33:
48:
98:, England, in July 1983 often considered the first prominent example. A 2013 study which reviewed instances of abnormally high asthma-related admissions to emergency departments between 1983 and 2013 identified strong correlation between those instances and thunderstorms, while noting that such events were so rare that very little detailed research into the phenomenon had occurred.
105:, Australia. Recognised as the most severe epidemic thunderstorm asthma event on record, the onset overwhelmed the city's ambulance system and some local hospitals, saw a ten-fold increase in asthma cases presenting to emergency departments compared with average, and resulted in ten deaths. One month later, an epidemic thunderstorm asthma event in
155:
Patients with a history of grass allergies should be tested for asthma and treated for the grass allergies and asthma if also present. Patients with known asthma should be treated and counseled on the importance of adherence to preventative medication protocols. Preventative treatment found useful
85:
grains can absorb moisture and then burst into much smaller fragments with these fragments being easily dispersed by wind. While larger pollen grains are usually filtered by hairs in the nose, the smaller pollen fragments are able to pass through and enter the lungs, triggering the asthma attack.
147:, and 96% of those people had tested positive to grass pollen allergies, particularly rye grass. A rye grass pollen grain can hold up to 700 tiny starch granules, measuring 0.6 to 2.5 Ξm, small enough to reach the lower airways in the lung.
78:. Due to the acute nature of the onset and wide exposure of local populations to the same triggering conditions, severe epidemic thunderstorm asthma events can put significant and unmanageable stress on public health facilities.
919:
Forouzan A, Masoumi K, Haddadzadeh
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D'Amato G, Annesi
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Grundstein A, Sarnat SE, Klein M, Shepherd M, Naeher L, Mote T, Tolbert P. Thunderstorm associated asthma in
Atlanta, Georgia.
807:
714:
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52:
1215:
665:
140:
Many of those affected during a thunderstorm asthma outbreak may have never experienced an asthma attack before.
37:
949:
1047:
1220:
971:
1136:
Lombardi, Carlo; Savi, Eleonora; Ridolo, Erminia; Passalacqua, Giovanni; Canonica, Giorgio Walter (2017).
615:
Dabrera, G.; Murray, V.; Emberlin, J.; Ayres, J. G.; Collier, C.; Clewlow, Y.; Sachon, P. (1 March 2013).
157:
32:
846:
812:
561:
617:"Thunderstorm asthma: an overview of the evidence base and implications for public health advice"
597:
101:
A significant impetus in the study of the phenomenon occurred after an event in
November 2016 in
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D'Amato, G., Liccardi, G. and
Frenguelli, G. (2007), Thunderstorm-asthma and pollen allergy.
81:
Widely recognised but not fully understood, it has been proposed that during a thunderstorm,
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The phenomenon of thunderstorm asthma has been recognised since the 1980s, with an event in
741:"'Thunderstorm asthma': Four people now believed dead, could have been more, minister says"
616:
1200:
664:
Thien, F.; Beggs, P. J.; Csutoros, S.; Darvall, J.; Hew, M.; Davies, J. M. (1 June 2018).
143:
It has been found 95% of those that were affected by thunderstorm asthma had a history of
1172:
1137:
1113:
1078:
1138:"Is allergic sensitization relevant in severe asthma? Which allergens may be culprit?"
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Since then there have been further reports of epidemic thunderstorm asthma events in
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113:
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972:"What is thunderstorm asthma? - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"
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999:"Thunderstorm asthma is a real thing that's killed 2 people in Australia"
847:"KUNA: Five people die in 2 days due to asthma attacks - health official"
715:"'Thunderstorm asthma': Three people remain critical, at least four dead"
144:
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835:
Five expats die of asthma as rain lashes Kuwait. Gulf
Digital News, 2016
125:
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117:
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412:"Thunderstorm asthma: how seasonal weather can affect human health"
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ASCIA - Australasian
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385:"A change in the pollen season â but is it worse than normal?"
109:
resulted in at least 5 deaths and many admissions to the ICU.
74:
attack by environmental conditions directly caused by a local
950:"'Thunder asthma:' Deadly illness caused by freak weather"
780:"'Thunderstorm asthma' deaths in Melbourne rise to nine"
754:"Sixth person dies from thunderstorm asthma emergency"
743:
ABC News, 23 November 2016. Accessed 23 November 2016.
463:
Suphioglu C. Thunderstorm Asthma Due to Grass Pollen.
55:
image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants
1079:"Thunderstorm-triggered asthma: what we know so far"
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Alexander; James Griffiths (23 November 2016).
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160:(AIT) particularly sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).
568:. Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 8448.
8:
560:Packe, G. E.; Ayres, JonG. (27 July 1985).
1171:
1153:
1112:
1094:
1073:Harun, Nur-Shirin; Lachapelle, Philippe;
689:
632:
621:QJM: An International Journal of Medicine
562:"Asthma Outbreak During a Thunderstorm"
376:
1142:The World Allergy Organization Journal
218: â 30 November 1989
440:"thunderstorm asthma - PubMed - NCBI"
7:
1206:History of Birmingham, West Midlands
713:Wright, Patrick (24 November 2016).
242: â 25 July 1994
62:(also referred to in the media as
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997:Peter Dockrill (21 August 2015).
178: â 7 July 1983
881:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01271.x
410:Sample, Ian (25 November 2016).
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1083:Journal of Asthma and Allergy
682:10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30120-7
578:10.1016/S0140-6736(85)91510-7
53:scanning electron microscope
27:Biometeorological phenomenon
156:for severe asthma includes
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1028:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.003
507:. 2013 Mar;106(3):207-17.
322:21 November 2016
290:25 November 2010
210:29 November 1989
70:) is the triggering of an
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895:. 2008 Jul;63(7):659-60.
493:10.1007/s11882-004-0092-3
338:1 December 2016
306:2 November 2013
258:30 October 1997
194:8 November 1987
38:Tamworth, New South Wales
535:. 2016 Mar;46(3):390-6.
465:Int Arch Allergy Immunol
351:and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
921:J Environ Public Health
901:10.1136/thx.2007.092882
485:Curr Allergy Asthma Rep
365:Thames Valley, England
355:12 June 2023
268:Wagga Wagga, Australia
234:24 July 1994
158:Allergen immunotherapy
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1048:"Thunderstorm asthma"
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274:4 June 2004
170:6 July 1983
128:, United States; and
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1211:History of Melbourne
923:. 2014;2014:504017.
634:10.1093/qjmed/hcs234
513:10.1093/qjmed/hcs234
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332:Melbourne, Australia
300:Melbourne, Australia
228:Melbourne, Australia
204:Melbourne, Australia
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929:10.1155/2014/504017
188:Birmingham, England
60:Thunderstorm asthma
1216:Weather and health
978:. 21 November 2016
788:. 29 November 2016
760:. 27 November 2016
467:1998;116:253â260.
164:Significant events
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857:8 December
820:25 January
785:BBC Online
720:ABC Online
670:The Lancet
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372:References
359:2023-06-12
342:2016-12-01
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