Knowledge (XXG)

PLUNA

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In September and October 2010, three additional new CRJ900s aircraft were delivered from the Bombardier factory. In April 2011, three options were taken up for delivery at the end of 2011 and these were delivered between September and November 2011. With these additions, PLUNA's fleet consisted of 13
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from Carrasco International Airport, when the right wing grazed the runway, bouncing the aircraft and causing the right tire to burst, then bouncing the aircraft again causing the engine to smash into the ground at almost full throttle, and finally rolling over and coming to rest upside down. A fire
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In 2016, a Uruguayan court concluded that no Leadgate executives were responsible for Pluna's collapse. Two years later, in 2018 a Panamanian-based investment consortium named Caballero Verde S. de R.L. took ownership of LARAH, which still owned 75% of Pluna's shares. The consortium plans to seek
780:—following a strike that started two days earlier, after failing to find new investors for the company. The government announced that both PLUNA's fleet and routes would be auctioned. It seemed there were no plans for the government to have any stake in PLUNA's successor. 264:
The airline was established in September 1936, and started operations the following month, on 19 November 1936. It was set up by Jorge and Alberto Márquez Vaesa, two brothers who had obtained the necessary financial and technical support through the ambassador of the
772:. Despite being initially disclosed that Jazz Air was not interested in taking over the entire 75% stock, and that it was later informed that the Canadian airline was evaluating the acquisition, the government suspended PLUNA's operations on 5 July 2012 824:
As of April 2011, PLUNA linked Uruguay with two destinations in Argentina, one in Chile, one in Paraguay, and eight in Brazil. The following is a list of destinations that were served by PLUNA as part of its scheduled services throughout its history:
40: 768: million, Leadgate disposed of their 75% stake in the airline, transferring it back to the Uruguayan government. By that time, that percentage of PLUNA's stock was owned by LARAH, which was in turn 75% owned by Leadgate and 25% by 799:
as there were no bidders. Cosmo Airlines, a Spanish charter carrier, eventually purchased the seven aircraft at a price of $ 137 million. Regionally, the void created by PLUNA's collapse benefited foreign airlines on some routes.
2437: 887: 716: million in LARAH. The move gave this holding an indirect control of 25% of the Uruguayan flag carrier, as LARAH had a participation of 75% into PLUNA at that time; the Government of Uruguay held the balance. 2067: 424:
were added to the fleet. The Herons only stayed in PLUNA's fleet for a short time and by 1957, they had been sold. The DC-3s remained in service much longer, and in 1971, the last four of them were sold to the
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that would be incorporated into the fleet during 2008 arrived in March that year; these new aircraft permitted increasing frequencies to existing routes, as well as expanding services to new destinations.
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Early last month a Pluna D.H. 86B, flown by the Paraguayan pilot Nudelman, visited Asuncion, partly by way of a survey of the proposed service between Montevideo and Asuncion which may be operated by the
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A Pluna realiza vôos charters do Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Porto Alegre e Curitiba para o Hotel Conrad (Pluna fly charter services for the Conrad Hotel from Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Porto Alegre and
3085: 2888: 2762: 1176: 2642: 1057: 1875: 313:, the latter in honor of the brothers' father. PLUNA flew 2,600 passengers in their first fiscal year, a huge success for that era. It also flew 20,000 pieces of mail and 70,000 newspapers. 2785: 2429: 2093: 3024: 2910: 2142: 2705: 3532: 2199: 2817: 289:). Millington-Drake knew De Havilland's representative in Buenos Aires at the time, which helped in the acquisition of the airline's first aircraft. The airline flew two five-seater 2664: 2526: 3354: 3055: 2945: 2173: 684:
design company Cato Partners. This new image is based on the interpretation of the name "Uruguay" as meaning "river of the painted birds" or "river of the colorful birds" (
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service, ran off the end of the runway at the destination airport on landing. The damage wrote off the aircraft. All 57 passengers and crew survived the incident.
1091: 1040: 2862: 3603: 2500: 1199:, which operates the Montevideo–Madrid–Montevideo route. Under the same codeshare agreement, passengers also connected from Madrid to many destinations within 1074: 340:. The delicate position PLUNA was in at this time led the Uruguayan Government to aid the company by boosting its stake to 85% on 16 October 1944. The first 3081: 650:, Uruguay and Argentina called Leadgate Investment, a subsidiary of Latin American Regional Aviation Holding Corporation (LARAH), that committed to inject 2994: 2884: 2754: 3148:[Pluna confirms the acquisition of three brand new Bombardier CRJ 900 NextGen] (Press release) (in Spanish). PLUNA. 25 April 2011. Archived from 1838: 2732: 2634: 3722: 2260: 1865: 955: 870: 615:
protection on 17 June 2005, it sought a bidder for its 49% stake in PLUNA. For almost a year, it looked as if it might go to Venezuela's state-run
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was added to the route network in January 1954. On 24 June 1958, the carrier entered the turbine era with the delivery of its first of three
2971: 2574: 2398: 3707: 2118:[Pluna cancels operations for 48 hours due to OFP union strike] (Press release) (in Spanish). Pluna SA. 3 July 2012. Archived from 921: 904: 2672: 3108: 2913:[Jazz's executives arrives in Uruguay to negotiate the buyout of PLUNA] (in Spanish). El Observador. 21 June 2012. Archived from 1982: 1023: 657: million in the company. In July the same year, the government awarded 75% of PLUNA's stock to LARAH, and the acquisition of seven 2825: 2522: 2177: 642:
On 4 January 2007, the Government of Uruguay started negotiations to sell 75% of it shares to a private consortium of investors from
3596: 3346: 972: 3059: 2548: 1921: 1919: 938: 396: 3317: 2551:[Pluna presents its new image and plans for the next season] (in Spanish). Espectador.com. 30 October 2007. Archived from 2058: 2056: 3291: 3200: 2937: 2603: 243:
decided to close the airline down and liquidate it. The carrier was wholly owned by the government at the time of its closure.
