514:
478:
502:
466:
42:
526:
60:
490:
696:
Kharkwal, A.C., Kushwaha, R., Prakash, O., Ogra, R.K., Bhattacharya, A., Nagar, P.K. and Ahuja, P.S., (2008). An efficient method of propagation of
Podophyllum hexandrum: an endangered medicinal plant of the Western Himalayas under ex situ conditions.
805:
736:
806:
http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/science-publications-and-resources/resources/canadian-medicinal-crops/medicinal-crops/podophyllum-peltatum-l-may-apple/?id=1301436227464
829:
Ghimire, S. K., Mckey, D., & Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Y. (2006). Himalayan medicinal plant diversity in an ecologically complex high altitude anthropogenic landscape, Dolpo, Nepal.
513:
459:
methods such as this can conserve genetic diversity while providing a substantial volume of transplants to go back out into the wild to combat over-harvesting vulnerability.
477:
1155:
864:
501:
1429:
1181:
657:
Kala, Chandra
Prakash (2005). "Indigenous uses, population density and conservation of threatened medicinal plants in the protected areas of Indian Himalaya".
345:
is low to the ground with glossy green, drooping, lobed leaves on its few stiff branches, bearing a pale pink flower and bright red-orange bulbous fruit. The
389:
properties. The rhizome of the plant also contains a resin, known generally and commercially as Indian
Podophyllum Resin, which can be processed to extract
1364:
1103:
1377:
1116:
440:
endangered listing. It is also listed under
Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (
1550:
816:
Rawal, D. S., Sijapati, J., Rana, N., Rana, P., Giri, A., & Shrestha, S. (2009). Some high value medicinal plants of
Khumbum region Nepal,
607:
465:
357:. It is very tolerant of cold temperatures, as would be expected of a Himalayan plant, but it does not tolerate dry conditions. Its name in
525:
857:
397:. Rhizomes contain up to 15% podophyllin. In carefully administered doses, the resin can be applied topically to treat genital warts.
1403:
1142:
640:
417:
59:
1555:
1416:
1168:
850:
409:
1290:
381:
The root and rhizome of the plant are poisonous, but used traditionally for medicine. They are composed of aryltetralin
408:
grows across the
Himalayan region, east to Afghanistan, and north to Southwest China. It is reasonably abundant in the
1491:
1299:
1051:
781:
Chaurasia, O., & Ballabh, B. (2012). Podophyllum L: An endergered and anticancerous medicinal plant–An overview.
1478:
1217:
455:
seeds in an off-site controlled environment allowed seedlings to grow one year faster than in the field. Effective
1434:
1186:
1483:
1351:
1222:
1090:
1356:
1343:
587:
1545:
1338:
1077:
1004:
1304:
1056:
1382:
1095:
1082:
489:
169:
1121:
1444:
1325:
1196:
1042:
456:
41:
611:
1517:
1243:
916:
674:
191:
54:
1452:
1312:
1204:
1160:
1064:
979:
147:
1457:
1209:
666:
413:
346:
714:
Sharma, V. (2013). Part based HPLC-PDA quantification of podophyllotoxin in populations of
261:
97:
1470:
548:
1465:
888:
420:, the plant's density is about one individual per square meter according to a study by
84:
1539:
937:
875:
670:
386:
265:
130:
17:
790:
678:
1522:
1317:
1248:
1069:
909:
120:
1496:
373:
and is locally referred to as 'ban kakdi' in the Valley of
Flowers National Park.
1275:
1421:
1390:
1284:
1173:
1129:
1036:
986:
972:
944:
390:
275:
1027:
394:
258:
930:
902:
421:
1509:
1235:
842:
1504:
1269:
1230:
1021:
951:
895:
432:
Harvesting from the wild is becoming unsustainable. Over-exploitation of
362:
350:
295:
110:
572:
1369:
1108:
965:
958:
923:
354:
315:
311:
307:
287:
205:
1395:
1134:
382:
323:
279:
1408:
998:
268:, described as a genus in 1979. It includes only one known species,
451:
A study published by
Kharkwal et al. (2008) found that propagating
441:
358:
319:
303:
299:
291:
283:
71:
1147:
563:
437:
1330:
1002:
846:
804:
L. (May-apple). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)(2012).
353:-type gardens. It can be propagated by seed or by dividing the
27:
Genus of flowering plants belonging to the barberry family
766:. Dehradun: Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. p. 200.
718:
Royle "Indian
Mayapple" from higher altitude Himalayas.
