42:
402:
436:
378:
471:
commercial urushiol removal agent. The blisters and oozing result from blood vessels that develop gaps and leak fluid through the skin; if the skin is cooled, the vessels constrict and leak less. If plant material with urushiol is burned and the smoke then inhaled, this rash will appear on the lining of the lungs, causing extreme pain and possibly fatal respiratory difficulty. If poison ivy is eaten, the mucus lining of the mouth and digestive tract can be damaged.
60:
363:
390:
347:
Poison ivies can grow as small plants, shrubs, or climbing vines. They are commonly characterized by clusters of leaves, each containing three leaflets, hence the common expression "leaves of three, let it be". These leaves can vary between an elliptic to egg shape and will have either smooth, lobed,
474:
Urushiol oil can remain active for several years, so handling dead leaves or vines can cause a reaction. In addition, oil transferred from the plant to other objects (such as pet fur) can cause the rash if it comes into contact with the skin. Clothing, tools, and other objects that have been exposed
470:
Those affected can unknowingly spread the urushiol inside the house, on phones, door knobs, couches, counters, desks, and so on, thus in fact repeatedly coming into contact with poison ivy and extending the length of time of the rash. If this happens, the surfaces should be wiped with bleach or a
567:
Typically, the rash from the urushiol oil lasts about five to twelve days, but in extreme cases it can last a month or more. A urushiol rash usually develops within a week of exposure and can last 1–4 weeks, depending on severity and treatment. In rare cases, urushiol reactions may require
466:
The oozing fluids released by scratching blisters do not spread the poison. The fluid in the blisters is produced by the body and it is not urushiol itself. The appearance of a spreading rash indicates that some areas received more of the poison and reacted sooner than other areas or that
554:
within the sap of poison ivy and related plants causes the allergic reaction; the plants produce a mixture of pentadecylcatechols, which collectively is called urushiol. After injury, the sap leaks to the surface of the plant where the urushiol becomes a blackish
418:
543:, though jewelweed extracts had no positive effect in clinical studies. Others argue that prevention of lesions is easy if one practices effective washing, using plain soap, scrubbing with a washcloth, and rinsing three times within 2–8 hours of exposure.
427:
580:. Mangoes are in the same family (Anacardiaceae) as poison ivy; the sap of the mango tree and skin of mangoes has a chemical compound similar to urushiol. A related allergenic compound is present in the raw shells of
401:
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420:
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426:
1048:
423:
41:
524:
compresses, dedicated commercial poison ivy itch creams, or baths to relieve discomfort, though recent studies have shown some traditional medicines to be ineffective.
1571:
460:. Around 15 to 25 percent of people have no allergic reaction to urushiol, but most people have a greater reaction with repeated or more concentrated exposure.
997:
422:
1180:
362:
1416:
1389:
981:
954:
356:
on the stem. Clusters of small, greenish flowers bloom from May to July and produce white berries in the fall a few millimeters in diameter.
1892:
508:
Urushiol binds to the skin on contact where it causes severe itching that develops into reddish inflammation or uncoloured bumps, and then
1198:
Long, D.; Ballentine, N. H.; Marks, J. G. (1997). "Treatment of poison ivy/oak allergic contact dermatitis with an extract of jewelweed".
1656:
1564:
501:, either applied to the skin or taken by mouth, may be appropriate in extreme cases. An astringent containing aluminum acetate (such as
484:
447:
262:
1729:
1056:
297:
is commonly eaten by many animals, and the seeds are consumed by birds, but poison ivy is most often thought of as an unwelcome
1766:
1724:
1557:
1311:
Zink, B. J.; Otten, E. J.; Rosenthal, M.; Singal, B. (1991). "The effect of jewel weed in preventing poison ivy dermatitis".
1120:
1819:
377:
1814:
1620:
1773:
1661:
795:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
59:
2020:
1999:
1804:
1644:
1640:
224:
946:
The
Doctors Book of Home Remedies: Quick Fixes, Clever Techniques, and Uncommon Cures to Get You Feeling Better Fast
389:
1751:
1706:
757:
724:
691:
657:
641:
591:
1110:
Wilson, W. H. & Lowdermilk, P. (2006). Maternal Child
Nursing Care (3rd edition). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier.
1851:
806:
330:: found throughout eastern Canada and the United States, Mexico and Central America, Bermuda and the Bahamas.
1676:
903:
633:
334:
318:
257:
251:
199:
179:
1233:
Gibson, MR; Maher, FT (1950). "Activity of jewelweed and its enzymes in the treatment of Rhus dermatitis".
