314:
or spots near the eyes. A sturdy tail, which is typically about 40-70mm long, is covered moderately with hair. Underneath the hair, the skin displays a yellowish-brown, and purple coloration. At the hind legs, the fur is less prominent and the skin displays a naked peach tone. The hind foot is usually 31 to 37 mm. They have a well-developed anal gland that produces and secretes an unpleasant odor to deter predators away. This scent is pungent, often described as a rancid onion or garlic smell. Females are typically larger than males. Overall, the
Mindanao gymnure is smaller than
454:. They are found in abundance in the mossy forests (2000 to 2900 m), but are also dispersed among mountains and primary forests (1300 to 2000 m). Other areas of habitation include dense vegetation on the edges of streams, in thick moss-covered roots, underneath grass beds at the edge of a lake, by logs in dense fern undergrowth, among tangled tree roots, by tree trunks that have been hollowed out, and near boulders in densely fern covered valleys. Their habitats are similar to true shrews. The Mindanao moonrat helps with the highland ecosystems of Mindanao by regulating
68:
494:. Both contain a wide spectrum of ecological diversity and vegetation types. Mindanao is the most diverse island in the Philippines. Unfortunately, the forest has already been reduced by 29 percent due to the effects of slash and burn agriculture and logging. The remainder of the forest continues to be destroyed and degraded through several means. First of all, primary forests are being cut down and replaced with exotic trees for the paper industry.
478:, and logging. Habitat destruction is most prominent in low level forests, which could be a problem for the Mindanao moonrat if this destruction escalates to the highland regions. However, since they primarily reside in high elevation forests, current populations are estimated to be stable. Although the population is currently stable, the fate of Mindanao moonrat is directly linked to the survival of the forests of Mindanao. According to
189:
43:
305:, which are endothermic species, are medium-sized ground dwellers that typically range from 130 to 150 mm in body length. Their body is narrow, which may have been an adaptation for burrowing through narrow crevices and have bilateral symmetry. These mammals also have long soft fur that is typically gray mixed with coarser reddish brown hairs on the
393:, which means that they remain in their burrows during the day, but come out to forage by searching the forest floor at twilight or night. Foraging with little visibility requires their sense of smell to be their primary sense. They exhibit more similar behaviors to that of the elusive shrews than their spiky relatives.
406:
Mindanao moonrats hold onto territories and usually live in solitude with exception to breeding seasons. Breeding typically occurs with two litters annually. Average litter size is two offspring with an average gestation period of about 35–40 days. After giving birth, females will nurse and care for
313:
side the hairs have a grayish white tone with some brown mixed in. Long whiskers protrude out of a long snout, which allows for exceptional tactile sensation. Similar to other mammals, chemical cues and sense of smell are used extensively for survival. The face is commonly spotted with black stripes
485:
report, Mindanao has a lush geographical profile. It is the 2nd largest island and has 4 out of 6 mountain ranges that reach altitudes greater than 9000 ft. The forest cover is about 30,960 km, which is approximately 24% of the total land area. The islands two marshlands include
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move faster but are not as efficient at digging as hedgehogs. They are also territorial and live in solitude, with exception to breeding season. In order to mark their territory or to deter predators, they will release a strong odor, typically described as a rancid onion or garlic smell.
502:
could affect the moonrats if forest degradation continues to affect areas of higher elevation. For now, about 80% of its habitat is still in its original condition, with no human threats to the species because of its low commercial value.
528:. Currently, national environmental laws in the Philippines are embodied in the following: international doctrines and principles, administrative orders, judicial decisions, local ordinances, republic acts, executive orders, and the
523:
continues to escalate. The best way to prevent this species from becoming endangered and to maintain its current status is through conserving its habitat. There are other efforts being made to optimize biodiversity and promote
701:
Balete, Danilo S.; Heaney, Lawrence
Richard; Rickart, Eric A.; Quidlat, Roselyn S.; Rowsey, Dakota M.; Olson, Link E. (2023-01-13). "A re-assessment of diversity among Philippine gymnures (Mammalia: Erinaceidae:
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906:. Los Baños: Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA). 2011. pp. 5–10 and 40–42.
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956:. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. pp. 2–6, 16, and 22–24
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their young until the offspring is weaned. On average, the life span of the
Mindanao moonrat is about 55 months.
