39:
28:
98:
542:
270:
The composition changed after the death
Choynowski (1935) and Leśmian (1937) and after the withdrawal from PAL by Rzymowski accused of plagiarism (1937), and by Rostworowski (1937) protesting against the change of government. The new members were soon appointed, including writers
140:. According to its own statute, the main objective of the academy was to raise the quality level of Poland's publishing, while working in conjunction with the government efforts and NGO endeavors focused on the advancement of Polish culture and art in general. The century of
191:
The academy awarded two highest national honors for contribution to the development of Polish literature: the Gold and the Silver Laurel (Złoty, and
Srebrny Wawrzyn). Another prize, also widely regarded, was the Young Writer's Award, a
176:. It consisted of 15 members chosen for life, seven of whom were selected by the Minister of Religion and Public Education. The remaining eight were proposed by the members of the first group. Notably, socialist writer and
617:
1045:
1411:
315:, summarized the subject in the following way: "The Academy is like the monarchy; if it has existed for some time, one can get used to it, just as one can get accustomed to
136:
The academy was the highest opinion-forming authority in the country, in charge of all aspects of promoting and honoring the most outstanding contemporary achievements of
375:
2115:
173:
2120:
840:
1483:
164:. It was proposed for the first time by Żeromski in 1920 already, but accepted as an idea only nine years later (and five years after his death), in 1929.
528:
144:
of Poland, ending in 1918, was marked by the forcible suppression of Polish education, language and religion under
Prussian (and later German rule, see
2046:
438:
420:
152:
under Otto von
Bismarck on the one hand, and Nicholas II on the other. It resulted in staggering levels of illiteracy on Polish lands, as noted by
1361:
507:
Otrzymaliśmy w spadku po najeźdźcach 50% analfabetów. (The inheritance we received from the invaders was 50% illiteracy rate, that's everything.)
514:
2125:
1958:
2105:
1396:
1447:
2110:
1427:
1401:
762:
418:"The Crystallization of Ethnic Identity in the Process of Mass Ethnophobias in the Russian Empire. (The Second Half of the 19th Century)."
1744:
1664:
1473:
659:
340:
1580:
1509:
471:
38:
27:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1419:
304:
1749:
1691:
833:
800:
671:
401:
352:
1804:
1779:
1679:
389:
1104:
1698:
1468:
739:
1052:
826:
97:
303:, there was a discussion among some communist writers about whether to reinstate the academy. The leading proponent of
1981:
1669:
1610:
1585:
1529:
1354:
1311:
300:
264:
87:
2016:
1948:
1831:
1478:
1463:
1388:
1323:
1293:
1239:
256:
32:
196:
for new and emerging talent. The honorary members included also the academy's main promoters: President of Poland
2051:
1928:
1809:
1759:
1637:
1544:
1519:
1316:
1234:
993:
975:
248:
1590:
1554:
1534:
1176:
1072:
950:
316:
216:
75:
573:
1769:
1739:
1647:
1524:
1406:
1082:
870:
284:
42:
The inaugural session of the Polish
Academy of Literature, 1933. Sitting from left to right: Prime Minister
207:
Among the members of the academy were the luminaries of Poland's literary life including its own president
2029:
2024:
1968:
1861:
1799:
1615:
1595:
1347:
1116:
985:
417:
208:
156:
in 1923. PAL was called forth to reinforce the historic standards of quality, exalt the honor of Poland's
122:
55:
43:
1251:
244:
91:
83:
2001:
1953:
1784:
1729:
1620:
1209:
1171:
1156:
1151:
1146:
905:
149:
1040:
445:
276:
201:
102:
2039:
1903:
1764:
1659:
1600:
1298:
1224:
1194:
1181:
1131:
1126:
1094:
1089:
1077:
930:
885:
875:
655:
141:
2006:
1996:
1923:
1888:
1794:
1686:
1674:
1654:
1627:
1605:
1497:
1303:
1229:
1214:
1199:
1057:
1030:
1000:
955:
895:
890:
880:
865:
849:
1256:
1986:
1933:
1893:
1568:
1328:
1288:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1246:
1219:
1186:
1161:
1141:
1111:
1025:
1015:
1010:
1005:
980:
960:
945:
940:
935:
925:
915:
910:
702:
369:
288:
252:
71:
770:
467:
228:
197:
153:
51:
47:
31:
Tyszkiewicz Palace, formerly the residence of the Polish
Academy of Literature in Warsaw along
2070:
1943:
1898:
1853:
1843:
1789:
1774:
1717:
1703:
1549:
