219:, the military construction group. The goals of the police battalions were to secure the rear by eliminating the remnants of the enemy forces, guarding the prisoners of war, and protecting the lines of communications and captured industrial facilities. Their instructions also included, as Daluege stated, the "combat of criminal elements, above all political elements". Comprising about 550 men, the battalion was raised from recruits mobilised from the 1905–1915 year groups. They were led by career police professionals, steeped in the ideology of
43:
304:
The Order Police as a whole had not been declared a criminal organisation by the Allies, unlike the SS, and its members were able to reintegrate into society largely unmolested, with many returning to police careers in
Austria and
281:. More than 900 Jews, including women and children, were murdered. There was only one survivor. Also on 2 September, personnel of the same units provided support to the SS and police forces liquidating the
243:) and Jews. The battalion shot thousands of prisoners. For example, between September 21 and 28, the unit killed over 6,000 people in Stalag 359B. In October 1941, a junior officer, Lieutenant
1194:
779:
1155:
1283:
534:
772:
254:
refused to carry out an order to shoot over 700 prisoners on legal and ethical grounds. He was discharged and eventually sentenced under the Nazi law of "
1304:
765:
804:
1340:
1318:
630:
604:
551:
519:
493:
987:
982:
977:
962:
957:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
187:
182:
into militarised formations ready to serve the regime's aims of conquest and racial annihilation. The police units participated in the
899:
700:
662:
1345:
688:
578:
269:("bandit-fighting") duties. It participated in the 2–3 September 1942 massacre of Jews who lived in the ghetto in Kożangródek (now
843:
1143:
967:
746:
1297:
1138:
919:
1350:
1189:
757:
1290:
1266:
1261:
1176:
1005:
997:
817:
1089:
309:. Six members of Police Battalion 306 were tried in the 1960s in West Germany for the murders committed in Pinsk and
194:, where they were deployed for security and policing purposes, also taking part in executions and mass deportations.
822:
812:
622:
596:
484:
654:
543:
1117:
1112:
1025:
1015:
972:
511:
262:
198:
147:
107:
1311:
1097:
1093:
1053:
904:
649:
795:
278:
1166:
1071:
1048:
1042:
183:
614:
1101:
1083:
1079:
1065:
1061:
1057:
951:
791:
529:
296:, Belarus). About 20,000 inhabitants were murdered, shot either in the ghetto or over prepared pits.
202:
277:). The perpetrators included personnel of the battalion's 2nd Company, alongside the 2nd Company of
138:
of 1941–45, it was deployed in German-occupied areas of the Soviet Union, as part of Nazi
Germany's
1256:
1075:
909:
737:
Smith, Michael (2004). "Bletchley Park and the
Holocaust". In Scott, L. V.; Jackson, P. D. (eds.).
567:
Crimes of State Past and
Present: Government-Sponsored Atrocities and International Legal Responses
266:
255:
139:
58:
244:
1210:
1161:
1107:
884:
725:
191:
1147:
1010:
853:
742:
717:
684:
672:
658:
626:
600:
574:
547:
515:
489:
403:
216:
135:
562:
288:
Between 29 October and 1 November 1942, the battalion participated in the liquidation of the
889:
879:
858:
848:
709:
588:
282:
270:
167:
1220:
1151:
894:
874:
179:
235:, occupied Poland, where its duties included shooting Soviet POWs who were identified as
535:
The United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
1038:
207:
1334:
1251:
1215:
1029:
729:
680:
503:
306:
289:
212:
175:
163:
159:
127:
83:
48:
249:
1225:
1133:
713:
178:, chief of the Order Police, cooperated in transforming the police force of the
1230:
721:
788:
570:
240:
143:
73:
63:
739:
Understanding
Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Journeys in Shadows
190:. Police troops were first formed into battalion-sized formations for the
1235:
1184:
236:
131:
274:
404:
The Lion and the Star: Gentile-Jewish
Relations in Three Hessian Towns
310:
232:
220:
201:
were slated to take part in the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union,
650:
Marching into
Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust in Belarus
293:
485:
Hitler's Bandit
Hunters: The SS and the Nazi Occupation of Europe
761:
838:
142:. Alongside other SS and police units, it participated in the
98:
619:
Hitler's Police
Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East
593:
Hitler's Police Battalions: Enforcing Racial War in the East
698:
Smith, Michael (2004). "Bletchley Park and the Holocaust".
438:
436:
171:
87:
261:
In the summer of 1942, the battalion became part of the
1312:
Marching into Darkness: The Wehrmacht and the Holocaust
677:
Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage
258:". The battalion departed Lublin on 18 February 1942.
375:
373:
1275:
1244:
1203:
1175:
1126:
1024:
996:
918:
867:
831:
803:
231:During 1941, Police Battalion 306 was stationed in
102:
79:
69:
54:
36:
28:
18:
1156:Guidelines for the Conduct of the Troops in Russia
162:was a key instrument of the security apparatus of
508:Perpetrators: The World of the Holocaust Killers
223:, driven by anti-semitism and anti-Bolshevism.
