Music of Poland - Knowledge

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albums, which was lost after a change of the group's lead vocalist in the early 2000s. The band released their last album in 2005. Neolithic signed to French Adipocere Records developed a doom and progressive metal influenced sound. They released two albums and disbanded in 2006 with brief recognition in their home country. Moonlight active until 2007 released several albums in 2000s, combining a gothic metal style with trip hop and rock. Reformed several of times of the years, Hermh began as a gothic metal act before switching to symphonic black metal with vampire themed lyrics, and remains a studio project. Cemetery of Scream with five albums released is still active. Hefeystos, with a progressive rock influenced sound, released two albums, and eventually disbanded in 2000. While Tower disbanded in the late 1990s, also with two albums released. Only

1547: 2087:, Acid Drinkers members revoked their passports, but after problems with visas, it occurred to them that they needed to eventually stop their protests. They remain active only in Poland and have received cult status with fifteen albums released, several of which have appeared on Polish Albums Charts. Other bands like Quo Vadis and Alastor remain active in underground scenes to incorporate in later years to their music groove, death or progressive metal. Egzekuthor disbanded in 1992 after one album, reformed in 2002 to be disbanded in 2008 before second studio effort was released. While Hunter have waited till 1995 to release first album reached acclaim in Poland with 2000s albums. Although over the years moving away from strict thrash metal style Hunter received nomination to 887: 1788:(founded in 1983) with Satan themed lyrics, appearing on stage in leather and spikes. While still active, Vader later developed a death metal sound with occult themed lyrics, Imperator's style of music is disputed; reformed twice in the 1990s, the band eventually dissolved in 2000, with only one studio album released. Minor Polish black metal bands of the 1980s include Fantom (founded 1985), Scarecrow with an origin in speed metal (formed 1987), thrash metal influenced Bundeswehra (1988), Apocalyptic Slaughter (1988), Dethroner later renamed Enormity (1987). All were short lived local acts, who only released demo recordings. 2073:). Due to problems receiving passports, Turbo remains a local act; they have disbanded and reformed several times, have released eleven albums, and are still active. The band Kat had taken a similar approach; after several singles released in Poland, they signed to Belgian Ambush Records to release their debut album. Due to being unable to tour outside Poland, Kat remains local, with several Polish language albums released. Kat reformed several times over the years; they remain active solely as a studio project. After a name dispute in the early 2000s the act named 1062: 1754: 2100: 2091:, an annual award in Polish music, within several records on Polish Albums Chart have been noted, with songs to receive regular airplay. In later years several thrash metal band have emerged while none have reached the acclaim of those from the 1980s. Some of them include Geisha Goner (founded in 1990), Tuff Enuff (founded in 1992), Flapjack, Myopia (both founded in 1993), Horrorscope (founded in 1996), Virgin Snatch, and Alkatraz (both founded in 2001). 803: 1917:(both founded in 1988), Bloodlust, and Betrayer (both founded in 1989). Many of the groups disbanded in the early 1990s after only one album, although several gained an underground following in Europe due to tape trading. Vader became the only one to remain active since its formation, and reached international fan base, with albums charting in Poland, Germany, and Japan, on labels such as 1196: 1953:, and Yattering (both founded in 1996). The highly technical music of Violent Dirge became the interest of influential label Nuclear Blast who later released the groups sampler. Although Violent Dirge dissolved in 1995 after the release of several demos, and two underground albums with success remaining only in Poland. Hazael was also subject of interest from eastern record label 547: 1847:. Based in Gdańsk, the band eventually developed death metal influenced sound, and gained international recognition. Other bands of the 1990s such as Baphomets Throne, North, Mussorgski, Besatt, Infernum remained active, but were signed to underground labels and never received international acclaim. In later years only Darzamat, after several album releases, were signed to 52: 2201:, although after one album released the group was disbanded with no official statement. Via Mistica remains a local act with three albums released in the early 2000s. In later years several gothic metal bands have emerged, most of them remaining minor part of Polish heavy metal scene, that include such acts like Mystherium (founded in 2001), Ciryam (founded in 2003), 2018: 1878:. Although Graveland were extremely popular among NSBM fans and generally seen as a National Socialist band, Rob Darken rejects this label, and told Decibel magazine: "I do not think Graveland is an NSBM band. Graveland is regarded as a NSBM band because of my political convictions, most people would call extreme right-wing, National Socialist convictions." 2144:(both founded in 1992), Hermh, Cemetery of Scream (both founded in 1993), Hefeystos, and Tower (both founded in 1994) among others. Most Polish gothic metal bands since the 1990s reached recognition only in Poland, or for short time in Europe. Compared with the black or death movement, gothic metal is a minor music scene. 1887: 2068:

Turbo, with their popularity based on the protest song "Dorosłe dzieci", switched to a thrash metal sound after two albums released only in Poland. Several attempts to cross over the Polish border have been made by Turbo with English language albums, which have been released by the German label Noise

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label Hall of Sermon which released an English version of one of their albums. The band reached its popularity in the early 2000s with a contract from Metal Mind Productions. The band released seven Polish and four English language albums and remain active. Loriens popularity came with a debut album

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During early and mid-1990s, Behemoth, Graveland, Infernum, Profanum, Kataxu and other bands developed a distinguishable Polish black metal style, which featured a decent atmospheric keyboard usage and nature sound samples (e.g. wind, raven cries), while still preserving the raw production values.

