439:
467:
287:
482:
455:
680:
424:
438:
72:
796:
In the era before the existence of HIV/AIDS in humans, clinical transplant immunology, and widespread immunomodulatory therapy for autoimmune diseases, the neonatal and infantile population was the principal immunity-limited population. For example, a 1955 review article stated, "Interstitial plasma
728:
study conducted in Chile of 96 persons who died of unrelated causes (suicide, traffic accidents, and so forth) found that 65 (68%) of them had pneumocystis in their lungs, which suggests that asymptomatic pneumocystis infection is extremely common. Up to 20% of adults may be asymptomatic carriers at
524:, which typically do not form aggregates of spores or cells). A lung biopsy would show thickened alveolar septa with fluffy eosinophilic exudate in the alveoli. Both the thickened septa and the fluffy exudate contribute to dysfunctional diffusion capacity that is characteristic of this pneumonia.
466:
756:
epidemic, PCP has been closely associated with AIDS. Because it only occurs in an immunocompromised host, it may be the first clue to a new AIDS diagnosis if the patient has no other reason to be immunocompromised (e.g. taking immunosuppressive drugs for
797:
cell pneumonia is a type of infantile pneumonia, occurring chiefly in Europe." It also stated, "The etiology is unknown, but the disease acts like an infection in its epidemiology. No present-day therapeutic measures seem to be of any definite value."
735:
is commonly believed to be a commensal organism (dependent upon its human host for survival). The possibility of person-to-person transmission has recently gained credence, with supporting evidence coming from many different genotyping studies of
481:
2227:
2207:
385:) exhibit an amoeboid form, without flagellum, which makes it difficult to identify them under the microscope. Amoeboid transformation is an argument in favor of a deleterious action, which nevertheless remains conjectural.
768:
Prior to the development of more effective treatments, PCP was a common and rapid cause of death in persons living with AIDS. Much of the incidence of PCP has been reduced by instituting a standard practice of using oral
1883:
Masur H, Michelis MA, Greene JB, Onorato I, Stouwe RA, Holzman RS, et al. (December 1981). "An outbreak of community-acquired
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction".
693:, such as premature or severely malnourished children, the elderly, and especially persons living with HIV/AIDS (in whom it is most commonly observed). PCP can also develop in patients who are taking
409:
are also useful in the diagnosis. They are abnormal in about 90% of cases and are often positive before the chest X-ray becomes abnormal. Chest X-ray typically shows widespread pulmonary infiltrates.
3880:
321:
individuals, the manifestations of the infection are highly variable. The disease attacks the interstitial, fibrous tissue of the lungs, with marked thickening of the alveolar septa and
238:(who account for 30-40% of PCP cases), those using medications that suppress the immune system, and people with cancer, autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, and chronic lung disease.
887:
pneumonia, it was at first asked whether "PJP" should replace "PCP". However, because the short name "PCP" was already well established among physicians that managed patients with
598:
to avoid inflammation, which causes an exacerbation of symptoms about 4 days after treatment begins if steroids are not used. By far, the most commonly used medication is
1814:"An outbreak of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia with 1 predominant genotype among renal transplant recipients: interhuman transmission or a common environmental source?"
994:
Aliouat-Denis CM, Chabé M, Demanche C, Aliouat EM, Viscogliosi E, Guillot J, et al. (September 2008). "Pneumocystis species, co-evolution and pathogenic power".
286:
3499:
1280:
454:
448:. The left X-ray shows a much more subtle ground-glass appearance while the right X-ray shows a much more gross ground-glass appearance mimicking pulmonary edema.
4344:
1679:
Ponce CA, Gallo M, Bustamante R, Vargas SL (February 2010). "Pneumocystis colonization is highly prevalent in the autopsied lungs of the general population".
1048:
Ponce CA, Gallo M, Bustamante R, Vargas SL (February 2010). "Pneumocystis colonization is highly prevalent in the autopsied lungs of the general population".
761:). An unusual rise in the number of PCP cases in North America, noticed when physicians began requesting large quantities of the rarely used antibiotic
1225:
4099:
1181:
Kanne JP, Yandow DR, Meyer CA (June 2012). "Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia: high-resolution CT findings in patients with and without HIV infection".
333:
levels increase and gas exchange is compromised. Oxygen is less able to diffuse into the blood, leading to hypoxia, which along with high arterial
4123:
3895:
3106:
2790:
423:
1392:
602:, but some patients are unable to tolerate this treatment due to allergies. Other medications that are used, alone or in combination, include
3870:
1525:
501:
777:
counts less than 200/μL. In populations who do not have access to preventive treatment, PCP continues to be a major cause of death in AIDS.
3021:
2761:
2757:
277:- typically dry/non-productive because sputum becomes too viscous to be coughed up. The dry cough distinguishes PCP from typical pneumonia.
226:
specimens are commonly found in the lungs of healthy people although it is usually not a cause for disease. However, they are a source of
4556:
4339:
4094:
3492:
472:
356:
pneumonia, the overgrowth of the fungus is associated to a co-infection with trichomonads, unicellular flagellated parabasalid protist (
298:
4349:
4145:
4546:
4326:
3826:
3521:
3516:
2971:
2327:
1256:
3006:
2785:
2780:
2487:
4582:
4290:
3111:
2752:
2477:
4561:
3485:
2482:
487:
HRCT of cysts of pneumocystis pneumonia. These are usually multiple and bilateral, but range in size, shape and distribution.
