822:, Dvina, Dźwina, Väinä) River would be Chodkiewicz's crowning achievement. Chodkiewicz, having smaller forces (approximately at 1:3 disadvantage again), used a 'feint' to force the Swedes off their high position. The Swedes under Charles thought that the Polish–Lithuanians were retreating therefore, they advanced, spreading out their formations to give chase. This is what Chodkiewicz was waiting for. The Commonwealth's army now gave fire with their infantry causing the Swedes some losses, at which point the Hussars moved into a re-formation and charged at the Swedish infantry formations. The Swedish formations broke completely, the King himself fleeing, barely escaping back to his flotilla off the coast. Thus Chodkiewicz with barely 3,600 troops defeated a Swedish army of 11,000 soldiers; for this feat he received letters of congratulation from the
565:. In addition, szlachta did not think highly of the Swedes, and did not expect this war to drag long or be difficult. They grossly underestimated their opponent, thinking that Poland, having been nearly undefeated in battle for over a hundred years, would be easily able to parry any attacks of the Scandinavians. The Commonwealth had nearly 10 million inhabitants, almost 10 times that of 1 million in Sweden. On the other hand, szlachta forgot that the Commonwealth had one of the smallest military to population ratios in Europe, and that Sweden was able to draft a large army much more quickly than the Commonwealth, due to its centralized government and obligatory draft of free peasants.
139:
1593:
846:
hetman to carry on the war as best he could with a handful of mercenaries paid out of the pockets of himself and his friends. With tiny, inadequate forces, Chodkiewicz nonetheless prevented Swedes from overrunning the entire
Inflanty (Latgale) region, helped by a relative inaction of Swedish commanders until 1608. Chodkiewicz, who was one of the magnates who remained loyal to the king, had to divide his attention between the rebellion against Sigismund in the Commonwealth (the
645:). Soon afterwards, Jan Zamoyski, fresh from his victory against the Moldavians, came in to help against the Swedes, with 12,000 men, and 50 artillery pieces, 15 of which were classified as heavy. Charles was unable to deal effectively with such an army and was forced to retreat. However, during the retreat he left sizable numbers of defenders at various captured fortresses in Livonia. Zamoyski now took to siege warfare instead of chasing the retreating King, soon capturing
1847:
1856:
1868:
717:) (often winning against superior odds, like at Weissenstein where he had only 2,300 men and defeated a 6,000 man Swedish force; Chodkiewicz wrote in his memoirs this was a decisive battle and one of his greatest victories, with Polish–Lithuanian losses 81 dead, 100 wounded and Swedish losses approaching half of their army). For his valour, Chodkiewicz was rewarded by the king with the grand hetman
574:
127:
39:
811:(Üxküll), where he built a small fortified camp. Charles, who arrived at Riga on 23 September, learned of the Chodkiewicz force nearby and decided to destroy it with an attack by the majority of the Swedish force within the area. On 27 September the Swedish force under King Charles moved towards Kircholm.
725:. However, the war was neglected by the Commonwealth's parliament, which turned a deaf ear to all his requests for reinforcements and for supplies and money to pay his soldiers. The Commonwealth's de-centralised financial system (all taxes had to be agreed upon by all the nobility at Sejm and regional
531:
However, Sigismund did not give up on regaining the
Swedish throne. From then on, most of his policies would revolve around his attempts to conquer Sweden, even though Commonwealth nobility had little will for such a long and bloody conflict. Sigismund began his plans in 1599, when he confirmed the
845:
Yet this great victory was absolutely fruitless, owing to the domestic dissensions which prevailed in the
Commonwealth during the following five years. Chodkiewicz's own army, unpaid for years, abandoned him at last en masse in order to plunder the estates of their political opponents, leaving the
795:
Chodkiewicz moved in to relieve the garrison at Riga but found out that the Swedes were also sending in reinforcements under
Lennartson. Chodkiewicz moved in on Lennartson however he decided not to allow for open battle and retreated into a fortress. On finding out that Charles himself was now
680:
Chodkiewicz was appointed acting commander in chief of
Lithuania forces after Zamoyski's return south in 1602 (Zamoyski would never return to lead the armies, his health deteriorated, and he would die in 1605). Chodkiewicz, despite inadequate supplies and little support from the Commonwealth
512:, at one time king of both the Commonwealth and Sweden, lost the throne of Sweden. Few Commonwealth troops participated in that conflict, and it is mostly regarded as a Swedish civil war, not part of the Polish–Swedish wars. After an early stalemate, Sigismund was defeated at the
770:
636:
to fight the
Swedish incursion, which now threatened not only the Estonia promised by Sigismund, but older Polish territories south of it. Chodkiewicz and Radziwiłł defeated the Swedes in the first major open battle of this war at Kokenhusen (modern
219:
615:, reacted by increasing funds for the army and recalling forces and commanders from the southern front (deemed less important as most of that war took place outside Commonwealth territory) to the threatened north.