1514:
1379:
1263:
1204:
1121:
1062:
1035:
1020:
970:
920:
900:
860:
667:
413:
397:
348:
157:
137:
130:
1871:
1754:
1734:
1642:
1283:
1136:
1099:
1067:
965:
483:
Snobbism & Progress; book subtitled Play in 3 acts – a pun meaning 3 "partitioning acts"
336:
272:
260:
236:
232:
224:
220:
79:
63:
486:
439:"The Civic Identity of Russifying Officials in the Empire's Northwestern Region after 1863"
2079:
1991:
1938:
1913:
1908:
1166:
424:
280:
240:
114:
67:
17:
1814:
630:
2034:
1876:
1539:
161:
2099:
2084:
1976:
1632:
793:
212:
181:
59:
62:. Standing from left: Colonel Jan Głogowski, director Skowroński, Zenon Przesmycki,
1918:
148:), and outright Russification in the territories occupied by the Tsarist Empire,
1881:
185:
145:
600:
1866:
549:
535:
521:
735:
177:
129:. It was founded by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic (
713:
634:
121:) was one of the most important state institutions of literary life in the
312:
577:
818:
1370:
172:
The structure of the academy was modeled on the corresponding French
126:
101:
Diploma of the Polish
Academy of Literature Golden laurel awarded to
1339:
96:
37:
26:
1343:
822:
548:
Decree of the
Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland.
491:
516:
Proposal for the
Creation of the Academy of Polish Literature
184:
declined the offer, upset by voices of official criticism of
168:
Organization and the awards for contributions to literature
125:, operating between 1933 and 1939 with the headquarters in
666:. University of California Press. pp. 348, 430, 490.
299:
In 1947 following World War II, in the Soviet-controlled
287:. The academy ceased to exist following the Nazi-Soviet
792:
Małgorzata Ptasińska; OBEP IPN Kraków (October 2002).
2015:
1967:
1852:
1830:
1716:
1567:
1496:
1456:
1387:
1378:
319:. But to start it afresh – that leads to trouble."
794:"Co z tą Akademią? (What's with that Academy?)"
705:Polscy pisarze współcześni 1939-1991. Leksykon
633:. 2011 Instytut Książki (The Book Institute),
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
1355:
834:
8:
696:
694:
692:
690:
530:On the Need for Polish Academy of Literature
374:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
532:(O potrzebie akademii literatury polskiej).
396:; Central European University Press, 2004,
347:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 451.
339:, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki (1996).
174:Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
1836:
1722:
1573:
1502:
1384:
1362:
1348:
1340:
841:
827:
819:
343:Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945
707:(Polish contemporary writers 1939-1991)"
518:(Projekt Akademii Literatury Polskiej).
328:
2116:Arts organizations established in 1933
631:"Wawrzyn akademicki (Academic laurel)"
367:
7:
2121:Organizations disestablished in 1939
603:(in Polish). Magazine Wprost 42/1038
803:) Bulletin No 10/21. pp. 42–44
761:Wojciech Wielądek (November 2002).
601:"Mason ofiarny (Sacrificial Mason)"
394:Polish liberal thought before 1918
25:
1420:Partitions, duchies and kingdoms
801:Institute of National Remembrance
716:. pp. 33, 123, 151, 173, 283
457:Harvard seminars and conferences.
1805:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
736:"Wincenty Rzymowski (1883–1950)"
662:The history of Polish literature
390:Frederick's "Iroquois of Europe"
599:Przemysław Waingertner (2002).
160:and explore the intricacies of
119:Polska Akademia Literatury, PAL
799:. Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (
534:1924. Public address in full.
219:, and popular writers such as
1:
2126:1933 establishments in Poland
520:1918. Original text in full.
2106:Polish Academy of Literature
574:"Polska Akademia Literatury"
485:. p. 46. Archived from
111:Polish Academy of Literature
50:, Maria Mościcka, President
2111:Learned societies of Poland
1586:Central European Initiative
1397:Prehistory and protohistory
763:"Karol Hubert Rostworowski"
701:Lesław M.Bartelski (2000).
2142:
740:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
712:. Publisher: Tower Press,
18:Polska Akademia Literatury
2064:
1839:
1725:
1576:
1505:
856:
249:Karol Hubert Rostworowski
1581:Administrative divisions
580:, Grupa Onet.pl SA. 2011
546:(Academic laurel), 1934.