4027:
1812:
de Boer MG, Bruijnesteijn van
Coppenraet LE, Gaasbeek A, Berger SP, Gelinck LB, van Houwelingen HC, et al. (May 2007).
4135:
2826:
599:
575:
145:
4597:
4334:
4285:
4118:
4056:
3374:
516:. The cysts resemble crushed ping-pong balls and are present in aggregates of two to eight (and not to be confused with
4295:
3446:
702:
1724:"Molecular evidence of nosocomial Pneumocystis jirovecii transmission among 16 patients after kidney transplantation"
4481:
2552:
2494:
505:
492:
The diagnosis can be definitively confirmed by histological identification of the causative organism in sputum or
4354:
3979:
3953:
3678:
3579:
3282:
539:
4130:
821:
name per se and the other uses the common noun based on it. (This is the same reason, for example, why "group A
4602:
3958:
3943:
3936:
3841:
3802:
3749:
3727:
3685:
3613:
3289:
2851:
2531:
2242:
689:
The disease PCP is relatively rare in people with normal immune systems, but common among people with weakened
342:
4109:
729:
any given time, and asymptomatic infection may persist for months before being cleared by an immune response.
4258:
3900:
3816:
3691:
3370:
3333:
3275:
3200:
3175:
3169:
2966:
2658:
2580:
554:. The fungus appears to be present in healthy individuals in the general population. A blood test to detect
258:, chills, and fatigue. Uncommonly, the infection may progress to involve other visceral organs (such as the
227:
83:
4384:
4198:
4113:
4066:
3765:
3608:
3398:
3329:
3057:
2986:
2976:
2961:
2867:
2832:
2804:
2769:
2741:
2559:
694:
493:
216:
130:
110:
30:
3646:
3618:
3141:
2889:
2545:
2320:
966:
381:
375:
330:
1418:
Medrano FJ, Montes-Cano M, Conde M, de la Horra C, Respaldiza N, Gasch A, et al. (February 2005).
740:
isolates from human lung tissue. For example, in one outbreak of 12 cases among transplant patients in
2919:
2077:
Cushion MT (December 1998). "Taxonomy, genetic organization, and life cycle of
Pneumocystis carinii".
891:
infection, it was widely accepted that this name could continue to be used, as it could now stand for
65:
pneumonia ; pneumocystosis; pneumocystiasis; interstitial plasma cell pneumonia; plasma cell pneumonia
4263:
4215:
4203:
4017:
3975:
3574:
3315:
3305:
3119:
3016:
3011:
2875:
2798:
2737:
623:
445:
173:
1393:"Supplementary Information: Microscopic appearance of Pneumocystis jiroveci from bronchial washings"
4531:
4498:
4244:
4193:
3821:
3641:
3508:
3427:
3155:
3147:
2981:
2573:
2231:
1396:
814:
1570:"X-linked hyper IgM syndrome with severe eosinophilia: a case report and review of the literature"
558:(a part of the cell wall of many different types of fungi) can also help in the diagnosis of PCP.
301:(ARDS) may occur in patients with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia, and such individuals may require
4587:
4389:
4254:
4210:
4042:
3963:
3890:
3760:
3339:
3321:
3137:
3133:
3050:
3043:
3001:
2747:
1704:
1325:
1274:
1206:
1096:
1073:
710:
531:
509:
398:
322:
95:
720:
pneumonia has been described in all continents except
Antarctica. More than 75% of children are
1630:
Morris A, Lundgren JD, Masur H, Walzer PD, Hanson DL, Frederick T, et al. (October 2004).
1294:
Duboucher C, Boggia R, Morel G, Capron M, Pierce RJ, Dei-Cas E, Viscogliosi E (December 2007).
4592:
4511:
3755:
3584:
3545:
3466:
3451:
2602:
2538:
2467:
2282:
2253:
2170:
2121:
2086:
2040:
1991:
1953:
1901:
1838:
1794:
1753:
1722:
Schmoldt S, Schuhegger R, Wendler T, Huber I, Söllner H, Hogardt M, et al. (March 2008).
1696:
1661:
1609:
1591:
1550:
1521:
1498:
1449:
1374:
1317:
1262:
1252:
1198:
1162:
1065:
1011:
567:
369:
326:
318:
90:
4454:
4447:
4311:
4232:
4071:
4007:
3856:
3404:
3360:
3300:
3219:
3036:
2956:
2945:
2717:
2653:
2313:
2160:
2152:
2113:
2030:
2022:
1983:
1943:
1935:
1893:
1828:
1784:
1743:
1735:
1688:
1651:
1643:
1599:
1581:
1488:
1480:
1439:
1431:
1364:
1356:
1307:
1190:
1152:
1142:
1057:
1003:
790:
758:
744:, it was suggested as likely, but not proven, that human-to-human spread may have occurred.
698:
231:
123:
17:
4476:
4428:
4316:
4267:
4188:
4104:
3912:
3261:
2616:
2509:
2504:
2445:
2408:
1541:
Puzio J, Kucewicz E, Sioła M, Dworniczak A, Wojarski J, Zegleń S, et al. (2009). "".