514: 1159: 233: 134: 3635: 2459: 791:, the auction of the seven Bombardier aircraft that belonged to the liquidated carrier was delayed until October 2012 384: 3549: 3131: 3589: 3145: 2276: 3612: 1620: 1142: 2490: 497:
flourished as a major tourist destination, PLUNA benefited from that. During this time, an office was also opened in
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On 5 July 2012, only two days after the carrier's employees went on strike amid mounting financial difficulties, the
1697: 548: 432: 630: 277:. Millington-Drake wrote in his memoirs that he suggested the airline be named using a memorable acronym, taking 416:
which were operated on the Montevideo–Paysandú–Salto route until they were retired by 1951. In the same year, a
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A PLUNA Boeing 737-200 Advanced in the pre-Varig paint scheme, taxiing at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery in 1993.
1488: 812: 290: 274: 156: 2202:[The government decided to liquidate Pluna and sell its planes to the best bidder] (in Spanish). 3401: 3225: 2405: million and announces a plan to grow] (in Spanish). Espectador.com. 5 May 2010. Archived from 2246: 2026: 2012: 1804: 1793: 1656: 1542: 612: 608: 240: 171: 882: 560: 369: 2430:"Uruguay government close to selling controlling stake in Pluna to investors, replace management team" 1969:. 8 September 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2010. "La reunión estaba fijada en la sede de Pluna en Carrasco," 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 3233: 2251: 2034: 2007: 1833: 1689: 1506: 1349: 652: 225: 182: 3436: 2998: 3127: 3028: 2146: 1192: 353: 2406: 1953: 3018: 3016: 2967: 2858: 2665:"Jazz Air Income Fund announces equity investment in South American regional airline, Pluna S.A." 2578: 2383: 2323: 2296: 2030: 1524: 744:, disclosed that the airline might face collapse amid a financial distress that led to a loss of 658: 421: 3489: 3473: 3457: 2378: 2319: 2292: 1232:
Prior to its collapse, PLUNA's fleet consisted of the following aircraft, as of June 2012.
741: 3513: 3661: 3409: 2853: 2064:"Aerolineas Argentinas, BQB, Gol and LAN-TAM poised to benefit from demise of Uruguay's Pluna" 1208: 1086: 761: 490: 1979: 513:
The 1990s, saw financial trouble loom for PLUNA. In 1995, the company was transformed into a
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four-engined turboprops purchased new from Vickers; it later acquired two Viscount 700s from
2598: 2596: 2352: 1816: 1756: 1738: 1470: 1001: 984: 685: 564: 436: 409: 401: 3082:"Auction of Pluna's Bombardier aircraft collapses: terms "non attractive" and "non viable"" 1927:"Uruguay's Pluna warns of collapse, but CEO's missive may be more political than financial" 3575: 2280: 1986: 1960: 1375: 1357: 1334: 1196: 1125: 1052: 756:—where the carrier concentrated 21% of its operations— following the renationalisation of 709: 677: 588: 329: 166: 2552: 3563: 3321: 1965: 1452: 1429: 1411: 1171: 1035: 916: 748: million for the eight months ending in February the same year, partly due to the 580: 576: 494: 486: 298: 266: 3295: 3204: 3701: 2885:"Canadian company still interested in recapitalization of Uruguay's national airline" 2755:"Canada and US closely monitoring Uruguay's flag air carrier in the brink of default" 1807:, registration CX-AGE, crashed during a final test flight. The crash occurred during 749: 647: 459: 229: 61: 56: 51: 2295:[Varig's Pluna stake may be sold to Aerolineas Argentinas] (in Portuguese). 336:, PLUNA was forced to suspend operations between 1942, and 1944, due to the lack of 3656: 3651: 3527: 1870: 1797: 1789: 1597: 1579: 1561: 1018: 865: 848: 556: 417: 413: 389: 361: 345: 341: 333: 325: 217: 39: 2495: 1069: 611:(49%) and Varig (49%), and private investors held the balance. When Varig entered 596: 450:
PLUNA's growth slowed considerably for the next three decades, but it entered the
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entered PLUNA's fleet in February 1946. The airline launched regular services to
2849:"Chorus Aviation won't invest more to help Pluna airlines out of financial woes" 1103: 552: 493:, but services to JFK and Miami were suspended. In the meantime, as the city of 482: 317: 302: 142: 128: 2788:[Exit agreed for Pluna's private partner and ratification is awaited]. 2090:"Uruguay's flag carrier Pluna "indefinitely grounded" and most staff redundant" 1290:
The carrier also operated the following aircraft types throughout its history:
3630: 2700: 2247:"World Airline Survey – Primeras Líneas Uruguayas de Navegacion Aérea (PLUNA)" 1444: 1316: 1154: 572: 521: 471: 467: 337: 294: 186: 3149: 2399:"PLUNA se capitaliza en 20 millones de dólares y anuncia plan de crecimiento" 2273: 2003:"World airline directory—Pluna–Primeras Lineas Uruguayas de Navegacion Aerea" 3261: 3146:"Pluna confirma la compra de tres nuevos aviones Bombardier CRJ 900 NextGen" 2820:[Jazz is not interested in taking over additional shares in Pluna]. 1612: 1204: 681: 518: 412:
company on 12 November 1951. After World War II, PLUNA's fleet included two
373: 3376: 3508: 1989:." PLUNA. Retrieved 13 May 2010. "Headquarters Miraflores 1445 (Carrasco)" 528:
businessmen; the holding later sold half of its participation in PLUNA to
2668: 1819:, registration CX-AQO, flying a scheduled Carrasco International Airport– 1780:
PLUNA had only one fatal accident with the loss of ten crew members, the
1720: 967: 950: 933: 769: 616: 592: 543:, the airline had 635 employees. At this time the fleet consisted of six 498: 440: 321: 3616: 3257:"Pluna suspende voos para o Uruguai partindo de Viracopos, em Campinas" 1808: 899: 643: 584: 525: 451: 365: 357: 270: 221: 190: 3581: 2322:[Varig steps down from management at Pluna] (in Portuguese). 2143:"Uruguay's Pluna temporarily suspends operations after strike threat" 2119: 1901: 1120: 693: 568: 502: 478: 349: 278: 17: 517:
and the government sold 51% of the shares to a holding formed by an
256: 3320:(Press release). American Airlines. 27 October 2011. Archived from 888:
Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport
3676: 2786:"Acuerdan salida de socio privado de Pluna y esperan ratificación" 2523:"Uruguay's flag carrier signs contract for 7 midrange Bombardiers" 1866:"Uruguay seeks new investor for Pluna after Leadgate's withdrawal" 1712: 1224: 1223: 1200: 1137: 811: 629: 529: 463: 395: 383: 255: 232:, as well as scheduled cargo and charter services from its hub at 2911:"Ejecutivos de Jazz llegan al país para negociar compra de Pluna" 2200:"Gobierno decidió liquidar Pluna y venden aviones a mejor postor" 1898:"Comunicado del Directorio de PLUNA Líneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A." 404:
at Montevideo when operating the schedule to Buenos Aires in 1975
3686: 3025:"Liquidated Pluna to auction fleet, route rights within 60 days" 2549:"Pluna presenta nueva imagen y planes para la próxima temporada" 444: 328:
into its fleet in the early 1940s, the latter acquired from the
3585: 2577:[Company's history] (in Spanish). Pluna. Archived from 2029:[Brazilians move into Punta del Este] (in Portuguese). 804:
compensation from the Uruguayan government for Pluna's demise.
2995:"Uruguay to shut down bankrupt flagship carrier Pluna -source" 2116:"Pluna cancela operativa por 48 hs. por paro de sindicato OFP" 737: 281:
as an example. It was then decided on "PLUNA", an acronym for
3539: 3124:"New Pluna owners to challenge Uruguay over airline's demise" 3523:"ROUTES: Guide to airline start-ups and groundings in 2012" 2818:"Jazz no está interesada en adquirir más acciones de Pluna" 2604:"Canadian Fund Invests in Uruguay's Flagship Carrier PLUNA" 3318:"American Airlines and PLUNA Announce Codeshare Agreement" 3259:[Pluna discontinues flights departing Viracopos]. 1177:
Capitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International Airport
3226:"World Airline Directory – Pluna Lineas Aereas Uruguayas" 2493:[Argentine businessman Campiani abandons Pluna]. 2381:[Venezuela wants to buy Varig's stake in Pluna]. 1954:
Pluna: reunión de conciliación entre el Estado y Leadgate
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records 3 hull-loss accidents/incidents for the airline.
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in the preceding months. Later on, with losses totalling
2635:"Jazz Air to convert to corporate structure by year-end" 2320:"Varig deixa gerência da companhia aérea uruguaia Pluna" 619:, but the deal officially fell through in July 2006 454:
soon after jets were introduced to the world, and added
1900:(Press release). PLUNA S.A. 5 July 2012. Archived from 1812:
broke out shortly afterwards. All 10 crew members died.