317:progressive bulbar palsy
301:Polish People's Republic
217:Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski
76:Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski
1780:Regional GDP per capita
33:Krakowskie Przedmieście
2047:Orders and decorations
451:on September 30, 2004.
123:Second Polish Republic
118:
106:
94:
54:, Maria Jędrzejewicz,
35:
100:
41:
30:
1959:World Heritage Sites
323:Notes and references
285:Kazimierz Wierzyński
257:Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński
215:, secretary general
150:reaching its epitome
74:, Jerzy Szaniawski,
66:, Piotr Choynowski,
1699:Political prisoners
850:European literature
541:Rada Ministrów RP,
209:Wacław Sieroszewski
56:Wacław Sieroszewski
44:Janusz Jędrzejewicz
618:Google translation
544:Wawrzyn akademicki
436:Mikhail Dolbilov,
423:2011-07-24 at the
289:invasion of Poland
277:Kornel Makuszyński
253:Wincenty Rzymowski
158:literary tradition
142:foreign Partitions
107:
103:Kornel Makuszyński
95:
72:Wincenty Rzymowski
36:
2093:
2092:
2060:
2059:
1982:Ethnic minorities
1826:
1825:
1712:
1711:
1665:Political parties
1611:Foreign relations
1563:
1562:
1492:
1491:
1448:Poland since 1989
1337:
1336:
773:on April 15, 2012
527:Stefan Żeromski,
513:Stefan Żeromski,
496:on April 26, 2012
414:Liudmila Gatagova
388:Maciej Janowski,
265:Tadeusz Zieliński
138:Polish literature
88:Tadeusz Zieliński
16:(Redirected from
2133:
2073:
1837:
1818:
1745:Economic history
1735:Balcerowicz Plan
1723:
1574:
1510:Cities and towns
1503:
1443:Communist Poland
1423:
1415:
1385:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1260:
1190:
1049:
989:
843:
836:
829:
820:
813:
812:
810:
808:
798:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
769:. Archived from
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
711:
698:
685:
684:
682:
680:
652:
646:
645:
643:
641:
627:
621:
612:
610:
608:
596:
590:
589:
587:
585:
570:
555:
510:
503:
501:
495:
480:
474:Snobizm i postęp
464:
458:
456:
452:
450:
444:. Archived from
443:
434:
428:
411:
405:
386:
380:
379:
373:
365:
363:
361:
337:Jerzy Jan Lerski
333:
305:Polish Stalinism
273:Ferdynand Goetel
261:Jerzy Szaniawski
245:Bolesław Leśmian
237:Karol Irzykowski
233:Zenon Przesmycki
225:Piotr Choynowski
211:, vicepresident
92:Bolesław Leśmian
84:Tadeusz Żeleński
80:Karol Irzykowski
21:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2076:
2069:
2056:
2011:
1963:
1929:Public holidays
1848:
1822:
1816:
1810:Venture capital
1708:
1638:Law enforcement
1559:
1545:Protected areas
1488:
1452:
1421:
1413:
1374:
1368:
1338:
1333:
1324:Western Lombard
1294:Turkish Cypriot
1254:
1240:Scottish Gaelic
1188:
1043:
987:
852:
847:
817:
816:
806:
804:
796:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
760:
759:
755:
745:
743:
734:
733:
729:
719:
717:
709:
700:
699:
688:
678:
676:
674:
654:
653:
649:
639:
637:
629:
628:
624:
606:
604:
598:
597:
593:
583:
581:
576:. Encyklopedia
572:
571:
558:
499:
497:
489:
478:
468:Stefan Żeromski
466:
465:
461:
454:
448:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:The CRN E-book.
