409:
546:, he made up for this with his extensive knowledge of Javanese literature, of all things Javanese in general, and by his zeal for Javanese studies. As he matured, he gained respect among both Europeans and his fellow Indonesians. His works combined the scientific method—which was uncommon among Indonesian native authors at his time—with his intimate knowledge of his subjects as an insider. He was often critical of the text and manuscript that he worked on, noticing spelling errors, and preferring to compare multiple sources before publishing a manuscript. Pigeaud said that his works and his behaviour often showed a sense of humour characteristic of a
400:. It was a gift from a Dutch official to Pakubuwana, who did not read Dutch, and gave it to Purbadipura. Once, when literary-minded courtiers had a discussion about Old Javanese poems, his insight from the book allowed him to solve a problem in explaining difficult passages, contradicting the more senior courtiers. This caused him serious trouble as it was not his place to do this. He began to feel uncomfortable at court and wrote to the Dutch resident (the top colonial official in Surakarta). This correspondence resulted in an appointment in Batavia, the capital of the Dutch East Indies, with the colony's Archeological Service.
646:, in order to calm the tension between the two courts. A Javanese noble of great standing, he was proud of his Surakarta aristocratic heritage, as he was well remembered for always wearing Surakarta royal court clothing until his death. Throughout his life, Poerbatjaraka never hesitated to share his knowledge and wisdom, as he was always willing to help his many relatives. Members of the Poerbatjaraka family descended from Sunan Pakubuwana X of Keraton Surakarta, Sultan Hamengkubuwana VI of Keraton Yogyakarta and Prince Mangkunegara I of Keraton Mangkunegaran.
523:
396:(the language of administration and scholarship at the time) and often talked to Dutch soldiers in his area to learn and practice the language. During his childhood, his love for classical Javanese literature began as he read works found in his father's library. He also read a book on old Javanese literature by the professor
616:
established that, based on language, metrics, titles of officials and description of a temple, the Old
Javanese version of the epic poem originated at the end of the ninth or the beginning of the tenth century. This finding was later confirmed by other studies, including one by Hooykaas. Later in his
633:
Poerbatjaraka was born into the royal family of
Surakarta. His father, Kanjeng Raden Mas Tumenggung Purbadipura, was close to Sunan Pakubuwana IX and raised his son and heir, Pakubuwana X. The name Poerbatjaraka, meaning "First Ambassador," was given by Pakubuwana X, who allowed him to be sent to
506:. He was one of the founders of Udayana's Literature Department. He continued to write about Javanese history and literature for journals both in Indonesia and the Netherlands. In 1952, he published a collection of his studies in a book entitled
424:
In 1910, Poerbatjaraka moved to
Batavia to take the Archaeology Service position. His knowledge of Javanese literature proved very useful to the institution, and he was often consulted by its staff. During these years he also learned
303:
Lesya (also spelled Lesja and Lesyo, meaning "funny"). When he served at the court he became known as Lesya
Atmopradonggo. After his first move to Jakarta, he became known as Poerbatjaraka and was later granted the additional title
479:, to whom he gave weekly lessons in Javanese culture and language between 1927 and 1930. De Graaf later considered Poerbatjaraka his "revered teacher" and praised him for "unveil some of the secrets of your people".
511:
145:
445:
classes. Despite not having the prerequisite academic requirements, he was given special dispensation and allowed to pursue a doctorate, which he did without attending lectures. He completed his doctor's degree
1044:
561:
According to his biography by
Indonesia's Education and Cultural Ministry, he published seventy-nine works throughout his life, while Pigeaud put the number at seventy-three. His works focus on
514:
in 1963. In 1964, the
Indonesian Journal of Cultural Studies published a volume of twenty-six articles in his honour to mark his 80th birthday. On 25 July of the same year, he died in Jakarta.
1127:
1132:
392:(HIS), a primary level, colonial school for Indies natives. He was not given further education, which was common for children in his position. He was interested in
249:, he showed interest in Javanese literature at an early age, reading from books in the court's collection. Despite attending only primary school, his knowledge of
558:
s). During his retirement in
Jakarta, he did not stop working. De Graaf said that during this period he was "quietly but indefatigably studying and publishing".
310:
The spelling of his adult name, "Poerbatjaraka", was Dutch and the one he always used. In later
Indonesian texts his name may be spelled "Purbacaraka" (using the
1048:
1152:
966:
464:
188:
621:("Javanese Literature"), which surveyed eighty-four old and modern Javanese literary works. He also published what he intended to be the first volume of
40:
408:
542:. Early in his career, he was criticized as "amateurish", and lacking a "scholarly accurateness". According to the Javanese literature scholar
475:
on several groups of manuscripts, containing their Dutch summaries and indexes of names. In
Batavia, he also met the future historian of Java,
297:
It was common for a
Javanese gentleman of Poerbatjaraka's time to change names and be given new titles throughout his life. His birth name was
277:) museum, cataloguing Javanese texts and writing scholarly works. After Indonesia's independence, he became a professor at the universities of
1097:
1137:
625:("The History of Indonesia"), covering the country's history up to the eighth century. No further volume was published until his death.