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Polish music exhibits influences from a broad variety of styles which are represented by critically acclaimed bands, such as Perfect (Zbigniew Hołdys), Status Qwo, Maanam (Kora), T.Love, Golec uOrkiestra, Budka Suflera, Czerwone Gitary, Dżem, Big Cyc, as well as many other renowned artists, e.g.

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Although considered as a rock band, Closterkeller developed a gothic metal sound in the late 1990s. With nine both native and English language albums released up to 2011 they became the most influential Polish gothic band. Battalion d'Amour with their poetic lyrics reached popularity with 1990s

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three years earlier when he was in Italy. Another first, this is the earliest surviving opera written by a woman. When Władysław was king (as Władysław IV) he oversaw the production of at least ten operas during the late 1630s and 1640s, making Warsaw a center of the art. The composers of these

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to release their debut album, in 2006 the band went in hiatus, and lost their minor popularity in Europe. They once again reformed in 2009 and signed to an underground Polish label, they occasional tour in their home country. In the early 2000s with the release of third album Sceptic signed to

689:) and others. Mazurek (Mazur), Krakowiak, Kujawiak, Oberek and Polonaise (Polonez) are registered as Polish National Dances, originating in early Middle Ages. The oldest of them is Polonaise that comes from the Medieval pageant dances and it was originally called "chodzony", a "walking dance". 1972:. After losing popularity Prophecy went on hiatus in 1999, and reformed in 2004, but eventually split-up in 2010, while Devilyn, and Yattering disbanded in 2006. Hate after several underground albums reached international recognition in the 2000s after signing to Listenable Records, and later 1508:

are popular. The ozwodna has a five-bar melodic structure which is quite unusual. The krzesany is an extremely swift dance, while the zbójnicki is well-known and is perceived as being most "typical" of Podhale and Northern Slovakia. Folk songs typically focus on heroes like

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In late 1990s Decapitated was signed to Wicked World a subsidiary of Earache Records. The band released several albums, later reaching international acclaim after reforming in 2009, and a new recording deal with Nuclear Blast. After reforming in 1997 Lost Soul signed with

2065:. Wolf Spider, after four albums, disbanded in 1991; they later reformed in 2011. Dragon, in later years, developed a death metal influenced style, and they remained active until 2000 with five albums released. Hamer, after reforming several times, remain active. 1929:

among others. While Trauma also remained active since its formation they never reached the same recognition. Since the late 2000s several of the "classic" bands such as Magnus, Armagedon, and Merciless Death have been reformed, and have since remained active.

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Although Desdemona's debut album was released in Japan, the band became a local act with albums released by Metal Mind Productions, eventually dropping their gothic metal style in favour of industrial with four album released, and a recording deal from

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composers were given artistic freedom because the Polish regime wasn't as harsh as other Eastern European dictatorships and music wasn't considered ideologically relevant unlike literature, theater or cinema. Composers from the "Polish School" included

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from Katowice, which was originally classified as thrash, and heavy metal. Kat was a major influence on Polish heavy metal music, developing their harsh sound with straightforward satanic lyrics, and later were heavily inspired by the poetry of

2167:; founded in 1997), and Via Mistica (founded in 1998), among others. Artrosis quickly reached popularity in Poland with albums released by local label Morbid Noizz Productions. In the late 1990s Artrosis became the subject of interest from 2176:

in their home country. After several line-up changes and one more album released, Lorien disbanded in 2005. Eight years later the group was reformed and is still active. While Aion gained some European acclaim with two albums released by

1402:, folk traditions were commonly cultivated, but public performances and broadcasts had also highly organized and officially promoted forms. State-supported, large-scale folk ensembles became prominent. The most famous of these were 1913:, which started as a classic heavy metal group (founded in 1983), and others with origin in thrash metal, like Imperator (founded in 1984), Armagedon (founded in 1986), Magnus (founded in 1987), Ghost and Thanatos later renamed 4010: 2398: 2193:. Delight which began as a power metal band reached recognition in Poland with support from extensive touring, and several both Polish and English language albums released in the early 2000s. In 2005 after a performance at 2115:

scene in the 1990s, although it was intertwined with the gothic rock movement since the beginning, focused around the Castle Party Festival founded in 1994. The scene was loosely inspired by Polish bands such as

2041:(founded in 1980), who had origins in rock and heavy metal, as well as some strict thrash metal bands such as Kreon, Dragon (both founded in 1984), Destroyers, Hammer (both founded in 1985), Quo Vadis, Alastor, 2185:. In later years the band remained local act with a recording deal from Metal Mind Productions. Eventually changing style to modern heavy metal on their fifth album, Aion disbanded after its release in 2004. 1410:, both of which still perform. Though such bands presented interpretations of regional folk repertoire, the overall sound was a homogenized mixture of Polish styles. There were more authentic groups, such as 1526:), Tadeusz Jedynak Band (Przystalowice Male), Stachy Band (Hazców nad Wislokiem), Franciszek Gola Band (Kadzidło), Edward Markocki Band (Zmyslówka-Podlesie), Kazimierz Kantor Band (Głowaczowa), Swarni Band ( 1373:

was the state recording company, from 1956. Following the fall of communism it was bought by Warner Music Poland. It dealt with the wide range of music tastes, folk, popular, classical and children's music.