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Latin American and Caribbean Air Transport Association
2293:"Varig pode vender Pluna para a Aerolíneas Argentinas" 3547: 2460:"Ambitious project to recover Uruguay's flag carrier" 1058:
Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport
352:, in May 1948. The carrier later added the cities of 3644: 3623: 196: 178: 165: 155: 141: 127: 112: 97: 82: 2696:"Uruguay's Pluna airline hits 'strong turbulence'" 2174:"Uruguay's Pluna suspends operations indefinitely" 1929:. Centre for Aviation. 8 June 2012. Archived from 1207:. PLUNA also announced a codeshare agreement with 2729:"Uruguay's Pluna Airline CEO warns of 'collapse'" 2491:"El empresario argentino Campiani abandona Pluna" 2938:"Uruguay's Pluna halts operations indefinitely" 2379:"Venezuela quer comprar ação da Varig na Pluna" 760:in 2008, and partly due to the slowdown of the 27:Defunct national airline of Uruguay (1936–2012) 1556:Some aircraft were used for spare parts only. 720:airplanes, the highest number in its history. 3597: 3265:(in Portuguese). 3 April 2012. Archived from 3109:"Cosmo buys liquidated Pluna's seven CRJ900s" 283:Primeras Líneas Uruguayas de Navegación Aérea 8: 3286: 3284: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 607:, the airline's major shareholders were the 32: 3439:. Aviation Safety Network. 28 November 2004 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3056:"Pluna's fleet auction postponed to Oct. 1" 3054:Pereira Lima, Edvaldo (14 September 2012). 1997: 1995: 1092:Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport 1041:Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport 3604: 3590: 3582: 2824:(in Spanish). 18 June 2012. Archived from 827: 31: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 1839:List of defunct airlines of South America 1075:São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport 1292: 1234: 956:Viracopos-Campinas International Airport 871:Ministro Pistarini International Airport 3554: 3341: 3339: 3107:Edvaldo Pereira Lima (4 October 2012). 2401:[PLUNA gets a capitalisation worth 1849: 1109:Silvio Pettirossi International Airport 839: 708:, the Canadian airline holding company 228:and operated scheduled services within 3738:Former Star Alliance affiliate members 3088:from the original on 16 September 2012 3023:Pereira Lima, Edvaldo (23 July 2012). 2936:Kaminski-Morrow, David (6 July 2012). 2318:Albuquerque, Vinicius (27 June 2005). 2263:from the original on 10 November 2018. 2011:: 97. 21–27 March 2000. Archived from 3058:. Air Transport World. Archived from 2633:Bonnassies, Olivier (14 March 2011). 2614:from the original on 26 December 2010 2529:from the original on 26 December 2010 2470:from the original on 24 December 2010 2176:. Air Transport World. Archived from 2172:Pereira Lima, Edvaldo (9 July 2012). 2141:Pereira Lima, Edvaldo (3 July 2012). 2066:. Centre for Aviation. 13 July 2012. 456:John F. Kennedy International Airport 260:A PLUNA advertisement from the 1970s. 7: 3535:from the original on 4 October 2012. 2970:. Centre for Aviation. 6 July 2012. 2645:from the original on 28 October 2010 2440:from the original on 24 January 2013 2027:"Brasileiros invadem Punta del Este" 922:Tancredo Neves International Airport 905:Islas Malvinas International Airport 477:In the 1980s, PLUNA began flying to 287:First Uruguayan Air Navigation Lines 3490:Accident description for CX-AQO 3474:Accident description for CX-AGG 3458:Incident description for CX-AEG 3122:Broderick, Sean (19 October 2018). 1024:Salgado Filho International Airport 1007:Foz do Iguaçu International Airport 3357:from the original on 14 March 2012 2847:Larocque, Sylvain (15 June 2012). 2489:Fernandez, Nélson (15 June 2012). 990:Hercílio Luz International Airport 320:saw the incorporation of both the 214:PLUNA Líneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A. 33:PLUNA Líneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A. 25: 3084:. MercoPress. 14 September 2012. 2974:from the original on 4 March 2016 2948:from the original on 6 March 2016 2891:from the original on 3 March 2016 2784:Oyhenard, Andrés (12 June 2012). 2503:from the original on 17 June 2012 2428:Uphoff, Rainer (8 January 2007). 2359:from the original on 31 July 2012 2070:from the original on 13 July 2012 1878:from the original on 23 June 2012 973:Afonso Pena International Airport 551:to serve a network that included 305:. The two planes were christened 3569: 3557: 3507: 2993:Castaldi, Malena (6 July 2012). 2765:from the original on 8 June 2012 2735:from the original on 8 July 2019 2731:. Montevideo. Associated Press. 2708:from the original on 5 June 2012 2096:from the original on 9 July 2012 692:). The first of seven brand new 38: 3723:Airlines disestablished in 2012 3521:Dunn, Graham (1 October 2012). 