44:
522:
65:
1892:
771:
originally seen by Chagas have not yet been named as distinct species. Many other undescribed species presumably exist and those that have been detected in many mammals are only known from molecular sample detection from lung tissue or fluids, rather than by direct physical observation. Currently,
476:
The term PCP, which was widely used by practitioners and patients, has been retained for convenience, with the rationale that it now stands for the more general
Pneumocystis pneumonia rather than Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
1761:"Pneumocystis oryctolagi sp. nov., an uncultured fungus causing pneumonia in rabbits at weaning: review of current knowledge, and description of a new taxon on genotypic, phylogenetic and phenotypic bases"
450:
254:
are not known, but presumably all resemble the others in the genus. The terminology follows zoological terms, rather than mycological terms, reflecting the initial misdetermination as a
294:-like cysts, eight spores form, which are released through rupture of the cyst wall. The cysts often collapse, forming crescent-shaped bodies visible in stained tissue. Whether
390:
over-replicate and damage alveolar epithelium, causing death by asphyxiation. Fluid leaks into alveoli, producing an exudate seen as honeycomb/cotton candy appearance on
1260:"Nova tripanozomiase humana: Estudos sobre a morfolojia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n. gen., n. sp., ajente etiolojico de nova entidade morbida do homem"
438:
pneumonia in humans in 1952. After DNA analysis showed significant differences in the human variant, the proposal was made again in 1999 and has come into common use.
2162:
2201:
2018:
442:
791:
James TY, Kauff F, Schoch CL, Matheny PB, Hofstetter V, Cox CJ, et al. (2006). "Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny".
2097:
1940:
596:
was redescribed as a human pathogen in 1942 by two Dutch investigators, van der Meer and Brug, who found it in three new cases: a 3-month-old infant with
2149:
1979:
1689:
Cushion MT, Keely SP, Stringer JR (2004). "Molecular and phenotypic description of
Pneumocystis wakefieldiae sp. nov., a new species in rats".
735:
from humans are based upon older classifications (still used by many, or those still debating the recognition of distinct species in the genus
864:"Functional and Expression Analyses of the Pneumocystis MAT Genes Suggest Obligate Sexuality through Primary Homothallism within Host Lungs"
1564:
Hawksworth DL (2007). "Responsibility in naming pathogens: the case of
Pneumocystis jiroveci, the causal agent of pneumocystis pneumonia".
2262:
484:
is incorrect for the human variant, but still describes the species found in rats, and that name is typified by an isolate from rats.
461:
is correct. A change in the ICNafp now recognizes the validity of the 1976 publication, making the 1999 proposal redundant, and cites
1896:
834:
290:(multilobed) and closely associated with host cells. Globular cysts eventually form that have a thicker wall. Within these
2188:
2005:
1192:"De Novo Assembly of the Pneumocystis jirovecii Genome from a Single Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Specimen from a Patient"
395:
445:, since the organism was believed to be a protozoan. After it became clear that it was a fungus, the name was changed to
617:
64:
510:
available from experimental rats, which can be maintained with infections. Genetic material of other species, such as
1073:- (stem augmentation) plus the genitive inflection appropriate to the sex and number of the person(s) honoured (e.g.
2023:
371:, but also patients with an immune system that is severely suppressed for other reasons, for example, following a
2206:
1066:
298:
takes place within the cysts, or what the genetic status is of the various cell types, is not known for certain.
274:
2257:
2088:
597:
334:. The sexual phase takes place in the host's lungs. This phase is presumed to involve formation of a diploid
1841:"Phylogeny of Pneumocystis carinii from 18 Primate Species Confirms Host Specificity and Suggests Coevolution"
2267:
258:
parasite. It is an extracellular fungus. All stages are found in lungs and because they cannot be cultured
1908:
633:
372:
359:
231:
220:
473:
is typified (both lectotypified and epitypified) by samples from human autopsies dating from the 1960s.
