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which can often block the view of this area. In a land slug, when the pneumostome is wide open, it is usually very clearly visible on the right side of the animal. However, the position of the pneumostome is often not at all easy to discern when this orifice is completely closed.
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The pneumostome opens and closes in a cyclical manner. The frequency of pneumostome closing and opening is typically less than 0.5 closures per minute in fully hydrated slugs and snails. The rate of closures per minute increases the more dehydrated the slug is.
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The pneumostome rhythm in slugs: a response to dehydration controlled by hemolymph osmolality and peptide hormones. Dickinson PS, Prior DJ, Avery C. Source
Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME
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The images in the gallery below show the position of the pneumostome in three different families of slugs:
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The pneumostome is often much easier to see in slugs than in snails, because of the absence of a
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or breathing pore is a respiratory opening of the external body anatomy of an air-breathing land
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snail or slug. Air enters through the pneumostome into the animal's single
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Drawing showing the different external anatomical features of a slug
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135:Position of pneumostome as a diagnostic feature
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224:. Lander University. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
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103:It is an opening in the right side of the
119:area of tissue that functions as a lung.
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234:Pneumostome's response to dehydration
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776:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
719:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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632:Reproductive system of gastropods
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637:Respiratory system of gastropods
552:Circulatory system of gastropods
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98:respiratory system of gastropods
828:Invertebrate respiratory system
577:Excretory system of gastropods
567:Digestive system of gastropods
50:with the pneumostome wide open
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222:"Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine"
642:Sensory organs of gastropods
607:Nervous system of gastropods
16:Breathing pore in gastropods
673:Circumesophageal nerve ring
66:Open and closed pneumostome
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255:displaying its pneumostome
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838:Respiratory system stubs
77:Triboniophorus graeffei
36:opening its pneumostome
715:-related article is a
199:Tandonia budapestensis
96:. It is a part of the
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257:YouTube, Feb 17, 2008
253:Ariolimax columbianus
220:Fox, Richard (2006).
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597:Hypobranchial gland
545:Internal soft parts
469:External soft parts
74:The pneumostome of
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823:Gastropod anatomy
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678:Trochophore
663:Pseudofeces
617:Odontophore
572:Diverticula
516:Pneumostome
359:Planispiral
86:pneumostome
47:Arion rufus
817:Categories
627:Osphradium
602:Nephridium
521:Rhinophore
511:Parapodium
440:Clausilium
379:Selenizone
369:Protoconch
319:Body whorl
208:References
157:Arion ater
94:land snail
713:gastropod
658:Epiphragm
562:Ctenidium
450:Operculum
445:Love dart
409:Umbilicus
374:Sculpture
354:Peristome
329:Columella
292:Gastropod
194:Milacidae
173:Limacidae
152:Arionidae
491:Cnidosac
309:Aperture
688:Veliger
668:Torsion
294:anatomy
531:Siphon
501:Mentum
496:Mantle
486:Cerata
460:Radula
404:Suture
324:Callus
237:04011.
105:mantle
768:This
711:This
651:Other
506:Notum
455:Pearl
424:Whorl
419:Varix
414:Valve
394:Spire
364:Plait
344:Nacre
301:Shell
124:shell
107:of a
774:stub
717:stub
557:Crop
339:Lira
314:Apex
113:lung
90:slug
84:The
334:Lip
92:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