212:
792:(Daugavgrīva, Dynemunt) near Riga, although without any success. After this setback they began laying siege to Riga. Their main mission was to capture this important city, one of the largest Baltic ports.
561:, supported this particular conflict, assuming it would be limited to Estonia only, and expecting many gains in the form of new lands and increases of grain export through access to Estonian ports on the
2844:
1906:
2816:
371:
865:. Eventually, a truce was signed in 1611 after the death of Charles IX. It would last until 1617 (or November 1620, conflicting sources). During the next decade, the Commonwealth was occupied by
205:
186:
2889:
2884:
1053:
1780:
592:
1823:
2349:
1510:
364:
1985:
1736:
853:
Mansfeld captured
Daugavgriva, Viljandi, and Koknese, but when Chodkiewicz returned, the tide turned. In 1609, Chodkiwicz once more relieved Riga besides capturing
2675:
2113:
1116:
740:, after which they usually attacked demoralized Swedish infantry which was unable to retreat at all, and usually annihilated whole formations of this infantry.
2252:
1293:
357:
2874:
1046:
2671:
1879:
1381:
2056:
2041:
2007:
1202:
2869:
2585:
2069:
2371:
2354:
2344:
2332:
2285:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2176:
2019:
1813:
1773:
1529:
1516:
1456:
1415:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1158:
866:
425:
420:
415:
400:
30:
2152:
2002:
1279:
2046:
1911:
1901:
1221:
2766:
1039:
595:
striking first was able to deal the
Swedish forces several defeats in the open fields, Swedes took control not only of Estonia, but of most of
939:
2864:
2776:
2074:
1535:
1185:
1131:
1121:
492:. After skirmishes, sieges and battles often aborted by Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, a truce was signed until the later invasion by the Russians.
2556:
732:
Chodkiewicz nevertheless more than held his own against the Swedes. He instituted a new form of warfare based upon his use of the elite
591:, and Swedish forces quickly gained 3:1 numerical superiority. In the beginning of the war, in 1600, although a Commonwealth army under
2804:
2784:
2327:
2130:
2096:
1741:
1080:
501:
473:
143:
138:
1766:
2753:
2667:
2637:
2477:
2411:
1449:
469:
131:
2443:
1491:
2854:
1959:
1062:
796:
marching in with yet more reinforcements (around 5,000), Lennartson decided to link up with the king and assault Riga together.
182:
2879:
2859:
2839:
2717:
1964:
1954:
1659:
2458:
2849:
2536:
1004:
2704:
2210:
2101:
1497:
1267:
1261:
1249:
1243:
1226:
669:). However, Zamoyski, now 60 years old, had fallen ill and Chodkiewicz took command and laid siege to Dorpat. At Wesenberg (
430:
989:
In the
Shadows of Poland and Russia: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th Century
1818:
1789:
1088:
395:
2699:
2654:
2448:
2159:
1563:
1557:
1287:
338:
2590:
2914:
2811:
2560:
2505:
2500:
2051:
1592:
447:
2789:
2524:
2512:
1833:
1808:
1697:
1126:
781:
452:
2622:
1938:
1670:
1664:
1110:
729:) meant that the Commonwealth treasury was almost always empty. This flaw plagued the Commonwealth for centuries.
