155:
a standard electrical connector, and have similar mounting arrangements. Some non-conforming units may be re-packaged or modified to meet plug-compatible requirements, as where an adapter plate is provided for mounting, or a different tool and instructions are supplied for installation, and these modifications would be reflected in the
409:"... to allow the use of IBM plug-compatible peripherals on the CDC 6400, 6600 and 7600 systems installed at the LBL Computer Center. This has given the ability to replace unreliable CDC tape drives and controllers and overpriced CDC disk drives and controllers with their IBM plug-compatible counterparts."
154:
The term may also be used to define replacement criteria for other components available from multiple sources. For example, a plug-compatible cooling fan may need to have not only the same physical size and shape, but also similar capability, run from the same voltage, use similar power, attach with
109:
as well. That is, if the forerunner system had software or interface problems, then the successor must have (or simulate) the same problems. Otherwise, the new system may generate unpredictable results, defeating the full compatibility objective. Thus, it is important for customers to understand the
605:"A notable PCM failure was Storage Technology (StorageTek), which was for many years one of the more successful of the plug-compatible peripheral suppliers. StorageTek's attempt to make its own processor and become another Amdahl or HDS almost drove it out of business. It took years to recover ..."
392:"GSA has initiated a Government-wide program.to replace existing leased peripheral devices with lower cost plug-to-plug compatible equipment offered by independent suppliers. This program was aimed at permitting competitive offers of peripherals by independent suppliers."
586:"Hitachi has been in the mainframe business for 50 years and currently its AP series of systems are sold to major organisations across Japan. Hitachi Data Systems used to sell Hitachi-made IBM plug-compatible mainframes outside Japan but stopped doing so in 2000."
486:"A 3200 system can include up to 16M bytes, with virtual memory freeing programmers from artificial memory constraints. It can handle all major programming languages, such as Cobol, Fortran, PL/I, APL, Basic, and Assembler. The
110:
difference between a "bug" and a "feature", where the latter is defined as an intentional modification to the previous system (e.g. higher speed, lighter weight, smaller package, better operator controls, etc.).
373:"Expected to produce $ 1 billion in revenues during fiscal 1980, CDC's peripherals business, advancing at 33% annually, is the fastest growing revenue producer within the company's diverse product line."
48:
Before the rise of the PCM peripheral industry, computing systems were either configured with peripherals designed and built by the CPU vendor, or designed to use vendor-selected rebadged devices.
146:. Not all were large systems. Most of these system vendors eventually left the PCM market. In late 1981, there were eight PCM companies, and collectively they had 36 IBM-compatible models.
170:
does not mean identical replacement. However, nothing prevents a company from developing follow-on products that are backward-compatible with its own early products.
33:
that is designed to perform exactly like another vendor's product." The term PCM was originally applied to manufacturers who made replacements for
566:
166:
have rigorously defined the environment, and there is a large installed population of machines that can benefit from third-party enhancements.
622:
454:
Same as bug-compatible, with the additional implication that much tedious effort went into ensuring that each (known) bug was replicated.
325:
358:
411:
429:"Historical Narrative Statement of Richard B. Mancke, Franklin M. Fisher and James W. McKie, Exhibit 14971, US vs. IBM, Part 2"
159:
for such components. Similar issues arise for computer system interfaces when competitors wish to offer an easy upgrade path.
64:
678:
428:
275:"Making the move into IBM-compatible peripheral products was a natural adjunct to products being developed for OEMs."
59:
in 1968 was first to enter the IBM plug-compatible disk followed shortly thereafter by a number of suppliers such as
683:
688:
91:
467:
60:
588:
607:
465:"LEAD: Beating I.B.M. to the punch by one day, Fujitsu Ltd. announced a series of computers today that ..."
189:
90:
that is plug-compatible has not only the same connectors and protocol interfaces to peripherals, but also
83:
557:
505:
620:"Amdahl ...pulling out of the plug-compatible market in 2000 following IBM's launch of 64-bit systems."