406:
361:
1857:
1030:
1862:
pneumonia among homosexual male residents of Los
Angeles and Range Counties, California"
4414:
4076:
3987:
3907:
3717:
3712:
3389:
3206:
3063:
2913:
2902:
2881:
2775:
2440:
2358:
2340:
2165:
2140:
2035:
2010:
1948:
1923:
1813:
1748:
1723:
1656:
1631:
1604:
1569:
1493:
1468:
1444:
1419:
1369:
1344:
1296:"Pneumocystis pneumonia: immunosuppression, Pneumocystis jirovecii...and the third man"
1157:
1130:
770:
647:
643:
635:
535:
497:
414:
334:
2305:
2236:
1987:
1789:
1772:
4576:
4506:
4220:
3931:
3477:
3461:
3422:
3355:
3268:
3191:
3096:
3080:
3029:
2895:
2862:
2857:
2638:
2472:
2450:
2428:
690:
314:
1708:
1469:"Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients"
1329:
1077:
679:
4443:
4396:
3781:
3733:
3602:
3251:
3212:
3161:
3101:
2672:
2666:
2622:
2566:
2499:
2462:
2457:
2424:
2403:
2293:
1484:
1210:
1031:"Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) Overview of Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia"
721:
663:
639:
607:
365:
294:
255:
157:
290:
X-ray and CT of ground glass opacities and pneumothorax in pneumocystis pneumonia.
2247:
1129:
Allen CM, Al-Jahdali HH, Irion KL, Al Ghanem S, Gouda A, Khan AN (October 2010).
1007:
724:
by the age of four, which suggests a high background exposure to the organism. A
475:(HRCT) showing ground-glass attenuation with a geographic or mosaic distribution.
4541:
4488:
4471:
4466:
4419:
4374:
4225:
4173:
4140:
4012:
3741:
3673:
3636:
3591:
3526:
3236:
3090:
2951:
2907:
2818:
2608:
2277:
1897:
793:. It was then known as plasma cellular interstitial pneumonitis of the newborn.
762:
631:
627:
603:
583:
571:
555:
429:
394:
357:
177:
153:
118:
99:
2258:
1974:
Sternberg SD, Rosenthal JH (April 1955). "Interstitial plasma cell pneumonia".
1586:
1360:
838:
4461:
4061:
4047:
4022:
3997:
3992:
3926:
3875:
3797:
3773:
3722:
3596:
3561:
3536:
3456:
3439:
3231:
3125:
2991:
2728:
2708:
2647:
2394:
2367:
2220:
2117:
1266:
651:
619:
615:
579:
302:
169:
165:
140:
1939:
1595:
830:
4536:
4168:
4037:
4032:
4002:
3553:
3246:
2381:
2288:
2216:
1147:
208:
2174:
2156:
2125:
2044:
2026:
1995:
1957:
1842:
1798:
1757:
1700:
1665:
1647:
1613:
1554:
1502:
1453:
1435:
1378:
1321:
1312:
1295:
1246:
1226:"What are possible complications of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP)?"
1202:
1166:
1069:
1015:
246:
Signs and symptoms may develop over several days or weeks and may include:
2199:
2104:
Cushion MT (May 2004). "Pneumocystis: unraveling the cloak of obscurity".
2090:
1905:
71:
4551:
4436:
3836:
3569:
3433:
2996:
2376:
1739:
1230:
933:
595:
235:
149:
1245:
Riedel S, Hobden JA, Miller S, Morse SA, Mietzner TA, Detrick B (2019).
1194:
825:" and "group A streptococcus" are both valid.) Synonyms for PCP include
3789:
3665:
2812:
2699:
2693:
2688:
2353:
2348:
2336:
611:
410:
393:
The diagnosis can be confirmed by the characteristic appearance of the
346:
247:
161:
856:
species that is found in rats) is still in common usage. As a result,
789:
pneumonia were described in premature infants in Europe following the
3886:
3699:
3628:
2433:
2372:
2211:
1773:"Update on the epidemiology and transmission of Pneumocystis carinii"
741:
634:
is less often used, as its major limitation is the high frequency of
329:, which can be fatal if not treated aggressively. In this situation,
267:
263:
212:
2066:(9th ed.). New York: Arnold and Oxford Press. pp. 645–683.
234:
or other predisposing health conditions. PCP is seen in people with
1833:
1692:
1061:
550:
in lung fluids does not mean that a person has PCP or infection by
3707:
2935:
2514:
2363:
818:
765:, was the first clue to the existence of AIDS in the early 1980s.
678:
659:
297:
is a well-known complication of PCP. Also, a condition similar to
285:
259:
251:
2141:"A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans"
2139:
Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE (September 2002).
2011:"A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans"
2009:
Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, Wakefield AE (September 2002).
1924:"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia"
405:) that is strikingly lower than would be expected from symptoms.
3656:
2385:
753:
655:
513:
3481:
2309:
1467:
Stern A, Green H, Paul M, Vidal L, Leibovici L (October 2014).
774:
551:
543:
538:
of the specimen, and more recently by molecular analysis of
716:
The causative organism of PCP is distributed worldwide and
432:
of increased opacification (whiteness) in the lower lungs.
417:(not to be confused with the cyst-forms of the pathogen).
2064:
773:(Bactrim / Septra) to prevent the disease in people with
1856:
Fannin S, Gottlieb MS, Weisman JD, et al. (1982).
1345:"SARS-CoV-2 and superimposed infection by trichomonads"
937:
444:
These chest radiographs are of two patients. Both show
630:. Treatment is usually for a period of about 21 days.