2909:
2529:
1616:
784:
landed in
Estonia again. Several days later, another Swedish expedition, numbering around 4,000 and led by Count
674:
313:
165:
2580:
1916:
785:
754:
gave the Swedes much financial help, likely attempting to keep both Sweden and the Commonwealth busy during the
587:
Thus, the Commonwealth was forced to fight on two fronts, as its armies were also needed south to deal with the
525:
2894:
2617:
1070:
874:
288:
2319:
2139:
1994:
1891:
1327:
736:
cavalry and consequently the Swedes were defeated again and again in the open field. First the Poles attacked
381:
248:
190:
2904:
2899:
2627:
2605:
2595:
2359:
2337:
1522:
1421:
1195:
577:
533:
489:
333:
298:
293:
258:
253:
243:
328:
2694:
2572:
2463:
2297:
2280:
2247:
2240:
2169:
1574:
1395:
1337:
1322:
847:
744:
710:
709:, Narew) remained under Swedish control. In 1604 he captured Dorpat, defeated the Swedish generals in the
588:
513:
303:
278:
107:
2600:
2799:
2727:
2610:
2436:
2164:
1483:
1332:
642:
622:
505:
405:
283:
263:
174:
1927:
2761:
2431:
2307:
2302:
2267:
1803:
1727:
1717:
1708:
1689:
1477:
1407:
1401:
1299:
1147:
996:
773:
698:
517:
485:
155:
890:
2401:
2012:
1828:
1437:
987:
910:
894:
2661:
2423:
2290:
2275:
2222:
2186:
2079:
2024:
1650:
1634:
1551:
1468:
1387:
1353:
1305:
1190:
1164:
1153:
1093:
1026:
898:
886:
815:
693:, brilliantly distinguished himself, capturing fortress after fortress and repulsing the duke of
690:
509:
442:
308:
170:
43:
1678:
2722:
2541:
2517:
2453:
2366:
2257:
1969:
1896:
1622:
1255:
1000:
968:
935:
318:
2732:
2686:
2546:
2485:
2418:
2396:
2376:
2235:
2215:
2084:
1628:
1503:
1462:
1431:
1208:
755:
650:
646:
477:
436:
159:
2737:
2490:
2106:
2089:
1610:
1214:
839:
737:
604:
541:
323:
273:
268:
789:
743:
In 1605, the Swedes again spent large sums of money to conscript a new massive army. The
694:
599:, the Commonwealth territory south of Estonia (the entire region was known in Poland as
520:
and forced to retreat to the Commonwealth. This also spelled the end of the short-lived
2495:
1846:
870:
831:
537:
521:
481:
1855:
2833:
819:
751:
850:, 1606–1609) and a fresh invasion of Livonia by the Swedes led by Mansfeld in 1608.
808:
769:
2649:
2406:
2147:
1867:
1443:
1273:
1011:
The first phase of the war (1600-1611) was a military success for the Commonwealth.
629:
178:
677:
sent to relieve the Swedish troops in Dorpat. The town surrendered in April 1603.
573:
197:
2551:
1639:
1569:
1031:
799:
Chodkiewicz, who failed to prevent the Swedish forces from joining, moved from
2036:
2031:
1177:
1171:
686:
626:
562:
972:
1758:
804:
759:
747:
spent much cash on conscripting new formations and as well as this, Russian
722:
633:
38:
718:
885:
The result of the war is disputed among historians. Some historians, like
869:. Southern borders were also endangered by the constant troubles with the
2794:
1746:
854:
800:
662:
658:
558:
957:"The Relationship Between Revolt and War in Early Modern Western Europe"
956:
1922:
670:
638:
596:
74:
69:
653:(Viljandi, Felin). By 1602, the Swedes were only left with control of
349:
827:
733:
726:
619:
581:
126:
79:
862:
858:
768:
763:
714:
706:
666:
654:
572:
897:
claim that the war ended in a draw, while other historians, like
835:
823:
748:
702:
682:
612:
1762:
1035:
861:
and finally defeated Mansfeld's army once again near the river
353:
201:
780:
In 1605, a few miles from Reval, a 5,000 strong army led by
826:, all the Catholic potentates of Europe, and even from the
1907:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
955:
Kiser, Edgar; Drass, Kriss A.; Brustein, William (1994).
901:
claim that the war ended in a Polish–Lithuanian victory.
516:
in 1598. By 1599, Sigismund was dethroned by his uncle,
934:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts Pocket. p. 74.