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Outside of Podhale, few regions have active folk scenes, though there are music festivals, such as the Kazimierz Festival, which are well-known and popular. Regional folk bands include Gienek Wilczek Band

1425:, were popularized by Frédéric Chopin, and they soon spread across Europe and elsewhere. These are triple time dances, while five-beat forms are more common in the northeast and duple-time dances like the 2136:

among others. The earliest of the Polish gothic bands developed their sound from various styles like rock, black, death and doom metal, that include Battalion d'Amour (founded in 1989), Neolithic,

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come from the south. The 'polonaise' comes from the French word for 'Polish' used to identify its origin among the Polish aristocracy who had adapted the dance from a slower walking dance called

2049:(all founded in 1986), and Egzekuthor (founded in 1987), among others. The 1980s is also when the thrash metal scene in Poland had the most success, with bands finding a starting place in the 1957:. But after signing a contract, and recording the album for the label they were dropped. This eventually lead to the break up of the band in 1996. However, they went on to reform in 2014. 1453:, who discovered Goral folk music there, made the area chic among Europe's intellectuals. Though a part of Poland, Podhale's musical life is more closely related to that found in the 3079: 1870:(NSBM) bands developed such as Veles (founded in 1992), Gontyna Kry (founded in 1993), Kataxu (1994), Ohtar (1996), and Sunwheel (1998). All of which attracted the interest of the 693:

Czesław Niemen, Magdalena Ostrowska, Jacek Kaczmarski, Wojciech Młynarski, Czesław Mozil, Jakob Węgiel, Marek Grechuta, and contemporary singer-songwriters and pop icons including

1989:. After only touring in Poland the label eventually dropped Sceptic from their catalogue. Other minor Polish death bands active mostly in the European underground scene include 4937: 4803: 988: 646:

ensembles that create a rich and lively music scene at the grassroots level. The musicians of Poland, over the course of history, have developed and popularized a variety of

1831:. They received a brief period of recognition in the European underground, but later became a minor act. After their seventh album in 2009 Christ Agony eventually signed to 2061:, with the bands sharing recordings on split albums. Destroyers continued performing until early 1990; their later albums were released by the national labels Tonpress and 1777:. The group has reformed several times over the years, and remains active, with their guitarist co-founder on studio projects. After a naming dispute in the early 2000s 959:. Also, in the last years of the 16th century and the first part of the 17th century, a number of Italian musicians were guests at the royal courts of Sigismund III and 886: 1546: 997:

operas are not known: they may have been Poles working under Marco Scacchi in the royal chapel, or they may have been among the Italians imported by Władysław.

4169: 3458: 577: 2314: 1976:, Dies Irae, reformed in 2000 consisting of members of Vader signed to Metal Blade Records, and released three albums, until the death of their drummer. 2518: 115: 3312: 4732: 1168: 4930: 4796: 2005:

reached international acclaim from their mixture of black metal with death metal, with one album certified Gold in Poland and three charting on the

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Broughton, Simon (2000), "Hanging on in the Highlands". In: Broughton, Simon, and Ellingham, Mark; with McConnachie, James, and Duane, Orla (ed.),

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festival (based in Katowice). Bands like Destroyers, Hamer, Dragon, and Wolf Spider became the subjects of interest of national record labels

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Other bands, classified as black metal in the 1980s, include Imperator (founded in 1984) with an antichristian approach in their music, and

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In jazz music, Polish musicians created a specific style, which was most famous in 1960s and 1970s. Some prominent Polish jazz artists are:

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in Poland has evolved since the 1980s, although the first bands strictly in this genre appeared in the early 1990s, with the growth of the

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Between the wars, a group of new and emerging composers formed the Association of Young Polish Musicians; which included future luminaries

952: 3087: 4923: 4789: 4430: 4350: 4159: 1827:(founded in 1997). After its first album, Christ Agony signed to the French Adipocere Records, then to Cacophonous Records, and then to 1407: 2993: 4266: 4195: 2606: 2205:(founded in 2006), and NeraNature (founded in 2009) among others. Only UnSun reached international acclaim with a recording deal from 110: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4105: 3454: 4435: 4377: 3932: 3918: 2478: 2351: 1765: 105: 1414:, but the sanitized image of folk music made the whole field unattractive to some audiences, and many traditions dwindled rapidly. 3139: 2897: 5065: 4490: 4465: 4365: 2706: 472: 120: 879:, a native-born Italian who lived in Kraków from about the age of five, became one of the most famous lutenists at the court of 4995: 3941:. Edited by Tadeusz Ochlewski. Warsaw, Interpress Publishers,1979, (194 p., index of names), + fully illustrated pages (c. 80). 2209:, and albums charting in Japan, although after two albums the group went on hiatus due to problems with the vocalist's health. 1863:(founded in 2003), Morowe (2006) and Blaze of Perdition (2007); though all of these are only known in the underground circuit. 570: 457: 352: 3412: 3386: 3226: 3769: 3696: 1867: 2257: 1563:

Poland has always been a very open country to new music genres and even before the fall of the communism, music styles like

4384: 4154: 3589: 2434: 467: 462: 357: 3881: 982:(composer uncertain), the first Italian opera produced outside Italy. Shortly after this performance, the court produced 762: 3988: 3053: 1093: 5202: 5015: 4667: 4355: 4296: 4271: 4215: 4040: 3739: 1595: 452: 149: 3855: 1875: 1399: 1230: 1156: 1757:

Roman Kostrzewski, former frontman of Kat, one of the most influentional Polish heavy metal bands performing in 2010

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The origin of Polish music can be traced as far back as the 13th century, from which manuscripts have been found in

5268: 5040: 4702: 4634: 4517: 4164: 4149: 4074: 3953: 2074: 1778: 1275: 1172: 940: 563: 269: 70: 3829: 3320: 1061: 883:, and not only imported some of the musical styles from southern Europe, but blended them with native folk music. 4737: 4614: 4495: 4445: 4323: 4230: 4205: 2410: 2406: 2381: 968: 531: 499: 3713: 3257: 2318: 5314: 5283: 5235: 5127: 5122: 4867: 4276: 4240: 4220: 3945: 2218: 2001:(founded in 1999) and Masachist (founded in 2006) among others. Although founded in 1991 as a black metal band 1558: 1433:. The polonaise then re-entered the lower-class musical life, and became an integral part of the Polish music. 1036: 393: 388: 1893:

is the longest running Polish death metal band; pictured performing at Metal Hammer Festival in Poland in 2011

1874:, and were considered to perform "music of hate". In the early 1990s NSBM was also investigated by the Polish 895: 872: 2526: 4455: 4425: 4333: 4210: 4092: 3200: 2664: 1626: 1338: 1148: 1046: 1032: 948: 860: 856: 320: 134: 85: 3637: 1855:, went on hiatus, but released three albums in the 2000s. Later, Poland developed bands such as MasseMord, 5240: 5087: 4715: 4710: 4654: 4547: 4485: 4301: 4281: 4033: 3803: 2901: 1871: 1678: 1164: 960: 526: 325: 315: 2793: 2758: 1510: 5245: 5207: 4687: 4639: 4470: 4415: 4306: 4020: 3442: 3374: 3185: 3169: 3028: 2652: 2636: 2594: 2578: 2206: 2190: 2062: 2058: 1954: 1403: 1370: 1242: 1184: 864: 627: 169: 90: 75: 5293: 2293: 2069:

Records, the Italian label Metal Master Records, and the British label Under One Flag (a subsidiary of

1649:. Some of the most popular and commercially successful Polish vocalists of 20th and 21st centuries are 1322: 1287: 1271: 1109: 1065: 611: 603: 1583:

were well-known. Since 1989, the Polish scene has exploded with new talents and a more diverse style.

1241:, fled the country and remained in exile. In the early 1960s, a number of Polish composers formed the 5187: 4725: 4589: 4450: 4345: 4286: 3545: 3517: 3489: 3342: 3117: 2821: 2121: 1914: 1646: 1599: 1454: 1391: 1350: 1283: 833: 730: 619: 420: 339: 242: 5263: 2361: 1041: 5157: 5117: 5097: 5077: 4980: 4836: 4692: 4682: 4609: 4574: 4480: 4372: 4360: 4340: 4313: 4291: 4183: 3283: 2084: 2038: 1986: 1922: 1828: 1792: 1774: 1737: 1733: 1603: 1346: 1326: 1219: 1215: 1207: 1125: 1112:. Chopin remains very well known, and is regarded for composing a wide variety of works, including 1097: 1069: 782: 594:

covers diverse aspects of music and musical traditions which have originated, and are practiced in

276: 258: 213: 190: 174: 164: 2120:, Pornografia, Fading Colours (all founded in the 1980s), and in later years by British acts like 1753: 1441:

While folk music lost popularity in Poland, especially in urban areas, the tourist destination of

5273: 5092: 4672: 4619: 4579: 4254: 2998: 2198: 2194: 2133: 1969: 1961: 1950: 1690: 1611: 1318: 956: 915:, a tradition that continued into the 18th century. The most renowned composer of this period is 770: 754: 706: 447: 297: 253: 218: 154: 2875: 2099: 1702: 1642: 1160: 1020: 993: 734: 978:

In addition, a tradition of operatic production began in Warsaw in 1628, with a performance of

5278: 5225: 5172: 5167: 5142: 5000: 4904: 4756: 4629: 4584: 4539: 4529: 4475: 4460: 4403: 4389: 4235: 4200: 4065: 3965: 3928: 3914: 3765: 3692: 3522: 3494: 3113: 2965: 2956: 2768: 2716: 2474: 2469: 2372: 2347: 2223: 2163:, Lorien (both founded in 1995), Aion, Desdemona (both founded in 1996), Sator (later renamed 2153: 2070: 1832: 1714: 1682: 1650: 1610:. These events often attract more than 250,000 people and are comparable to the gatherings in 1568: 1550: 1531: 1465: 1450: 1422: 1342: 1307: 1295: 1211: 1176: 1152: 1140: 1101: 1089: 1077: 1028: 983: 944: 916: 823: 778: 774: 694: 659: 635: 631: 615: 607: 513: 383: 375: 248: 232: 95: 80: 62: 42: 3781: 3512: 3484: 3143: 2958:

Rasizm a kultura popularna. Metafizyka głupków – rzecz o narodowosocjalistycznym black metalu

1851:, but their short lived European recognition was broken by lineup changes. Vesania signed to 1586:

Every year, a huge gathering of young Poles meet to honour the rock and alternative music in