1248:
Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg's
Medical Microbiology
594:
Antipneumocystic medication is used with concomitant
2189:
989:
987:
4524:
4497:
4427:
4413:
4367:
4325:
4304:
4278:
4181:
4167:
4158:
4087:
3972:
3952:
3835:
3815:
3655:
3535:
3515:
3415:
3388:
3354:
3299:
3245:
3230:
3190:
3079:
2934:
2843:
2727:
2716:
2707:
2687:
2637:
2594:
2523:
2417:
2402:
2393:
2347:
2268:
2193:
139:
129:
117:
105:
89:
49:
41:
1969:
1967:
1632:"Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia"
967:"Pneumocystis pneumonia | Fungal Diseases | CDC"
546:samples. Notably, simple molecular detection of
82:cysts from bronchoalveolar lavage, stained with
1101:NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)
248:shortness of breath and/or difficulty breathing
230:and can cause lung infections in people with a
1625:
1623:
1420:"Pneumocystis jirovecii in general population"
697:. It can occur in patients who have undergone
3493:
2321:
2062:". In Collier L, Balows A, Sussman M (eds.).
8:
1771:Morris A, Beard CB, Huang L (January 2002).
713:, an X-linked or autosomal recessive trait.
317:levels are less than 400 cells/μL. In these
1928:Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease
1917:
1915:
1473:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4424:
4178:
4164:
3969:
3832:
3532:
3500:
3486:
3478:
3242:
2724:
2713:
2704:
2414:
2399:
2390:
2328:
2314:
2306:
2190:
1279:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
709:pneumonia are also common in infants with
70:
38:
4100:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
2553:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
2164:
2034:
1947:
1832:
1788:
1747:
1655:
1603:
1585:
1492:
1443:
1368:
1311:
1156:
1146:
1131:"Imaging lung manifestations of HIV/AIDS"
875:Regarding nomenclature, when the name of
460:X-ray of a cyst in pneumocystis pneumonia
254:, dry/non-productive cough, weight loss,
1568:Li H, Cao Y, Ma J, Li C (4 April 2022).
939:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
4124:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
3107:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
2791:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
1922:Carmona EM, Limper AH (February 2011).
912:
419:
1272:
1183:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
352:In addition, in symptomatic cases of
7:
3022:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
2762:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
2758:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
1171:Creative Commons Attribution License
1091:
1089:
1087:
1029:Bennett NJ, Gilroy SA (2017-08-08).
4557:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
1886:The New England Journal of Medicine
1858:"A Cluster of Kaposi's Sarcoma and
705:and after surgery. Infections with
530:infection can also be diagnosed by
473:High-resolution computed tomography
299:acute respiratory distress syndrome
4146:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
3509:Diseases of the respiratory system
2079:Seminars in Respiratory Infections
843:interstitial plasma cell pneumonia
586:inhalations may help prevent PCP.
25:
1543:Anestezjologia Intensywna Terapia
996:Infection, Genetics and Evolution
860:pneumonia (PCP) is also known as
364:. These parasites (including the
211:that is caused by the yeast-like
3007:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
2786:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
2781:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
2488:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
1728:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
652:decreased white blood cell count
480:
465:
453:
437:
422:
3112:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
2753:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
2478:White superficial onychomycosis
1251:(28th ed.). New York, NY.
852:(which now applies only to the
313:The risk of PCP increases when
4562:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
2483:Distal subungual onychomycosis
1516:Ryan KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).
1485:10.1002/14651858.CD005590.pub3
1:
4136:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2827:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1988:10.1016/S0022-3476(55)80142-4
1790:10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01514-3
1520:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill.
879:pneumonia (PCP) changed from
695:immunosuppressive medications
600:trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
576:trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
4119:Respiratory hypersensitivity
4057:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
3375:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
2868:South American blastomycosis
2863:North American blastomycosis
2468:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
2145:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2058:Cushion MT (1998). "Ch. 34:
2015:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1821:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1681:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1636:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1518:Sherris Medical Microbiology
1424:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1300:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
1050:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1008:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.05.001
496:(lung rinse). Staining with
18:Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
4028:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
3447:Granuloma gluteale infantum
2473:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
1898:10.1056/NEJM198112103052402
1135:Annals of Thoracic Medicine
703:bone marrow transplantation
699:solid organ transplantation
626:(under investigation), and
4619:
3881:Acute exacerbation of COPD
2495:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
1587:10.1186/s12887-022-03251-z
1361:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.038
1343:Duboucher C (March 2021).
506:periodic acid-Schiff stain
28:
3283:Syncephalastrum racemosum
2118:10.1016/j.tim.2004.03.005
1976:The Journal of Pediatrics
1224:Bennett NJ (2017-08-08).