2671:. 26 April 2010. Archived from 1864:Uphoff, Rainer (19 June 2012). 1796:CX-AEG, was destroyed during a 3713:1936 establishments in Uruguay 3496:. Retrieved on 12 August 2011. 3480:. Retrieved on 12 August 2011. 3464:. Retrieved on 12 August 2011. 2387:(in Portuguese). 14 July 2005. 1160:Carrasco International Airport 939:Brasília International Airport 234:Carrasco International Airport 167:Holding company#Parent company 135:Carrasco International Airport 1: 3733:Companies based in Montevideo 2727:Bogado, Belén (4 June 2012). 2206:. 6 July 2012. Archived from 665: million was announced. 443:and three Viscount 800s from 3718:Airlines established in 1936 3541:Memorias del Tiempo de Vuelo 2887:. MercoPress. 22 June 2012. 2794:(in Spanish). Archived from 2525:. MercoPress. 10 July 2007. 2259:(2979): 628. 14 April 1966. 1507:de Havilland D.H.86B Express 1180: 1163: 1146: 1129: 1112: 1095: 1078: 1061: 1044: 1027: 1010: 993: 976: 959: 942: 925: 908: 891: 874: 857: 408:The airline became a wholly 332:. Following the outbreak of 3708:Defunct airlines of Uruguay 3437:"Accident record for PLUNA" 2092:. MercoPress. 6 July 2012. 1675:Lockheed L-1011-500 Tristar 1621:Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante 1143:Miami International Airport 690:Río de los pájaros pintados 466:to its destinations, using 3754: 2694:Leff, Alex (5 June 2012). 1698:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 1236:PLUNA fleet at bankruptcy 676:, PLUNA presented its new 549:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 515:public–private partnership 224:. It was headquartered in 101:19 November 1936 2997:. Reuters. Archived from 2575:"Historia de la compañía" 2279:28 September 2007 at the 1657:Fokker F27-100 Friendship 1279: 668:In late October 2007 286: 60: 55: 50: 46: 37: 3413:: 234. 15 September 1938 1639:Fairchild Hiller FH-227D 854:Aeroparque Jorge Newbery 818:Aeroparque Jorge Newbery 636:Aeroparque Jorge Newbery 599:. By late June 2005 149:Aeroparque Jorge Newbery 3636:Air Class Líneas Aéreas 3494:Aviation Safety Network 3478:Aviation Safety Network 3462:Aviation Safety Network 3351:AeroTransport Data Bank 3294:. PLUNA. Archived from 3203:. PLUNA. Archived from 1980:Offices and call centre 1821:Buenos Aires-Aeroparque 1782:Aviation Safety Network 1776:Accidents and incidents 1394:Boeing 737-200 Advanced 1294:PLUNA historical fleet 754:government of Argentina 728:In early June 2012 545:Boeing 737-200 Advanced 291:de Havilland Dragonflys 3381:aerobernie.bplaced.net 3347:"SubFleets for: PLUNA" 3237:: 93. 17–23 March 1999 1959:21 August 2013 at the 1489:de Havilland Dragonfly 1229: 821: 783:In September 2012 689: 639: 405: 393: 275:Eugen Millington-Drake 261: 157:Frequent-flyer program 3516:at Wikimedia Commons 1817:Vickers 769D Viscount 1739:Vickers Viscount 700D 1543:Douglas C-47 Skytrain 1227: 815: 758:Aerolíneas Argentinas 633: 613:Chapter 11 bankruptcy 609:Government of Uruguay 427:Fuerza Aérea Uruguaya 402:Vickers Viscount 769D 399: 392:at Montevideo in 1975 387: 259: 172:Government of Uruguay 116:5 July 2012 3234:Flight International 3134:on 10 November 2018. 3062:on 17 September 2012 2252:Flight International 2035:Agence France-Presse 2008:Flight International 1985:22 July 2012 at the 1834:Transport in Uruguay 1757:Vickers Viscount 800 1690:EuroAtlantic Airways 1350:Middle East Airlines 1187:Codeshare agreements 710:Jazz Air Income Fund 241:Uruguayan government 226:Carrasco, Montevideo 98:Commenced operations 3128:Air Transport World 3029:Air Transport World 2968:"Pluna closes down" 2147:Air Transport World 1295: 1237: 1220:Fleet at bankruptcy 1193:codeshare agreement 816:A PLUNA CRJ-900 at 659:Bombardier CRJ-900s 422:de Havilland Herons 86:September 1936 34: 2859:The Canadian Press 2675:on 18 October 2015 2466:. 6 January 2007. 2384:Folha de Sao Paulo 2355:. 22 August 2005. 2324:Folha de Sao Paulo 2297:Folha de Sao Paulo 2180:on 17 January 2013 2153:on 8 November 2012 2037:. 29 December 2003 2031:Folha de Sao Paulo 1803:9 October 1962: A 1788:8 January 1946: A 1525:de Havilland Heron 1293: 1235: 1230: 822: 700:In April 2010 640: 634:A PLUNA CRJ900 at 535:At April 2000 524:named Tevycom and 406: 394: 262: 3695: 3694: 3667:BQB Líneas Aéreas 3662:Amaszonas Uruguay 3512:Media related to 3402:"Pluna Extension" 3001:on 4 January 2013 2854:Canadian Business 2667:(Press release). 2610:. 27 April 2010. 