gauthier wrote in

642:, who was an adjutant guard at the Bagne of Toulon during Valjean's incarceration, becomes suspicious of the mayor after witnessing this remarkable feat of strength. He has known only one other man, a convict named Jean Valjean, who could accomplish it. 871:

threatens to scream and awaken the whole neighbourhood if the thieves do not leave. Hearing this, they reluctantly retire. Meanwhile, Cosette informs Marius that she and Valjean will be leaving for England in a week, which greatly troubles the pair.

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her about it in the afterlife. After Marius takes the letter, Éponine then asks him to kiss her on the forehead when she is dead, which he promises to do. With her last breath, she confesses that she was "a little bit in love" with him, and dies.

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One critic has called this "the spiritual gateway" to the novel, as its chance encounter of Thénardier and Colonel Pontmercy foreshadows so many of the novel's encounters "blending chance and necessity", a "confrontation of heroism and villainy".

380:

More than a quarter of the novel—by one count 955 of 2,783 pages—is devoted to essays that argue a moral point or display Hugo's encyclopedic knowledge but do not advance the plot, nor even a subplot, a method Hugo used in such other works as

615:—five for stealing bread for his starving sister and her family and fourteen more for numerous escape attempts—is turned away by innkeepers because his yellow passport marks him as a former convict. He sleeps on the street, angry and bitter. 367:

those huge sores that litter the world, do not stop at the blue and red lines drawn on maps. Wherever men go in ignorance or despair, wherever women sell themselves for bread, wherever children lack a book to learn from or a warm hearth,

670:

wedlock. Meanwhile, the Thénardiers' monetary demands continue to grow. In desperation, Fantine sells her hair and two front teeth and resorts to prostitution to pay the Thénardiers. Fantine is slowly dying from an unspecified disease.

830:

the police. When Valjean returns with rent money, Thénardier, with Patron-Minette, ambushes him, revealing his true identity. Marius recognizes Thénardier as the man who saved his father's life at Waterloo and is caught in a dilemma.

468:. Vidocq became the head of an undercover police unit and later founded France's first private detective agency. He was also a businessman and was widely noted for his social engagement and philanthropy. Vidocq also inspired Hugo's " 430:"Although these details in no way essentially concern that which we have to tell..." Only after 14 chapters does Hugo pick up the opening thread again, "In the early days of the month of October, 1815...", to introduce Jean Valjean. 719:, Valjean, at great personal risk, rescues a sailor caught in the ship's rigging. Spectators call for his release. Valjean fakes his death by allowing himself to fall into the ocean. Authorities report him dead and his body lost. 722:

Valjean arrives at Montfermeil on Christmas Eve. He finds Cosette fetching water in the woods alone and walks with her to the inn. He orders a meal and observes how the Thénardiers abuse her while pampering their own daughters,

686:

her illness, she falls back in shock and dies. Valjean goes to Fantine, speaks to her in an inaudible whisper, kisses her hand, and then leaves with Javert. Later, Fantine's body is unceremoniously thrown into a public grave.

739:

with the help of Fauchelevent, the man Valjean once rescued from being crushed under a cart and who has become the convent's gardener. Valjean also becomes a gardener, and Cosette becomes a student at the convent school.

1201:(also Lègle, Laigle, L'Aigle , or Bossuet) – The oldest member of the group. Considered notoriously unlucky, Lesgle begins balding at the age of twenty-five. It is Lesgle who introduces Marius to the Friends. 3779: 930:

Marius slowly recovers from his injuries. As he and Cosette make wedding preparations, Valjean endows them with a fortune of nearly 600,000 francs. As their wedding party winds through Paris during

1156:. A resolute and charismatic youth, he is passionately committed to republican principles and the idea of progress. He and Grantaire are executed by the National Guards after the barricade falls. 485:

In 1828, Vidocq, already pardoned, saved one of the workers in his paper factory by lifting a heavy cart on his shoulders as Valjean does. Hugo's description of Valjean rescuing a sailor on the

1498:

praised Hugo's success in focusing public attention on social problems, though he believed that such propaganda was the opposite of art. In private, he castigated it as "repulsive and inept" (

1529:. New York: Carleton Publishing Company, June 1862. The first English translation. The first volume was available for purchase in New York beginning 7 June 1862. Also New York and London: 800:

views. After the death of his father, Colonel Georges Pontmercy, Marius discovers a note from him instructing his son to provide help to a sergeant named Thénardier who saved his life at

1100:. He briefly takes care of his two younger brothers, unaware they are related to him. He takes part in the barricades and is killed while collecting bullets from dead National Guardsmen. 1176:(also "R") – A drunk with little interest in revolution. Despite his pessimism, he eventually declares himself a believer in the Republic and dies alongside Enjolras, whom he reveres. 2729: 4436: 521:

During the 1832 revolt, Hugo walked the streets of Paris, saw the barricades blocking his way at points, and had to take shelter from gunfire. He participated more directly in the

3813: 1993: 678:

resists, but Valjean prevails. Valjean, feeling responsible because his factory turned her away, promises Fantine that he will bring Cosette to her. He takes her to a hospital.