540:polymerase chain reaction
512:shows the characteristic
325:, leading to significant
78:
69:
3944:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
3937:Bronchiolitis obliterans
3803:Laryngotracheal stenosis
3750:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3728:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3686:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3614:Nasal septum perforation
3290:Apophysomyces variabilis
2852:Blastomyces dermatitidis
2567:Trichophyton schoenleini
2532:Epidermophyton floccosum
1940:10.1177/1753465810380102
1349:The Journal of Infection
1097:"Pneumocystis Pneumonia"
510:immunofluorescence assay
135:Other types of pneumonia
53:Pneumocystis pneumonia;
29:Not to be confused with
3692:Retropharyngeal abscess
3371:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
3334:Conidiobolus incongruus
3276:Lichtheimia corymbifera
3201:Cryptococcus neoformans
3170:Pseudallescheria boydii
2659:Malassezia folliculitis
2581:Trichophyton verrucosum
1148:10.4103/1817-1737.69106
848:The older species name
752:Since the start of the
640:pancreatic inflammation
343:hyperventilatory effort
228:opportunistic infection
4583:Animal fungal diseases
4385:Pulmonary hypertension
4114:Eosinophilic pneumonia
3766:Vocal cord dysfunction
3609:Nasal septum deviation
3399:Rhinosporidium seeberi
3330:Conidiobolus coronatus
3069:Pneumocystis pneumonia
3058:Pneumocystis jirovecii
2987:Candidal onychomycosis
2977:Antibiotic candidiasis
2833:Paracoccidioidomycosis
2805:African histoplasmosis
2770:Histoplasma capsulatum
2742:Coccidioides posadasii
2560:Trichophyton tonsurans
2157:10.3201/eid0809.020096
2106:Trends in Microbiology
2027:10.3201/eid0809.020096
1777:Microbes and Infection
1648:10.3201/eid1010.030985
1436:10.3201/eid1102.040487
1313:10.1038/nrmicro1621-c1
817:correct; one uses the
811:pneumocystis pneumonia
686:
684:Pneumocystis jirovecii
638:. These include acute
536:histochemical staining
494:bronchoalveolar lavage
446:ground glass opacities
291:
217:Pneumocystis jirovecii
199:Pneumocystis jirovecii
131:Differential diagnosis
124:Weakened immune system
111:Pneumocystis jirovecii
84:Toluidine blue O stain
80:Pneumocystis jirovecii
55:Pneumocystis jirovecii
31:Pneumococcal pneumonia
4512:Mediastinal emphysema
4291:Healthcare-associated
4221:Legionnaires' disease
3647:Peritonsillar abscess
3619:Nasal septal hematoma
3142:Phialophora verrucosa
2972:Chronic mucocutaneous
2890:Talaromyces marneffei
2546:Microsporum audouinii
866:and (incorrectly) as
862:Pneumocystis jiroveci
682:
574:with co-trimoxazole (
399:arterial oxygen level
382:Tritrichomonas foetus
376:Trichomonas vaginalis
341:) levels, stimulates
331:lactate dehydrogenase
289:
59:Pneumocystis jiroveci
4259:Mendelson's syndrome
4131:Hamman–Rich syndrome
3316:Basidiobolus ranarum
3306:Entomophthoramycosis
3120:Exophiala jeanselmei
3017:Systemic candidiasis
3012:Perianal candidiasis
2876:Sporothrix schenckii
2799:Histoplasma duboisii
2738:Coccidioides immitis
2060:Pneumocystis carinii
1860:Pneumocystis carinii
1740:10.1128/JCM.02016-07
868:Pneumocystis carinii
850:Pneumocystis carinii
675:Current epidemiology
624:pafuramidine maleate
250:(of gradual onset),
174:pafuramidine maleate
63:Pneumocystis carinii
4598:Atypical pneumonias
4532:Respiratory failure
4499:Mediastinal disease
4067:Bird fancier's lung
3642:Adenoid hypertrophy
3428:Fungal folliculitis
3156:Geotrichum candidum
3148:Chromoblastomycosis
2992:Candidal paronychia
2982:Candidal intertrigo
2574:Trichophyton rubrum
1195:10.2214/AJR.11.7329
785:The first cases of
542:products comparing
315:CD4-positive T-cell
4437:Pleuritis/pleurisy
4390:Pulmonary embolism
4286:Community-acquired
4211:Atypical bacterial
4110:Löffler's syndrome
3891:Status asthmaticus
3876:Chronic bronchitis
3761:Vocal fold paresis
3575:Vasomotor rhinitis
3340:Conidiobolomycosis
3322:Basidiobolomycosis
3138:Fonsecaea compacta
3134:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
3002:Diaper candidiasis
2748:Coccidioidomycosis
2269:External resources
711:hyper IgM syndrome
687:
349:(breathlessness).
345:, thereby causing
292:
242:Signs and symptoms
232:weak immune system
96:Infectious disease
4570:
4569:
4520:
4519:
4477:Empyema/pyothorax
4409:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4363:
4362:
4296:Hospital-acquired
4154:
4153:
4018:Caplan's syndrome
3811:
3810:
3756:Vocal fold nodule
3580:Atrophic rhinitis
3475:
3474:
3467:Phaeohyphomycosis
3452:Hyalohyphomycosis
3384:
3383:
3350:
3349:
3186:
3185:
2930:
2929:
2683:
2682:
2648:Malassezia furfur
2633:
2632:
2603:Hortaea werneckii
2590:
2589:
2539:Microsporum canis
2303:
2302:
1892:(24): 1431–1438.
1642:(10): 1713–1720.
1527:978-0-8385-8529-0
568:immunocompromised
532:immunofluorescent
370:Trichomonas tenax
196:), also known as
184:
183:
36:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4610:
4455:Pleural effusion
4448:Hemopneumothorax
4425:
4179:
4165:
4008:Bauxite fibrosis
3973:External agents/
3970:
3901:Exercise-induced
3857:Acute bronchitis
3833:
3533:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3479:
3405:Rhinosporidiosis
3361:Microsporidiosis
3301:Entomophthorales
3243:
3220:Trichosporonosis
2946:Candida albicans
2920:Adiaspiromycosis
2725:
2714:
2705:
2654:Tinea versicolor
2415:
2400:
2391:
2337:Fungal infection
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1827:(9): 1143–1149.