159:
652:
properties, Frenkel was the first to recognize the human pathogen as a distinct species. He named it "
2216:
2141:
2033:
1971:
1953:
1078:
418:
was applied to the organisms found in both rats and humans, as the parasite was not yet known to be
311:
136:
126:
116:
106:
2252:
315:
620:, Czechoslovakia, showed in a study of lung sections from 16 children that the organism labelled "
552:
in 1909, who discovered it in experimental animals, but confused it with part of the lifecycle of
1706:
1470:
1151:
816:
387:
183:
175:
59:
1053:
954:"A New Name for Pneumocystis from Humans and New Perspectives on the Host-Pathogen Relationship"
913:"Pneumocystis colonization is highly prevalent in the autopsied lungs of the general population"
426:" was proposed for the first time, to distinguish the organism found in humans from variants of
2167:
1314:
Delanoë P, Delanoë M (1912). "Sur les rapports des kystes de Carini du poumon des rats avec le
688:
was a fungal genus. Recent studies show it to be an unusual, in some ways a primitive genus of
521:
2224:
2110:
2041:
1870:
1821:
1782:
1732:
Cushion MT, Keely SP, Stringer JR (2005). "Validation of the name
Pneumocystis wakefieldiae".
1714:
1671:
1626:
1581:
1546:
1501:
1462:
1423:
1221:
1143:
1035:
983:
934:
893:
808:
676:
has had a broader application to many species. Frenkel and those before him believed that all
624:" was the causative agent of pneumonia in these children. The following year, Czech scientist
583:
554:
383:
323:
272:
stage is thought to be equivalent to the so-called vegetative state of other species (such as
2229:
2046:
1860:
1852:
1813:
1772:
1741:
1698:
1661:
1616:
1573:
1536:
1454:
1271:
1211:
1203:
1135:
1025:
1017:
973:
965:
924:
883:
875:
800:
498:
species cannot be grown in culture, so the availability of the human disease-causing agent,
283:
406:. In HIV patients, most cases occur when the CD4 count is below 200 cells per microliter.
367:
pneumonia is an important disease of immunocompromised humans, particularly patients with
1445:; etiologic agent of interstitial plasma cell pneumonia of premature and young infants".
743:
from rats actually infects humans. In an intermediate classification system, the various
644:
from humans could not infect experimental animals such as rats, and that the rat form of
625:
1002:
43:
2136:
1966:
1216:
1191:
1030:
978:
953:
888:
863:
575:
559:
419:
227:
1577:
2246:
2102:
1945:
1865:
1840:
1777:
1760:
1414:
Vanek J, Jírovec O, Lukes J (1953). "Interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in infants".
1139:
838:
604:
cases – a 4-month-old infant and a 21-year-old adult. There being only one described
549:
536:
has been sequenced from a bronchoalveolar lavage sample. The genome is small, low in
1856:
1474:
1276:
1259:
1155:
17:
2115:
1492:
n. sp. from man: morphology, physiology, and immunology in relation to pathology".
862:
Richard S, Almeida JM, Cissé OH, Luraschi A, Nielsen O, Pagni M, Hauser PM (2018).
820:
705:
431:
376:
327:
582:. The genus was again discovered in 1912 by Delanoë and Delanoë, this time at the
391:
1817:
286:
branch of the fungal kingdom. The trophozoite stage is single-celled and appears
2193:
2082:
2010:
1063:
567:
399:
269:
2073:
1745:
668:, which is why both names still appear in publications. However, only the name
430:
in other animals. The organism was named thus in honor of Czech parasitologist
1621:
1600:
689:
347:
96:
1931:
350:. The ascospores may be disseminated by airborne transmission to new hosts.