4563: 2891: 1108:– The Bishop of Digne (full name Charles-François-Bienvenu Myriel, also called Monseigneur Bienvenu) – A kindly old priest promoted to bishop after a chance encounter with 3714: 1881: 1575:. The translator explains in an introduction that he has placed two of the novel's longer digressive passages into appendices and made some minor abridgements in the text. 1505:

The work was a commercial success and has been a popular book ever since it was published. Translated the same year it appeared into several foreign languages, including

1296:

in Paris and member of Fantine's group of seamstress friends along with Favourite and Zéphine. She becomes romantically involved with Félix Tholomyès's friend Listolier.

362:

The novel as a whole is one of the longest ever written, with 655,478 words in the original French. Hugo explained his ambitions for the novel to his Italian publisher:

1458:

The appearance of the novel was a highly anticipated event, as Victor Hugo was considered one of France's foremost poets in the middle of the nineteenth century. The

1435:

in Paris and member of Fantine's group of seamstress friends along with Favourite and Dahlia. She becomes romantically involved with Félix Tholomyès's friend Fameuil.

1012:

was abandoned with a small child by her lover, Félix Tholomyès. Fantine leaves her daughter, Cosette, in the care of the Thénardiers, innkeepers in the village of

2053: 623:

leave. Myriel tells Valjean that his soul has been purchased for God and that he should use money from the silver candlesticks to make an honest man of himself.

2857: 2490:, vol. 1 (Glasgow and New York: George Routledge and Sons, 1887), 49–52. The chapter is title "1841. Origin of Fantine". Behr quotes this passage at length in 3709: 449:

An incident Hugo witnessed in 1829 involved three strangers and a police officer. One of the strangers was a man who had stolen a loaf of bread, similar to

4558: 3399: 1485:

on 17 August 1862, "One cannot read without an unconquerable disgust all the details Monsieur Hugo gives regarding the successful planning of riots." The

4538: 2136: 4553: 4543: 3199: 1721: 1276:– Another lifer from Toulon. He used to be a shepherd from the Pyrenees who became a smuggler. He is described as stupid and has a tattoo on his arm, 259:

In the English-speaking world, the novel is usually referred to by its original French title. However, several alternatives have been used, including

4568: 1341:– Army officer and Marius's cousin. He makes a half-hearted and unsuccessful attempt at supplanting Marius in the affections of their grandfather. 1329:– Daughter of M. Gillenormand, with whom she lives. Her late half sister (M. Gillenormand's daughter from another marriage), was Marius's mother. 453:. The officer was taking him to the coach. The thief also saw the mother and daughter playing with each other, which would be an inspiration for 2786: 2371: 2370:

Guyon, Loïc Pierre (2002). "Un aventurier picaresque au XIXe siècle: Eugène-François Vidocq". In Glaser, Albert; Kleine-Roßbach, Sabine (eds.).

3226: 715:

Valjean escapes, is recaptured, and is sentenced to death. The king commutes his sentence to penal servitude for life. While imprisoned in the

2166: 3847: 3719: 3691: 2475: 2389: 2217: 1934: 1601: 822:

herself, reluctantly agrees. The Thénardiers have also recognized Valjean and Cosette, and vow their revenge. Thénardier enlists the aid of

1610:, 7 November 2013. A new translation of the full work, with a detailed biographical sketch of Victor Hugo's life, a chronology, and notes. 976:(also known as Monsieur Madeleine, Ultime Fauchelevent, Monsieur Leblanc, and Urbain Fabre) – The protagonist of the novel. He was born in 3422: 2643: 956: 1270:, "forced labour for life") by putting his shoulder on a chafing dish full of embers. He is described as a small, wiry but energetic man. 537:

in 1861, by gathering information on some industries, and on working-class people's wages and living standards. He asked his mistresses,

4548: 3681: 3612: 1871: 1856: 4185: 1596:, 3 July 2008. A new translation of the full work, with a detailed biographical sketch of Victor Hugo's life, a chronology, and notes. 890:

to go to the barricade, hoping they would die together. She also confesses to saving his life because she wanted to die before he did.

849:, who stops to run off with Éponine instead of joining in on the robbery). Valjean manages to escape the scene before Javert sees him. 2598: 1615: 1536: 38: 2888: 2079: 1266:– A lifer from Toulon. He and Valjean were chain mates for five years. He once tried to unsuccessfully remove his lifer's brand TFP ( 4593: 4578: 2773: 2577: 2557: 2440: 2416: 2089: 1587: 1572: 1969:

was published in 1995. It continues the story of Cosette and Marius but is more a sequel to the musical than to the original novel.

587: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4417: 3701: 3601: 3578: 3500: 1731: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1627: 1195:– A medical student who has unusual theories about health. He is a hypochondriac and is described as the happiest of the Friends. 249: 1029:

her. She grows up to become very beautiful. She falls in love with Marius Pontmercy and marries him near the novel's conclusion.

804:—in reality, Thénardier was looting corpses and only saved Pontmercy's life by accident; he had called himself a sergeant under 3887: 3686: 3676: 3392: 898:

relieved, but an hour later, he puts on a National Guard uniform, arms himself with a gun and ammunition, and leaves his home.