16:
Conflict over Livonia, Estonia, and the Swedish throne
857:. Chodkiewicz also defeated the Swedish flotilla at
2775:
2752:
2685:
2636:
2571:
2476:
2318:
2138:
2129:
1993:
1984:
1947:
1878:
1796:
1726:
1707:
1688:
1649:
1603:
1544:
1315:
1236:
1140:
1103:
1079:
1069:
673:), he defeated a Swedish reinforcement force under
2845:Wars involving the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
536:. These documents, signed when he was elected as
758:. The Swedes were able to hire large numbers of
1737:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
23:
2118:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
1824:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
540:, promised that the then-Swedish territory of
1774:
1047:
961:Journal of Political & Military Sociology
818:(Salaspils) on 27 September 1605, near Düna (
365:
213:
8:
2890:1610s in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2885:1600s in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
2114:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
2102:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
788:, landed near and besieged the fortress of
2642:
2135:
1990:
1960:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
1884:
1781:
1767:
1759:
1344:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
1076:
1054:
1040:
1032:
372:
358:
350:
220:
206:
198:
20:
1965:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
1955:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
2253:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
1814:History of Polish intelligence services
1558:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
1294:War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession
922:
544:would become part of the Commonwealth.
468:was a continuation of struggle between
2767:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2160:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
632:, recalled from Moldavia, arrived in
7:
2350:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
2003:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
1280:Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory
1117:Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)
705:, however Reval, Pernau, and Narwa (
593:Krzysztof Mikołaj "Piorun" Radziwiłł
2586:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
1511:Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War
504:and Sweden traces its roots to the
2875:Warfare of the early modern period
508:. In this civil war (1597–1599),
480:, as well as the dispute over the
14:
1604:Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)
2372:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
2075:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
1866:
1854:
1845:
1591:
1536:Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)
1186:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
1132:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
1122:Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)
766:engineers from all over Europe.
657:(Tallinn, Talin, Rewl), Pernau (
137:
125:
37:
2355:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
2345:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
2333:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
2286:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
2204:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
2199:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
2194:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
2182:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
2177:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
2070:Władysław the White's rebellion
2057:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
2042:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
2008:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
1660:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1382:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War
1222:Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)
611:)). The Polish parliament, the
524:between Poland and Sweden (the
31:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
2537:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
2328:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
2097:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
1742:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1328:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish wars
1203:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1159:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
502:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
474:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
466:Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)
144:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
24:Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)
1:
2444:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
2412:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2085:1444 war against the Ottomans
1912:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
1902:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
1819:List of wars involving Poland
1530:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1517:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1457:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1450:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
1416:Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War
1374:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1368:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1362:Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War
1348:Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War
1089:Mongol invasions of Lithuania
1063:Lithuanian wars and conflicts
1027:Swedish-Polish War, 1600–1609
782:Anders Lennartson of Forstena
2454:War of the Bar Confederation
2449:War of the Polish Succession
1564:War of the Bar Confederation
1268:5th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1262:4th Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1250:3rd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1244:2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War
1227:1st Muscovite–Lithuanian War
986:Kotljarchuk, Andrej (2006).