1773: 1772: 1283: 1282: 1260:Bombardier CRJ900 1251: 1209:American Airlines 1184: 1183: 1087:Santiago de Chile 762:Brazilian economy 491:Santiago de Chile 437:Vickers Viscounts 273:at the time, Sir 211: 210: 207: 200:Sebastian Hirsch 113:Ceased operations 78: 77: 16:(Redirected from 3745: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3562: 3561: 3560: 3553: 3536: 3511: 3497: 3487: 3481: 3471: 3465: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3420: 3418: 3406: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3230: 3222: 3209: 3208: 3207:on 14 June 2012. 3197: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3130:. 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Archived from 2138: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2122:on 28 April 2010 2112: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2060: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2023: 2017: 2016: 1999: 1990: 1976: 1970: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1923: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1904:on 28 April 2010 1894: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1861: 1790:Douglas DC-2-124 1471:Boeing 767-300ER 1296: 1286:Historical fleet 1249: 1238: 828: 798: 796: 790: 788: 779: 777: 767: 747: 735: 733: 715: 707: 705: 675: 673: 664: 661:in a deal worth 656: 626: 624: 606: 604: 542: 540: 410:government-owned 388:Preserved PLUNA 376:to its network. 288: 201: 151: 137: 123: 121: 108: 106: 93: 91: 48: 47: 42: 35: 21: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3640: 3619: 3610: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3548: 3520: 3505: 3500: 3488: 3484: 3472: 3468: 3456: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3416: 3414: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3353:. 8 June 2012. 3345: 3344: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3324:on 5 April 2012 3316: 3315: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3298:on 14 June 2012 3290: 3289: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3228: 3224: 3223: 3212: 3199: 3198: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3152:on 24 July 2011 3144: 3143: 3139: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3053: 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3035:on 25 July 2012 3022: 3021: 3014: 3004: 3002: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2917:on 23 June 2012 2909: 2908: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2865:on 20 June 2012 2846: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2828:on 20 June 2012 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2798:on 16 June 2012 2783: 2782: 2778: 2768: 2766: 2761:. 5 June 2012. 2753: 2752: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2602: 2601: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2555:on 21 July 2011 2547: 2546: 2542: 2532: 2530: 2521: 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784: 775: 773: 765: 745: 742:Matías Campiani 736:, PLUNA's then 731: 729: 726: 713: 703: 701: 680:, developed by 678:corporate image 671: 669: 662: 651: 622: 620: 602: 600: 538: 536: 511: 382: 380:Nationalisation 330:U.S. government 254: 249: 147: 133: 119: 117: 104: 102: 89: 87: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3751: 3749: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3700: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3611: 3609: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3586: 3579: 3578: 3566: 3546: 3545: 3537: 3504: 3503:External links 3501: 3499: 3498: 3482: 3466: 3450: 3428: 3393: 3368: 3335: 3309: 3292:"Where we fly" 3280: 3248: 3210: 3201:"Where we fly" 3163: 3137: 3114: 3099: 3073: 3046: 3012: 2985: 2959: 2928: 2902: 2876: 2839: 2809: 2776: 2746: 2719: 2686: 2656: 2625: 2592: 2566: 2540: 2514: 2499:(in Spanish). 2481: 2451: 2420: 2409:on 6 July 2012 2390: 2370: 2336: 2310: 2284: 2266: 2221: 2210:on 9 July 2012 2191: 2164: 2133: 2107: 2081: 2052: 2018: 1991: 1971: 1966:Espectador.com 1945: 1915: 1889: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1813: 1801: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1453:Boeing 757-200 1449: 1448: 1445:Travel Service 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1430:Boeing 737-800 1426: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1412:Boeing 737-300 1408: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1387: 1384: 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495:Punta del Este 487:Rio de Janeiro 381: 378: 267:United Kingdom 253: 250: 248: 245: 209: 208: 198: 194: 193: 180: 176: 175: 169: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 145: 139: 138: 131: 125: 124: 114: 110: 109: 99: 95: 94: 84: 80: 79: 76: 75: 72: 69: 65: 64: 59: 54: 44: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3750: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3595: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3510: 3502: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3451: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3412: 