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initial bettor may only bet X; if a player wishes to raise a bet, they may only raise by X. In pot-limit poker, a player may bet or raise any amount up to the size of the pot. When calculating the maximum raise allowed, all previous bets and calls, including the intending raiser's call, are first added to the pot. The raiser may then raise the previous bet by the full amount of the pot. In no-limit poker, a player may wager their entire betting stack at any point that they are allowed to make a bet. In all games, if a player does not have enough betting chips to fully match a bet, they may go "all-in," allowing them to show down their hand for the number of chips they have remaining.
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462:, in which the players reveal their previously hidden cards and evaluate their hands. The player with the best hand according to the poker variant being played wins the pot. A poker hand comprises five cards; in variants where a player has more than five cards available to them, only the best five-card combination counts. There are 10 different kinds of poker hands, such as straight flush and four of a kind.
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543:: A complete hand is dealt to each player, face-down. Then each player must place an ante to the pot. They can then see their cards and bet accordingly. After betting, players can discard up to three cards and take new ones from the top of the deck. Then, another round of betting takes place. Finally, each player must show their cards and the player with the best hand wins.
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253:. What is certain, however, is that poker was popularized in the American South in the early 19th century, as gambling riverboats in the Mississippi River and around New Orleans during the 1830s helped spread the game. One early description of poker was played on a steamboat in 1829 is recorded by the English actor,
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While typical poker games award the pot to the highest hand as per the standard ranking of poker hands, there are variations where the lowest ranked hand wins. In such games the best hand contains the lowest cards rather than the highest cards; some variations may be further complicated by whether or
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There are several methods for defining the structure of betting during a hand of poker. The three most common structures are known as "fixed-limit," "pot-limit," and "no-limit." In fixed-limit poker, betting and raising must be done by standardized amounts. For instance, if the required bet is X, an
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Poker has increased in popularity since the beginning of the 21st century (2001) and has gone from being primarily a recreational activity confined to small groups of enthusiasts to a widely popular activity, both for participants and spectators, including online, with many professional players and
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Also known as "flop poker," community card poker is a variation of stud poker. Players are dealt an incomplete hand of face-down cards, and then a number of face-up community cards are dealt to the center of the table, each of which can be used by one or more of the players to make a 5-card hand.
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in its layout and betting; each player bets against the house, and then is dealt two cards. For the player to win, the third card dealt (after an opportunity to raise the bet) must have a value in-between the first two. Payout is based on the odds that this is possible, based on the difference in
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is a traditional poker variation where players remove clothing when they lose bets. Since it depends only on the basic mechanic of betting in rounds, strip poker can be played with any form of poker; however, it is usually based on simple variants with few betting rounds, like five card draw.
431:, and the dealer deals the appropriate number of cards to the players one at a time, beginning with the player to their left. Cards may be dealt either face-up or face-down, depending on the variant of poker being played. After the initial deal, the first of what may be several
706:. The authors claimed that Cepheus would lose at most 0.001 big blinds per game on average against its worst-case opponent, and the strategy is thus so "close to optimal" that "it can't be beaten with statistical significance within a lifetime of human poker playing."
526:, with a round of betting following each. This is the next-oldest family; as poker progressed from three to five-card hands, they were often dealt one card at a time, either face-down or face-up, with a betting round between each. The most popular stud variant today,
144:). In standard poker, each player bets according to the rank they believe their hand is worth as compared to the other players. The action then proceeds clockwise as each player in turn must either match (or "call") the maximum previous bet, or
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other players for various strategic reasons. Thus, while the outcome of any particular hand significantly involves chance, the long-run expectations of the players are determined by their actions chosen on the basis of
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is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, but in some places the rules may vary. While the earliest known form of the game was played with just 20 cards, today it is usually played with a
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While poker's exact origin is the subject of debate, many game scholars point to the French game Poque and the
Iranian game As-Nas as possible early inspirations. For example, in the 1937 edition of Foster's Complete
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rounds begins. Between rounds, the players' hands develop in some way, often by being dealt additional cards or replacing cards previously dealt. At the end of each round, all bets are gathered into the central pot.
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for each hand, but the button (typically a white plastic disk) is rotated clockwise among the players to indicate a nominal dealer to determine the order of betting. The cards are dealt clockwise around the
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A complete hand is dealt to each player, and players bet in one round, with raising and re-raising allowed. This is the oldest poker family; the root of the game as now played was a game known as
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only appeared in the middle of the 19th century, and was largely spread by the US military. It became a staple in many casinos following World War II and grew in popularity with the advent of the
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not hands such as flushes and straights are considered in the hand rankings. There are also games where the highest and lowest hands divide the pot between them, known as "high low split" games.