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At the end of the 18th century, Polish classical music evolved into national forms like the

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is another Polish band that attempted to tour outside home country. In the years after the

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Magdalena "Medeah" Dobosz, vocalist of one of the most popular Polish gothic metal bands,

2002: 1981: 1941:, Pandemonium (all founded in 1990), Cerebral Concussion later renamed Devilyn, Prophecy, 1933:

In the 1990s a second wave of death metal was developed with bands such as Violent Dirge,

1918: 1796: 1666: 1314: 1299: 1279: 786: 746: 599: 439: 415: 407: 223: 208: 198: 159: 33: 4781: 4500: 3438: 3370: 3181: 3165: 2849: 2648: 2632: 2590: 2574: 1686: 1105: 855:– led the rapid innovation of Polish music. Composers writing during this period include 3540: 1124:

and concertos, and using traditional Polish elements in his pieces. The same period saw

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Polish Folk Music: Slavonic Heritage – Polish Tradition – Contemporary Trends

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like violins and a cello to play distinctive scales with augumented fourth, mainly the

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Composing the Party Line: Music and Politics in Early Cold War Poland and East Germany

5308: 4770: 4662: 4318: 3032: 2366: 2238: 2173: 2149: 2141: 2117: 2080: 2046: 2042: 2022: 2006: 1998: 1926: 1909:, many were later classified as death metal. Some of the bands of the period include 1729: 1710: 1662: 1630: 1564: 1387: 1330: 1267: 1258: 1250: 972: 964: 880: 876: 815: 726: 710: 674: 639: 551: 347: 307: 227: 144: 1799:, Besatt, Xantotol (all founded in 1991), Oppressor later renamed Baphomets Throne, 4604: 3416: 3390: 3234: 2932: 2112: 2030: 1910: 1906: 1890: 1860: 1811:(all founded in 1992), Hermh, Arkona, Thunderbolt, Profanum (all founded in 1993), 1785: 1607: 1449:, has been a center for art since the late 19th century, when people like composer 1395: 1226: 1129: 1005: 750: 698: 647: 237: 100: 3911:

Making Music in the Polish Tatras: Tourists, Ethnographers, and Mountain Musicians

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wave, Poland developed their own thrash metal scene. Bands of this period include

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released by underground labels in Europe, USA, and Australia with promotion from

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Keep it Simple, Make it Fast! An approach to underground music scenes. Volume 1

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music festival was inaugurated, both closely connected. According to conductor

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characteristic in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The first national opera,

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and gained nostalgic recognition in Poland with support from European tours.

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Gnoiński, Leszek. "Raport o Acid Drinkers". 1996. In Rock, Poland, pp. 39,

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Gnoiński, Leszek. "Raport o Acid Drinkers". 1996. In Rock, Poland, pp. 7,

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movement, though at the time many of the bands were referred to as either

4888: 3615: 2160: 2156:. Disbanded in 1998, the group was reformed in 2013 and is still active. 2104: 2088: 1820: 1816: 1808: 1615: 1523: 1446: 1246: 1117: 667: 4862: 4852: 3833: 1856: 1824: 1768:. One of the first Polish black metal bands, founded in late 1979, was 1591: 1587: 1458: 1442: 1418: 1113: 1081: 908: 832:, may also date back to this period. The first known notable composer, 655: 203: 4015: 907:

During the 17th century, Polish composers from this period focused on

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During the 16th century, mostly two musical ensembles – both based in

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Grzegorz Michalski, Ewa Obniska, Henryk Swolkień and Jerzy Waldorff,

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reached short-lived recognition in Europe with a recording deal from

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Behemoth quickly become popular in the underground with support from

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one of the most popular Polish thrash metal bands; pictured in 2007

4915: 4025: 3927:. Cambridge Studies in Ethnomusicology, Reissue 2006 (Paperback). 3567: 2202: 2098: 2037:(founded in late 1979), who started as a speed/heavy metal group, 2016: 1885: 1791:

In the 1990s a wide range of black metal bands developed, such as

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Recognition in Europe led bands such as Devilyn to get signed to

1088:. Polonaises for piano were and remain popular, such as those by 3641: 1572: 4919: 4785: 4029: 3807: 1886: 1457:

mountains of Ukraine, Slovakia, Moravia in Czech Republic and

1480:. The distinctive singing style used in this scale is called 2553:"Wywiad z Piotrem "Barielem" Tomczykiem (zespół Imperator)" 3521:. Vol. 121, no. 34. 29 August 2009. p. 55. 1843:'s mainman Rob Darken, and later with influentional label 1445:

has retained its lively traditions. The regional capital,

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Composers of the latter part of the 18th century included

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World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East.