2025:
1612:
1005:
326:
245:
190:
265:, an itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful rash, in most people who touch them. The rash is caused by
1887:
435:
872:
745:
679:
1933:
1792:
1381:
Medical
Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals
788:
712:
649:
1184:
832:
467:
contamination is still occurring from contact with objects to which the original poison was spread.
1989:
1982:
1799:
1597:
1145:
Appel, L.M. Ohmart; Sterner, R.F. (1956). "Zinc oxide: A new, pink, refractive microform crystal".
613:
521:
502:
584:. Similar reactions have been reported occasionally from contact with the related fragrant sumac (
309:
Three species of poison ivy are generally recognised; they are sometimes considered subspecies of
1945:
1904:
1696:
1635:
1357:
1328:
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625:
54:
1918:
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1093:
977:
971:
950:
944:
213:
205:
184:
273:. They are variable in appearance and habit, and despite its common name, it is not a "true"
1955:
1928:
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1277:
1242:
1207:
1154:
1083:
525:
209:
1994:
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1950:
1899:
1875:
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1809:
1691:
1517:"Botanical Dermatology – ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS – ANACARDIACEAE AND RELATED FAMILIES"
494:
490:
97:
1158:
1940:
1880:
1824:
1281:
1027:
901:
Chaker, Anne Marie; Athavaley, Anjali (June 22, 2010). "Least-Welcome Sign of Summer".
586:
533:
498:
353:
153:
84:
2014:
1787:
1736:
1701:
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1602:
1494:
1211:
290:
235:
163:
143:
1332:
1297:
1865:
1432:
1268:
Guin, J. D.; Reynolds, R. (1980). "Jewelweed treatment of poison ivy dermatitis".
1124:
1019:
853:
17:
243:, poison ivies are now generally treated as a complex of three separate species:
1777:
1761:
1756:
1681:
1516:
1459:
529:
457:
1977:
1741:
1716:
1625:
1580:
1347:
1324:
133:
576:
People who are sensitive to urushiol can also experience a similar rash from
539:
A plant-based remedy cited to counter urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is
505:) may also provide relief and soothe the uncomfortable symptoms of the rash.
338:: found throughout Canada and much of the United States except the southeast.
1909:
551:
547:
540:
463:
Over 350,000 people are affected by urushiol annually in the United States.
349:
286:
1254:
1246:
1166:
1097:
1502:
1467:
1446:
Tucker, Mark O.; Swan, Chad R. (1998). "The Mango–Poison Ivy
Connection".
1289:
1219:
1834:
1782:
517:
266:
110:
1549:
807:"LEAVES OF THREE, LET IT BE: HOW TO AVOID POISON IVY AND ITS ITCHY RASH"
239:
native to Asia and North
America. Formerly considered a single species,
1843:
1352:
577:
556:
513:
509:
453:
439:
1405:
Rietschel, Robert L.; Fowler, Joseph F.; Fisher, Alexander A. (2008).
1088:
1071:
581:
282:
274:
123:
493:
may help prevent a reaction. During a reaction, calamine lotion or
456:
caused by poison ivy. In extreme cases, a reaction can progress to
925:
604:
434:
416:
71:
1481:
Rosen, T.; Fordice, D. B. (April 1994). "Cashew Nut
Dermatitis".
1838:
298:
1553:
1181:"American Academy of Dermatology – Poison Ivy, Oak & Sumac"
1544:
270:
233:, aka ‘3 leaves’, is a type of allergenic plant in the genus
926:"Frequently Asked Questions about Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac"
880:
1121:"American Topics. An Outdated Notion, That Calamine Lotion"
594:. These other plants are also in the family Anacardiaceae.
1545:
Site with extensive photo images of plants and skin rashes
431:
A video describing the effects of poison ivy on the body
1049:"Misconceptions About Treating Poison Ivy and Oak Rash"
1072:"Toxicodendron Dermatitis: Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac"
475:
to oil should be washed to prevent further reactions.
528:
products to ease itching—or simply oatmeal baths and
485:
Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis § Treatments
1969:
1833:
1715:
1634:
1611:
1588:
1348:"How to never have a serious poison ivy rash again"
171:
53:
34:
1235:Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association
407:Leaves may be smooth or notched on the same plant.
1433:"Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac FAQs"
489:Immediate washing with soap and cold water or
1565:
8:
452:Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis is the
1572:
1558:
1550:
40:
31:
27:Allergenic plant of Asia and North America
1087:
813:. Forest Preserve District of Will County
269:, a clear liquid compound in the plant's
1076:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
873:"Contact-Poisonous Plants of the World"
671:
358:
1384:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 681–.