506: 494: 478: 634:

Six years pass, and Valjean, using the alias Monsieur Madeleine, has become a wealthy factory owner and is appointed mayor of

4588: 4573: 1717: 1713: 227: 3171: 329:

described the novel as "one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world" and remarked that Hugo set forth the purpose of

3744: 3758: 3594: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 1908: 1842: 1828: 1810: 1782: 1759: 1741: 1697: 1667: 838:

and thinks Éponine threw it inside. He, Mme. Thénardier, and Patron-Minette try to escape, only to be stopped by Javert.

4583: 4513: 4508: 3772: 3735: 4234: 4193: 4169: 4161: 1146:– A law student described as the centre of the group of Friends. He is honorable, warm, and Marius's closest companion. 465: 4518: 4335: 4225: 3895: 393:. One biographer noted, "The digressions of genius are easily pardoned". The topics Hugo addresses include cloistered 383: 4081: 3586: 1912: 1796: 253: 31: 2864: 4503: 4463: 3385: 1804: 1393:

boy who drops a coin. Valjean, still a man of criminal mind, places his foot on the coin and refuses to return it.

1112:. After Valjean steals some silver from him, he saves him from being arrested and inspires him to change his ways. 857: 409:

of Paris. The one about convents he titles "Parenthesis" to alert the reader to its irrelevance to the storyline.

4113: 3840: 3606: 1530: 944: 522: 412:

Hugo devotes another 19 chapters (Volume II, Book I) to an account—and meditation on the place in history—of the

3946: 3296: 906: 4603: 4137: 1582:. 3 March 1987. An unabridged edition based on the Wilbour translation with its language modernized. Paperback 1093: 768: 295:, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict 4121: 1405:– Fantine's lover and Cosette's biological father. A wealthy, self-centered student in Paris originally from 4393: 4129: 4010: 3323: 1550: 1025: 597: 4282: 1477:

in Brussels on 30 or 31 March and in Paris on 3 April 1862. The remaining volumes appeared on 15 May 1862.

347:

duty, from hell to heaven, from nothingness to God. The starting point: matter, destination: the soul. The

4598: 4351: 3994: 3978: 1938: 935:

Marius's judgment and his separation from Cosette. Valjean loses the will to live and retires to his bed.

626:

Valjean broods over Myriel's words. When opportunity presents itself, purely out of habit, he steals a 40-

550: 53: 4290: 4266: 4209: 4177: 1121:

A revolutionary student club. In French, the letters "ABC" are pronounced identically to the French word

4453: 4385: 4359: 3235: 2918: 3306: 2250: 1978: 1236:. He is a friend of Félix Tholomyès and becomes romantically involved with Fantine's friend Favourite. 4608: 4476: 4327: 4018: 3833: 2853: 2826: 2790: 2349: 1973: 1763: 1579: 1422: 1399:– A famously truthful nun who cares for Fantine on her sickbed and lies to Javert to protect Valjean. 538: 4274: 1778:. Called "the most memorable film version", it was filmed in East Germany and was overtly political. 1306:. He is a friend of Félix Tholomyès and becomes romantically involved with Fantine's friend Zéphine. 1134:– A dandy and an idler from a peasant background who is well-known around the student cafés of Paris 461:. Hugo imagined the life of the man in jail and the mother and daughter taken away from each other. 4469: 3258: 2648: 2024: 1860: 1701: 1514: 1351:. He is a friend of Félix Tholomyès and becomes romantically involved with Fantine's friend Dahlia. 490: 2754: 489:

draws almost word for word on a Baron La Roncière's letter describing such an incident. Hugo used

4153: 3962: 3919: 3911: 3797: 3490: 3271: 3204: 3180: 2978: 2935: 2831: 1836: 1725: 1540: 1526: 1495: 1446: 801: 748: 592: 413: 389: 233: 4377: 1170:

who taught himself to read and write. He is the only member of the Friends who is not a student.

558:), a serial novel of similar length that enjoyed great success on its appearance in 1842–43, by 438: 4217: 4145: 4042: 3986: 3751: 3346: 3152: 3128: 3104: 3080: 2998: 2806: 2769: 2594: 2573: 2553: 2471: 2436: 2412: 2408:

The First Detective: The Life and Revolutionary Times of Vidocq, Criminal, Spy and Private Eye

2406: 2385: 2213: 2085: 1687: 1611: 1597: 1583: 1568: 1554: 1486: 1432: 1319: 1293: 1009: 1005: 981: 977: 812: 773: 764: 646: 635: 534: 525:, helping to smash barricades and suppress both the popular revolt and its monarchist allies. 515: 303: 3052: 2682: 4448: 4441: 4343: 4097: 3634: 3450: 3353: 2927: 2377: 1875: 1709: 1607: 1593: 1506: 1490: 1033: 789: 442: 307: 156: 2106: 4458: 4242: 3970: 3954: 3871: 3301: 2895: 1962: 1928: 1790: 1745: 1671: 1639:

has been the subject of a large number of adaptations in numerous types of media, such as

