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running. Adult males have four prominent vertebral crests: a dorsal crest, a tail crest, one atop the crown of the head, and one between their eyes. These crests form the greater physical distinction between female and male plumed basilisks. The females have only two reduced crests: a tail crest, and head crest. This characteristic is shared with the juveniles if the species.
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of the mother (i.e. age, health, and size). It is common for plumed basilisk females to lay multiple clutches within a given season and this event will occur up to four or five times during a given breeding season. Hatching of eggs occurs over a one to two day period after a gestation and incubation period of eight to ten weeks.
409:(SVL) of 10 inches (25 cm). Including the tail, it can reach 3 feet (91 cm) in total length. Adults are brilliant green, with bright yellow eyes, and small bluish spots along the dorsal ridge. Males have three crests: one on the head, one on the back, and one on the tail, while females have only the head crest.
672:. While they do hunt smaller sized animals such as fish, small mammals (such as rodents), small birds, small nonvenomous snakes, smaller species of lizards, amphibians, and invertebrates (crustaceans, such as freshwater shrimp and crayfish, and spiders), they are most often found in search of insects for their diet.
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start "showing" (become visibly plump) one to two weeks post-fertilization. During the third week of gestation, females will begin to search for a site to burrow or lay approximately 14–17 eggs. Typically, the size and quantity of eggs will vary depending on the lifestyle and physical characteristics
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are an omnivorous species, their diet is inclusive of both meat and vegetation. While meat may be a stretch from their typical consumption, they choose to eat a large variety of insects and worms. While they are capable of consuming vegetation (such as fruits, seeds, flowers, and leaves), it is less
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have been seen to sport only black markings along its dorsal side. The underbelly of this lizard is typically a lighter shade of green than the bright green that is shown throughout its body. Its head is triangular from side view or profile, with openings for ears. These openings are slightly larger
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are aquatic lizards, found in high prevalence and widespread in
Central American inland rivers, streams, ponds, and lakes, in addition to beaches and seashores. This species is unique in that it is both arboreal and aquatic and can be found in large numbers in both trees and perched on boulders near
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The speed at which the plumed basilisk is able to navigate water running is determined largely by each individual’s hindlimb elongation potential. The hindlimb controls the locomotor gait and the stretch of the hindlimb allows for greater surface area and thus a greater velocity. In addition, it is
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mostly have round eyes, round pupils, and yellow irises. Small granular scales comprise the main covering for their skin. The length of the hind legs are longer than the front limbs as the hind legs are used for water running. In addition, their toes are laterally angled and flat to allow for water
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The physical appearance of the plumed basilisk is striking: it sports a bright green color along its body with black and white streaks along its neck and back. Their physical appearance differs by sex, as they are sexually dimorphic; males have a distinct crest on the back and tail and large plumes
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variation in these runs for these lizards - variation that is primarily due to differences in running velocity and not differences in the mass of the lizards running. This kinematic variation is unique to basilisk lizards. For other land lizards, kinematic variations in their running are generally
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actually was observed to start digging holes (sometimes referred to as nests) in the soil six months prior to ovipositing, well ahead of the breeding season. The eggs hatch after eight to ten weeks, at which point they emerge as fully independent lizards, although averaging only 43 mm
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This lizard is extraordinarily territorial and is known for its aggressive behaviour to the extent that multiple male lizards cannot be maintained within the same enclosure. However, they do exist in the wild in large groups that allow for multiple males.
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The green crested or plumed lizard is unique in its ability to run across water with speed and the method it employs to do this. It displays the behaviour as a threat response, when fleeing predators. High speed is maintained in order to prevent sinking.
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is the ability to run across water. Plumed basilisks will employ this behaviour in response to perceived threats experienced from surrounding predators or predatory potential. They use this strategy most commonly when they are in fear or under duress.