3411: 3403: 3397: 3394: 3382: 3378: 3377:"Pluna fleet" 3372: 3369: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3310: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3269:on 1 May 2012 3268: 3264: 3263: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3236: 3235: 3227: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3103: 3100: 3087: 3083: 3077: 3074: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3047: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3000: 2996: 2989: 2986: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2960: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2929: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2843: 2840: 2827: 2823: 2822:El Observador 2819: 2813: 2810: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2791:El Observador 2787: 2780: 2777: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2734: 2730: 2723: 2720: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2687: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2629: 2626: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2581:on 1 May 2012 2580: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2485: 2482: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2424: 2421: 2408: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2325: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2209: 2205: 2204:El Observador 2201: 2195: 2192: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2165: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2137: 2134: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2082: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2004: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1805:Douglas C-47A 1802: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 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Retrieved 3431: 3422: 3415:. Retrieved 3408: 3396: 3384:. Retrieved 3380: 3371: 3359:. Retrieved 3350: 3326:. Retrieved 3322:the original 3312: 3300:. Retrieved 3296:the original 3271:. Retrieved 3267:the original 3260: 3251: 3239:. Retrieved 3232: 3205:the original 3154:. Retrieved 3150:the original 3140: 3132:the original 3117: 3102: 3092:14 September 3090:. Retrieved 3076: 3066:14 September 3064:. Retrieved 3060:the original 3049: 3037:. Retrieved 3033:the original 3003:. Retrieved 2999:the original 2988: 2976:. Retrieved 2962: 2950:. Retrieved 2942:Flightglobal 2941: 2931: 2919:. Retrieved 2915:the original 2905: 2893:. Retrieved 2879: 2867:. Retrieved 2863:the original 2852: 2842: 2830:. Retrieved 2826:the original 2821: 2812: 2800:. Retrieved 2796:the original 2789: 2779: 2767:. Retrieved 2758: 2749: 2737:. Retrieved 2722: 2710:. Retrieved 2699: 2689: 2677:. Retrieved 2673:the original 2659: 2647:. Retrieved 2639:Flightglobal 2638: 2628: 2616:. Retrieved 2607: 2583:. 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Retrieved 1871:Flightglobal 1869: 1798:thunderstorm 1794:registration 1779: 1711:Leased from 1688:Leased from 1611:Leased from 1562:Douglas DC-2 1443:Leased from 1348:Leased from 1289: 1231: 1203:and also to 1191:PLUNA had a 1190: 1019:Porto Alegre 866:Buenos Aires 849:Buenos Aires 823: 808:Destinations 802: 782: 727: 718: 699: 667: 641: 557:Buenos Aires 534: 512: 476: 449: 431: 418:Douglas DC-3 407: 390:Douglas DC-3 362:Buenos Aires 346:Porto Alegre 342:Douglas DC-3 334:World War II 326:Douglas DC-2 315: 310: 306: 282: 263: 238: 218:flag carrier 213: 212: 179:Headquarters 143:Focus cities 29: 3386:20 February 1800:in Uruguay. 1305:Introduced 1247:Passengers 338:spare parts 311:San Alberto 3702:Categories 3531:. London. 2759:MercoPress 2701:GlobalPost 2608:MercoPress 2464:MercoPress 1874:. Madrid. 1845:References 1317:ATR 42-320 1155:Montevideo 776:2012-07-05 682:Australian 573:Montevideo 522:consortium 474:aircraft. 472:Boeing 737 468:Boeing 707 354:Santa Cruz 307:Churrinche 295:Montevideo 285:(English: 252:Foundation 197:Key people 187:Montevideo 120:2012-07-05 105:1936-11-19 3443:12 August 3417:12 August 3262:globo.com 2496:La Nación 2048:Curitiba. 1731:Un­known 1631:Un­known 1613:Nationair 1517:Un­known 1299:Aircraft 1250:(Economy) 1241:Aircraft 1205:Frankfurt 1070:São Paulo 896:Argentina 879:Argentina 862:Argentina 845:Argentina 712:invested 597:São Paulo 526:Uruguayan 519:Argentine 458:(JFK) in 433:São Paulo 420:and four 374:Argentina 3613:Airlines 3576:Aviation 3533:Archived 3424:company. 3355:Archived 3328:25 March 3302:26 April 3241:26 April 3086:Archived 2972:Archived 2946:Archived 2889:Archived 2763:Archived 2733:Archived 2706:Archived 2669:Jazz Air 2643:Archived 2612:Archived 2527:Archived 2501:Archived 2468:Archived 2438:Archived 2357:Archived 2277:Archived 2261:Archived 2094:Archived 2068:Archived 1983:Archived 1957:Archived 1876:Archived 1828:See also 1721:Potez 62 1308:Retired 1104:Asunción 1100:Paraguay 1053:Salvador 968:Curitiba 951:Campinas 934:Brasilia 837:Airport 831:Country 820:in 2009. 