1818:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1589:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1479:(10): CD005590.
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1395:. Archived from
1389:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1315:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1270:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1189:(6): W555–W561.
1178:
1172:
1170:
1160:
1150:
1126:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1093:
1082:
1081:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1020:
1019:
991:
982:
981:
979:
978:
963:
944:
943:
930:
837:(pneumocystis +
829:(pneumocystis +
815:orthographically
791:Second World War
759:organ transplant
484:
469:
457:
441:
426:
407:Gallium 67 scans
360:) of the family
319:immunosuppressed
207:), is a form of
74:
39:
21:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4603:Fungal diseases
4573:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4516:
4493:
4429:Pleural disease
4418:
4401:
4359:
4321:
4305:By distribution
4300:
4279:By vector/route
4274:
4172:
4160:
4150:
4105:Pulmonary edema
4083:
3978:
3974:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3913:Cystic fibrosis
3840:
3824:
3820:
3807:
3651:
3525:
3519:
3511:
3506:
3476:
3471:
3411:
3380:
3358:
3346:
3303:
3295:
3262:Rhizopus oryzae
3249:
3234:
3226:
3182:
3075:
2926:
2839:
2720:
2697:
2692:
2679:
2629:
2617:Piedraia hortae
2586:
2519:
2510:Tinea incognito
2505:Tinea imbricata
2409:Dermatophytosis
2406:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2264:
2263:
2202:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1973:
1972:
1965:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1399:on 18 July 2009
1391:
1390:
1386:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1271:
1259:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1128:
1127:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1028:
1027:
1023:
993:
992:
985:
976:
974:
965:
964:
947:
932:
931:
914:
909:
835:pneumocystiasis
803:
783:
750:
677:
672:
664:low blood sugar
592:
564:
488:
485:
476:
470:
461:
458:
449:
442:
433:
427:
415:pulmonary cysts
404:
391:
362:Trichomonadidae
340:
311:
309:Pathophysiology
284:
244:
37:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4616:
4614:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4440:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4422:
4415:Pleural cavity
4411:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4261:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4176:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4077:Lycoperdonosis
4074:
4069:
4064:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3988:Pneumoconiosis
3984:
3982:
3967:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3908:Bronchiectasis
3905:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3884:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3830:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3720:
3718:Laryngeal cyst
3715:
3713:Laryngomalacia
3710:
3705:
3703:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3541:
3539:
3530:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3394:
3392:
3390:Mesomycetozoea
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3366:
3364:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3311:
3309:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3257:
3255:
3240:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3207:Cryptococcosis
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3176:Allescheriasis
3166:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3086:
3084:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3064:Pneumocystosis
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2941:
2939:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2914:Emmonsia parva
2910:
2905:
2903:Scedosporiosis
2900:
2899:
2898:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2882:Sporotrichosis
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Histoplasmosis
2766:
2765:
2764:
2755:
2750:
2733:
2731:
2722:
2711:
2702:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2451:Dermatophytids
2448:
2441:Tinea corporis
2438:
2437:
2436:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2397:
2388:
2359:dermatomycosis
2345:
2344:
2341:mesomycetozoea
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2285:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2250:
2239:
2224:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:Classification
2187:
2186:External links
2184:
2181:
2180:
2151:(9): 891–896.
2131:
2112:(5): 243–249.
2096:
2085:(4): 304–312.
2069:
2050:
2021:(9): 891–896.
2001:
1982:(4): 380–393.
1963:
1911:
1875:
1848:
1834:10.1086/513198
1804:
1763:
1734:(3): 966–971.
1714:
1693:10.1086/649868
1687:(3): 347–353.
1671:
1619:
1574:BMC Pediatrics
1560:
1533:
1526:
1508:
1459:
1430:(2): 245–250.
1410:
1384:
1355:(3): e22–e23.
1335:
1286:
1257:
1237:
1216:
1173:
1141:(4): 201–216.
1112:
1083:
1062:10.1086/649868
1056:(3): 347–353.
1040:
1021:
1002:(5): 708–726.
983:
945:
911:
910:
908:
905:
827:pneumocystosis
809:pneumonia and
802:
799:
782:
779:
771:co-trimoxazole
749:
746:
691:immune systems
676:
673:
671:
668:
648:liver toxicity
644:kidney failure
591:
588:
563:
560:
498:toluidine blue
490:
489:
486:
479:
477:
471:
464:
462:
459:
452:
450:
443:
436:
434:
428:
421:
402:
390:
387:
338:
335:carbon dioxide
310:
307:
283:
280:
279:
278:
243:
240:
182:
181:
146:co-trimoxazole
143:
137:
136:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:
114:
107:
103:
102:
93:
87:
86:
76:
75:
67:
66:
51:
47:
46:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4615:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:Other/general
4523:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4507:Mediastinitis
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4416:
4412:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4250:noninfectious
4248:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4159:Obstructive /
4157:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4072:Farmer's lung
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3932:Bronchiolitis
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3462:Keratomycosis
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Alternariosis
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3356:Microsporidia
3353:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3269:Mucor indicus
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3192:Basidiomycota
3189:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Aspergillosis
3095:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3051:C. tropicalis
3048:
3046:
3045:
3044:C. lusitaniae
3041:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2896:Talaromycosis
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Blastomycosis
2856:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2813:Lacazia loboi
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:opportunistic
2695:
2690:
2686:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2639:Basidiomycota
2636:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2429:tinea capitis
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1783:(1): 95–103.