311:
1157:
471:), and catalogued the museum's large collection of Javanese texts, accumulated over nearly a century. While doing this, he wrote
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543:
483:
468:
429:. He was given a new name, Poerbatjaraka (Purbacaraka in modern Indonesian spelling) and was given the additional title
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270:
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149:
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Leiden, Netherlands as a representative. On his return, Poerbatjaraka was commanded by Pakubuwana X to marry
373:. Purbadipura was close to the monarch, and took on multiple roles, including those comparable to a European
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457:
278:
198:
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RAj. Ratna Saraswati Poerbatjaraka, RAy. Ratna Himawati Poerbatjaraka, Prof. RM. Purnadi Poerbatjaraka SH.
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487:
253:
and Javanese literature allowed him to take a position at the colony's Archaeology Service, and then at
193:
635:
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1047:(in Indonesian). Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia (The National Library of Indonesia). Archived from
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1045:"Prof. Dr. R.M. Ng. Purbatjaraka Tokoh Jawa Dalam Dunia Ilmu Pengetahuan Kesusastraan Jawa"
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in the Netherlands. He became assistant to a scholar of Javanese culture Dr.
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448:
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67:
26:
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The Literature Department's faculty building named after Poerbatjaraka at
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A portrait of Poerbatjaraka on the cover of a 2006 book commemorating him.
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327:
1035:
997:
581:
453:
274:
93:
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378:
266:
512:
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
146:
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
1010:"In Memoriam Dr. H. J. de Graaf: 2 December 1899 — 24 August 1984"
521:
407:
503:
117:
569:
and, after Indonesia's independence in 1945, he also wrote in
1089:
Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia
538:
With limited formal education, Poerbatjaraka was largely an
463:
He then returned to Batavia and worked at the Museum of the
452:
in 1926, with his thesis titled "Agastya in den Archipel" ("
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794:
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690:
688:
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869:
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333:("first"), and his father's name prefix. The second part,
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16:
Javanese/Indonesian self-taught philologist and professor
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of old Javanese literature. They were written mostly in
925:
923:
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884:
882:
433:. After several years in Batavia, he was recruited by
369:
Purbadipura, a noble courtier to the Sunan (monarch)
357:
Lesya on 1 January 1884 in Surakarta, the capital of
416:, for whom Poerbatjaraka worked as an assistant at
181:
176:
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140:
132:
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112:
101:
82:
49:
23:
757:
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580:Among his notable works, he published studies on
269:. He then returned to the colony to work at a
1128:Academic staff of the University of Indonesia
8:
1014:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
967:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
843:
831:
800:
698:
465:Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences
189:Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences
38:
20:
1025:
979:
1133:Academic staff of Gadjah Mada University
900:
873:
773:
510:. He was made an honorary member of the
361:, a monarchy which was then part of the
941:
858:
819:
785:
746:
731:
677:
659:
225:, 1 January 1884 – 25 July 1964) was a
962:"In Memoriam Professor Poerbatjaraka"
486:, he became a professor, teaching at
341:was from hanacaraka, the name of the
7:
1153:Academic staff of Udayana University
929:
912:
888:
761:
1107:Hall, Daniel George Edward (1961).
14:
314:), or "Purbatjaraka" (using the
638:Roosinah Poeger, a daughter of
345:, meaning ambassador or envoy.
318:). The first part of the name,
237:and professor, specialising in
1:
1110:Historians of South East Asia
261:. He was allowed to obtain a
469:National Museum of Indonesia
1138:Indonesian literary critics
1043:van der Meij, Dick (2006).
492:the University of Indonesia
365:. He was the eldest son of
1174:
1113:. Oxford University Press.
353:Poerbatjaraka was born as
316:Republican Spelling System
1084:Anderson, Benedict R. O'G
1027:10.1163/22134379-90003379
981:10.1163/22134379-90002918
584:, the Old Javanese works
518:Scholarly style and works
385:doctor, and a composer.
212:
155:
37:
1158:Leiden University alumni
484:Indonesia's independence
390:Hollands-Indische School
150:Bintang Mahaputera Utama
1020:(2/3). Brill: 191–201.
644:Yogyakarta royal family
221:(alternative spelling:
199:University of Indonesia
148:; Posthumous honour of
1092:. Equinox Publishing.
974:(4). Leiden: 405–412.