920:
918:
916:
914:
793:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
789:"Toxicodendron radicans, T. rydbergii"
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
352:. Additionally, the leaf clusters are
1521:The Internet Dermatology Society, Inc
7:
1893:Hydroxyethyl starch-induced pruritus
1159:10.1001/archderm.1956.01550040012003
1657:Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
1346:Extreme Deer Habitat (2014-06-22).
448:Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
263:urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
1730:Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
1282:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1980.tb04935.x
261:. They are well known for causing
25:
536:for the treatment of poison ivy.
371:vine with typical reddish "hairs"
1495:10.1097/00007611-199404000-00026
1212:10.1097/01206501-199709000-00005
1024:MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
400:
388:
376:
361:
58:
1448:New England Journal of Medicine
1360:from the original on 2021-12-21
1070:Gladman, Aaron C. (June 2006).
973:Lewis' dictionary of toxicology
1767:Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis
1725:Autoimmune estrogen dermatitis
1313:Journal of Wilderness Medicine
943:Editors of Prevention (2010).
1:
1976:substances taken internally:
1815:Nutritional deficiency eczema
1621:Pityriasis simplex capillitii
1378:Barceloux, Donald G. (2008).
998:"Poison Ivy, Oak & Sumac"
281:, but rather a member of the
1774:Autosensitization dermatitis
1662:African blackwood dermatitis
976:. CRC Press. pp. 901–.
497:may help mitigate symptoms.
442:from contact with poison ivy
2000:Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji
1805:Juvenile plantar dermatosis
1460:10.1056/NEJM199807233390405
1411:. PMPH-USA. pp. 408–.
1408:Fisher's contact dermatitis
970:Lewis, Robert Alan (1998).
559:after contact with oxygen.
225:Poison ivy (disambiguation)
49:Poison ivy fall coloration
2042:
1752:Topical steroid withdrawal
1707:Protein contact dermatitis
1020:"Poison ivy - oak - sumac"
758:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
754:Plants of the World Online
725:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
721:Plants of the World Online
692:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
688:Plants of the World Online
658:Toxicodendron vernicifluum
642:Toxicodendron diversilobum
482:
445:
222:
1820:Sulzberger–Garbe syndrome
1325:10.1580/0953-9859-2.3.178
949:. Rodale. pp. 488–.
598:Similar allergenic plants
176:
55:Scientific classification
48:
39:
1852:Lichen simplex chronicus
1483:Southern Medical Journal
787:Innes, Robin J. (2012).
532:—are now recommended by
395:Poison ivy on a roadside
1677:Abietic acid dermatitis
904:The Wall Street Journal
715:Toxicodendron orientale
682:Toxicodendron rydbergii
661:(Japanese lacquer tree)
634:Toxicodendron pubescens
383:Flower detail, with bee
335:Toxicodendron rydbergii
319:Toxicodendron orientale
258:Toxicodendron orientale
252:Toxicodendron rydbergii
1247:10.1002/jps.3030390516
1200:Am. J. Contact. Dermat
854:"How Poison Ivy Works"
835:. Oardc.ohio-state.edu
748:Toxicodendron radicans
645:(poison oak – western)
637:(poison oak – eastern)
443:
432:
327:Toxicodendron radicans
311:Toxicodendron radicans
246:Toxicodendron radicans
241:Toxicodendron radicans
1888:Drug-induced pruritus
1613:Seborrheic dermatitis
811:Reconnect with Nature
592:Japanese lacquer tree
438:
430:
322:: found in East Asia.
1934:Cholestatic pruritus
1924:due to liver disease
1793:Molluscum dermatitis
860:. 23 September 2005.
650:Toxicodendron vernix
629:(African poison ivy)
516:may be treated with
223:For other uses, see
1990:Nummular dermatitis
1983:Fixed drug reaction
1800:Circumostomy eczema
1598:Prurigo gestationis
932:. 25 February 2015.
614:Lithraea molleoides
2021:Plant common names
1946:Prurigo pigmentosa
1905:Aquagenic pruritus
1697:Contact stomatitis
1636:Contact dermatitis
1270:Contact Dermatitis
626:Smodingium argutum
444:
433:
18:Poison-ivy (plant)
2008:
2007:
1919:Adult blaschkitis
1856:Prurigo nodularis
1747:Eyelid dermatitis
1687:Airbag dermatitis
1590:Atopic dermatitis
1418:978-1-55009-378-0
1391:978-0-471-72761-3
1147:AMA Arch Dermatol
1089:10.1580/PR31-05.1
983:978-1-56670-223-2
956:978-1-60529-866-5
568:hospitalization.