306:. Moist lowlands of wet, mature forest, with running streams are their preferred environments. Their habitat is typically hot and humid. Agroforestry systems, with the integration of forest life (trees), is necessary for the preservation of the
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species. While the plumed basilisk is native to southern Mexico and northern
Colombian rainforests, there is evidence to suggest that it occupies land across the Atlantic versant spanning eastern Honduras to western Panama. Additionally,
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were observed presenting herself to the male. The female would position herself about 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) from the male, lowering her forebody to the sand and raising her pelvic region and tail. Females lay five to fifteen
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lag and they are able to run across the water in order to escape their predators. This has earned the plumed basilisk the nickname "Jesus Christ lizard". It is also an excellent swimmer and can stay underwater for up to an hour.
544:). This behaviour may be more advantageous than other responses such as water diving or swimming used by other lizard species, as it allows for escape from other aquatic predators (such as snakes, crocodiles, and large fish).
576:. The mechanisms that allow these lizards to run across water is the result of elongated hind legs with webbing between the toes. This webbing captures pockets of air which allows the basilisk to quickly push off of water.
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run bipedally (applying the use of both hind legs), utilizing both the foot and shank for immersion into water when their limbs are outstretched. Other lizard species utilise similar threat responses (for example,
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or green crested lizard wax worms, calciworms, cockroaches, mealworms, and beetle worms on occasion. This latter selection of worms, roaches, and beetles are not the best suitable for the
644:(1.7 in) SVL (Snout-to-Vent Length) and weighing only about 2 grams (0.071 oz). The juvenile males would start to develop the large crests which are characteristic of the male
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Basilisk lizards are notable for their remarkable ability to scamper across water from the time they are born. Both juvenile and adult basilisk lizards tend to use this unique trait to
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which they use to push themselves forward with their feet which is mostly seen in adult basilisk lizards. The adults have a greater mass than juveniles so there is less
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is a bright green lizard species found with varying streaks of white dark grey, and blue markings along its body. However, some alternative forms or subspecies of
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experienced during the run while simultaneously allowing the lizard’s body to be propelled across the water at an average speed of 1.6 m/s (5.2 ft/s).
500:; a single male may defend a territory that several females inhabit, with which he mates. Plumed basilisks do not tolerate much handling when kept in captivity.
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Xu, Lin Sen; Zhao, Jiang Hai; Li, Bing; Xu, Feng (October 2011). "Designing and
Kinematics Analysis on Running Mechanism of Biped Robot for Water-Running".
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its leg before the cavity closes. This enables the basilisk lizard to minimize its contact with water. Additionally, this running technique reduces the
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is able to run short distances across the water using both its feet and tail for support, an ability shared with other basilisks and the
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is arboreal (preferential to tree landscape for their habitat), and diurnally active (active during the day). Of the three species of
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302:’ habitat is restricted to rainforests that are in close proximity to running streams, such as occur in southern Mexico and northern
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similar. Studies have also indicated that the basilisks hindlimbs act as the primary force producer when they are running on water.
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proposed that the surface area of the lizard’s foot is a considerable factor in gaining speed. This is a unique benefit to the
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587:. This lizard will use its hind leg to penetrate the surface of the water beneath it to create an air-filled cavity and then
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1405:(1865). "On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. With notes on the Herpetology and Ichthyology of Nicaragua and Peru".
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Lattanzio, Matthew S.; LaDuke, Thomas C. (20 September 2012). "Habitat Use and
Activity Budgets of Emerald Basilisks (
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are of the more preferential lizard species to water running and are typically less hesitant to utilize this skill.
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They typically consume brown crickets, black crickets, and locusts. In captivity, some owners choose to feed their
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robots to potentially create man-made technology that could also run on water through similar mechanisms.
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1174:"A Functional Analysis of Morphological Variation and Differential Niche Utilization in Basilisk Lizards"
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is taken from the legendary reptilian creature of
European mythology which could kill with a glance, by
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on top of their heads, while females typically only have a singular, much smaller, crest on their head.
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is able to run across water at a speed of 2.14 m/s (7.0 ft/s) and lesser speed for juvenile
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Providing
Enrichment in Captive Amphibians and Reptiles: Is it important to know their communication?
