90:
20:
328:
368:
260:
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at the beginning of
November, after which Struś opened negotiations on terms of surrender. The Kremlin garrison formally capitulated on November 7. Although Trubetskoy promised to "leave the defeated in health and have respect," they were massacred instead: "The Cossacks beat the whole regiment,
290:
reached the
Kremlin. In January 1612, a regiment was able to break through to Moscow, which temporarily eased the food situation. However, the Hungarian infantrymen of Felix Nevyarovsky did not bring their provisions, and their presence only accelerated the return food scarcity.
391:
and other Upper Volga cities. In Nizhny
Novgorod, the mother of Prince Pozharsky put in her word for the prisoners, so they only were thrown "in a dungeon very dark, poor and stinking, in which they had been sitting for nineteen weeks". The prisoners held in
461:
Maskiewicz S. Dyjariusz
Samuela Maskiewicza: Początek swój bierze od roku 1594 w lata po sobie idące // Moskwa w rękach Polaków: Pamiętniki dowódców i oficerów garnizonu polskiego w Moskwie w latach 1610—1612. — Liszki, 1995. — S.
167:Żółkiewski placed the soldiers in Moscow so that in the event of an attack they could come to each other's aid or retreat to the Kremlin. A significant part of the garrison was located west of the Kremlin wall near the
559:
313:'s Cossacks discovered salted human flesh, "and under the slings, there is a lot of human corpse," suggesting that the garrison resorted to cannibalism when food supplies ran out.
212:
In March 1611, in connection with the formation of the First People's
Militia, the commander of the Polish-Lithuanian garrison, Aleksander Gosiewski, engaged in several
23:
Sigismund's drawing of Moscow, made by the Poles, engraved in 1610. The latest plan for Moscow, drawn up before the destruction of 1612. The plan is rotated 90 degrees:
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was signed in 1619, which ended the
Russian-Polish War and fostered an exchange of prisoners, the Poles and Lithuanians captured in the Kremlin were settled in
195:
524:; Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies – Moscow: Indrik, 2005 (Production and Printing Enterprise Printing House Nauka) – 415 Pages –
216:
during which most of Moscow was burned. Having broken the townspeople's resistance in advance, Gosiewski hoped to minimize support for the First
Militia.
186:
in
November for a meeting with Sigismund III, he took his regiments with him. Several units were left at the Novodevichy Convent to control the roads to
36:
69:
besieged Moscow and the Polish-Lithuanian forces there. The city was finally liberated by the Second People's
Militia, and the date of the capture of
507:
Budziłło J. Wojna moskiewska wzniecona i prowadzona z okazji fałszywych Dymitrów od 1603 do 1612 r. — Wrocław, 1995. — S. 136—138, 167
554:
114:
32:
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in
September, but forces with some 400 carts of provisions were forced to retreat after getting within two kilometers of the Kremlin.
339:
Throughout 1612, Polish-Lithuanian formations began to leave Moscow. Commander Gosiewski left in June, along with the veterans of the
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529:
118:
47:
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129:. Although he personally opposed the occupation of the Russian capital, he entered the city under the pressure of Polish king
574:
471:
The Legend of Avraamy Palitsyn – Moscow: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 1955 – Page 228
89:
409:
145:
279:'s wife or daughter, they took them by force." After the death of Sapieha in September 1611, Lithuanian commander
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243:
laid siege to the Kremlin garrison itself, which was manned by Poles. Also inside the walls were members of the
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160:. For every soldier, there were three civilians who had joined them on the way to Moscow acting as servants,
348:
322:
110:
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and Ivan Streshnev, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth side by Aleksander Koryciński and a Lieutenant (
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to the Russian throne so as to maintain order in the capital until the arrival of a new head of state, the
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213:
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122:
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172:
153:
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River. To maintain order, a tribunal was established in which the Russian side was represented by
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New Chronicler // Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles – Volume 14 – Moscow, 1965 – Page 127
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310:
240:
168:
130:
102:
74:
66:
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The entire first half of 1612 was unusually cold, and many of the garrison's soldiers formed a
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commanded what remained of the garrison. The garrison itself was almost resupplied during the
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268:
248:
227:, liberating most of the territory of Moscow, after which they locked the invaders behind the
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78:
16:
Armed occupation of Moscow by Polish–Lithuanian forces, 20 September, 1610 – 26 October, 1612
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306:
55:
19:
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220:
43:
was occupied by the Polish garrison with additional Lithuanian units under the command of
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332:
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At the end of 1610, about 6,000 armored and cavalry soldiers, 800 infantrymen, and 400
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40:
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Provisions for the garrison were collected in the Moscow region by the regiment of
244:
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Polish-Lithuanian Intervention in Russia and Russian Society / Boris Florea
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219:
In April and early May of that year, the militias stormed the ramparts of
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began in the city; speculators sold bread at 30 times its regular price.