425:Wayback Machine
412:
408:
387:
383:
366:
359:
357:
355:
335:
334:
330:
325:
297:
281:Jan Lorentowicz
241:Juliusz Kleiner
229:Zofia Nałkowska
202:Józef Piłsudski
198:Ignacy Mościcki
170:
154:Stefan Żeromski
68:Juliusz Kleiner
52:Ignacy Mościcki
48:Zofia Nałkowska
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1785:Stock exchange
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1704:Visegrád Group
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1687:Prime Minister
1684:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:Prison Service
1645:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1591:Climate change
1588:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:Poland A and B
1537:
1535:National parks
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
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1494:
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1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
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1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Interwar years
1430:
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1417:
1409:
1404:
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1373: articles
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1184:
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1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:Northern Irish
1097:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
994:Middle English
991:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
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903:
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888:
883:
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873:
868:
863:
857:
854:
853:
848:
846:
845:
838:
831:
823:
815:
814:
784:
753:
727:
686:
672:
656:Czesław Miłosz
647:
622:
591:
556:
554:
553:
539:
525:
459:
429:
406:
381:
353:
327:
326:
324:
321:
296:
293:
169:
166:
131:Rada Ministrów
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2138:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
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2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1883:
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1878:
1875:
1873:
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1868:
1865:
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1819:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Merchant Navy
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
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1678:
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1673:
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1668:
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1656:
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1646:
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1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1480:
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1800:Unemployment
1740:Central bank
1616:Human rights
1596:Constitution
1438:World War II
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2002:Health care
1954:Video games
1894:Folk dances
1730:Agriculture
1670:Politicians
1469:Demographic
1428:World War I
1422:(1795–1918)
1414:(1569–1795)
1402:Middle Ages
1255: [
1189:(Provençal)
1177:Montenegrin
1044: [
679:December 5,
640:December 5,
360:December 5,
194:door-opener
146:Kulturkampf
2100:Categories
1949:Traditions
1899:Literature
1817:(currency)
1660:Parliament
1601:Corruption
1312:in English
1210:Portuguese
1157:Macedonian
1152:Luxembourg
1147:Lithuanian
906:Belarusian
550:Wikisource
536:Wikisource
522:Wikisource
2007:Languages
1997:Education
1924:Name days
1795:Transport
1675:President
1628:Judiciary
1606:Elections
1530:Mountains
1498:Geography
1299:Ukrainian
1225:Sardinian
1195:Old Norse
1182:Norwegian
1127:Kashubian
1095:Icelandic
1090:Hungarian
931:Bulgarian
886:Aromanian
876:Aragonese
500:March 23,
494:882.6 KB)
370:cite book
291:in 1939.
178:Freemason
2080:Category
1987:Refugees
1934:Religion
1655:Military
1569:Politics
1479:Military
1474:Economic
1464:Cultural
1457:By topic
1407:Monarchs
1389:Timeline
1317:in Welsh
1304:Venetian
1252:Silesian
1230:Scottish
1215:Romanian
1200:Ossetian
1187:Occitan
1172:Moldovan
1117:Jèrriais
1078:medieval
1058:Georgian
1053:Galician
1031:Friulian
1001:Estonian
956:Croatian
896:Austrian
891:Asturian
881:Armenian
866:Albanian
658:(1983).
614:See also
470:(1923).
421:Archived
313:Jan Kott
295:Epilogue
2071:Outline
2052:Polonia
2017:Symbols
1944:Theatre
1877:Cuisine
1854:Culture
1844:Lawyers
1832:Society
1790:Tourism
1775:Poverty
1760:Exports
1718:Economy
1550:Regions
1520:Islands
1515:Forests
1380:History
1329:Yiddish
1289:Turkish
1279:Swedish
1274:Spanish
1269:Slovene
1247:Serbian
1220:Russian
1162:Maltese
1142:Latvian
1132:Kosovar
1112:Italian
1073:ancient
1026:Frisian
1016:Flemish
1011:Finnish
1006:Faroese
981:English
961:Cypriot
946:Cornish
941:Chuvash
936:Catalan
926:British
916:Bosnian
911:Belgian
578:Onet.pl
309:Kuźnica
105:in 1935
2085:Portal
2025:Anthem
1872:Cinema
1815:Złoty
1770:Mining
1755:Energy
1643:Police
1555:Rivers
1484:Postal
1371:Poland
1308:Welsh
1264:Slovak
1205:Polish
1122:Kazakh
1083:modern
1063:German
1041:Gagauz
1036:Gaelic
1021:French
971:Danish
921:Breton
901:Basque
861:Abkhaz
742:. 2011
714:Gdańsk
670:
635:Kraków
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283:, and
263:, and
127:Warsaw
115:Polish
90:, and
1992:Crime
1977:Poles
1939:Sport
1914:Names
1909:Music
1904:Media
1525:Lakes
1284:Swiss
1259:]
1235:Scots
1137:Latin
1100:Irish
1068:Greek
1048:]
976:Dutch
966:Czech
710:(PDF)
479:(PDF)
449:(PDF)
442:(PDF)
307:from
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2040:list
2035:Flag
1882:Wine
1692:List
1680:List
1621:LGBT
1167:Manx
809:2011
779:2011
748:2011
722:2011
681:2011
668:ISBN
642:2011
609:2011
586:2011
502:2013
398:ISBN
376:link
362:2011
349:ISBN
109:The
1867:Art
1750:EEZ
1633:Law
492:PDF
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