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wrote that "the game of poker, as first played in the United States, five cards to each player from a twenty-card pack, is undoubtedly the
Persian game of
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hands of five cards are sometimes used as a final showdown, but poker is almost always played in a more complex form to allow for additional strategy.
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With the exception of initial forced bets, money is only placed into the pot voluntarily by a player who either believes the bet has a positive
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are common, it may be played with 32, 40 or 48 cards. Thus poker games vary in deck configuration, the number of cards in play, the number
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249:." However, in the 1990s the notion that poker is a direct derivative of As-Nas began to be challenged by gaming historians including
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In most modern poker games, the first round of betting begins with one or more of the players making some form of a forced bet (the
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possible. Bluffing is a primary feature of poker, distinguishing it from other vying games and from other games that use
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a few years later between 2003 and 2006. Today the game has grown to become an extremely popular pastime worldwide.
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and other community card games began to dominate the gambling scenes over the next couple of decades. The
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values of the first two cards. Other poker-like games played at casinos against the house include
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takes place where the hands are revealed, and the player with the winning hand takes the pot.
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At the end of the last betting round, if more than one player remains, there is a
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Cards are dealt in a prearranged combination of face-down and face-up rounds, or
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for information on how to properly incorporate it into this article's main text.
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At any time during a betting round, if one player bets, no opponents choose to
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257:. The game was played with twenty cards ranking from Ace (high) to Ten (low).
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a hand typically rotates among the players and is marked by a token called a
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Other games that use poker hand rankings may likewise be referred to as
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Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the
History Behind Them
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Card Night: Classic Games, Classic Decks, and the
History Behind Them
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For more details on rules for the most common poker variants, see
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Bowling, M.; Burch, N.; Johanson, M.; Tammelin, O. (2015).
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name, but with a vastly different mode of play, is called
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are two well-known variants of the community card family.
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866:"World Series of Poker Retrospective: Horseshoe History"
127:, but all have rules that involve one or more rounds of
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844:. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 203.
809:. Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. p. 203.
69:"Poker player" redirects here. For the magazine, see
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in progress. "Hold 'em" is a popular form of poker.
427:the cards, the player on the chair to their right
411:One or more players are usually required to make
694:announced that they "essentially weakly solved"
202:This article should include a better summary of
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669:have been developed by researchers at the
294:Further information on betting rules:
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690:, a group of researchers mostly from the
1076:) is being considered for deletion. See
940:"Heads-up limit hold'em poker is solved"
32:This is an accepted version of this page
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684:In a January 2015 article published in
180:multimillion-dollar tournament prizes.
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260:In contrast to this version of poker,
1015:"Computer program 'perfect at poker'"
510:and still enjoyed in the U.K. today.
376:Examples of top poker hand categories
123:face up or face down, and the number
7:
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1504:
1177:List of poker playing card nicknames
644:poker. This game is more similar to
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57:
1080:to help reach a consensus. ›
888:Richard D. Harroch, Lou Krieger.
781:"Top 10 moments in poker history"
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1013:Gill, Victoria (2015-01-08).
892:. John Wiley & Sons, 2010
423:(sometimes both). The dealer
399:, a house dealer handles the
381:In casual play, the right to
211:Knowledge (XXG):Summary style
1438:Fundamental theorem of poker
770:Parlett (2008), pp. 568–570.
614:that functions much like a
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675:Carnegie Mellon University
577:as fictional poker player
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1643:Mathematics of bookmaking
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928:. Two Plus Two Pub, 1999.
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612:single-player video game
39:latest accepted revision
2122:Multi-player card games
2102:19th-century card games
1418:Open-face Chinese poker
1134:Index of poker articles
977:10.1126/science.1259433
732:Glossary of poker terms
901:Reuben, Stewart 2001.
838:"History of Poker" in
803:"History of Poker" in
679:University of Auckland
667:computer poker players
628:Another game with the
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472:List of poker variants
306:List of poker variants
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64:Poker (disambiguation)
2117:Games of mental skill
1469:Computer poker player
903:Starting out in Poker
829:Cowell (1844), p. 94.