661:, Parnau, Parnawa), Hapsal (
94:
2812:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2705:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
2501:War of the Fourth Coalition
2153:campaign of Stephen Báthory
1492:Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War
448:War of the Fourth Coalition
2931:
2870:Lithuania–Sweden relations
2790:Operation Uphold Democracy
2525:War of the Sixth Coalition
2513:War of the Fifth Coalition
2459:Polish–Russian War of 1792
1834:Warfare in Medieval Poland
1809:History of the Polish Army
1698:June Uprising in Lithuania
1127:Battle of the Vikhra River
786:Frederick Joachim Mansfeld
500:This conflict between the
453:War of the Sixth Coalition
2713:
2700:Białystok Ghetto uprising
2645:
2530:French invasion of Russia
2389:
2231:
2211:Northern War of 1655–1660
2065:
1887:
1840:
1790:Polish wars and conflicts
1617:French invasion of Russia
1586:
1288:Northern Seven Years' War
762:, as well as hiring many
391:
239:
149:
118:
49:
36:
28:
2618:Second Silesian Uprising
1935:1156 war against Germany
1932:1146 war against Germany
1071:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
665:, Hapsalu), and Dorpat (
2865:Poland–Sweden relations
2855:17th century in Estonia
2817:Military aid to Ukraine
2628:Third Silesian Uprising
2596:First Silesian Uprising
2591:Polish–Czechoslovak War
2360:Battle of Chocim (1673)
2338:Battle of Chocim (1621)
1523:Battle of Khotyn (1673)
1422:Battle of Khotyn (1621)
578:Sigismund III of Poland
490:Sigismund III of Poland
171:Sigismund III of Poland
2880:17th century in Sweden
2860:17th century in Latvia
2840:17th-century conflicts
2695:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2638:World War II in Poland
2298:Zebrzydowski rebellion
2281:Moldavian Magnate Wars
2248:Siege of Danzig (1577)
1396:Zebrzydowski rebellion
1323:Moldavian Magnate Wars
867:its war against Russia
848:Zebrzydowski Rebellion
777:
711:battle of Weissenstein
675:Arvid Eriksson Stålarm
608:
589:Moldavian Magnate Wars
584:
150:Commanders and leaders
108:Status quo ante bellum
2850:Wars involving Sweden
2800:2003 invasion of Iraq
2728:Operation Ostra Brama
2623:Polish–Lithuanian War
2437:Battle of Berestechko
2165:War against Sigismund
1939:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1671:Polish–Lithuanian War
1665:Lithuanian–Soviet War
1484:Battle of Berestechko
1333:War against Sigismund
1111:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
930:Eriksson, Bo (2007).
772:
643:battle of Kokenhausen
641:) in early 1601 (see
623:Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
576:
557:Polish nobility, the
506:War against Sigismund
191:Jürgen von Farensbach
187:Thunderbolt Radziwiłł
175:Jan Karol Chodkiewicz
2581:Polish–Ukrainian War
2432:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1995:Polish–Teutonic wars
1804:Early modern warfare
1718:Lithuanian partisans
1478:Khmelnytsky Uprising
1148:Samogitian uprisings
997:Stockholm University
774:Charles IX of Sweden
618:In 1601, Lithuanian
526:Polish–Swedish union
486:Charles IX of Sweden
284:Weissenstein (siege)
183:Stanisław Żółkiewski
156:Charles IX of Sweden
2678:during World War II
2464:Kościuszko Uprising
2428:1644 Tatar Invasion
2402:Fedorovych uprising
2393:1624 Tatar Invasion
2320:Polish–Ottoman wars
2272:1593 Tatar Invasion
2264:1589 Tatar Invasion
2241:Battle of Lubieszów
2170:Battle of Stångebro
2140:Polish–Swedish wars
2047:Thirteen Years' War
1917:Miecław's Rebellion
1892:Polish–Veletian War
1829:Polish Armed Forces
1797:General and related
1575:Kościuszko Uprising
1474:1644 Tatar Invasion
1438:Fedorovych uprising
1428:1624 Tatar Invasion
1338:Battle of Stångebro
1196:Battle of Pabaiskas
911:Polish-Swedish wars
514:Battle of Stångebro
478:Livonia and Estonia
383:Polish–Swedish wars
230:Polish–Swedish War