349:
appearance of the plant make it a desirable addition to
444:) in which collecting and exporting all plant parts of
622:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1259:
1011:
783:
Indian Journal Traditional of Traditional Knowledge
791:http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/13851
737:"Podophyllotoxin (Podophyllotoxin 0.5% solution)"
519:Close-up on a flower and its reproductive parts
436:and deforestation have resulted in its current
858:
8:
507:Portrait of a flower with leaves underneath
483:The approximately 5 cm long ripe fruit
243:(Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) T.S.Ying
999:
865:
851:
843:
40:
31:
764:Medicinal Plants of Indian Trans Himalaya
541:
461:
448:except for seed and pollen is illegal.
531:Some fruits of a >20-year-old plant
385:that have anticancer, antifungal, and
777:
775:
773:
620:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
1445:68602d88-31a4-43a3-a3d5-23f279e20419
1197:3ce45346-4c17-4816-b939-952544c61a93
692:
690:
688:
652:
650:
648:
720:Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
1484:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77137821-1
837:, 1. doi:10.1017/S0376892906002943
25:
671:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00602.x
588:Flora of China Vol. 19 Page 783
524:
512:
500:
488:
476:
464:
58:
418:Valley of Flowers National Park
1223:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3969-1
762:Kala, Chandra Prakash (2003).
743:. National Health Service (UK)
596:(Royle) T. S. Ying in C. Y. Wu
215:Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson
1:
1551:Monotypic Ranunculales genera
410:Great Himalayan National Park
699:Journal of natural Medicines
1572:
831:Environmental Conservation
1291:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
1261:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
883:
594:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
551:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
406:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
343:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
271:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
197:
190:
179:Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
175:
168:
55:Scientific classification
53:
48:
39:
34:
416:. In the fringes of the
401:Distribution and habitat
326:). Common names include
471:Close-up of single leaf
716:Podophyllum hexandrum
614:Podophyllum hexandrum
393:(podophyllotoxin), a
240:Sinopodophyllum emodi
232:Podophyllum hexandrum
18:Podophyllum hexandrum
1556:Berberidaceae genera
802:Podophyllum peltatum
659:Conservation Biology
328:Himalayan may apple
35:Himalayan mayapple
49:Flower and leaves
1533:
1532:
1453:Open Tree of Life
1205:Open Tree of Life
1005:Taxon identifiers
996:
995:
553:(Royle) T.S.Ying
250:
249:
244:
236:
228:
220:Podophyllum emodi
216:
212:Podophyllum emodi
208:
204:(Wall. ex Royle)
161:S. hexandrum
150:
16:(Redirected from
1563:
1526:
1525:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1487:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1448:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1424:
1422:NHMSYS0020823783
1412:
1411:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1334:
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1321:
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1308:
1307:
1295:
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1252:
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1239:
1238:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1212:
1200:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1177:
1176:
1174:NHMSYS0020823782
1164:
1163:
1151:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1000:
867:
860:
853:
844:
838:
827:
821:
814:
808:
799:
793:
779:
768:
767:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
712:
706:
705:(2), pp.211-216.
694:
683:
682:
654:
643:
641:Himalayan Voices
638:
632:
631:
629:
627:
604:
598:
585:
579:
570:
564:
561:
555:
549:The Plant List,
546:
528:
516:
504:
492:
480:
468:
414:Himachal Pradesh
387:immunomodulatory
332:Indian may apple
242:
234:
226:
214:
203:
185:(Royle) T.S.Ying
181:
146:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1516:
1508:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1043:Sinopodophyllum
1041:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1013:Sinopodophyllum
1007:
997:
992:
879:
871:
841:
828:
824:
815:
811:
800:
796:
780:
771:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
735:
734:
730:
713:
709:
695:
686:
656:
655:
646:
639:
635:
625:
623:
606:
605:
601:
591:
586:
582:
575:Sinopodophyllum
571:
567:
562:
558:
547:
543:
539:
532:
529:
520:
517:
508:
505:
496:
493:
484:
481:
472:
469:
430:
403:
379:
340:
262:perennial plant
254:Sinopodophyllum
186:
183:
177:
164:
145:
142:Sinopodophyllum
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1569:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1523:wfo-0000507972
1514:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1439:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1335:
1322:
1309:
1296:
1281:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:wfo-4000035467
1240:
1227:
1214:
1201:
1191:
1178:
1165:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1033:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1003:
994:
993:
991:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
884:
881:
880:
872:
870:
869:
862:
855:
847:
840:
839:
822:
809:
794:
769:
754:
728:
707:
684:
665:(2): 368–378.