1058:(also known as the Jondrettes, M. Fabantou, M. Thénard. Some translations identify her as 716: 612: 542: 501: 394: 222: 2178: 3133: 3085: 3003: 2131: 4105: 4089: 3485: 3475: 3318: 3109: 2615: 1893: 1864: 1832: 1822: 1814: 1786: 1749: 1567:, 1976. A modern British translation later re-published in paperback by Penguin Books, 1510: 1460: 1390: 1379: 1153: 1088:– The unloved middle child and eldest son of the Thénardiers. He lives on his own as a 1076: 1054: 993: 846: 842: 823: 760: 694: 663: 348: 326: 311: 288: 111: 3262: 3157: 17: 4497: 4482: 4401: 4258: 4034: 3805: 3650: 3642: 3626: 3619: 3480: 2719:

La réception des Misérables en 1862 – Max Bach – PMLA, Vol. 77, No. 5 (December 1962)

2031: 2015: 1946: 1924: 1920: 1850: 1800: 1771: 1753: 1705: 1679: 1564: 1104: 1089: 875: 782: 619: 559: 406: 315: 63: 355:

The novel contains various subplots, but the main thread is the story of ex-convict

4061: 3927: 3765: 3430: 2302: 1950: 1942: 1916: 1901: 1818: 1735: 1691: 1560: 1473:". A massive advertising campaign preceded the release of the first two volumes of 1024:(formally Euphrasie, also known as "the Lark", Mademoiselle Lanoire, Ursula) – The 972: 704: 608: 530: 469: 450: 398: 356: 296: 230: 756: 4409: 4002: 3856: 3414: 3377: 3328: 3195: 1897: 1846: 1187: 1183: 1167: 1013: 797: 659: 237: 74: 2546: 1260:– A vagabond who is misidentified as Valjean after being caught stealing apples 3879: 3455: 2381: 2183: 2009: 2005: 1889: 1767: 1675: 1140:– A medical student described as representing the philosophy of the revolution 1063: 1041: 931: 724: 627: 342:

Towards the end of the novel, Hugo explains the work's overarching structure:

514:

watched the scene pitilessly from their coach. He spent several vacations in

497:

during the time in which Valjean encounters Myriel, as the model for Myriel.

4301: 3658: 3465: 1885: 1233: 1163: 763:, a setting contrary to the popular notion that the book is set in the 1789 1323:

relationship with him so she can enjoy the perks of courting a wealthy man.

1186:

with knowledge of Italian, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew and an interest in the

2054:"Victor Hugo's 150-year-old tragedy continues to excite on stage and film" 4026: 3470: 3460: 3371: 1683: 1406: 1220:– An idler who harasses Fantine and later a juror at Champmathieu's trial 1109: 1097: 1084: 1071: 805: 793: 778: 752: 132: 30:

This article is about the novel. For the musical theatre adaptation, see

3145: 3121: 3097: 3073: 2991: 2167:

No, It's Not Actually the French Revolution: Les Misérables and History.

853:

Volume IV: The Idyll in the Rue Plumet and the Epic in the Rue St. Denis

4319: 4201: 3445: 3440: 3029: 2953: 2939: 2207: 2141: 1775: 1303: 1020: 1000: 699: 655: 650: 458: 454: 101: 1409:, he eventually abandons Fantine when their daughter is two years old. 1375:(aka Marguerite de Blemeur) – The prioress of the Petit-Picpus convent 3435: 2209:

The Cry for Justice: An Anthology of the Literature of Social Protest

1517:, it proved popular not only in France but across Europe and abroad. 1348: 988: 639: 302:

Examining the nature of law and grace, the novel elaborates upon the

131:

first published in Belgium, when author was in self-imposed exile in

2931: 3341: 1415:– Valjean and Cosette's servant in Paris. She has a slight stutter. 464:

Valjean's character is loosely based on the life of the ex-convict

924: 905: 856: 693: 674: 604: 586: 437: 402: 292: 241: 240:, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest 2804:

Hyslop, Lois Bee (October 1976). "Baudelaire on Les Misérables".

445:, whose career provided a model for the character of Jean Valjean 4250: 2787:"Letter of G. Flaubert to Madame Roger des Genettes – July 1862" 910:

Valjean in the sewers with the wounded Marius (US edition, 1900)

3829: 3381: 3312: 1062:) – Husband and wife, parents of five children: two daughters, 3825: 2620: 2572:

Rosa, Annette, Introduction to Les Misérables, Laffont, 1985,

1226:– Bishop Myriel's sister. She loves and venerates her brother. 915:

ammunition from the dead National Guardsmen, he is shot dead.

197: 3780:

Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack

188: 3200:"Victor Hugo Can't Rest in Peace, As a Sequel Makes Trouble" 3172:"David Oyelowo, Dominic West, Lily Collins to Star in BBC's 2768:

Goncourt, Edmond et Jules, Journal, Vol. I, Laffont, 1989,

2644:"Enjoy Les Misérables. But please get the history straight" 209: 179: 162: 2240:(NY: Chelsea House, 1988), 155; Vol. 5, Book 1, Chapter 20 841:

He arrests all the Thénardiers and Patron-Minette (except

371:

knocks at the door and says: "open up, I am here for you".