2123:
1093:
681:
255:
76:
1874:
1825:
1786:
1718:
1675:
1630:
1585:
1550:
1466:
1427:
1225:
1147:
1039:
1021:
987:
969:
938:
897:
812:
1891:
1666:
1645:
1458:
1207:
879:
708:
with each species. Currently, only five species have been formally named:
2175:
2067:
1992:
1925:
1505:
287:
804:
586:
in Paris, who found it in rats and proposed the genus and species name
2154:
1984:
1710:
697:
649:
637:
605:
601:
403:
339:
331:
295:
260:
660:- see nomenclature above). Controversy existed over the relabeling of
2180:
1997:
767:. This terminology is still used by some researchers. The species of
579:
335:
319:
212:
86:
1902:
1702:
1395:, the cause of interstitial plasmacellular pneumonia in neonates)".
1360:
Vanek J. (1951). "Atypicka (interstitiálni) pneumonie detí vyvolaná
375:. In humans with a normal immune system, it is an extremely common
2128:
1541:
1520:
1391:
puvodce t. zv intertitialnich plasmocelularnich pneumonii kojencw (
929:
912:
693:
609:
520:
457:). Both spellings are commonly used, but according to the ICNafp,
343:
291:
1094:"International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants"
744:
704:
that is incapable of cross-infecting other host species and has
537:
1958:
1906:
548:
The earliest report of this genus appears to have been that of
451:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
453:(ICNafp), which requires such names be spelled with double i (
368:
1599:
Hugot J, Demanche C, Barriel V, Dei-Cas E, Guillot J (2003).
672:
is used exclusively for the human pathogen, whereas the name
502:, is limited. Hence, investigation of the whole genome of a
469:
as examples of the change in ICN Article 45, Ex 7. The name
1601:"Phylogenetic systematics and evolution of primate-derived
1605:
based on mitochondrial or nuclear DNA sequence comparison"
1118:
Redhead SA, Cushion MT, Frenkel JK, Stringer JR (2006). "
540:
content, and lacks most amino-acid biosynthesis enzymes.
326:. The mode of sexual reproduction appears to be primary
1364:(Atypical interstitial pneumonia of infants produced by
1169:
952:
Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE (2002).
684:, but soon afterwards evidence began accumulating that
382:
Identified by methenamine silver stain of lung tissue,
234:. Prior to its discovery as a human-specific pathogen,
1058:
If the personal name ends with a consonant (except -
700:, including humans, appears to have its own type of
2057:
1915:
911:Ponce CA, Gallo M, Bustamante R, Vargas SL (2010).
759:, while the original rat infecting form was called
751:or forms. For example, the human "form" was called
1644:Keely S, Fischer J, Cushion M, Stringer J (2004).
346:containing the products of meiosis, eight haploid
250:The complete lifecycles of any of the species of
1337:van der Meer MG, Brug SL (1942). "Infection à
1291:Carini A. (1910). "Formas des eschizogonia do
1241:Vorläufige Mitteilung. Arch. Schiff. Tropenhyg
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
616:. Nine years later (1951), Dr. Josef Vanek at
1804:species, co-evolution and pathogenic power".
443:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
8:
1190:Cisse, O. H; Pagni, M; Hauser, P. M (2012).
786:
784:
1650:sp. nov., a new species in laboratory mice"
648:differed physiologically and had different
612:, they considered the human parasite to be
1903:
1800:Aliouat-Denis, C-M.; et al. (2008). "
42:
31:
1864:
1776:
1665:
1620:
1540:
1320:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
1275:
1215:
1029:
1001:Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF (2009).
977:
928:
887:
857:
855:
780:
1239:Chagas C (1909). "Neue Trypanosomen".
747:in different mammals have been called
731:Historical and even recent reports of
441:The name was spelled according to the
570:infecting humans. The rediscovery of
7:
2217:b50139eb-b8ea-4472-8424-14972a53fd6f
2034:75b8c351-efd0-4789-b7f2-68568114deba
1525:: has the name really been changed?"
739:) which does not mean that the true
1341:chez l'homme et chez les animaux".
1126:: nomenclature and typifications".
514:, can be compared to the genome of
318:phases. Asexual multiplication of
562:) and later called both organisms
25:
1806:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
640:. Following the realization that
1890:
1839:Demanche C, et al. (2001).