1782:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:(in Polish).
1544:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:9781260012026
1254:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
988:
984:
972:
968:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
946:
941:
940:
935:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
913:
906:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
883:pneumonia to
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:Streptococcus
820:
816:
812:
808:
800:
798:
794:
792:
788:
780:
778:
776:
772:
766:
764:
760:
755:
747:
745:
743:
739:
734:
730:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
685:
681:
674:
669:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
589:
587:
585:
582:, or regular
581:
577:
573:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
483:
478:
474:
468:
463:
456:
451:
447:
440:
435:
431:
425:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
400:
396:
388:
386:
384:
383:
378:
377:
372:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
296:
288:
282:Complications
281:
276:
273:
272:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
219:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
200:
195:
191:
189:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
120:
116:
113:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
27:
19:
4444:Pneumothorax
4397:Lung abscess
4379:
4249:
4238:Pneumocystis
4237:
4199:Pneumococcal
3980:lung disease
3976:occupational
3954:Interstitial
3919:
3863:
3849:
3822:lung disease
3788:
3782:Epiglottitis
3772:
3740:
3734:Laryngospasm
3698:
3679:Strep throat
3664:
3627:
3603:nasal septum
3601:
3560:
3544:
3432:
3397:
3369:
3328:
3314:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:Mucormycosis
3213:Trichosporon
3211:
3199:
3168:
3162:Geotrichosis
3154:
3132:
3118:
3102:Aspergilloma
3089:
3068:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
2967:Vulvovaginal
2944:
2912:
2888:
2874:
2850:
2825:
2811:
2797:
2768:
2736:
2721:(yeast+mold)
2689:Subcutaneous
2673:White piedra
2667:Trichosporon
2665:
2646:
2623:Black piedra
2615:
2601:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2500:Tinea faciei
2463:Tinea manuum
2458:Tinea cruris
2425:Tinea barbae
2404:Dermatophyte
2287:
2276:
2252:
2241:
2226:
2206:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2018:
2014:
2004:
1979:
1975:
1934:(1): 41–59.
1931:
1927:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1872:(32): 305–7.
1869:
1865:
1859:
1851:
1824:
1820:
1807:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1639:
1635:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1549:(1): 41–45.
1546:
1542:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:the original
1387:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1247:
1240:
1229:
1219:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1138:
1134:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1034:
1024:
999:
995:
975:. Retrieved
973:. 2020-07-27
970:
938:
900:
896:
892:
889:Pneumocystis
888:
885:P. jirovecii
884:
880:
877:Pneumocystis
876:
874:
869:
865:
861:
858:Pneumocystis
857:
854:Pneumocystis
853:
849:
847:
842:
834:
826:
822:
810:
807:Pneumocystis
806:
804:
801:Nomenclature
795:
787:Pneumocystis
786:
784:
767:
751:
748:PCP and AIDS
738:P. jirovecii
737:
733:P. jirovecii
732:
731:
725:
722:seropositive
718:Pneumocystis
717:
715:
707:Pneumocystis
706:
688:
683:
670:Epidemiology
636:side effects
608:trimetrexate
593:
565:
548:P. jirovecii
547:
528:Pneumocystis
527:
526:
522:Cryptococcus
521:
517:
502:silver stain
491:
392:
380:
374:
368:
354:P. jirovecii
353:
351:
312:
295:Pneumothorax
293:
274:
256:night sweats
245:
224:Pneumocystis
223:
222:
215:
204:
198:
197:
193:
188:Pneumocystis
187:
186:
185:
158:trimetrexate
119:Risk factors
109:
79:
62:
58:
54:
43:Pneumocystis
42:
26:
4542:Common cold
4489:Fibrothorax
4472:Chylothorax
4467:Hydrothorax
4420:mediastinum
4380:circulatory
4375:Atelectasis
4182:By pathogen
4174:pneumonitis
4161:Restrictive
4141:Sarcoidosis
4013:Berylliosis
3959:restrictive
3920:unspecified
3842:obstructive
3825:(including
3742:vocal cords
3674:Pharyngitis
3637:Tonsillitis
3592:Nasal polyp
3527:common cold
3520:(including
3237:Zygomycosis
3091:Aspergillus
3037:C. glabrata
2952:Candidiasis
2908:Emmonsiosis
2819:Lobomycosis
2609:Tinea nigra
2524:By organism
2418:By location
2349:Superficial
2278:MedlinePlus
1866:MMWR Weekly
1306:(12): 967.
971:www.cdc.gov
942:, Elsevier.
763:pentamidine
726:post mortem
632:Pentamidine
628:clindamycin
604:pentamidine
584:pentamidine
572:prophylaxis
518:Histoplasma
430:Chest X-ray
395:chest X-ray
358:Parabasalia
178:clindamycin
154:pentamidine
100:Pulmonology
61:pneumonia;
57:pneumonia;
50:Other names
4577:Categories
4462:Hemothorax
4264:Aspiration
4226:Chlamydiae
4216:Mycoplasma
4204:Klebsiella
4062:Bagassosis
4048:Byssinosis
4023:Chalicosis
3998:Asbestosis
3993:Aluminosis
3927:Bronchitis
3798:Tracheitis
3774:epiglottis
3723:Laryngitis
3597:Rhinorrhea
3457:Otomycosis
3440:Fusariosis
3232:Zygomycota
3126:Eumycetoma
2962:Esophageal
2729:Onygenales
2709:Ascomycota
2395:Ascomycota
2254:DiseasesDB
1580:(1): 178.