1530:), Kazimierz Meto Band (Glina), Ludwik Młynarczyk Band ( 911:

religious music, concertos for voices, instruments, and

3913:. Indiana University Press, 2005 (Hardcover with CD). 3389:(in Polish). Witching Hour Productions. Archived from 2432:

Antoni Wit: "Creo que cada vez lo hago un poco mejor"

1004:, whose style has been characterized as being in the 4007:

Polish Music from the Middle Ages to the Baroque Era

1147:

In the 19th century the most popular composers were

5254: 5216: 4953: 4897: 4881: 4845: 4819: 4701: 4653: 4538: 4516: 4402: 4253: 4182: 4142: 4073: 4064: 2898:"Bigots Who Rock: an ADL List of Hate Music Groups" 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 1819:(founded in 1995), Witchmaster (founded in 1996), 1781:continue with both their live, and studio legacy. 826:. Other early compositions, such as the melody of 1968:for their second release, and Prophecy signed to 1313:More modern classical and jazz composers include 1257:, following Stalin's death. In the same year the 4011:Contemporary Polish Composers of Classical Music 2029:In the early 1980s, in response to the American 1720:Two contemporary big Polish music festivals are 2496:. Universidade do Porto – Faculdade de Letras. 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2371:, Warsaw: Związek Kompozytorów Polskich (1995) 3592:(in Polish). quovadis.metal.pl. Archived from 2473:Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books, pp. 219–222. 2384:, Warszawskie Towarzystwo Muszycne (in Polish) 989:La liberazione di Ruggiero dall'isola d'Alcina 4931: 4797: 4041: 3858:(in Polish). virginsnatch.net. Archived from 1728:. Among other important festivals there are: 1488:) are accompanied by several second violins ( 875:, who composed "Melodies to Polish Psalter". 571: 8: 3832:(in Polish). horrorscope.net. Archived from 3708: 3706: 3704: 2382:"Timeline of Warsaw Music Society 1871–2008" 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3459:Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry 3415:. Witching Hour Productions. Archived from 3260:(in Polish). pandemoneon.pl. Archived from 3142:(in Polish). Empire Records. Archived from 3056:(in Polish). Empire Records. Archived from 2546: 2544: 2360:"50 lat Związku Kompozytorów Polskich" by 1553:, one of the most recognized Polish singers 919:, known for his instrumental works such as 598:. Artists from Poland include world-famous 4938: 4924: 4916: 4804: 4790: 4782: 4522: 4408: 4259: 4188: 4070: 4048: 4034: 4026: 3806:(in Polish). hunter.art.pl. Archived from 3716:(in Polish). hunter.art.pl. Archived from 2928:"GRAVELAND Wywiad dla Metal Hammer Polska" 2346:. Purdue University Press. pp. 123–. 578: 564: 28: 4021:Polish Festivals You Can't Attend Anymore 3999:BBC Radio 3 Audio: World Routes in Poland 2665:"Christ Agony Begins Recording New Album" 2392: 2390: 2159:The second wave of gothic bands includes 1202:, classical and film music composer, 2006 1179:gained prominence prior to World War II. 1084:— perhaps the first distinctively Polish 3989:Audio clips: Traditional music of Poland 3884:(in Polish). flapjack.pl. Archived from 3742:(in Polish). kat.info.pl. Archived from 3640:(in Polish). flapjack.pl. Archived from 3227:"Violent Dirge: wywiad z Adamem Gnychem" 2513: 2511: 3782:"Fryderyki 2010: nominowani i laureaci" 3195: 3193: 2249: 1897:In the 1980s Poland developed an early 642:artists, and traditional, regionalised 296: 289: 282: 275: 268: 40: 4813:Traditional Polish musical instruments 3080:"Magnus wraca i godzi się ze śmiercią" 2794:"Darzamat Signs With Massacre Records" 2490:Guerra, Paula; Moreira, Tânia (2015). 2258:"The Music Courts of the Polish Vasas" 1866:Within black metal in Poland, several 3343:"Former Vader Drummer DOC Dead at 35" 3023: 3021: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2397:Andrzej Chłopecki (20 October 2002). 2140:(both founded in 1991), Sacriversum, 1795:, Mussorgski (both founded in 1990), 1386:was collected in the 19th century by 1035:were Polish composers writing in the 822:compositions related to the Parisian 7: 2294:"Muzyka barokowa w Rzeczypospolitej" 2551:Wawrzak, Wojciech (31 March 2009). 1534:), Kujawska Atlantyda (Kujawy) and 1417:Polish dance music, especially the 992:, which she had written for Prince 3939:An Outline History of Polish Music 3784:. Związaek Producentów Audio-Video 3541:"Behemoth Billboard Chart History" 2822:"VESANIA Sign With NAPALM RECORDS" 1964:, Yattering a recording deal with 25: 4106:Partitions, duchies and kingdoms 2197:in Germany Delight was signed to 1159:. Important opera composers were 1132:, still renowned for operas like 892:"Melodies for the Polish Psalter" 4491:Upper Silesian Industrial Region 3284:"Hate Signs With Napalm Records" 2441:. Scherzo, August–September 2015 545: 50: 4016:Polish folk musical instruments 2964:(in Polish). Wydawnictwo Trio. 2874:. Pagan Records. Archived from 2609:. Pagan Records. Archived from 3993:Musée d'ethnographie de Genève 3950:Polish Music Since Szymanowski 2872:"Blaze of Perdition Biography" 1868:National Socialist Black Metal 1766:Norwegian black metal movement 1496:). Duple-time dances like the 1492:) and a three-stringed cello ( 1390:, as part of a wave of Polish 1245:, characterized by the use of 953:Stanisław Sylwester Szarzyński 1: 2267:. p. 244. Archived from 2077:continues with their legacy. 