535:
421:
312:latest spelling system
245:royal courtier in the
241:. The eldest son of a
128:B.RAy. Roosinah Poeger
617:career, he published
552:(jesters in Javanese
528:Gajah Mada University
525:
488:Gajah Mada University
411:
349:Early life and family
194:Gajah Mada University
915:, pp. 136, 141.
640:Gusti Pangeran Haryo
367:Raden Mas Tumenggung
944:, pp. 411–412.
612:. His study on the
388:Lesya attended the
375:master of the robes
239:Javanese literature
160:Academic background
536:
496:Udayana University
422:
359:Surakarta Sunanate
204:Udayana University
72:Surakarta Sunanate
1099:978-979-3780-40-5
1051:on 22 August 2017
844:van der Meij 2006
832:van der Meij 2006
801:van der Meij 2006
788:, pp. 407–8.
699:van der Meij 2006
636:Bendara Raden Ayu
623:Riwajat Indonesia
508:Kapustakaan Djawi
443:Javanese language
435:Leiden University
418:Leiden University
363:Dutch East Indies
255:Leiden University
247:Dutch East Indies
216:
215:
171:Leiden University
144:Honorary Member,
76:Dutch East Indies
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619:Kapustakan Djawi
494:in Jakarta, and
293:Names and titles
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1065:"Poerbatjaraka"
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1006:Ricklefs, M. C.
1004:
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343:Javanese script
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263:doctor's degree
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97:
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893:
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878:
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863:
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680:, p. 405.
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656:
653:
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648:
642:Poeger of the
630:
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519:
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477:H. J. de Graaf
439:G. A. J. Hazeu
414:G. A. J. Hazeu
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113:Known for
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90:(aged 80)
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64:1 January 1884
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32:Poerbatjaraka
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1072:. Retrieved
1068:
1053:. Retrieved
1049:the original
1017:
1013:
971:
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958:Pigeaud, Th.
951:Bibliography
942:Pigeaud 1966
937:
908:
896:
859:Pigeaud 1966
839:
827:
820:Pigeaud 1966
803:, p. 2.
786:Pigeaud 1966
781:
769:
747:Pigeaud 1966
732:Pigeaud 1966
701:, p. 1.
678:Pigeaud 1966
632:
622:
618:
613:
609:Bharatayudha
607:
597:
593:Arjunawiwaha
591:
585:
579:
560:
553:
547:
537:
507:
481:
462:
447:
430:
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398:Hendrik Kern
387:
371:Pakubuwana X
352:
338:
334:
330:
323:
319:
309:
305:
298:
296:
233:self-taught
222:
218:
217:
182:Institutions
88:(1964-07-25)
86:25 July 1964
18:
1148:1964 deaths
1143:1884 births
604:C. Hooykaas
587:Smaradahana
467:(today the
326:, was from
259:Netherlands
235:philologist
223:Purbacaraka
108:, professor
106:Philologist
96:, Indonesia
1122:Categories
650:References
602:and, with
571:Indonesian
544:Th. Pigaud
540:autodidact
532:Yogyakarta
473:monographs
383:divination
283:Gajah Mada
231:Indonesian
166:Alma mater
120:literature
60:1884-01-01
25:Prof. Dr.
990:0006-2294
930:Hall 1961
913:Hall 1961
889:Hall 1961
655:Citations
549:punokawan
458:Nusantara
449:cum laude
355:Raden Mas
300:Raden Mas
279:Indonesia
243:Surakarta
68:Surakarta
27:Raden Mas
1086:(2006).
1069:tirto.id
1036:27863672
1008:(1985).
998:27860637
960:(1966).
762:tirto.id
614:Ramayana
599:Ramayana
575:Javanese
500:Denpasar
427:Sanskrit
328:Sanskrit
306:Ngabehi.
227:Javanese
133:Children
118:Javanese
582:Agastya
454:Agastya
431:Ngabehi
335:tjaraka
287:Udayana
275:Jakarta
273:(today
271:Batavia
257:in the
94:Jakarta
29:Ngabehi
1096:
1074:21 May
1034:
996:
988:
606:, the
555:wayang
482:After
404:Career
379:barber
339:caraka
324:Poerba
285:, and
267:Leiden
141:Awards
125:Spouse
1055:8 May
1032:JSTOR
994:JSTOR
567:Dutch
394:Dutch
331:purwa
320:Purba
251:Dutch
54:Lesya
1094:ISBN
1076:2017
1057:2020
986:ISSN
573:and
504:Bali
460:").
412:Dr.
381:, a
377:, a
83:Died
50:Born
1022:doi
1018:141
976:doi
972:122
577:.
498:in
456:in
337:or
322:or
265:at
1124::
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992:.
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970:.
964:.
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530:,
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74:,
70:,
1102:.
1078:.
1059:.
1038:.
1024::
1000:.
978::
764:.
534:.
420:.
229:/
62:)
58:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