205:. Two battalions were assigned to support the
773:
140:security forces tasked with "bandit-fighting"
8:
1284:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
780:
766:
758:
454:
364:
352:
340:
313:. They were given short prison sentences.
99:
540:Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe
328:
442:
427:
415:
265:formed in the occupied Soviet Union for
321:
1195:Persecution of Soviet prisoners of war
391:
15:
1319:The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality
7:
466:
379:
146:and was responsible for large-scale
1305:Hitler's War in the East 1941−1945
701:Intelligence and National Security
563:"Hitler's Rassenkampf in the East"
14:
1139:Hitler's speech of 30 March 1941
406:, By Jonathan Friedman, page 263
150:targeting civilian populations.
41:
1090:Police Regiment Special Purpose
1341:1941 establishments in Germany
256:undermining of military morale
130:(uniformed police) during the
1:
1190:Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre
844:Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS
805:Army Group Rear Area Command
647:Beorn, Waitman Wade (2014).
188:occupation of Czechoslovakia
1267:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
1262:War crimes of the Wehrmacht
1006:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
714:10.1080/0268452042000302994
1367:
1298:Hitler's Generals on Trial
623:University Press of Kansas
597:University Press of Kansas
482:Blood, Phillip W. (2006).
952:Police Battalion (PB) 309
126:) was a formation of the
23:
1346:The Holocaust in Ukraine
832:Commanding organisations
655:Harvard University Press
544:Indiana University Press
166:. In the prewar period,
154:Background and formation
1291:Hitler’s Bandit Hunters
1118:2nd SS Infantry Brigade
1113:1st SS Infantry Brigade
512:Oxford University Press
199:Order Police battalions
148:crimes against humanity
108:15th SS Police Regiment
1054:Police Regiment Centre
905:Max von Schenckendorff
1167:Nazi security warfare
1072:Police Regiment South
1049:Police Regiment North
792:Army Group Rear Areas
615:Westermann, Edward B.
561:Porter, T.E. (2011).
530:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
184:annexation of Austria
62:Participation in the
59:Nazi security warfare
1016:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
591:(2005). "Foreword".
263:15th Police Regiment
239:political officers (
203:Operation Barbarossa
124:Polizeibattalion 306
120:Police Battalion 306
24:Polizeibattalion 309
19:Police Battalion 309
1351:SS and Police units
1257:War of annihilation
900:Edwin von Rothkirch
675:(22 October 2002).
343:, pp. 163–164.
279:Police Battalion 69
227:Operational history
215:of the SS, and the
1211:High Command Trial
1162:Mogilev conference
1108:SS Cavalry Brigade
920:Security Divisions
885:Kuno-Hans von Both
673:Persico, Joseph E.
573:. pp. 54–84.
192:invasion of Poland
170:, the head of the
1328:
1327:
1204:War crimes trials
1148:Barbarossa Decree
1011:Friedrich Jeckeln
854:Army Group Centre
839:Army High Command
796:German–Soviet War
632:978-0-7006-1724-1
606:978-0-7006-1724-1
589:Showalter, Dennis
553:978-0-253-00202-0
521:978-0-19066-113-7
495:978-1-59797-021-1
488:. Potomac Books.
217:Organisation Todt
136:Soviet-German war
115:
114:
94:
93:
1358:
1245:Related articles
910:Joachim Witthöft
890:Franz von Roques
859:Army Group South
849:Army Group North
782:
775:
768:
759:
752:
733:
694:
668:
636:
610:
584:
557:
538:. Vol. II:
525:
499:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
431:
425:
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
389:
383:
377:
368:
362:
356:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
267:Bandenbekämpfung
253:
168:Heinrich Himmler
100:
47:
45:
44:
16:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1271:
1240:
1221:Krasnodar Trial
1199:
1171:
1152:Commissar Order
1144:Criminal orders
1122:
1020:
992:
914:
895:Karl von Roques
875:Erich Friderici
863:
827:
799:
786:
749:
736:
697:
691:
671:
665:
646:
643:
641:Further reading
633:
621:. Kansas City:
613:
607:
595:. Kansas City:
587:
581:
560:
554:
542:. Bloomington:
528:
522:
502:
496:
481:
478:
473:
465:
461:
455:Westermann 2005
453:
449:
445:, p. 1443.
441:
434:
430:, p. 1400.
426:
422:
418:, p. 1391.
414:
410:
402:
398:
390:
386:
378:
371:
365:Westermann 2005
363:
359:
353:Westermann 2005
351:
347:
341:Westermann 2005
339:
335:
331:, p. xiii.
327:
323:
319:
302:
247:
229:
180:Weimar Republic
156:
116:
111:
97:
61:
42:
40:
12:
11:
5:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1279:
1277:
1276:Historiography
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1087:
1069:
1051:
1046:
1039:Einsatzgruppen
1035:
1033:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1002:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
871:
869:
865:
864:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
835:
833:
829:
828:
826:
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
801:
800:
787:
785:
784:
777:
770:
762:
756:
755:
754:
753:
747:
708:(2): 262–274.