209:
52:
199:
194:
642:
472:
123:
119:
445:
350:
254:
354:
321:
204:
184:
179:
163:
156:
106:
70:
Ultimately plug-compatible products were offered for most peripherals and system main memory.
30:
51:
The first example of plug-compatible IBM subsystems were tape drives and controls offered by
493:
518:
87:
67:. This was boosted by the world's largest user of computing equipment in both directions.
640:
Elinor
Gebremedhin (November 1981). "Plug Compatible Manufacturers: Splitting the Pie".
343:
214:
131:
127:
672:
219:
143:
20:
487:
658:
537:
394:
375:
315:
296:
277:
532:
37:
134:, costing millions of dollars to develop. Similar systems were available from
262:
497:
229:
16:
Hardware designed to perform exactly like or with another vendor's product
135:
139:
56:
105:
One recurring theme in plug-compatible systems is the ability to be
162:
In general, plug-compatible systems are designed where industry or
396:
The
Creative Partnership: Government and the Professional Services
40:. Later this term was used to refer to IBM-compatible computers.
34:
490:
3200 series will range in price from $ 200,00 to $ 600,000."
623:"Amdahl pulling out of the plug-compatible market in 2000"
659:"Patent US20040175993 - Universal audio jack and plug"
535:
together with his son Carl Amdahl and
Clifford Madden.
656:"A universal four-contact plug and jack assembly ..."
556:
342:
278:"Moving into IBM-compatible peripheral products"
94:—it runs the same software as the old system. A
118:The original example of PCM mainframes was the
297:"direct-mail company to replace IBM with PCM"
8:
82:machine is one that has been designed to be
589:"Hitachi exits mainframe hardware business"
531:Trilogy Systems Corporation was started by
86:with a prior machine. In particular, a new
376:"CDC PCM Peripherals - $ 1 Billion market"
246:
102:is a company that makes such products.
514:
503:
7:
126:which was plug-compatible with the
608:"ACS Heritage Project: Chapter 30"
294:"plug-compatible mainframe (PCM)."
14:
569:from the original on 2008-05-14
345:IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems
555:Greenwald, John (1983-07-11).
434:. July 1980. pp. 750–796.
150:Non-computer usage of the term
65:Storage Technology Corporation
1:
468:"Fujitsu Announces Mainframe"
382:. August 18, 1980. p. 7.
284:. August 18, 1980. p. 7.
646:. pp. 119–124, 202–207.
544:. June 15, 1981. p. 11.
538:"ACSYS - new Amdahl startup"
303:. March 8, 1982. p. 69.
96:plug compatible manufacturer
705:
341:Pugh; et al. (1991).
314:Herbert Hovenkamp (2017).
18:
558:"The Colossus That Works"
92:binary-code compatibility
446:"bug-for-bug compatible"
259:PC Magazine Encyclopedia
74:PCM and computer systems
19:Not to be confused with
498:10.1109/C-M.1978.217954
317:Principles of Antitrust
513:Cite journal requires
190:Computer compatibility
114:PCM and IBM mainframes
679:Classes of computers
661:. September 9, 2004.
476:. September 5, 1990.
210:Proprietary hardware
452:. Eric S. Raymond.
200:Hercules (emulator)
195:Drop-in replacement
84:backward compatible
44:PCM and peripherals
643:Computer Decisions
473:The New York Times
164:de facto standards
124:mainframe computer
684:Computer hardware
255:"plug-compatible"
205:Pin compatibility
185:Clone (computing)
180:Bug compatibility
157:bill of materials
696:
689:Interoperability
663:
662:
654:
648:
647:
637:
631:
630:
618:
612:
611:
603:
597:
596:
584:
578:
577:
575:
574:
560:
552:
546:
545:
529:
523:
522:
516:
511:
509:
501:
484:
478:
477:
463:
457:
456:
442:
436:
435:
433:
425:
419:
418:
416:
407:
401:
400:
390:
384:
383:
371:
365:
364:
348:
338:
332:
331:
311:
305:
304:
292:
286:
285:
273:
267:
266:
251:
55:beginning 1965.