1253:. The style emerged from the 836:, lived in the 15th century. 763:contemporary classical music 4272:Central European Initiative 4083:Prehistory and protohistory 3233:(in Polish). Archived from 2399:"CONTEMPORARY POLISH MUSIC" 2315:"Koffler Józef (1896–1944)" 2075:Kat & Roman Kostrzewski 1876:Office for State Protection 1779:Kat & Roman Kostrzewski 1231:becoming a communist system 1053:premiered on 1 March 1794. 5331: 3954:Cambridge University Press 3570:(in Polish). wolfspider.pl 3110:"Armagedon wraca na scenę" 2936:(in Polish). graveland.org 2715:(in Polish). przekroj.pl. 2340:David G. Tompkins (2013). 1556: 1542:Contemporary popular music 1504:(the Brigand's Dance) and 1233:, some composers, such as 941:Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki 939:. Other composers include 4750: 4525: 4411: 4262: 4191: 3856:"Virgin Snatch Biography" 3673:(in Polish). turbo.art.pl 2955:Pankowski, Rafał (2006). 2502:10.13140/rg.2.1.2285.0721 2407:Adam Mickiewicz Institute 969:Giovanni Francesco Anerio 622:; renowned pianists like 4267:Administrative divisions 3962:10.1017/CBO9780511482038 3369:Rivadavia, Eduardo. 3180:Rivadavia, Eduardo. 3164:Rivadavia, Eduardo. 2647:Rivadavia, Eduardo. 2631:Rivadavia, Eduardo. 2219:List of Polish composers 1859:(both founded in 2000), 1559:List of Polish musicians 1400:Polish People's Republic 1255:political crisis in 1956 1243:Polish Composers' School 1157:Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński 798:Medieval and Renaissance 116:Polish People's Republic 4466:Regional GDP per capita 3830:"Horrorscope Biography" 3618:(in Polish). alastor.pl 3568:"Wolf Spider Biography" 2607:"Witchmaster Biography" 2437:15 January 2019 at the 2111:Poland developed their 1945:(all founded in 1992), 1149:Maria Agata Szymanowska 4996:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4733:Orders and decorations 3804:"Tuff Enuff Biography" 3258:"Hazael reaktywowany!" 2902:Anti-Defamation League 2707:"Metal eksport sukces" 2649:Christ Agony Biography 2555:(in Polish). mmlodz.pl 2108: 2026: 1894: 1872:Anti-Defamation League 1758: 1554: 1378:Traditional folk music 1308:Henryk Mikołaj Górecki 1203: 1108:, and, most famously, 1094:Michał Kleofas Ogiński 1073: 1037:classical period style 899: 811: 3590:"Quo Vadis Biography" 3387:"Lost Soul Biography" 3371:Decapitated Biography 3311:Szubrycht, Jarosław. 3201:"Lost Soul Biography" 3140:"Dies Irae Biography" 2994:"NSBM Special Report" 2850:"MasseMord Biography" 2705:Szubrycht, Jarosław. 2591:Lux Occulta Biography 2207:Century Media Records 2191:Danse Macabre Records 2102: 2063:Polskie Nagrania Muza 2020: 1955:Century Media Records 1889: 1756: 1549: 1371:Polskie Nagrania Muza 1198: 1183:was the first Polish 1064: 889: 865:Nicolaus Cracoviensis 843:and belonging to the 805: 789:, among many others. 628:Ignacy Jan Paderewski 4645:World Heritage Sites 3882:"Flapjack Biography" 3413:"Msachist Biography" 3313:"Powtórne narodziny" 3225:Jurkiewicz, Robert. 2759:"Trzy dekady metalu" 2413:on 10 September 2012 1627:Zbigniew Namysłowski 1464:Local ensembles use 1284:Krzysztof Penderecki 1276:Włodzimierz Kotoński 1185:twelve-tone composer 1173:Mieczysław Karłowicz 1047:Wojciech Bogusławski 1033:Franciszek Ścigalski 620:Krzysztof Penderecki 495:World Heritage Sites 233:North Central Romani 5217:States with limited 4385:Political prisoners 3923:Czekanowska, Anna. 3909:Cooley, Timothy J. 3862:on 20 February 2004 3616:"Alastor Biography" 3292:. 13 September 2011 2757:Sankowski, Robert. 2633:Graveland Biography 2085:revolutions of 1989 1997:(founded in 1998), 1993:(founded in 1997), 1987:Candlelight Records 1949:(founded in 1994), 1923:Metal Blade Records 1829:Hammerheart Records 1815:(founded in 1994), 1738:Wratislavia Cantans 1734:Rawa Blues Festival 1679:Agnieszka Chylińska 1484:. The lead violin ( 1476:, in Poland called 1220:Tadeusz Szeligowski 1165:Stanisław Moniuszko 1126:Stanisław Moniuszko 1042:Krakowiacy i Górale 4005:Early Polish Music 3714:"Hunter Biography" 3644:on 17 October 2007 3231:Masterful Magazine 3054:"Trauma Biography" 3006:on 8 February 2008 2575:Behemoth Biography 2529:on 20 January 2012 2199:Roadrunner Records 2195:Wave Gotik Treffen 2134:Theatre of Tragedy 2109: 2107:; pictured in 2009 2027: 2021:Tomasz Pukacki of 1970:Koch International 1962:Listenable Records 1895: 1807:, North, Taranis, 1759: 1691:Edyta Bartosiewicz 1596:Woodstock Festival 1555: 1466:string instruments 1319:Jan A.P. Kaczmarek 1288:Witold Lutosławski 1272:Bogusław Schaeffer 1204: 1169:Władysław Żeleński 1074: 957:Marcin Mielczewski 900: 890:Cover page of the 812: 771:Jan A.P. Kaczmarek 707:Edyta Bartosiewicz 612:Witold Lutosławski 5302: 5301: 4913: 4912: 4779: 4778: 4746: 4745: 4668:Ethnic minorities 4512: 4511: 4398: 4397: 4351:Political parties 4297:Foreign relations 4249: 4248: 4178: 4177: 4134:Poland since 1989 3971:978-0-521-58284-1 3888:on 14 August 2014 3671:"Turbo Biography" 3638:"Hamer Biography" 3596:on 14 August 2014 3439:Azarath Biography 3166:Sceptic Biography 3114:Mystic Production 3029:"Vader Biography" 2971:978-83-7436-090-6 2589:Odle, Kevin. 