236:
187:
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62:
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161:
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44:
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276:
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24:
35:
occupation of Moscow took place between 1610 and 1612 during the
489:
Various sources date this event on November 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th
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Ruslan Skrynnikov. On Guard of the Moscow Borders – Moscow, 1986
54:
led by Mikhail Saltykov. The occupation coincided with Russia's
263:
Expulsion of the Polish–Lithuanian invaders from the Kremlin
194:. The rest were staged closer to the besieged Smolensk, in
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Alexey Zakharevich. Russian Tsars. Phoenix, 2009. Page 127
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entered Moscow without a fight. Żółkiewski camped on the
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At the end of 1611, carts with provisions collected by
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Military history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
428:
See the translation of dates from the Julian calendar
77:on November 4, alongside festivities in honour of
309:claims that after they entered into the Kremlin,
283:took over the difficult task of collecting food.
275:, "what anyone liked, and whether the greatest
271:. According to the testimony of the memoirist
354:Trubetskoy's Cossacks established control of
8:
343:and the remnants of the Kremlin's treasury.
331:Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow. Painting by
61:From March 1611 to the autumn of 1612, the
442:History of the Polish Garrison in Moscow
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326:
258:
18:
436:
434:
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73:is celebrated in modern Russia as the
7:
298:and abandoned the Russian capital.
410:Occupation of Moscow by the French
14:
109:agreed to elevate Polish prince
97:In October–November 1610, after
202:Siege of Moscow by the Cossacks
400:were completely exterminated.
33:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
140:were stationed at Moscow and
37:Polish intervention in Russia
247:, including the future Tsar
146:Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski
591:
555:Military history of Moscow
371:Poles in Russian captivity
320:
249:Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
205:
570:Incidents of cannibalism
182:When Żółkiewski went to
50:and assisted by Russian
323:Battle of Moscow (1612)
565:17th century in Moscow
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336:
264:
255:Hunger and cannibalism
208:Moscow Uprising (1611)
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28:
575:Cannibalism in Europe
370:
363:Fate of the prisoners
330:
281:Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
262:
223:and the walls of the
123:Khoroshyovsky Meadows
101:troops were defeated
92:
75:Day of National Unity
22:
396:and along the river
173:Grigory Romodanovsky
154:Aleksander Zborowski
119:Stanisław Żółkiewski
93:Stanisław Żółkiewski
85:Żółkiewski in Moscow
48:Stanisław Żółkiewski
142:Novodevichy Convent
27:– right, top – west
373:
337:
311:Dmitry Troubetskoy
305:Russian historian
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95:
29:
273:Samuel Maskiewicz
269:Jan Piotr Sapieha
241:Dmitry Trubetskoy
164:and prostitutes.
150:Marcin Kazanowski
111:Władysław IV Vasa
79:Our Lady of Kazan
67:Dmitry Trubetskoy
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545:Time of Troubles
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377:Truce of Deulino
359:leaving a few."
349:Battle of Moscow
307:Avraamy Palitsyn
251:and his mother.
245:Semiboyarshchina
56:Time of Troubles
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550:1610s in Russia
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389:Nizhny Novgorod
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341:Klushino Battle
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520:Boris Florea.
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333:Mikhail Scotti
318:
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288:Samuel Korecki
256:
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221:Zemlyanoy City
214:street battles
206:Main article:
203:
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198:and Mozhaysk.
127:Khodynka Field
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440:Tomas Bohun.
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345:Mikołaj Struś
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296:confederation
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233:Kremlin Walls
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158:Ludwik Wejher
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131:Sigismund III
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179:) Maliński.
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115:Commonwealth
107:Seven Boyars
96:
60:
30:
375:Before the
356:Kitay-Gorod
317:Autumn 1612
229:Kitay-Gorod
192:Volokolamsk
103:at Klushino
71:Kitay-Gorod
39:, when the
539:Categories
416:References
321:See also:
239:of Prince
225:White City
169:Neglinnaya
117:troops of
65:of Prince
381:Yaroslavl
177:Porucznik
144:, led by
404:See also
385:Balakhna
237:Cossacks
188:Mozhaysk
184:Smolensk
105:and the
63:Cossacks
515:Sources
462:175—176
162:sutlers
138:hajduks
99:tsarist
41:Kremlin
528:
394:Galich
335:(1850)
300:Famine
235:. The
196:Vereya
52:boyars
45:hetman
398:Unzha
277:boyar
25:north
526:ISBN
231:and
190:and
156:and
125:and
31:The
541::
433:^
387:,
383:,
152:,
148:,
133:.
81:.
58:.
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