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in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish grey in color, and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white
279:
regions. Gnatwrens typically occur in the undergrowth of dense, often humid, forest, while gnatcatchers, depending on the species involved, occur in anything from dry scrubby habitats (e.g. the
California gnatcatcher) to the
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complex, which recently has been proposed split into three species (four with the
Iquitos gnatcatcher), but not all authorities have accepted this (e.g.
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Atwood, J. & Lerman, S. (2006) Family
Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers). pp. 350–377 in: del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and D. Christie. eds (2006).
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Whitney, B. & Alonso, A. (2005) A new species of gnatcatcher from the white-sand forests in northern
Amazonian Peru with revision of the
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forest (e.g. the
Guianan gnatcatcher). The North American species nest in bushes or trees, but the breeding behavior of several of the
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Cite error: The named reference "ioc" was defined multiple times with different content (see the
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are browner, more thickset, and with proportionally shorter tails and longer bills.
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510:, was first described in 2005. This species is a member of the Guianan gnatcatcher
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Vol. 11. Old World
Flycatchers to Old World Warblers. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
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complexes, but at present scientific papers on these matters are lacking.
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States
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Relationships among families in the superfamily
Certhioidea.
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The family contains 21 species divided into 3 genera:
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234:south in winter. They are close relatives of the
607:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
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246:These dainty birds are intermediate between
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211:(except for the far south and the high
215:regions). Most species of this mainly
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678:. International Ornithologists' Union
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605:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
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676:"IOC World Bird List Version 14.2"
227:of the United States and southern
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292:species is essentially unknown.
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727:on the Internet Bird Collection
375:: spotted creepers – 2 species
585:Handbook of Birds of the World
1:
423:: gnatcatchers – 22 species
223:group are resident, but the
560:(17 species) – gnatcatchers
391:: treecreepers – 9 species
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345:: nuthatches – 29 species
322:: wallcreeper – 1 species
267:They are distributed from
203:. The 21 species occur in
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62:Scientific classification
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296:Taxonomy and systematics
263:Distribution and habitat
632:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
552:(2 species) – gnatwrens
544:(2 species) – gnatwrens
526:and masked gnatcatcher
674:, eds. (August 2024).
192:are a family of small
54:Polioptila californica
50:California gnatcatcher
908:Birds of the Americas
875:Paleobiology Database
705:Polioptila guianensis
513:Polioptila guianensis
502:critically endangered
439:: wrens – 96 species
225:blue-grey gnatcatcher
507:Polioptila clementsi
504:Iquitos gnatcatcher
255:tails. The skulking
623:2019PNAS..116.7916O
529:Polioptila dumicola
725:Gnatcatcher videos
670:; Donsker, David;
523:Polioptila plumbea
248:Old World warblers
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862:Open Tree of Life
737:Taxon identifiers
672:Rasmussen, Pamela
617:(16): 7916–7925.
594:978-84-96553-06-4
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709:Wilson Bull.
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682:24 September
680:. Retrieved
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541:Ramphocaenus
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308:Certhioidea
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190:gnatcatchers
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160:Ramphocaenus
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53:
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836:iNaturalist
769:Wikispecies
668:Gill, Frank
290:Neotropical
242:Description
221:subtropical
129:Certhioidea
897:Categories
565:References
557:Polioptila
549:Microbates
496:A species
389:Certhiidae
170:Polioptila
166:Microbates
707:complex.
691:help page
286:Amazonian
284:of humid
257:gnatwrens
194:passerine
85:Kingdom:
79:Eukaryota
754:Wikidata
651:30936315
343:Sittidae
232:migrates
217:tropical
135:Family:
99:Chordata
95:Phylum:
89:Animalia
75:Domain:
867:1093466
828:5789066
815:2925633
760:Q752549
642:6475423
619:Bibcode
199:called
152:Genera
115:Order:
105:Class:
880:372390
854:915676
649:
639:
592:
500:, the
282:canopy
277:Andean
229:Canada
213:Andean
146:, 1858
841:71355
802:627GW
789:95546
269:North
252:wrens
236:wrens
205:North
197:birds
144:Baird
849:ITIS
823:GBIF
784:BOLD
684:2024
647:PMID
590:ISBN
518:SACC
250:and
219:and
207:and
188:The
109:Aves
810:EoL
797:CoL
637:PMC
627:doi
615:116
271:to
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659:^
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52:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