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Pawley, Ray (January 1972). "Notes on reproduction and behaviour of the Green crested basilisk (
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after six month or up to more than one year, depending on the body conditions of the juveniles.
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The basilisk lizard's remarkable ability to run on water has allowed scientists working with
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560:. While other species of lizards do employ water running behaviours, it has been shown that
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1059:"Three-dimensional hindlimb kinematics of water running in the plumed basilisk lizard (
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diet as they are found to be high in fat and can be difficult to digest for juvenile
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inhabits hot, humid rainforests that contain streams, rivers or other water bodies.
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Although all
Basilisk lizards harness this water-running ability, there is notably
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present in Costa Rica each is found commonly on both versants (borders of land).
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583:, basilisk lizards, which have much more mass, achieve this through alternative
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The plumed basilisk's native range spans southern Mexico and northern
Colombia.
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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1006:"Running on water: Three-dimensional force generation by basilisk lizards"
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is between 31.7 ± 0.5 °C (89.1 ± 0.9 °F).
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have been sighted along the
Pacific coast in southwestern Costa Rica.
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Vaughan, C; Ramirez, O; Herrera, G; Fallas, E; Henderson, R W (2007).
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Banks, Chris B. (1983). "Breeding and Growth of the Plumed Basilisk (
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The plumed basilisk is the largest basilisk species, with an average
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are less conspicuously colored, and lack the characteristic crests.
368:(βασιλίσκος) meaning "little king". This generic name was given in
1110:. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service. pp. 10–13.
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1296:(Squamata: Corytophanidae) in an active Costa Rican cacao farm"
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During the week prior to laying, sexually mature females of
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1271:"River rocks as sleeping perches for Norops oxylophus and
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For the origin of the nickname "Jesus Christ lizard", see
932:"Force Measurement of Basilisk Lizard Running on Water"
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sought out in the wild as opposed to captivity for the
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What Types of Animals Are the Jesus Lizard's Predator?
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907:"Green Basilisk Lizard | National Geographic"
579:While some insects are able to run on water using
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738:. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
1269:Mora, José; Escobar-Anleu, Bárbara (June 2017).
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1407:J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Second Series
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1150:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.130-134.217
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1212:Cover, J.F. (1986). "Life history notes:
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1216:(Crested Green Basilisk Lizard). Food".
1332:British Herpetological Society Bulletin
1275:in the Talamanca Mountains, Costa Rica"
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712:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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49:Male, Alajuela Province, Costa Rica
1644:IUCN Red List least concern species
1361:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1972.tb02303.x
873:Sprackland, Robert George (1992).
25:
1664:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
1416:, new species, pp. 125–127).
1057:Hsieh, S. Tonia (December 2003).
425:than the size of their eyes. The
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1347:) at Brookfield Zoo, Chicago".
1330:) at the Royal Melbourne Zoo".
1292:"Home range and habitat use of
1134:Applied Mechanics and Materials
1067:Journal of Experimental Biology
915:. 11 April 2010. Archived from
837:Mora & Escobar-Anleu (2017)
510:, When running, they create an
416:The green crested basilisk of
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333:The temperature preference of
1:
1118:. SHI : 2013-04-09T18:37:35Z.
775:Lattanzio & LaDuke (2012)
361:. This name derives from the
1240:) in Northeast Costa Rica".
1172:Laerm, Joshua (March 1974).
508:Malaysian sail-finned lizard
1126:Smithsonian Research Online
912:National Geographic Society
618:Reproduction and life cycle
268:. The species is native to
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1659:Reptiles described in 1876
1654:Lizards of Central America
1349:International Zoo Yearbook
1312:10.1163/157075407781268327
496:Male plumed basilisks are
1116:10088/20448?show=full
1016:(48). PNAS: 16784–16788.
489:A plumed basilisk at the
355:turning a person to stone
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100:Scientific classification
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39:
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1384:Image of Plumed Basilisk
1279:Mesoamerican Herpetology
1004:Hsieh, S. Tonia (2004).