1778:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00037.x
1646:"Phylogenetic identification of
1140:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00072.x
1003:"Spelling Pneumocystis jiroveci"
63:
1857:10.1128/JCM.39.6.2126-2133.2001
1759:Dei-Cas E, et al. (2006).
1277:10.1590/S0074-02761909000200008
716:as originally named from rats,
264:, direct observation of living
422:-specific. In 1976, the name "
1:
1578:10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70663-6
1170:"Pneumocystis Genome Project"
837:. Dpd.cdc.gov. Archived from
835:"see DPDx life-cycle diagram"
396:trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
392:hematoxylin and eosin-stained
1818:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.05.001
1010:Emerging Infectious Diseases
958:Emerging Infectious Diseases
618:Charles University in Prague
342:, and then production of an
219:. The causative organism of
1054:"ICBN Recommendation 60C.1"
506:is largely based upon true
310:is thought to include both
2284:
2263:Fungal pathogens of humans
1746:10.3852/mycologia.97.1.268
394:slides. Drug of choice is
357:
1622:10.1080/10635150390250893
275:Schizosaccharomyces pombe
189:
182:
165:
158:
60:Scientific classification
58:
50:
41:
34:
692:, related to a group of
598:congenital heart disease
1494:Natl Cancer Inst Monogr
1343:Amer Soc Belge Méd Trop
772:they are cryptic taxa.
322:cells likely occurs by
232:immunocompromised hosts
1917:Pneumocystis jirovecii
1897:Pneumocystis jirovecii
1397:CSL. Hyg. Epid. Mikrob
1069:are formed by adding -
1022:10.3201/eid1503.081060
970:10.3201/eid0809.020096
634:interstitial pneumonia
574:cysts was reported by
529:
447:Pneumocystis jirovecii
373:bone marrow transplant
360:Pneumocystis pneumonia
204:Pneumocystis jirovecii
169:Pneumocystis jirovecii
36:Pneumocystis jirovecii
1667:10.1099/mic.0.26921-0
1490:Pneumocystis jiroveci
1459:10.1542/peds.19.4.543
1441:Gajdusek DC (1957). "
1297:Soc Med Cir São Paulo
1264:Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
1208:10.1128/mBio.00428-12
880:10.1128/mBio.02201-17
654:Pneumocystis jiroveci
524:
424:Pneumocystis jiroveci
358:Further information:
230:, particularly among
226:, it is an important
2089:Pneumocystis carinii
2059:Pneumocystis carinii
1899:at Wikimedia Commons
1523:Pneumocystis carinii
1519:Gigliotti F (2005).
1488:Frenkel JK (1976). "
1443:Pneumocystis carinii
1393:Pneumocystis carinii
1389:Pneumocystis carinii
1387:Jírovec O. (1952). "
1366:Pneumocystis carinii
1362:Pneumocystis carinii
1128:J Eukaryot Microbiol
761:Pneumocystis carinii
753:Pneumocystis carinii
724:also from rats, and
588:Pneumocystis carinii
564:Schizotrypanum cruzi
525:Microscopy image of
416:Pneumocystis carinii
193:Pneumocystis carinii
107:Pneumocystidomycetes
18:Pneumocystis carinii
1765:FEMS Microbiol. Rev
1648:Pneumocystis murina
1416:Annales Paediatrici
805:10.1038/nature05110
449:, according to the
414:At first, the name
388:type II pneumocytes
1845:J. Clin. Microbiol
1566:Lancet Infect. Dis
1453:(4 Pt 1): 543–65.
1316:Trypanosoma lewisi
1293:Trypanosoma lewisi
1098:www.iapt-taxon.org
632:" as the cause of
600:and in two of 104
530:
384:type I pneumocytes
332:self-fertilization
268:is difficult. The
211:) is a yeast-like
2240:
2239:
2225:Open Tree of Life
2042:Open Tree of Life
1909:Taxon identifiers
1895:Media related to
1660:(Pt 5): 1153–65.