770:Jazz Air 724:Collapse 638:in 2009. 617:Conviasa 593:Santiago 589:Salvador 553:Asunción 547:and one 499:Tel Aviv 483:Asunción 460:New York 441:Alitalia 324:and the 322:Potez 62 303:Paysandú 216:was the 183:Carrasco 62:Callsign 3645:Defunct 3631:Aeromás 3624:Current 3617:Uruguay 3564:Uruguay 3550:Portals 3492:at the 3476:at the 3460:at the 3273:15 June 3039:26 July 2921:21 June 2869:21 June 2832:21 June 2802:21 June 2769:20 June 2739:21 June 2712:21 June 2533:19 July 2507:21 June 2474:20 June 2444:20 June 2329:19 July 2303:19 July 2074:13 July 2041:19 July 1937:31 July 1882:20 June 1809:takeoff 1168:Uruguay 1151:Uruguay 900:Rosario 883:Córdoba 795:2012-10 793: ( 787:2012-09 785: ( 774: ( 766:US$ 300 752:of the 732:2012-06 730: ( 704:2010-04 702: ( 694:CRJ900s 686:Spanish 672:2007-10 670: ( 663:US$ 261 644:Germany 623:2006-07 621: ( 603:2005-06 601: ( 585:Rosario 561:Cordoba 539:2000-04 537: ( 452:jet age 370:Córdoba 366:Rosario 358:Bolivia 318:carrier 271:Uruguay 247:History 222:Uruguay 191:Uruguay 161:Flyclub 118: ( 103: ( 90:1936-09 88: ( 83:Founded 3410:Flight 3361:8 June 3156:6 July 3005:6 July 2978:6 July 2952:6 July 2895:6 July 2679:8 June 2649:8 June 2618:8 June 2585:6 July 2559:6 July 2413:6 July 2403:US$ 20 2363:8 June 2214:6 July 2184:9 July 2157:6 July 2126:6 July 2100:6 July 1943:  1908:6 July 1311:Notes 1302:Total 1274:Total 1254:Notes 1244:Total 1197:Iberia 1121:Madrid 1066:Brazil 1049:Brazil 1032:Brazil 1015:Brazil 998:Brazil 981:Brazil 964:Brazil 947:Brazil 930:Brazil 913:Brazil 746:US$ 18 714:US$ 15 569:Madrid 503:Israel 479:Madrid 462:, and 400:PLUNA 350:Brazil 279:SABENA 174:(100%) 74:PLUNA 3682:PLUNA 3677:Lapsa 3672:CAUSA 3514:PLUNA 3405:(PDF) 3229:(pdf) 1767:1986 1764:1975 1749:1977 1746:1958 1728:1941 1713:Varig 1708:1997 1705:1994 1685:2006 1682:2002 1667:1977 1664:1975 1649:1990 1646:1975 1628:1975 1608:1992 1605:1991 1590:1992 1587:1991 1572:1954 1569:1942 1553:1979 1550:1946 1535:1958 1532:1953 1514:1937 1499:1939 1496:1936 1481:2009 1478:2002 1463:2008 1460:2003 1440:2007 1437:2006 1422:2008 1419:1995 1404:2009 1401:1969 1386:1984 1383:1978 1368:1995 1365:1985 1345:2007 1342:2006 1327:2008 1324:2004 1215:Fleet 1201:Spain 1195:with 1138:Miami 1117:Spain 1083:Chile 840:Refs 834:City 530:Varig 464:Miami 299:Salto 293:from 18:Pluna 3687:Uair 3445:2011 3419:2011 3388:2021 3363:2012 3330:2012 3304:2011 3275:2012 3243:2011 3158:2012 3094:2012 3068:2012 3041:2012 3007:2012 2980:2012 2954:2012 2923:2012 2897:2012 2871:2012 2834:2012 2804:2012 2771:2012 2741:2012 2714:2012 2681:2012 2651:2012 2620:2012 2587:2012 2561:2012 2535:2012 2509:2012 2476:2012 2446:2012 2415:2012 2365:2012 2331:2012 2305:2012 2216:2012 2186:2012 2159:2012 2128:2012 2102:2012 2076:2012 2043:2012 1939:2015 1910:2012 1884:2012 653:US$ 595:and 489:and 470:and 445:VASP 368:and 360:and 316:The 309:and 301:and 129:Hubs 71:PUA 57:ICAO 52:IATA 3615:of 1963:." 1547:10 1277:13 1267:90 1264:13 738:CEO 655:177 372:in 356:in 297:to 269:to 220:of 204:CEO 68:PU 3704:: 3525:. 3421:. 3407:. 3379:. 3349:. 3338:^ 3283:^ 3231:. 3213:^ 3166:^ 3126:. 3027:. 3015:^ 2944:. 2940:. 2857:. 2851:. 2757:. 2704:. 2698:. 2641:. 2637:. 2606:. 2595:^ 2462:. 2436:. 2432:. 2351:. 2347:. 2257:89 2255:. 2249:. 2224:^ 2145:. 2055:^ 2045:. 2033:. 2005:. 1994:^ 1918:^ 1868:. 1852:^ 1792:, 1761:3 1743:5 1725:1 1715:. 1702:1 1692:. 1679:1 1661:2 1643:2 1625:5 1615:. 1602:1 1584:1 1566:2 1529:4 1511:2 1493:2 1475:3 1457:1 1447:. 1434:1 1416:2 1398:8 1380:3 1362:6 1352:. 1339:1 1321:1 740:, 688:: 646:, 627:. 591:, 587:, 583:, 579:, 575:, 571:, 567:, 563:, 559:, 555:, 532:. 505:. 501:, 485:, 481:, 447:. 429:. 364:, 348:, 236:. 189:, 185:, 3605:e 3598:t 3591:v 3552:: 3447:. 3390:. 3365:. 3332:. 3306:. 3277:. 3245:. 3160:. 3111:. 3096:. 3070:. 3043:. 3009:. 2982:. 2956:. 2925:. 2899:. 2873:. 2836:. 2806:. 2773:. 2743:. 2716:. 2683:. 2653:. 2622:. 2589:. 2563:. 2537:. 2511:. 2478:. 2448:. 2417:. 2367:. 2333:. 2307:. 2218:. 2188:. 2161:. 2130:. 2104:. 2078:. 1978:" 1952:" 1941:. 1912:. 1886:. 797:) 789:) 778:) 734:) 706:) 674:) 625:) 605:) 541:) 206:) 202:( 122:) 107:) 92:) 20:)

Index

Pluna

IATA
ICAO
Callsign
Hubs
Carrasco International Airport
Focus cities
Aeroparque Jorge Newbery
Frequent-flyer program
Holding company#Parent company
Government of Uruguay
Carrasco
Montevideo
Uruguay
CEO
flag carrier
Uruguay
Carrasco, Montevideo
South America
Carrasco International Airport
Uruguayan government

United Kingdom
Uruguay
Eugen Millington-Drake
SABENA
de Havilland Dragonflys
Montevideo
Salto

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