644:
633:
599:
589:
580:
565:
556:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
530:
523:
521:
518:
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497:
494:
487:
485:
482:
475:
473:
470:
463:
429:
426:
402:
399:
378:
377:Medicinal uses
375:
339:
336:
298:, and western
264:in the family
248:
247:
246:
245:
237:
229:
217:
209:
195:
194:
188:
187:
184:
173:
172:
166:
165:
158:
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151:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1568:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Berberidaceae
1544:
1543:
1541:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
989:
988:
984:
982:
981:
977:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
963:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
938:Gymnospermium
935:
933:
932:
928:
926:
925:
921:
919:
918:
914:
912:
911:
907:
905:
904:
900:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:
886:
885:
882:
878:
877:
876:Berberidaceae
868:
863:
861:
856:
854:
849:
848:
845:
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:
813:
810:
807:
803:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
778:
776:
774:
770:
765:
758:
755:
742:
738:
732:
729:
725:
721:
717:
711:
708:
704:
700:
693:
691:
689:
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
653:
651:
649:
645:
642:
637:
634:
621:
617:
615:
609:
603:
600:
597:
595:
584:
581:
578:
576:
569:
566:
560:
557:
554:
552:
545:
542:
536:
527:
522:
515:
510:
503:
498:
491:
486:
479:
474:
467:
462:
460:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
337:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
267:
266:Berberidaceae
263:
260:
256:
255:
241:
238:
233:
230:
225:
221:
218:
213:
210:
207:
202:
201:Dysosma emodi
199:
198:
196:
193:
189:
182:
180:
174:
171:
170:Binomial name
167:
163:
162:
157:
154:
153:
149:
144:
143:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:Berberidaceae
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:Tracheophytes
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1260:
1012:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
910:Caulophyllum
908:
901:
894:
887:
874:
834:
830:
825:
817:
812:
801:
797:
786:
782:
763:
757:
745:. Retrieved
740:
731:
723:
719:
715:
710:
702:
698:
662:
658:
636:
624:. Retrieved
619:
613:
602:
593:
583:
574:
568:
559:
550:
544:
453:S. hexandrum
452:
450:
446:S. hexandrum
445:
434:S. hexandrum
433:
431:
428:Conservation
405:
404:
380:
370:
366:
342:
341:
331:
327:
274:, native to
270:
269:
253:
252:
251:
239:
231:
223:
219:
211:
200:
178:
176:
160:
159:
141:
140:
121:Ranunculales
104:
91:
78:
29:
1471:kew-2605548
1391:iNaturalist
1285:Wikispecies
1130:iNaturalist
1037:Wikispecies
987:Vancouveria
973:Podophyllum
945:Jeffersonia
873:Genera of
789:, 234–241.
747:14 December
741:NHS choices
391:podophyllin
367:bantrapushi
338:Description
282:, northern
276:Afghanistan
98:Angiosperms
1540:Categories
1466:Plant List
1409:60445562-2
917:Diphylleia
726:, 176–183.
608:USDA, NRCS
592:tao er qi
577:T.S. Ying
573:Tropicos,
537:References
395:neurotoxin
371:Giriparpat
347:ornamental
259:herbaceous
1357:250096643
1344:250096643
1276:Q15347589
931:Epimedium
903:Bongardia
626:9 October
422:C.P. Kala
155:Species:
68:Kingdom:
1510:50153732
1505:Tropicos
1270:Wikidata
1236:40037108
1231:Tropicos
1028:Q9077845
1022:Wikidata
980:Ranzania
952:Leontice
896:Berberis
820:, 73–82.
679:85324142
610:(n.d.).
363:Ayurveda
351:woodland
296:Pakistan
224:chinense
192:Synonyms
148:T.S.Ying
127:Family:
111:Eudicots
1370:3981186
1161:1034573
1109:7300279
966:Nandina
959:Mahonia
924:Dysosma
495:Flowers
457:ex situ
383:lignans
355:rhizome
316:Sichuan
312:Shaanxi
308:Qinghai
288:Kashmir
227:Sprague
206:M.Hiroe
137:Genus:
117:Order:
72:Plantae
1497:297582
1458:981662
1442:NZOR:
1396:480636
1383:476500
1331:483609
1305:368138
1210:981673
1194:NZOR:
1148:3969-1
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