1258:Chagas C (1909).
1124:Trypanosoma cruzi
799:(7113): 818–822.
584:Pasteur Institute
578:in 1910, also in
558:(causal agent of
555:Trypanosoma cruzi
354:Medical relevance
306:The lifecycle of
200:
199:
151:P. jirovecii
127:Pneumocystidaceae
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
2275:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2196:
2194:NHMSYS0020535955
2184:
2183:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2157:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2050:
2049:
2037:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2013:
2011:NHMSYS0020535956
2001:
2000:
1988:
1987:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1904:
1894:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1851:(6): 2126–2133.
1836:
1830:
1829:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1202:(1): e00428–12.
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1007:
998:
992:
991:
981:
949:
943:
942:
932:
908:
902:
901:
891:
859:
850:
849:
847:
846:
831:
825:
824:
788:
749:formae speciales
656:" (corrected to
434:, who described
377:silent infection
284:Taphrinomycotina
282:, belong to the
171:
117:Pneumocystidales
68:
67:
54:cysts in tissue
46:
32:
21:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2258:Parasitic fungi
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2114:
2109:
2101:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2017:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1911:
1887:
1882:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1703:10.2307/3762163
1688:
1687:
1683:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1529:Clin Infect Dis
1518:
1517:
1513:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1172:. Pgp.cchmc.org
1168:
1167:
1163:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1079:Théodore Lecard
1052:
1051:
1047:
1016:(3): 506a–506.
1005:
1000:
999:
995:
951:
950:
946:
917:Clin Infect Dis
910:
909:
905:
861:
860:
853:
844:
842:
833:
832:
828:
790:
789:
782:
778:
722:P. wakefieldiae
696:. Every tested
546:
493:
412:
362:
356:
304:
248:
178:
173:
167:
154:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2268:Fungus species
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2211:
2198:
2185:
2172:
2159:
2146:
2133:
2120:
2107:
2094:
2079:
2063:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2038:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1886:
1885:External links
1883:
1881:
1880:
1831:
1812:(5): 708–726.
1792:
1771:(6): 853–871.
1751:
1724:
1697:(3): 429–438.
1681:
1636:
1615:(6): 735–744.
1591:
1556:
1542:10.1086/498150
1535:(12): 1752–5.
1511:
1480:
1433:
1406:
1379:
1370:Casop Lék Cesk
1352:
1329:
1306:
1283:
1270:(2): 159–218.
1250:
1231:
1182:
1161:
1103:
1085:
1045:
993:
944:
930:10.1086/649868
923:(3): 347–353.
903:
851:
826:
779:
777:
774:
728:from rabbits.
590:after Carini.
576:Antonio Carini
560:Chagas disease
545:
542:
532:The genome of
492:
486:
411:
408:
355:
352:
338:, followed by
324:binary fission
303:
300:
278:), which like
247:
244:
228:human pathogen
198:
197:
196:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
174:
163:
162:
156:
155:
148:
146:
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2280:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1004:
997:
994:
989:
985:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
948:
945:
940:
936:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
904:
899:
895:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
856:
852:
841:on 2013-03-18
840:
836:
830:
827:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
785:
781:
775:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
726:P. oryctolagi
723:
719:
715:
712:from humans,
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:in humans as
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
551:
550:Carlos Chagas
543:
541:
539:
535:
528:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
490:
487:
485:
483:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
409:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
245:
243:
241:
238:was known as
237:
233:
229:
225:
223:
218:
215:of the genus
214:
210:
206:
205:
194:
191:
190:
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
164:
161:
160:Binomial name
157:
153:
152:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2058:
1916:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1809:
1805:
1802:Pneumocystis
1801:
1795:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1657:
1654:Microbiology
1653:
1647:
1639:
1612:
1608:
1603:Pneumocystis
1602:
1594:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1514:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1342:
1339:Pneumocystis
1338:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1174:. Retrieved
1164:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:Pneumocystis
1119:
1097:
1088:
1074:
1070:
1064:substantival
1059:
1057:
1048:
1013:
1009:
996:
964:(9): 891–6.