2915:Polish-Swedish war
2805:Occupation of Iraq
2785:War in Afghanistan
2662:Invasion of Poland
2557:fighting in Poland
2478:Poland partitioned
2424:Ostryanyn uprising
2276:Nalyvaiko Uprising
2223:Great Northern War
2187:Battle of Kircholm
2080:Battle of Grotniki
2052:War of the Priests
2025:Battle of Grunwald
1728:Restored Lithuania
1651:Interwar Lithuania
1635:Revolution of 1905
1552:Great Northern War
1469:Ostryanyn uprising
1388:Battle of Klushino
1354:Battle of Kircholm
1306:Nalyvaiko Uprising
1165:Battle of Grunwald
1154:Lithuanian Crusade
1094:Lithuanian Crusade
899:Andrej Kotljarchuk
816:Battle of Kircholm
778:
691:Sigismund III Vasa
585:
510:Sigismund III Vasa
339:Daugavgriva (1609)
314:Daugavgrīva (1608)
163:Anders Lennartsson
44:Battle of Kircholm
2827:
2826:
2762:Racibórz Conflict
2754:People's Republic
2748:
2747:
2723:Operation Tempest
2601:Polish–Soviet War
2542:November Uprising
2518:Austro-Polish War
2506:Prussian campaign
2472:
2471:
2367:Great Turkish War
2308:Battle of Humenné
2303:Thirty Years' War
2291:Battle of Kłuszyn
2268:Kosiński uprising
2258:Battle of Byczyna
2125:
2124:
2037:Gollub War (1422)
2032:Hunger War (1414)
1980:
1979:
1970:Battle of Legnica
1921:1072 war against
1897:Battle of Cedynia
1756:
1755:
1709:Soviet occupation
1623:November Uprising
1584:
1583:
1408:Battle of Humenné
1402:Thirty Years' War
1300:Kosiński uprising
1256:Glinski rebellion
941:978-91-7263-790-0
803:(Wenden) to near
553:Polish confidence
461:
460:
347:
346:
196:
195:
166:Count of Mansfeld
114:
113:
2922:
2910:Time of Troubles
2718:Italian Campaign
2687:Ghetto uprisings
2674:, and
2643:
2606:Battle of Warsaw
2547:January Uprising
2486:Denisko uprising
2419:Pavlyuk uprising
2397:Zhmaylo uprising
2377:Battle of Vienna
2236:Danzig rebellion
2136:
2013:Battle of Płowce
1991:
1986:Jagiellon Poland
1948:Mongol invasions
1885:
1870:
1858:
1849:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1760:
1629:January Uprising
1595:
1463:Pavlyuk uprising
1432:Zhmaylo uprising
1209:Crusade of Varna
1191:Battle of Ašmena
1077:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1014:
1013:
994:
983:
977:
976:
952:
946:
945:
927:
895:William Brustein
756:Time of Troubles
476:over control of
386:
384:
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234:
222:
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199:
160:Carl Gyllenhielm
142:
141:
130:
129:
51:
50:
41:
21:
2930:
2929:
2925:
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2921:
2920:
2919:
2895:1600s in Sweden
2830:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2771:
2744:
2738:Warsaw Uprising
2709:
2681:
2632:
2573:Second Republic
2567:
2491:Napoleonic Wars
2468:
2385:
2314:
2227:
2121:
2107:Battle of Orsha
2090:Battle of Varna
2061:
1976:
1943:
1928:Siege of Głogów
1874:
1873:
1862:
1838:
1792:
1787:
1757:
1752:
1722:
1703:
1684:
1679:Klaipėda Revolt
1645:
1611:Napoleonic Wars
1599:
1598:
1580:
1540:
1311:
1232:
1215:Battle of Varna
1136:
1099:
1065:
1060:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1007:
992:
985:
984:
980:
954:
953:
949:
942:
929:
928:
924:
919:
907:
883:
807:(Kircholm) and
738:Swedish cavalry
649:(Valmiera) and
571:
555:
550:
498:
462:
457:
387:
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348:
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84:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2928:
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2905:1611 in Sweden
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2900:1610 in Sweden
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2611:Kiev offensive
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2496:Peninsular War
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1021:External links
1019:
1016:
1015:
1005:
999:. p. 71.
978:
967:(2): 305–324.