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in that they share similar dental and cranial characteristics, well-developed canine teeth, and a long
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are under the category of least concern. However, this status could elevate to the next level if
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Overview on the Status, Issues, and
Concerns on Biodiversity Conservation in the Philippines
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234:. Animals belonging to this family are significant because they are among the oldest known
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830:(5 ed.). Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Archived from
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743:"Eurasion Insectivores and Tree Shrews: Status, Survey and Conservation Action Plan"
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Heaney, L.R.; Tabaranza Jr., B.; Rickart, A.E.; Balete, S.D.; Ingle, R.N. (2006).
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is being practiced even within areas that are supposed to be protected. Habitat
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Rondinini, C. (2006). "Hedgehogs and
Moonrats". In David W. Macdonald (ed.).
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that are alive. Gymnures are relatives of hedgehogs but lack the prickly
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644:"An Estimation of Erinaceidae Phylogeny: A Combined Analysis Approach"
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89:
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Occasional Papers of the Museum of
Zoology, University of Michigan
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prefer areas that are damp and are frequently found near standing
919:"The mammals of Mt. Kitanglad Nature Park, Mindanao, Philippines"
610:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
466:
The potential major threat to the
Mindanao moonrat population is
1670:
430:. Within the Mindanao island, it is only found in the provinces
347:
1577:
987:
950:
Ong, Perry; Afuang, Leticia; Rosell-Ambat, Ruth, eds. (2002).
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He, K.; Chen, J-H.; Gould, GC; Yamaguchi, N.; Ai, H-S (2012).
548:
546:
544:
860:"A Synopsis of the Mammalian Fauna of the Philippine Islands"
613:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 219.
226:. Erinaceidae is a family of small mammals that include the
769:"Mammals of Dinagat and Siargao Islands, Philippines"
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230:, also known as the silky furred moonrats, and the
365:are ground dwellers, their typical diet includes
745:. Tree Shrew and Elephant Shrew Specialist Group
953:Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
799:
797:
470:. The Mindanao island is currently affected by
706:), with a new species from eastern Mindanao".
578:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T17828A22326078.en
381:, they will occasionally eat fungi and fruit.
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8:
245:. Four species are categorized in the genus
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767:Heaney, Lawrence; Rabor, Dioscoro (1982).
553:Heaney, L.; Balete, D.; Tabao, M. (2016).
187:
41:
20:
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762:
760:
677:
667:
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273:. All share a close resemblance to the
862:. USA: Field Museum of Natural History
353:, and is smaller with a shorter tail.
978:Mindanao gymnure (Podogymnura truei)
7:
1854:Taxa named by Edgar Alexander Mearns
1824:IUCN Red List least concern species
564:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1174:Northern white-breasted hedgehog (
1156:Southern white-breasted hedgehog (
14:
282:, which is commonly found on the
1844:Endemic fauna of the Philippines
442:, which all contain mountainous
66:
1432:Northern short-tailed gymnure (
1258:Small-toothed forest hedgehog (
858:Heaney, Lawrence (2011-01-12).
1405:Bornean short-tailed gymnure (
1:
827:Walker's Mammals of the World
1414:Max's short-tailed gymnure (
1396:Javan short-tailed gymnure (
1207:Indian long-eared hedgehog (
669:10.1371/journal.pone.0039304
530:1987 Philippine Constitution
214:, is a mammal of the family
1249:Gaoligong forest hedgehog (
1114:Southern African hedgehog (
806:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1875:
1839:Mammals of the Philippines
1546:Eastern Mindanao gymnure (
808:. Oxford University Press.
402:Reproduction and life span
1859:Mammals described in 1905
1267:Eastern forest hedgehog (
1023:
720:10.11646/zootaxa.5228.3.2
186:
168:
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63:Scientific classification
61:
39:
30:
23:
1165:West European hedgehog (
1105:North African hedgehog (
1318:Bare-bellied hedgehog (
324:are closely related to
218:. It is endemic to the
936:10.5962/bhl.title.3395
607:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
601:"Order Erinaceomorpha"
1198:Long-eared hedgehog (
884:. Thai National Parks
599:Hutterer, R. (2005).
571:: e.T17828A22326078.
377:. Although primarily
1513:Long-eared gymnure (
1096:Four-toed hedgehog (
1018:species by subfamily
824:Nowak, R.M. (1991).