826:, a well-known and feared gang of murderers and robbers. 173: 1242:(called Ma'am Burgon) – Housekeeper of the Gorbeau House 306:, the architecture and urban design of Paris, politics, 845:, who escapes during his transportation to prison, and 792:, has become alienated from his family (especially his 421:

march. That sinister victory was vanquished by liberty.

2179:"BBC News – Bon anniversaire! 25 facts about Les Mis" 176: 167: 2287:(J. B. Lippincott, 1929), Kindle Location 4026, 4189 2161:

Novelist Susanne Alleyn has argued that "the phrase

574:

and does not have the same breadth of moral vision.

206: 203: 191: 185: 159: 4437:

Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale

4429: 4370: 4311: 4071: 4053: 3938: 3863: 3789: 3728: 3700: 3669: 3577: 3499: 3421: 2912:Moore, Olin H. (March 1959). "Some Translations of 1553:. Published 1887, this translation is available at 666:, a corrupt innkeeper and his selfish, cruel wife. 611:, just released from 19 years' imprisonment in the 182: 170: 138: 127: 117: 107: 96: 88: 80: 70: 3334:, scroll down to see the links to the five volumes 2545: 2212:. charlesrivereditors.com Charles Rivers Editors. 1363:– Domestic servant to Bishop Myriel and his sister 500:Hugo had used the departure of prisoners from the 2955:Les Misérables by Victor Hugo – Project Gutenberg 2470:, Académie du Var, Autres Temps Editions (2010), 314:, justice, religion, and the types and nature of 1075:husband associates with a criminal group called 861:Éponine prevents the robbery at Valjean's house. 287:. Beginning in 1815 and culminating in the 1832 3814:Société Plon et autres v. Pierre Hugo et autres 3123:Les Misérables in Concert: The 25th Anniversary 2907: 2905: 2903: 1994:Société Plon et autres v. Pierre Hugo et autres 1662:Notable examples of these adaptations include: 1489:judged the novel artificial and disappointing. 418: 364: 344: 335: 252:for film, television, and the stage, including 3030:"The official source for Broadway Information" 1543:, October 1862. The first British translation. 3841: 3393: 1347:– A wealthy student in Paris originally from 1302:– A wealthy student in Paris originally from 1232:– A wealthy student in Paris originally from 866:one another. Thénardier, Patron-Minette, and 796:grandfather, M. Gillenormand) because of his 8: 2539: 2537: 2081:The Grace of Les Miserables Youth Study Book 1122: 46: 4564:French novels adapted into television shows 3848: 3834: 3826: 3400: 3386: 3378: 3156: 3132: 3108: 3084: 3002: 2616:"Bon anniversaire! 25 facts about Les Mis" 2251:"Read the Ten Longest Novels Ever Written" 2137:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 1469:, he accomplishes for the modern world in 52: 45: 2825:Turner, David Hancock (18 January 2013). 2672:, pp. 198–199; Vol. 2, Book 1, Chapter 1. 1997:, brought by Hugo's great-great-grandson. 1055:Monsieur Thénardier and Madame Thénardier 777:, including the Thénardiers' eldest son, 4298:Œuvres d'enfance et de jeunesse, 1814-20 2976:Radio Programs Scheduled for this Week, 2669: 2319: 874:The next day, Valjean is sitting in the 662:, she leaves Cosette in the care of the 2350:"Les Mis Study Guide – About the Novel" 2309:. New York: Chelsea House. p. 195. 2044: 1008:but moved to Paris as a teenager. This 808:to avoid exposing himself as a robber. 351:at the beginning, the angel at the end. 2331:Alexander Welsh, "Opening and Closing 2232:Alexander Welsh, "Opening and Closing 1766:, with an international cast starring 2755:Les 5 et 6 Juin 1832. L'Evenement et 2642:Haven, Cynthia L (24 December 2012). 2435:(Preface by A. Rosa), Laffont, 1985, 1983:that continue Hugo's story appeared: 1967:Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables 1670:, 4½-hour French version directed by 221: 7: 3015: 2889:Réception des Misérables au Portugal 2707: 2528: 2516: 2491: 2271: 2035:, abridged version in English (1935) 112:A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven & Cie. 3374:(in French, English, & Spanish) 2858:"Réception des Misérables en Grèce" 2734:, Victor Hugo, first edition, 1862" 2507:(Paris: Calman Lévy, 1900), 129–130 2455:The Complete Book of Les Misérables 2373:Abenteurer als Helden der Literatur 1152:– The leader of the Friends in the 4559:Novels adapted into radio programs 2337:Modern Critical Views: Victor Hugo 2307:Modern Critical Views: Victor Hugo 2238:Victor Hugo: Modern Critical Views 2052:Carter, Alice (24 December 2012). 