2573:Prato, Greg. 2224:Culture of Poland 2154:Music for Nations 2071:Music for Nations 1833:Mystic Production 1683:Sylwia Grzeszczak 1600:Kostrzyn nad Odrą 1478:skala podhalańska 1451:Karol Szymanowski 1351:Marcel Chyrzyński 1339:Paweł Łukaszewski 1296:Kazimierz Serocki 1212:Zygmunt Mycielski 1187:(dodecaphonist). 1177:Karol Szymanowski 1153:Franciszek Lessel 1141:The Haunted Manor 1102:Henryk Wieniawski 1090:Jacek Szczurowski 984:Francesca Caccini 963:. These included 949:Bartłomiej Pękiel 945:Franciszek Lilius 861:Mikołaj Zieleński 857:Wacław z Szamotuł 834:Mikołaj z Radomia 824:Notre Dame School 779:Abel Korzeniowski 775:Zbigniew Preisner 713:; jazz musicians 681:; as well as the 636:Krystian Zimerman 632:Arthur Rubinstein 608:Karol Szymanowski 588: 587: 552:Poland portal 150:Ethnic minorities 43:Culture of Poland 16:(Redirected from 5322: 5255:Dependencies and 4954:Sovereign states 4947:Music of Europe 4940: 4933: 4926: 4917: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4783: 4759: 4523: 4504: 4431:Economic history 4421:Balcerowicz Plan 4409: 4260: 4196:Cities and towns 4189: 4129:Communist Poland 4109: 4101: 4071: 4050: 4043: 4036: 4027: 3987: 3975: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3778: 3772: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3710: 3699: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3667: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3461:. 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Archived from 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2273: 2262: 2254: 2229:History of music 2179:Massacre Records 2132:, and Norwegian 1849:Massacre Records 1845:Avantgarde Music 1775:Tadeusz Miciński 1695:Anna Maria Jopek 1623:Krzysztof Komeda 1604:Open'er Festival 1392:national revival 1355:Marta Ptaszynska 1347:Maciej Zieliński 1335:Eugeniusz Knapik 1327:Krzesimir Dębski 1239:Andrzej Panufnik 1229:and the country 1208:Grażyna Bacewicz 1098:Juliusz Zarębski 1017:Feliks Janiewicz 1002:Maciej Radziwill 869:Marcin Leopolita 808:Marcin Leopolita 783:Krzesimir Dębski 719:Krzysztof Komeda 580: 573: 566: 550: 549: 548: 54: 45: 29: 21: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5315:Music of Poland 5305: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5256: 5250: 5236:Northern Cyprus 5218: 5212: 5128:North Macedonia 4949: 4944: 4914: 4909: 4893: 4877: 4841: 4815: 4810: 4780: 4775: 4762: 4755: 4742: 4697: 4649: 4615:Public holidays 4534: 4508: 4502: 4496:Venture capital 4394: 4324:Law enforcement 4245: 4231:Protected areas 4174: 4138: 4107: 4099: 4060: 4054: 3985: 3982: 3972: 3944: 3906: 3904:Further reading 3901: 3891: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3828: 3827: 3823: 3813: 3811: 3810:on 14 July 2014 3802: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3763: 3759: 3749: 3747: 3746:on 29 July 2014 3740:"KAT Biography" 3738: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3712: 3711: 3702: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3669: 3668: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3539: 3538: 3531: 3529: 3513:"Billboard 200" 3511: 3510: 3503: 3501: 3485:"Billboard 200" 3483: 3482: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3465:on 21 July 2011 3453: 3452: 3448: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3324: 3323:on 27 July 2014 3310: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3264:on 20 July 2014 3255: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3237:on 27 July 2014 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3205:Relapse Records 3199: 3198: 3191: 3179: 3175: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3147: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3123: 3121: 3120:on 28 July 2014 3108: 3107: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3090:on 26 July 2014 3078: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3027: 3026: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2961: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2908:on 4 March 2012 2896: 2895: 2891: 2881: 2879: 2878:on 28 July 2014 2870: 2869: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2852:. 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Cambridge: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3933:0-521-02797-7 3930: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3919:0-253-34489-1 3916: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3887: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3836:on 3 May 2015 3835: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3732: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3672: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3582: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3514: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3464: 3460: 3457:(in Polish). 3456: 3455:"Gold Albums" 3450: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3322: 3318: 3315:(in Polish). 3314: 3307: 3304: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3263: 3259: 3256:Fokow, Adam. 3252: 3249: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3218: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3167: 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