695:
689:
669:
664:978-0674725508
663:
642:
639:
638:
637:
631:
611:
605:
585:
579:
558:
552:
532:, ed. (2012).
526:
520:
500:
494:
477:
474:
472:
471:
459:
457:, p. 231.
447:
432:
420:
408:
396:
384:
369:
357:
355:, p. 165.
345:
333:
329:Showalter 2005
320:
318:
315:
301:
298:
228:
225:
208:Einsatzgruppen
155:
152:
113:
112:
106:
104:
95:
92:
91:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
56:
52:
51:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1363:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1252:The Holocaust
1250:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1216:Kharkov Trial
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
921:
917:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:Ludwig Kübler
878:
876:
873:
872:
870:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
806:
802:
797:
793:
790:
783:
778:
776:
771:
769:
764:
763:
760:
750:
744:
740:
735:
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:
696:
692:
690:0-3757-6126-8
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
660:
656:
653:. Cambridge:
652:
651:
645:
644:
640:
634:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
580:9781317986829
576:
572:
568:
564:
559:
555:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:
531:
527:
523:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:Lewy, Guenter
501:
497:
491:
487:
486:
480:
479:
475:
469:, p. 34.
468:
463:
460:
456:
451:
448:
444:
443:Megargee 2012
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:Megargee 2012
424:
421:
417:
416:Megargee 2012
412:
409:
405:
400:
397:
394:, p. 92.
393:
388:
385:
382:, p. 80.
381:
376:
374:
370:
367:, p. 15.
366:
361:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
337:
334:
330:
325:
322:
316:
314:
312:
308:
299:
297:
295:
291:
286:
284:
283:Łachwa Ghetto
280:
276:
272:
271:Kažan-Haradok
268:
264:
259:
257:
251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
211:, the mobile
210:
209:
204:
200:
197:Twenty-three
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:. During the
133:
129:
125:
121:
109:
105:
101:
96:Military unit
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
60:
57:
53:
50:
39:
35:
31:
27:
22:
17:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1177:Major crimes
1026:Order Police
738:
705:
699:
681:Random House
676:
648:
618:
592:
566:
539:
533:
510:. New York:
507:
483:
476:Bibliography
462:
450:
423:
411:
399:
387:
360:
348:
336:
324:
307:West Germany
303:
290:Pinsk Ghetto
287:
260:
245:Klaus Hornig
230:
213:death squads
206:
196:
176:Kurt Daluege
164:Nazi Germany
160:Order Police
157:
128:Order Police
123:
119:
117:
84:Order Police
80:Part of
49:Nazi Germany
1226:Minsk Trial
1134:Hunger Plan
1032:Detachments
794:during the
392:Porter 2011
248: [
158:The German
103:Parent unit
1335:Categories
1231:Riga Trial
1127:Milestones
868:Commanders
748:0714655333
317:References
241:Commissars
798:, 1941–45
789:Wehrmacht
730:154692491
722:0268-4527
571:Routledge
467:Lewy 2017
380:Lewy 2017
300:Aftermath
144:Holocaust
74:Battalion
64:Holocaust
1236:Ukase 43
1185:Babi Yar
617:(2005).
506:(2017).
292:(now in
237:Red Army
186:and the
132:Nazi era
275:Belarus
110:(1942–)
90:command
37:Country
1102:PB 320
1098:PB 315
1094:PB 304
1084:PB 314
1080:PB 303
1066:PB 322
1062:PB 316
1058:PB 307
998:HSS-PF
818:Centre
745:
728:
720:
687:
661:
629:
603:
577:
550:
518:
492:
311:Stolin
233:Lublin
221:Nazism
174:, and
86:under
46:
29:Active
1076:PB 45
988:707th
983:454th
978:444th
973:403rd
968:286th
963:285th
958:281st
948:221st
943:213th
938:207th
933:203rd
928:201st
823:South
813:North
726:S2CID
294:Pinsk
252:]
32:1941–
1043:PB 9
1028:and
743:ISBN
718:ISSN
685:ISBN
659:ISBN
627:ISBN
601:ISBN
575:ISBN
548:ISBN
516:ISBN
490:ISBN
118:The
70:Size
55:Role
710:doi
1337::
1154:*
1150:*
1100:,
1096:,
1082:,
1078:,
1064:,
1060:,
1030:SS
741:.
724:.
716:.
706:19
704:.
683:.
679:.
657:.
625:.
599:.
569:.
565:.
546:.
514:.
435:^
372:^
285:.
273:,
250:de
172:SS
88:SS
1158:)
1146:(
1104:)
1092:(
1086:)
1074:(
1068:)
1056:(
1045:)
1041:(
954:)
950:(
781:e
774:t
767:v
751:.
732:.
712::
693:.
667:.
635:.
609:.
583:.
556:.
524:.
498:.
122:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.