1578:Lee Fahnestock and Norman McAfee. 299:and his experience of redemption. 25: 4539:Novels set in 19th-century France 4170:Les Chansons des rues et des bois 1985:Cosette ou le temps des illusions 4554:French novels adapted into plays 4544:French novels adapted into films 3362: 3170:Otterson, Joe (9 January 2018). 2827:"Les Misérables and Its Critics" 2078:Matt, Rawle (17 December 2019). 2008: 1635:Since its original publication, 548:A template for Hugo's novel was 155: 100:Epic novel, Historical fiction, 4569:Novels adapted into video games 3888:The Last Day of a Condemned Man 2614:Masters, Tim (1 October 2010). 2457:. New York: Arcade. p. 29. 1783:1978 television film adaptation 761:Paris uprising on 5–6 June 1832 755:, are preparing an act of anti- 707:, from the original edition of 479:The Last Day of a Condemned Man 39:Les Misérables (disambiguation) 2966:– via Project Gutenberg. 2468:Le Bagne de Toulon (1748–1873) 2339:(Chelsea House, 1988), 151–152 2285:Victor Hugo: His Life And Work 1972:In 2001, two French novels by 58:Jean Valjean, under the alias 1: 4418:Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo 4262:(1888, 1893, 1897, 1935-1937) 3613:Les Misérables: Shōjo Cosette 3354:Review by Edwin Percy Whipple 1445:introduces his recounting of 507:Le Dernier Jour d'un Condamné 504:in one of his early stories, 474:Le Dernier jour d'un condamné 248:has been popularized through 4226:Les Quatre Vents de l'esprit 3745:Do You Hear the People Sing? 3231:: la suite rejugée en appel" 2411:. New York: Overlook Press. 2301:: Salvation from Below". In 3896:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 3370:public domain audiobook at 2505:Choses vues: nouvelle série 1268:travaux forcés à perpetuité 1067: 1046: 867: 728: 384:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 4625: 4549:Novels adapted into comics 4464:Avenue Victor-Hugo (Paris) 3263:"French Court Says Yes to 2552:. New York: W. W. Norton. 2297:Brombert, Victor (1988). " 1625: 1327:Gillenormand, Mademoiselle 954: 658:. When Fantine arrives at 654:and Tholomyès's daughter, 645:Years earlier in Paris, a 397:, the construction of the 29: 3950:(1820; published in 1863) 2894:29 September 2007 at the 2776:, April 1862, pp. 808–809 2382:10.1007/978-3-476-02877-8 2335:," in Harold Bloom, ed., 2236:", in Harold Bloom, ed., 1531:George Routledge and Sons 1284:Colonel Georges Pontmercy 767:) following the death of 51: 27:1862 novel by Victor Hugo 4594:Novels about revolutions 4579:French historical novels 4138:Les Rayons et les Ombres 4122:Les Chants du crépuscule 4082:Odes et poésies diverses 2591:Victor Hugo: A Biography 2548:Victor Hugo: A Biography 2206:Sinclair, Upton (1915). 1872:2007 TV anime adaptation 1224:(Mlle) Baptistine Myriel 759:civil unrest (i.e., the 4534:Novels set in the 1830s 4529:Novels set in the 1820s 4524:Novels set in the 1810s 4186:L'Art d'être grand-père 4011:Angelo, Tyrant of Padua 3324:Internet Movie Database 2376:(in French). Springer. 1805:Claude-Michel Schönberg 1722:Best Assistant Director 1551:Isabel Florence Hapgood 747:Eight years later, the 523:1848 Paris insurrection 433: 4352:The History of a Crime 4235:La Légende des siècles 4194:La Légende des siècles 4162:La Légende des siècles 4114:Les Feuilles d'automne 3670:Television adaptations 3350:– English translation. 2405:Morton, James (2004). 1935:2018 British TV series 1454:Contemporary reception 1333:Gillenormand, Monsieur 1123: 945:Père Lachaise Cemetery 911: 902:Volume V: Jean Valjean 862: 712: 600: 556:The Mysteries of Paris 466:Eugène François Vidocq 446: 423: 373: 353: 340: 37:. For other uses, see 18:Plot of Les Misérables 4589:Fiction about suicide 4574:Novels by Victor Hugo 4454:Maison de Victor Hugo 4360:Religions et religion 4283:Océan, Tas de pierres 4022:(1836; libretto only) 3729:Songs and soundtracks 3236:Le Nouvel Observateur 3028:The Broadway League. 2919:Modern Language Notes 2589:Robb, Graham (1999). 2544:Robb, Graham (1997). 2453:Behr, Edward (1993). 1732:1937 radio adaptation 1606:Christine Donougher. 