1267:1101189928
1106:2020-08-10
977:2020-08-10
907:References
903:neumonia.
881:P. carinii
620:primaquine
616:atovaquone
580:atovaquone
562:Prevention
556:β-D-glucan
303:intubation
170:primaquine
166:atovaquone
141:Medication
4588:Pneumonia
4537:Influenza
4482:Malignant
4245:Parasitic
4194:Bacterial
4169:Pneumonia
4038:Silicosis
4033:Siderosis
4003:Baritosis
3837:Bronchial
3585:Hay fever
3554:Sinusitis
3416:Ungrouped
3247:Mucorales
2718:Dimorphic
2382:endothrix
2354:cutaneous
2289:eMedicine
1596:1471-2431
1275:cite book
870:pneumonia
864:pneumonia
590:Treatment
413:may show
389:Diagnosis
366:commensal
209:pneumonia
201:pneumonia
190:pneumonia
91:Specialty
45:pneumonia
4593:HIV/AIDS
4552:COVID-19
4345:BOOP-COP
4312:Broncho-
4255:Chemical
4043:Talcosis
3964:fibrosis
3817:Lower RT
3570:Rhinitis
3517:Upper RT
3434:Fusarium
3030:C. auris
2997:Candidid
2694:systemic
2446:Ringworm
2377:exothrix
2294:med/1850
2175:12194762
2126:15120144
2045:12194762
1996:14368443
1958:20736243
1843:17407029
1799:11825780
1758:18216217
1709:13097433
1701:20047487
1666:15504255
1614:35379217
1555:19517677
1503:25269391
1454:15752442
1379:33271170
1330:33897311
1322:19507333
1231:Medscape
1203:22623570
1167:20981180
1078:13097433
1070:20047487
1035:Medscape
1016:18565802
934:Elsevier
596:steroids
570:people,
508:, or an
236:HIV/AIDS
150:steroids
3864:chronic
3790:trachea
3666:pharynx
3546:sinuses
2248:D011020
2166:2732539
2091:9872627
2036:2732539
1949:6886706
1906:6975437
1749:2268360
1657:3323247
1605:8978371
1494:6457644
1445:3320436
1370:7834870
1211:7041746
1158:2954374
841:), and
781:History
612:dapsone
411:CT scan
397:and an
347:dyspnea
327:hypoxia
323:alveoli
162:dapsone
4233:Fungal
3887:Asthma
3700:larynx
3629:tonsil
2434:Kerion
2373:Piedra
2283:000671
2173:
2163:
2124:
2089:
2043:
2033:
1994:
1956:
1946:
1904:
1841:
1797:
1756:
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1699:
1664:
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1594:
1553:
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1452:
1442:
1403:5 June
1377:
1367:
1328:
1320:
1265:
1255:
1209:
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1165:
1155:
1076:
1068:
1014:
899:ystis
839:-iasis
742:Leiden
662:, and
268:kidney
266:, and
264:spleen
213:fungus
106:Causes
4368:Other
4317:Lobar
4268:Lipid
4189:Viral
4088:Other
3850:acute
3827:LRTIs
3752:(LPR)
3730:(LPR)
3708:Croup
3688:(LPR)
3522:URTIs
3083:-like
2938:-like
2936:Yeast
2844:Other
2595:Other
2515:Favus
2364:Tinea
2259:10160
2237:136.3
2221:J17.3
1817:(PDF)
1705:S2CID
1326:S2CID
1207:S2CID
1074:S2CID
895:neumo
831:-osis
819:genus
805:Both
660:fever
514:cysts
275:Cough
260:liver
252:fever
4547:SARS
4350:NSIP
4095:ARDS
3896:AERD
3871:COPD
3657:Neck
3562:nose
3537:Head
3081:Mold
2957:Oral
2698:and
2386:hair
2384:) =
2368:skin
2339:and
2243:MeSH
2232:9-CM
2171:PMID
2122:PMID
2087:PMID
2041:PMID
1992:PMID
1954:PMID
1902:PMID
1839:PMID
1795:PMID
1754:PMID
1697:PMID
1662:PMID
1610:PMID
1592:ISSN
1551:PMID
1522:ISBN
1499:PMID
1450:PMID
1405:2009
1375:PMID
1318:PMID
1281:link
1263:OCLC
1253:ISBN
1199:PMID
1163:PMID
1066:PMID
1012:PMID
813:are
754:AIDS
656:rash
401:(PaO
379:and
176:and
4340:DIP
4335:UIP
4327:IIP
3216:spp
2351:and
2228:ICD
2217:B59
2208:ICD
2161:PMC
2153:doi
2114:doi
2031:PMC
2023:doi
1984:doi
1944:PMC
1936:doi
1894:doi
1890:305
1829:doi
1785:doi
1744:PMC
1736:doi
1689:doi
1652:PMC
1644:doi
1600:PMC
1582:doi
1489:PMC
1481:doi
1440:PMC
1432:doi
1365:PMC
1357:doi
1308:doi
1191:doi
1187:198
1153:PMC
1143:doi
1058:doi
1004:doi
833:),
775:CD4
701:or
578:),
566:In
552:HIV
544:DNA
534:or
520:or
337:(CO
270:).
205:PJP
194:PCP
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