454:allergic reaction
428:
221:
220:
216:
196:
187:
16:(Redirected from
2033:
1956:Puncta pruritica
1929:Biliary pruritus
1574:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1532:
1531:
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1527:
1513:
1507:
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1195:
1189:
1188:
1183:. Archived from
1177:
1171:
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1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1123:. Archived from
1117:
1111:
1108:
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1091:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1055:. Archived from
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1004:. Archived from
994:
988:
987:
967:
961:
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940:
934:
933:
922:
909:
908:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
879:. Archived from
871:Rohde, Michael.
868:
862:
861:
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
833:"Ohio Weedguide"
829:
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764:
742:
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733:
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709:
703:
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676:
621:– South America)
526:Over-the-counter
522:Burow's solution
503:Burow's solution
429:
404:
392:
380:
365:
203:
194:
183:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
2041:
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2032:
2031:
2030:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1995:Pityriasis alba
1965:
1961:Uremic pruritus
1951:Prurigo simplex
1900:Senile pruritus
1876:Pruritus vulvae
1871:Pruritus scroti
1842:
1829:
1810:Nummular eczema
1711:
1692:Baboon syndrome
1638:
1630:
1607:
1584:
1578:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1523:
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1514:
1510:
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1128:
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836:
831:
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826:
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786:
785:
772:
762:
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744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
711:
710:
706:
696:
694:
678:
677:
673:
668:
600:
574:
572:Related species
565:
546:The pentadecyl
499:Corticosteroids
495:diphenhydramine
491:rubbing alcohol
487:
481:
450:
417:
415:
408:
405:
396:
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228:
197:
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57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Prion pruritus
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1881:Scalp pruritus
1878:
1873:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1825:Xerotic eczema
1822:
1817:
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1807:
1802:
1797:
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1539:External links
1537:
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1508:
1489:(4): 543–546.
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1438:
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1417:
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1370:
1338:
1319:(3): 178–182.
1303:
1260:
1225:
1190:
1187:on 2009-06-05.
1172:
1153:(4): 316–324.
1137:
1112:
1103:
1082:(2): 120–128.
1062:
1059:on 2014-08-26.
1053:teclabsinc.com
1040:
1028:A.D.A.M., Inc.
1011:
1008:on 2007-07-08.
989:
982:
962:
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935:
930:poison-ivy.org
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653:(poison sumac)
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587:Rhus aromatica
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534:dermatologists
483:Main article:
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446:Main article:
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1866:Pruritus ani
1863:by location:
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180:T. orientale
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78:
29:
1778:Id reaction
1762:Dyshidrosis
1757:Hand eczema
1682:Diaper rash
530:baking soda
458:anaphylaxis
369:T. radicans
348:or toothed
343:Description
295:T. radicans
195:(L.) Kuntze
191:T. radicans
150:Subfamily:
98:Angiosperms
35:Poison ivy
2015:Categories
1978:Bromoderma
1742:Ear eczema
1626:Cradle cap
1583:and eczema
1581:Dermatitis
1454:(4): 235.
1364:2016-07-26
1131:2007-07-19
1031:Retrieved
887:2020-10-19
877:mic-ro.com
839:2022-08-27
817:19 October
763:19 October
730:19 October
697:19 October
666:References
510:blistering
231:Poison ivy
134:Sapindales
1910:Aquadynia
563:Prognosis
552:oleoresin
548:catechols
541:jewelweed
479:Treatment
354:alternate
287:pistachio
68:Kingdom:
1835:Pruritus
1783:Candidid
1645:irritant
1641:allergic
1358:Archived
1333:57162394
1298:46551170
1255:15421925
1167:13301048
1098:16805148
520:lotion,
518:calamine
512:. These
440:Blisters
289:family (
267:urushiol
172:Species
140:Family:
111:Eudicots
1844:Prurigo
1654:plants:
1503:8153790
1468:9673302
1353:YouTube
1290:6447037
1220:9249283
1033:16 June
1002:aad.org
582:cashews
578:mangoes
557:lacquer
550:of the
514:lesions
350:margins
305:Species
160:Genus:
130:Order:
72:Plantae
1717:Eczema
1674:other:
1526:22 Sep
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590:) and
283:cashew
277:Hedera
255:, and
214:Greene
185:Greene
124:Rosids
1970:Other
1329:S2CID
1294:S2CID
605:Gluta
275:ivy (
210:Rydb.
206:Small
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
79:Clade
1839:Itch
1528:2014
1499:PMID
1464:PMID
1413:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1286:PMID
1251:PMID
1216:PMID
1163:PMID
1094:PMID
1035:2019
978:ISBN
951:ISBN
819:2020
765:2020
732:2020
699:2020
299:weed
285:and
1491:doi
1456:doi
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