1339:Théodule Gillenormand 1092:and sleeps inside an 909: 860: 788:One of the students, 697: 590: 551:Les Mystères de Paris 441: 244:of the 19th century. 4477:La Soeur de la reine 4394:François-Victor Hugo 4130:Les Voix intérieures 3357:The Atlantic Monthly 3259:Van Gelder, Lawrence 2854:Marguerite Yourcenar 2793:on 27 November 2006. 1989:Marius ou le fugitif 1811:1982 film adaptation 1764:Jean-Paul Le Chanois 1760:1958 film adaptation 1742:1952 film adaptation 1712:, and nominated for 1521:English translations 1465:the Gothic world in 250:numerous adaptations 223:[lemizeʁabl] 4584:Novels set in Paris 4514:Fiction set in 1832 4509:Fiction set in 1815 4470:Bust of Victor Hugo 4336:William Shakespeare 4291:Le Verso de la page 4267:Les Années funestes 3261:(1 February 2007). 2649:Stanford University 2322:, pp. 195–197. 2025:Fex urbis lex orbis 1702:Richard Boleslawski 1467:Notre-Dame of Paris 618:Digne's benevolent 491:Bienvenu de Miollis 318:and familial love. 48: 4519:1862 French novels 4154:Les Contemplations 3920:The Man Who Laughs 3912:Toilers of the Sea 3491:Friends of the ABC 3272:The New York Times 3205:The New York Times 2979:The New York Times 2687:The New York Times 2084:. Abingdon Press. 1857:2000 TV miniseries 1837:Jean-Paul Belmondo 1726:8th Academy Awards 1592:Julie Rose. 2007. 1541:Hurst and Blackett 1527:Charles E. Wilbour 1496:Charles Baudelaire 1117:Friends of the ABC 1070:, and three sons, 1004:– She was born in 912: 863: 749:Friends of the ABC 743:Volume III: Marius 713: 690:Volume II: Cosette 601: 447: 414:Battle of Waterloo 390:Toilers of the Sea 269:The Miserable Ones 62:, illustration by 60:Monsieur Madeleine 4491: 4490: 4422: 4414: 4406: 4398: 4390: 4382: 4328:Napoléon le Petit 3823: 3822: 3752:I Dreamed a Dream 3579:Other adaptations 3347:Project Gutenberg 3239:. 30 January 2007 2807:The French Review 2476:978-2-84521-394-4 2391:978-3-476-02877-8 2359:. 15 August 2014. 2219:978-1-247-96345-7 1900:performed at the 1718:Best Film Editing 1602:978-0-09-951113-7 1555:Project Gutenberg 1537:Lascelles Wraxall 1500:immonde et inepte 1487:Goncourt brothers 1423:Luxembourg Garden 1182:(also Jehan) – A 1006:Montreuil-sur-Mer 982:Montreuil-sur-Mer 978:Faverolles, Aisne 813:Luxembourg Garden 774:Cour des miracles 765:French Revolution 636:Montreuil-sur-Mer 631:repeat offender. 583:Volume I: Fantine 516:Montreuil-sur-Mer 493:(1753–1843), the 304:history of France 277:The Wretched Poor 146: 145: 128:Publication place 16:(Redirected from 4616: 4449:Hauteville House 4442:Berne Convention 4420: 4412: 4404: 4396: 4388: 4380: 4344:Actes et Paroles 4210:La Pitié suprême 4178:L'Année terrible 4098:Odes et Ballades 3850: 3843: 3836: 3827: 3809:(1904 sculpture) 3635:Ezhai Padum Padu 3501:Film adaptations 3402: 3395: 3388: 3379: 3366: 3365: 3349: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3006: 2989: 2983: 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2909: 2898: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2869: 2863:. 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Davidson, 2281: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2247: 2241: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2187:. 1 October 2010 2175: 2169: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2132:"Les Misérables" 2128: 2122: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2049: 2018: 2013: 2012: 1982: 1876:Nippon Animation 1861:Gérard Depardieu 1710:Charles Laughton 1608:Penguin Classics 1594:Vintage Classics 1373:Mother Innocente 1361:Magloire, Madame 1127:, "the abased". 1126: 1034:Marius Pontmercy 790:Marius Pontmercy 395:religious orders 333:in the preface: 308:moral philosophy 285:The Dispossessed 234:historical novel 225: 220: 216: 215: 212: 211: 208: 205: 200: 199: 194: 193: 190: 187: 184: 181: 178: 175: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 119:Publication date 56: 49: 21: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4604:Romantic novels 4494: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4459:Juliette Drouet 4425: 4413:(granddaughter) 4378:Léopoldine Hugo 4366: 4331:(1852 pamphlet) 4307: 4243:La Fin de Satan 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4278:(1902, 1941) 4273: 4265: 4257: 4254:(1891, 1941) 4249: 4241: 4233: 4224: 4216: 4208: 4200: 4192: 4184: 4176: 4168: 4160: 4152: 4144: 4136: 4128: 4120: 4112: 4104: 4096: 4088: 4080: 4062:Claude Gueux 4041: 4033: 4025: 4019:La Esmeralda 4017: 4009: 4001: 3993: 3985: 3977: 3969: 3961: 3953: 3945: 3928:Ninety-Three 3926: 3918: 3910: 3903: 3902: 3894: 3886: 3878: 3870: 3812: 3804: 3796: 3778: 3766:One Day More 3737: 3657: 3649: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3618: 3611: 3587: 3431:Jean Valjean 3409: 3408: 3359:. 