947:
940:
921:
920:
918:
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903:
891:Kriss A. Drass
882:
879:
871:Ottoman Empire
570:
567:
554:
551:
549:
546:
538:King of Poland
534:pacta conventa
522:personal union
497:
494:
482:Swedish throne
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443:Great Northern
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98:
97:
95:§ Outcome
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2733:Lwów uprising
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2706:
2703:
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2676:contributions
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2655:Eastern Front
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2666:Polish
2650:World War II
2407:Smolensk War
2181:
2148:Livonian War
2131:Commonwealth
1880:Piast Poland
1861:
1730:(since 1990)
1690:World War II
1545:18th century
1519:(1672–1676)
1500:(1655–1660)
1498:Northern War
1480:(1648–1657)
1446:(1632–1634)
1444:Smolensk War
1418:(1620–1621)
1404:(1618–1648)
1384:(1605–1618)
1350:(1600–1611)
1347:
1316:17th century
1276:(1558–1583)
1274:Livonian War
1237:16th century
1211:(1443–1444)
1161:(1409–1411)
1141:15th century
1104:14th century
1081:13th century
1010:
988:
981:
964:
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931:
925:
884:
875:Magnate Wars
852:
844:
813:
798:
794:
779:
742:
731:
695:Södermanland
679:
630:Jan Zamoyski
617:
600:
586:
556:
530:
518:Duke Charles
499:
465:
463:
410:
334:Pärnu (1609)
304:Weissenstein
294:Pärnu (1603)
232:of 1600–1611
229:
179:Jan Zamoyski
119:Belligerents
106:
29:Part of the
18:
2552:World War I
1749:(2003–2011)
1711:(1944–1990)
1673:(1919–1920)
1667:(1918–1919)
1653:(1918–1940)
1642:(1914–1918)
1640:World War I
1631:(1863–1864)
1625:(1830–1831)
1613:(1803–1815)
1570:War of 1792
1566:(1768–1774)
1560:(1733–1735)
1554:(1700–1721)
1532:(1683–1699)
1513:(1666–1671)
1494:(1654–1667)
1459:(1633–1634)
1376:(1626–1629)
1370:(1621–1625)
1364:(1617–1618)
1308:(1594–1596)
1302:(1591–1593)
1296:(1587–1588)
1290:(1563–1570)
1282:(1577–1582)
1270:(1534–1537)
1264:(1512–1522)
1252:(1507–1508)
1246:(1500–1503)
1229:(1492–1494)
1205:(1431–1435)
1150:(1401–1409)
1113:(1340–1392)
1096:(1283–1422)
932:Lützen 1632
887:Edgar Kiser
760:mercenaries
689:) and King
625:and Polish
264:Kokenhausen
101:Territorial
2834:Categories
2672:resistance
2216:The Deluge
1504:The Deluge
1178:Gollub War
1172:Hunger War
1006:9189315634
995:. Sweden:
917:References
713:(nowadays
699:Charles IX
687:parliament
627:chancellor
563:Baltic Sea
496:Background
2020:Great War
1073:(to 1795)
973:0047-2697
805:Salaspils
790:Dünamünde
723:Lithuania
634:Lithuania
431:1655–1660
426:1626–1629
421:1621–1625
416:1617–1618
411:1600–1611
406:Sigismund
401:1563–1568
57:1600–1611
2795:Iraq War
1747:Iraq War
905:See also
834:and the
663:Haapsalu
601:Inflanty
559:szlachta
484:between
472:and the
309:Kircholm
62:Location
2670:,
2668:history
2559:on the
1923:Bohemia
881:Outcome
873:in the
820:Daugava
809:Ikšķile
745:Riksdag
727:Sejmiks
701:, from
671:Rakvere
639:Koknese
609:Livland
597:Livonia
542:Estonia
289:Rakvere
249:Limbaži
103:changes
75:Livonia
70:Estonia
1700:(1941)
1681:(1923)
1619:(1812)
1577:(1794)
1486:(1651)
1471:(1638)
1465:(1637)
1440:(1630)
1434:(1625)
1410:(1619)
1398:(1606)
1390:(1610)
1356:(1605)
1258:(1508)
1180:(1422)
1174:(1414)
1003:
971:
938:
893:, and
840:Persia
832:Turkey
828:sultan
734:hussar
719:buława
651:Fellin
647:Wolmar
620:hetman
605:German
582:Rubens
470:Sweden
437:Deluge
274:Fellin
269:Wolmar
254:Wenden
244:Karksi
132:Sweden
90:Result
80:Latvia
993:(PDF)
863:Gauja
859:Salis
855:Pärnu
801:Cēsis
764:siege
715:Paide
707:Narva
667:Tartu
659:Pärnu
655:Reval
580:, by
324:Salis
319:Pärnu
299:Narva
279:Reval
259:Ērgļi
1001:ISBN
969:ISSN
936:ISBN
836:shah
824:pope
814:The
749:tsar
703:Riga
683:Sejm
613:Sejm
488:and
464:The
396:1562
329:Riga
93:See
54:Date
838:of
830:of
721:of
548:War
528:).
2836::
1009:.
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685:(
603:(
439:)
435:(
373:e
366:t
359:v
221:e
214:t
207:v
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