961:
957:
947:
920:
916:
906:
871:
867:
843:. Retrieved
839:the original
829:
796:
792:
769:Pneumocystis
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
740:
737:Pneumocystis
736:
732:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:P. jirovecii
709:
702:Pneumocystis
701:
686:Pneumocystis
685:
678:Pneumocystis
677:
673:
670:P. jirovecii
669:
666:P. jirovecii
665:
661:
658:P. jirovecii
657:
653:
646:Pneumocystis
645:
642:Pneumocystis
641:
629:
626:Otto Jírovec
621:
613:
594:Pneumocystis
593:
592:
587:
572:Pneumocystis
571:
566:, a form of
563:
553:
547:
534:P. jirovecii
533:
531:
527:P. jirovecii
526:
515:
512:P. jirovecii
511:
507:
504:Pneumocystis
503:
500:P. jirovecii
499:
496:Pneumocystis
495:
494:
489:Pneumocystis
488:
481:
479:
475:
470:
466:
463:Pneumocystis
462:
459:P. jirovecii
458:
454:
446:
440:
436:Pneumocystis
435:
432:Otto Jirovec
428:Pneumocystis
427:
423:
415:
413:
410:Nomenclature
381:
365:Pneumocystis
364:
363:
330:, a form of
328:homothallism
308:P. jirovecii
307:
305:
302:Homothallism
280:Pneumocystis
279:
273:
266:Pneumocystis
265:
259:
252:Pneumocystis
251:
249:
239:
236:P. jirovecii
235:
222:Pneumocystis
221:
217:Pneumocystis
216:
208:
207:(previously
203:
202:
201:
192:
168:
166:
150:
149:
138:Pneumocystis
137:
52:P. jirovecii
51:
35:
29:
2083:Wikispecies
1422:(1): 1–21.
1134:(1): 2–11.
720:from mice,
568:trypanosome
471:P. jiroveci
467:P. jiroveci
400:pentamidine
270:trophozoite
176:J.K.Frenkel
2253:Ascomycota
2247:Categories
1572:(1): 3–5.
1447:Pediatrics
1247:: 120–122.
1176:2013-03-26
845:2013-03-26
776:References
741:P. carinii
733:P. carinii
714:P. carinii
706:co-evolved
690:Ascomycota
682:protozoans
674:P. carinii
662:P. carinii
630:P. carinii
628:reported "
622:P. carinii
614:P. carinii
516:P. carinii
508:P. carinii
482:P. carinii
348:ascospores
240:P. carinii
209:P. carinii
97:Ascomycota
93:Division:
1734:Mycologia
1691:Mycologia
1609:Syst Biol
1500:: 13–27.
1376:: 1121–4.
1326:: 658–61.
718:P. murina
650:antigenic
480:The name
256:protozoan
246:Lifecycle
224:pneumonia
145:Species:
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
2176:MycoBank
2168:10730690
2137:Fungorum
2103:60022106
2098:AusFungi
2074:Q2099992
2068:Wikidata
1993:MycoBank
1967:Fungorum
1946:60022107
1941:AusFungi
1926:Wikidata
1875:11376046
1826:18565802
1787:17064284
1719:21148866
1676:15133075
1631:14668114
1586:17182335
1551:16288399
1475:19507186
1467:13419426
1428:13051050
1349:: 301–9.
1226:23269827
1156:38119833
1148:16441572
1075:lecardii
1067:epithets
1040:19239784
988:12194762
939:20047487
898:29463658
813:17051209
638:neonates
288:amoeboid
184:Synonyms
123:Family:
73:Domain:
2155:2610979
1985:2610978
1932:Q134478
1740:: 268.