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ABE Books 2488:Things Seen 2257:31 December 1977: [ 1941:, starring 1915:, starring 1898:Lea Salonga 1884:, starring 1859:, starring 1847:Liam Neeson 1845:, starring 1835:, starring 1785:, starring 1704:, starring 1622:Adaptations 1565:Folio Press 1278:1 Mars 1815 1274:Cochepaille 1230:Blachevelle 1188:Middle Ages 1168:Polonophile 1014:Montfermeil 798:Bonapartist 781:, who is a 664:Thénardiers 660:Montfermeil 376:Digressions 281:The Victims 238:Victor Hugo 81:Illustrator 75:Victor Hugo 4498:Categories 4405:(daughter) 4402:Adèle Hugo 4381:(daughter) 4043:Torquemada 3880:Bug-Jargal 3423:Characters 3265:Misérables 3051:AlloCine, 3018:, 152–153. 2962:15 October 2740:21 January 2357:lesmis.com 2184:BBC Online 2040:References 1890:Norm Lewis 1874:by studio 1768:Jean Gabin 1676:Harry Baur 1539:. London: 1515:Portuguese 1431:– A young 1318:– A young 1292:– A young 1264:Chenildieu 1218:Bamatabois 1144:Courfeyrac 1138:Combeferre 961:characters 951:Characters 932:Mardi Gras 843:Claquesous 560:Eugène Sue 405:, and the 322:Novel form 4302:juvenilia 3759:On My Own 3659:Gnana Oli 3595:2012 film 3466:Grantaire 3278:4 January 3243:4 January 3211:4 January 3016:Behr 1993 2708:Behr 1993 2693:3 January 2529:Behr 1993 2517:Behr 1993 2492:Behr 1993 2272:Behr 1993 2191:1 October 2147:16 August 2111:, Tome I" 1909:2012 film 1886:Alfie Boe 1843:1998 film 1829:1995 film 1698:1935 film 1668:1934 film 1413:Toussaint 1345:Listolier 1316:Favourite 1234:Montauban 1174:Grantaire 1164:fan maker 757:Orléanist 751:, led by 254:a musical 108:Publisher 35:(musical) 4421:(father) 4064:" (1834) 4027:Ruy Blas 3955:Cromwell 3773:Suddenly 3471:Gavroche 3461:Enjolras 3372:LibriVox 3267:Sequels" 2892:Archived 2519:, 29–30. 2494:, 32–36. 2443:, p. IV. 2274:, 39–42. 2116:23 April 2058:Triblive 2002:See also 1902:O2 Arena 1684:Florelle 1649:musicals 1491:Flaubert 1483:Le Monde 1447:Waterloo 1433:grisette 1407:Toulouse 1391:Savoyard 1320:grisette 1294:grisette 1184:Romantic 1150:Enjolras 1124:abaissés 1110:Napoleon 1098:Bastille 1085:Gavroche 1072:Gavroche 1010:grisette 957:List of 806:Napoleon 802:Waterloo 794:royalist 779:Gavroche 769:Lamarque 753:Enjolras 647:grisette 603:In 1815 535:Waterloo 316:romantic 133:Guernsey 89:Language 4320:Le Rhin 4304:, 1964) 4202:Le Pape 3971:Hernani 3798:Fantine 3790:Related 3590:musical 3456:Éponine 3446:Cosette 3441:Fantine 3322:at the 3181:Variety 2940:3040282 2838:14 June 2832:Jacobin 2655:25 June 2627:25 June 2305:(ed.). 2142:Longman 2063:29 June 1957:Sequels 1913:musical 1911:of the 1776:Bourvil 1724:at the 1533:, 1879. 1507:Italian 1429:Zéphine 1304:Limoges 1300:Fameuil 1160:Feuilly 1132:Bahorel 1080:States. 1064:Éponine 1042:Éponine 1021:Cosette 1001:Fantine 811:At the 725:Éponine 700:Cosette 656:Cosette 651:Fantine 593:Fantine 566:, like 459:Cosette 455:Fantine 226:) is a 219:French: 102:Tragedy 4430:Others 4371:Family 4363:(1880) 4355:(1877) 4347:(1875) 4323:(1842) 4294:(1960) 4286:(1942) 4270:(1898) 4246:(1886) 4238:(1883) 4229:(1881) 4221:(1880) 4213:(1879) 4205:(1878) 4189:(1877) 4181:(1872) 4173:(1865) 4157:(1856) 4149:(1853) 4141:(1840) 4133:(1837) 4125:(1835) 4117:(1831) 4109:(1829) 4101:(1828) 4093:(1824) 4085:(1822) 4072:Poetry 4046:(1882) 4038:(1843) 4030:(1838) 4014:(1835) 4006:(1833) 3998:(1833) 3990:(1832) 3982:(1831) 3974:(1830) 3966:(1828) 3958:(1827) 3931:(1874) 3923:(1869) 3915:(1866) 3907:(1862) 3899:(1831) 3891:(1829) 3883:(1826) 3875:(1823) 3864:Novels 3662:(1972) 3654:(1972) 3646:(1955) 3643:Kundan 3638:(1950) 3630:(1950) 3451:Marius 3436:Javert 3155: 3149:(2012) 3131: 3125:(2010) 3107: 3101:(2000) 3083: 3077:(1998) 3032:. 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