639:. One mother lizard in
631:at a time in warm, damp
295:Habitat and distribution
1104:Kuppert, Sarah (2013).
1031:10.1073/pnas.0405736101
491:Milwaukee Public Museum
251:double crested basilisk
63:Female plumed basilisk
1122:PDF download available
706:Basiliscus plumifrons
493:
445:
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341:Taxonomy and etymology
1603:Paleobiology Database
1478:Basiliscus_plumifrons
1464:Basiliscus plumifrons
1434:Basiliscus plumifrons
1414:Basiliscus plumifrons
1345:Basiliscus plumifrons
1328:Basiliscus Plumifrons
1294:Basiliscus plumifrons
1273:Basiliscus plumifrons
1238:Basiliscus plumifrons
1218:Herpetological Review
1214:Basiliscus plumifrons
1166:Behaviour and habitat
1061:Basiliscus plumifrons
919:on February 28, 2021.
787:Vaughan et al. (2007)
734:Basiliscus plumifrons
522:Most distinct to the
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345:The Green basilisk's
242:Basiliscus plumifrons
219:Basiliscus plumifrons
1136:. 130–134: 217–221.
407:snout-to-vent length
401:Male plumed basilisk
1300:Applied Herpetology
1142:2011AMM...130..217X
1022:2004PNAS..10116784H
879:Neptune, New Jersey
357:with its gaze: the
255:Jesus Christ lizard
245:), also called the
70:Conservation status
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403:
257:, is a species of
201:B. plumifrons
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1426:Taxon identifiers
1254:10.1643/CP-11-025
1080:10.1242/jeb.00679
1073:(23): 4363–4377.
930:Sweeney, Andrew.
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330:bodies of water.
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27:Species of lizard
16:(Redirected from
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1377:. Website of
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1525:iNaturalist
1458:Wikispecies
1412:: 93-188. (
612:quadrupedal
498:territorial
393:Description
1649:Basiliscus
1638:Categories
1621:plumifrons
1306:(3): 217.
944:2228198078
691:References
541:A. barkeri
512:air cavity
444:Video Clip
366:basilískos
351:Basiliscus
323:Basiliscus
188:Basiliscus
163:Suborder:
1158:108520193
998:Behaviour
641:captivity
600:kinematic
481:Behaviour
455:predators
449:Predators
411:Juveniles
195:Species:
123:Kingdom:
117:Eukaryota
1543:10367210
1443:Wikidata
1262:86043536
1224:(1): 19.
1089:14581605
1050:15550546
940:ProQuest
936:ProQuest
717:July 14,
467:opossums
461:include
359:Basilisk
304:Colombia
173:Family:
157:Squamata
147:Reptilia
137:Chordata
133:Phylum:
127:Animalia
113:Domain:
90:IUCN 3.1
1517:5221810
1449:Q753071
1403:Cope ED
1230:Habitat
1198:1935228
1178:Ecology
1138:Bibcode
1097:8794444
1018:Bibcode
993:Sources
651:Female
608:bipedal
589:retract
347:generic
261:in the
183:Genus:
167:Iguania
153:Order:
143:Class:
88: (
1608:374622
1569:203046
1556:683025
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475:snakes
473:, and
263:family
259:lizard
253:, or
228:, 1875
1595:97423
1582:52191
1538:IRMNG
1530:33119
1491:5WD9W
1258:S2CID
1194:JSTOR
1154:S2CID
1124:from
1093:S2CID
471:coati
363:Greek
349:name
1577:NCBI
1564:IUCN
1551:ITIS
1512:GBIF
1338:(8).
1336:1983
1246:2012
1206:Diet
1085:PMID
1046:PMID
887:ISBN
719:2018
660:Diet
637:soil
633:sand
629:eggs
610:and
593:drag
453:The
235:The
226:Cope
1499:EoL
1486:CoL
1473:ADW
1357:doi
1308:doi
1250:doi
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1146:doi
1112:hdl
1075:doi
1071:206
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