1711:3762163
1217:3531804
1031:2681121
979:2732539
889:5821091
821:4302864
765:carinii
757:hominis
698:primate
608:in the
606:species
602:autopsy
544:History
404:dapsone
340:meiosis
320:haploid
312:asexual
296:meiosis
261:ex vivo
133:Genus:
113:Order:
103:Class:
2230:352919
2214:NZOR:
2181:446182
2142:446182
2129:PNCCCA
2047:405725
2031:NZOR:
1998:450384
1972:450385
1959:200101
1873:
1863:
1824:
1785:
1717:
1709:
1674:
1629:
1584:
1549:
1506:828240
1504:
1473:
1465:
1426:
1403:: 141.
1224:
1214:
1154:
1146:
1038:
1028:
986:
976:
937:
896:
886:
819:
811:
793:Nature
694:yeasts
580:Brazil
491:genome
386:, and
336:zygote
316:sexual
213:fungus
2163:IRMNG
2116:4KKVH
2024:42068
1866:88100
1707:JSTOR
1471:S2CID
1152:S2CID
1006:(PDF)
874:(1).
817:S2CID
680:were
610:genus
402:, or
344:ascus
292:ascus
87:Fungi
2207:4754
2202:NCBI
2150:GBIF
2124:EPPO
2019:NCBI
1980:GBIF
1871:PMID
1822:PMID
1783:PMID
1715:PMID
1672:PMID
1627:PMID
1582:PMID
1547:PMID
1502:PMID
1463:PMID
1424:PMID
1368:)".
1303:(8).
1222:PMID
1196:mBio
1144:PMID
1122:and
1077:for
1036:PMID
984:PMID
935:PMID
894:PMID
868:mBio
809:PMID
763:f.
755:f.
745:taxa
465:and
420:host
314:and
2189:NBN
2111:CoL
2006:NBN
1954:EoL
1861:PMC
1853:doi
1814:doi
1773:doi
1742:doi
1699:doi
1662:doi
1658:150
1617:doi
1574:doi
1537:doi
1455:doi
1420:180
1324:155
1318:".
1295:".
1272:doi
1212:PMC
1204:doi
1136:doi
1062:),
1026:PMC
1018:doi
974:PMC
966:doi
925:doi
884:PMC
876:doi
801:doi
797:443
636:in
538:G+C
369:HIV
2249::
2227::
2204::
2191::
2178::
2165::
2152::
2139::
2126::
2113::
2100::
2085::
2070::
2044::
2021::
2008::
1995::
1982::
1969::
1956::
1943::
1928::
1869:.
1859:.
1849:39
1847:.
1843:.
1820:.
1808:.
1781:.
1769:30
1767:.
1763:.
1738:97
1736:.
1713:.
1705:.
1695:96
1693:.
1670:.
1656:.
1652:.
1625:.
1613:52
1611:.
1607:.
1580:.
1568:.
1545:.
1533:41
1531:.
1527:.
1498:43
1496:.
1469:.
1461:.
1451:19
1449:.
1418:.
1399:.
1374:90
1372:.
1347:22
1345:.
1322:.
1301:38
1299:.
1266:.
1262:.
1245:13
1243:.
1220:.
1210:.
1198:.
1194:.
1150:.
1142:.
1132:53
1130:.
1106:^
1096:.
1081:).
1060:er
1056:.
1034:.
1024:.
1014:15
1012:.
1008:.
982:.
972:.
960:.
956:.
933:.
921:50
919:.
915:.
892:.
882:.
870:.
866:.
854:^
815:.
807:.
795:.
783:^
518:.
455:ii
398:,
379:.
242:.
1877:.
1855::
1828:.
1816::
1810:8
1789:.
1775::
1748:.
1744::
1721:.
1701::
1678:.
1664::
1633:.
1619::
1588:.
1576::
1570:7
1553:.
1539::
1521:"
1508:.
1477:.
1457::
1430:.
1401:1
1280:.
1274::
1268:1
1228:.
1206::
1200:4
1179:.
1158:.
1138::
1100:.
1071:i
1042:.
1020::
990:.
968::
962:8
941:.
927::
900:.
878::
872:9
848:.
823:.
803::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