692:University of Alberta
671:University of Alberta
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125:shared by all players
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2028:Video game addiction
1638:Gambling mathematics
1574:Gambling terminology
1349:Community card poker
549:Community card poker
415:, usually either an
159:or who is trying to
97:comparing card games
62:For other uses, see
2132:American inventions
2107:American card games
1048:, London: Penguin,
959:2015Sci...347..145B
926:The Theory of Poker
840:Roya, Will (2021).
805:Roya, Will (2021).
785:casinocitytimes.com
737:List of poker hands
453:poker hand rankings
302:List of poker hands
282:, resulting in the
276:televising of poker
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953:(6218): 145–149.
890:Poker for Dummies
752:Underground poker
704:Cepheus poker bot
661:Computer programs
408:, one at a time.
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16:(Redirected from
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272:Texas hold 'em
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2002:List of bets
1735:South Africa
1678:Dice control
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1474:Online poker
1410:
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1230:Non-standard
1220:Playing card
1122:
1071:
1045:
1022:. Retrieved
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742:Online poker
724:Games portal
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72:Poker Player
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37:This is the
31:
2076:WikiProject
1987:Casino game
1953:New Zealand
1793:Philippines
1631:Mathematics
1479:Poker tools
1389:Let It Ride
1263:Check-raise
1182:Tournaments
1066:‹ The
635:Acey-Deucey
622:Strip poker
608:Video poker
413:forced bets
406:poker table
174:game theory
166:probability
117:short packs
106:over which
2091:Categories
2066:Wiktionary
2018:Gaming law
1751:Bangladesh
1698:Martingale
1658:Strategies
1325:Stud poker
1311:Draw poker
1297:Variations
1278:Protection
1253:Aggression
1170:Poker boom
1036:Literature
1024:2022-02-10
875:2019-01-13
790:2021-02-24
758:References
677:, and the
583:Jack Kelly
536:Draw poker
518:Stud poker
489:variations
284:poker boom
280:millennium
255:Joe Cowell
219:April 2018
170:psychology
84:A game of
1948:Australia
1810:Singapore
1766:Hong Kong
1711:By region
1462:Computing
1453:Slow play
1273:Isolation
963:CiteSeerX
646:Blackjack
481:2006 WSOP
421:blind bet
99:in which
59:Card game
2046:Category
1820:Thailand
1788:Pakistan
1756:Cambodia
1605:Cardroom
1565:Gambling
1498:Category
1448:Pot odds
1430:Strategy
1210:Position
1198:Elements
1160:Glossary
1155:Cheating
1143:Overview
1068:template
1044:(2008),
1019:BBC News
997:Archived
985:25574016
710:See also
696:heads-up
592:Maverick
512:Straight
495:Straight
466:Variants
460:showdown
449:bluffing
425:shuffles
395:). In a
290:Gameplay
150:showdown
43:reviewed
2056:Commons
1941:Oceania
1915:Ontario
1906:Canada
1876:Ukraine
1846:Estonia
1830:Vietnam
1730:Nigeria
1624:Science
1522:Outline
1510:Commons
1165:History
1150:Betting
1070:below (
993:3796371
955:Bibcode
947:Science
687:Science
641:Red Dog
524:streets
500:Primero
433:betting
184:History
129:betting
101:players
2011:Issues
1967:Brazil
1910:Quebec
1897:Mexico
1871:Turkey
1866:Russia
1861:Norway
1851:France
1839:Europe
1825:Turkey
1815:Taiwan
1805:Russia
1798:Manila
1725:Angola
1718:Africa
1610:Racino
1588:Casino
1581:Venues
1087:Curlie
1073:Curlie
1052:
991:
983:
965:
909:
848:
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698:limit
397:casino
247:As-Nas
172:, and
2097:Poker
1979:Games
1856:Italy
1783:Japan
1778:India
1771:Macau
1761:China
1283:Steal
1258:Bluff
1246:Plays
1225:Hands
1123:Poker
1083:Poker
1000:(PDF)
989:S2CID
943:(PDF)
630:poker
610:is a
604:poker
560:Omaha
419:or a
401:cards
239:Hoyle
161:bluff
137:blind
121:dealt
104:wager
93:Poker
1744:Asia
1593:List
1341:Razz
1305:Brag
1268:Draw
1237:Tell
1205:Chip
1191:Play
1050:ISBN
981:PMID
907:ISBN
846:ISBN
811:ISBN
653:and
581:and
558:and
445:fold
441:call
429:cuts
417:ante
393:buck
391:(or
383:deal
304:and
209:See
146:fold
142:ante
108:hand
1215:Pot
1085:at
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951:347
638:or
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