704:
703:
699:
698:
697:
695:
694:
693:
669:
668:
667:
666:
657:
655:
651:
639:
638:
634:
621:
619:
615:
606:
604:
600:
595:. May 24, 2017.
587:
585:
581:
572:
570:
554:
553:
549:
536:
530:
526:
512:
502:
491:
485:
481:
466:
464:
460:
450:The Jargon File
444:
443:
439:
431:
427:
426:
422:
414:
412:"For Reference"
410:
408:
404:
393:
391:
387:
374:
372:
368:
361:
340:
339:
335:
328:
313:
312:
308:
295:
293:
289:
276:
274:
270:
253:
252:
248:
243:
176:
168:Plug compatible
152:
116:
88:computer system
80:plug-compatible
76:
46:
27:Plug compatible
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
702:
700:
692:
691:
686:
681:
671:
670:
665:
664:
649:
632:
613:
598:
579:
547:
524:
515:|journal=
479:
458:
437:
420:
402:
385:
366:
359:
333:
327:978-1640200821
326:
306:
287:
268:
245:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
232:, chasing the
227:
222:, chasing the
217:
215:Vendor lock-in
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
175:
172:
151:
148:
128:IBM System 360
115:
112:
107:bug compatible
75:
72:
45:
42:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
701:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
674:
660:
653:
650:
645:
644:
636:
633:
628:
627:Computerworld
624:
617:
614:
609:
602:
599:
594:
590:
583:
580:
568:
564:
559:
551:
548:
543:
542:Computerworld
539:
534:
528:
525:
520:
507:
499:
495:
492:"NCSS 3200".
489:
483:
480:
475:
474:
469:
462:
459:
455:
451:
447:
441:
438:
430:
424:
421:
413:
406:
403:
398:
397:
389:
386:
381:
380:Computerworld
377:
370:
367:
362:
360:9780262161237
356:
352:
347:
346:
337:
334:
329:
323:
319:
318:
310:
307:
302:
301:Computerworld
298:
291:
288:
283:
282:Computerworld
279:
272:
269:
264:
260:
256:
250:
247:
240:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
220:Honeywell 200
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
171:
169:
165:
160:
158:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
111:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
71:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
43:
41:
39:
36:
32:
28:
22:
21:Plug computer
652:
641:
635:
626:
616:
601:
593:The Register
592:
582:
571:. Retrieved
562:
550:
541:
527:
506:cite journal
482:
471:
461:
453:
449:
440:
423:
405:
395:
388:
379:
369:
344:
336:
316:
309:
300:
290:
281:
271:
258:
249:
233:
223:
167:
161:
153:
117:
104:
99:
95:
79:
77:
69:
63:, Itel, and
50:
47:
26:
25:
533:Gene Amdahl
38:peripherals
29:refers to "
673:Categories
573:2019-05-18
349:. p.
263:Ziff Davis
241:References
230:Xerox 530
567:Archived
234:IBM 1130
224:IBM 1401
174:See also
136:Comparex
31:hardware
399:. 1973.
144:Hitachi
140:Fujitsu
57:Memorex
357:
324:
236:market
226:market
142:, and
120:Amdahl
432:(PDF)
415:(PDF)
53:Telex
563:TIME
519:help
488:NCSS
355:ISBN
322:ISBN
130:and
122:470
494:doi
351:233
132:370
100:PCM
98:or
61:CDC
35:IBM
675::
625:.
591:.
565:.
561:.
540:.
510::
508:}}
504:{{
470:.
448:.
378:.
353:.
320:.
299:.
280:.
261:.
257:.
138:,
78:A
629:.
610:.
576:.
521:)
517:(
500:.
496::
417:.
363:.
330:.
265:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.