526:habitat conservation
254:P. aureospinula
202:, also known as the
1300:Brandt's hedgehog (
660:2012PLoSO...739304H
521:habitat destruction
468:habitat destruction
411:Habitat and ecology
342:has less prominent
279:Echinosorex gymnura
212:Mindanao wood shrew
33:Conservation status
1555:Mindanao gymnure (
1231:Daurian hedgehog (
476:forest degradation
456:insect populations
334:. However, unlike
260:P. intermedia
1849:Fauna of Mindanao
1811:
1810:
1796:Open Tree of Life
1645:podogymnura-truei
1632:Podogymnura_truei
1618:Podogymnura truei
1588:Podogymnura truei
1580:Taxon identifiers
1571:
1570:
1567:
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1537:Dinagat gymnure (
1345:
1330:
1329:
1309:Indian hedgehog (
1291:Desert hedgehog (
1240:Hugh's hedgehog (
1123:Somali hedgehog (
1078:
923:Fieldiana Zoology
620:978-0-8018-8221-0
557:Podogymnura truei
517:Podogymnura truei
511:According to the
448:Podogymnura truei
416:Podogymnura truei
363:Podogymnura truei
357:Diet and behavior
303:Podogymnura truei
199:Podogymnura truei
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172:Podogymnura truei
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25:Podogymnura truei
16:Species of mammal
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204:Mindanao gymnure
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488:Ligawasan Marsh
480:Ridge and Reefs
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980:- ARKive.org
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1829:Podogymnura
1692:iNaturalist
1612:Wikispecies
1528:Podogymnura
1491:N. sinensis
1480:Neotetracus
1425:H. macarong
1407:H. dorsalis
1354:Echinosorex
1336:Galericinae
1311:P. micropus
1282:Paraechinus
1209:H. collaris
1189:Hemiechinus
1158:E. concolor
1125:A. sclateri
1075:(Hedgehogs)
1069:Erinaceinae
1051:Superorder
1045:Infraclass
1016:Erinaceidae
704:Podogymnura
584:15 November
432:Davao Norte
391:crepuscular
379:carnivorous
340:Podogymnura
336:Echinosorex
327:Echinosorex
321:Podogymnura
298:Description
248:Podogymnura
224:Philippines
216:Erinaceidae
141:Podogymnura
130:Erinaceidae
1818:Categories
1504:Otohylomys
1456:Neohylomys
1398:H. suillus
1365:E. gymnura
1342:(Gymnures)
1222:Mesechinus
1200:H. auritus
1107:A. algirus
741:Stone, D.
536:References
426:island of
424:Philippine
375:arthropods
367:earthworms
290:, and the
1389:H. parvus
1363:Moonrat (
1260:M. miodon
1138:Erinaceus
882:"Gymnure"
387:nocturnal
236:placental
232:hedgehogs
148:Species:
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
1762:13600075
1710:10767130
1603:Q1767886
1597:Wikidata
1557:P. truei
1443:H. vorax
1251:M. wangi
1242:M. hughi
1087:Atelerix
1047:Eutheria
1041:Mammalia
1035:Chordata
1029:Animalia
1027:Kingdom
929:: 1–63.
728:37044652
688:22745729
648:PLOS ONE
629:62265494
490:and the
436:Bukidnon
428:Mindanao
395:P. truei
383:P. truei
344:sagittal
228:gymnures
220:Mindanao
126:Family:
110:Mammalia
100:Chordata
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
53:IUCN 3.1
1749:1003829
1684:2437119
1671:1178691
1416:H. maxi
1378:Hylomys
1033:Phylum
1014:Extant
960:Sep 30,
866:Sep 29,
786:Sep 29,
749:Sep 30,
708:Zootaxa
679:3380021
656:Bibcode
444:forests
422:to the
420:endemic
371:insects
332:rostrum
311:ventral
288:Sumatra
275:moonrat
239:mammals
136:Genus:
116:Order:
106:Class:
51: (
1723:633551
1640:ARKive
1057:Order
1039:Class
888:Oct 4,
838:Oct 4,
782:: 1–28
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373:, and
361:Since
351:crests
348:nuchal
307:dorsal
284:Borneo
269:, and
243:spines
181:, 1905
179:Mearns
1801:62563
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1736:17828
1705:IRMNG
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772:(PDF)
603:. In
210:, or
1770:NCBI
1731:IUCN
1718:ITIS
1679:GBIF
962:2014
890:2014
868:2014
840:2014
788:2014
751:2014
724:PMID
712:5228
684:PMID
625:OCLC
615:ISBN
586:2021
569:2016
385:are
1757:MSW
1744:MDD
1666:EoL
1653:CoL
1627:ADW
931:doi
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716:doi
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389:or
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