309:, ridges of cells that run along the leaf surface, are crenulate (i.e. with small rounded teeth) in profile and are 5 to 9 cells high. Their margins are distinctly grooved with 2 rows of paired, projecting knobs. The marginal cells, when observed in section, may be narrow, but are more typically enlarged and wider than those beneath. They are retuse (i.e. with a rounded apex with a central shallow notch) to deeply notched, and in rare cases are divided by a vertical partition. These cells are smooth and brownish in colour and have relatively thick
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433:. Additionally, the leaves will curve and then twist around the stem when conditions become too dry, this being another xeromorphic adaptation. It is speculated that the teeth along the leaf's edge may aid in this process, or perhaps also that they help discourage small invertebrates from attacking the leaves.
401:. When these two tissue types are taken into account along with the species' exceptional height, it becomes clear that common haircap moss is quite a unique moss considering that the majority of species show little differentiation of conducting tissue and are restricted to much smaller stem lengths.
337:
have a long sheath with a scarious (i.e. membranous) margin, while the blades themselves are greatly reduced, gradually narrowing to a finely acuminate tip. These blades have toothed margins, are denticulate to subentire in outline, roughened to almost smooth, and have a costa that is excurrent. The
221:
found in many regions with high humidity and rainfall. The species can be exceptionally tall for a moss with stems often exceeding 30 cm (12 in) and rarely reaching 70 cm (27.5 in), but it is most commonly found at shorter lengths of 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in). It is widely
420:
lamellae on the upper surfaces of the leaves. Most mosses simply have a single plate of cells on the leaf surface, but common haircap moss has more highly differentiated photosynthetic tissue. This is an example of a xeromorphic adaption, an adaptation for dry conditions. Moist air is trapped in
421:
between the rows of lamellae, while the larger terminal cells act to contain moisture and protect the photosynthetic cells. This minimises water loss as relatively little tissue is directly exposed to the environment, but allows for enough gas exchange for photosynthesis to take place. The
259:
is a medium to large moss. It is dark green in colour, but becomes brownish with age. The stems can occur in either loose or quite dense tufts, often forming extensive colonies. The stems are most typically found at lengths of 5 to 10 cm, but can be as short as 2 cm or as long as
342:, or capsule stalk, is 5 to 9 cm long, and is stout and yellowish to reddish brown in colour. The capsule is 3 to 6 mm long, slightly rectangular to cubic in shape, and brown to dark reddish brown in colour. It is sharply 4 winged, inclined to horizontal, and
317:
long by 10 to 13 μm wide. These cells may be elongated rectangles or strongly linear structures up to 20 times long as wide. They become narrower toward the margins. Marginal lamina cells are 10 to 15 μm wide and are subquadrate (i.e. nearly square).
271:
typically measure 6 to 8 mm in length, but may be up to 12 mm long. When dry they are erect, but when moist they are sinuous with recurved tips and are generally spreading to broadly recurved, or sharply recurved from the base. The
285:
can be seen to be level or erect, narrow, and typically 2 to 3 cells wide, though sometimes as many as 7 cells wide. It is toothed from the base of the blade up to the apex, with the teeth being unicellular and embedded in the margin. The
276:
is oblong to elliptic in outline, forming an involute (i.e. with inward rolling margins) tube and clasping the stem. This sheath is typically golden yellow and shiny, and it is abruptly contracted to the narrowly lanceolate blade. Using a
260:
70 cm. They range in stiffness from erect to decumbent (i.e. reclining) and are usually unbranched, though in rare cases they may be forked. The leaves occur densely to rather distantly, and
290:, or central stalk of the leaf, is toothed on the underside near the apex, and is excurrent, meaning it extends beyond the end of the apex, ending in a short, rough
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has been shown to thrive in partially open habitats that have been recently disturbed by human activities or even livestock.
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518:. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society.
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484:
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Bell, N., Kariyawasam, I., Flores, J., & Hyvönen, J. (2021). The diversity of the
Polytrichopsida—a review.
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381:, which makes up the central cylinder of stem tissue. It consists of cells with a relatively wide diameter called
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408:
Cross section of a leaf showing parallel photosynthetic lamellae at 400x magnification. The green cells contain
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is an endohydric moss, meaning water must be conducted from the base of the plant. While mosses are considered
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shows clear differentiation of water conducting tissue. One of these water conducting tissues is termed the
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397:, which surround the hadrom and contains smaller cells. This tissue is, on the other hand, analogous to
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Cross section of a leaf showing parallel lamellae (perpendicular to leaf surface) at 125x magnification
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distributed throughout temperate and boreal latitudes in the
Northern Hemisphere and also found in
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between the lamellae can host a number of microscopic organisms such as parasitic
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Another characteristic feature of the species (and the genus) is its parallel
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is golden yellow to brownish and completely envelops the capsule. The
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measures 250 μm, is pale in colour and has 64 teeth. The
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measure 5 to 8 μm, but may be up to 12 μm.
690:
575:Crum, Howard Alvin; Anderson, Lewis Edward (1981),
618:Biodiversity Reference: Polytrichum commune Hedw.
579:, Columbia University Press, pp. 1281–1282,
325:Close-up of capsules (after shedding of calyptra)
242:and along forest streams. Additionally, class
393:in higher plants. The other tissue is called
8:
673:NYTimes 2008 Moss Makes a Lush, No-Care Lawn
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58:
31:
20:
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668:Illustration from Flora of North America
621:, University of Paisley, archived from
564:, vol. 27, Oxford University Press
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385:, which conduct water. This tissue is
663:Range Map from Flora of North America
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507:
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7:
922:164d615e-9efd-4229-bee1-a48e379cc91b
516:English Names for British Bryophytes
313:. The sheath cells measure 60 to 90
226:, several Pacific Islands including
600:Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution
14:
645:
81:
658:Profile at USDA PLANTS Database
577:Mosses of Eastern North America
556:Smith Merrill, Gary L. (2007),
1:
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1023:NatureServe secure species
615:Silverside, A.J. (2005),
514:Edwards, Sean R. (2012).
173:
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78:Scientific classification
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56:
47:
39:
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329:The plants are sexually
264:are present proximally.
234:. It typically grows in
203:great golden maidenhair
562:Flora of North America
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602:, 43(1), 98-111.
558:"Polytrichum commune"
485:"Polytrichum commune"
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324:
300:
654:at Wikimedia Commons
489:NatureServe Explorer
333:. The leaves of the
722:Polytrichum commune
692:Polytrichum commune
652:Polytrichum commune
461:Polytrichum commune
452:Polytrichum commune
443:Polytrichum commune
375:Polytrichum commune
371:non-vascular plants
367:Polytrichum commune
257:Polytrichum commune
211:common haircap moss
194:Polytrichum commune
177:Polytrichum commune
50:Conservation status
42:Polytrichum commune
25:Polytrichum commune
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327:
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217:) is a species of
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943:Open Tree of Life
684:Taxon identifiers
650:Media related to
525:978-0-9561310-2-7
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423:microenvironment
346:when fresh. The
215:common hair moss
207:great goldilocks
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245:Polytrichopsida
197:(also known as
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159:P. commune
115:Polytrichopsida
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16:Species of moss
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168:Binomial name
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493:. Retrieved
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410:chloroplasts
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335:perichaetium
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145:
41:
24:
18:
881:NatureServe
842:iNaturalist
716:Wikispecies
465:perigoniale
274:leaf sheath
252:Description
228:New Zealand
146:Polytrichum
68:NatureServe
1017:Categories
956:Plant List
629:2008-02-16
495:2008-02-15
471:References
362:Physiology
311:cell walls
279:microscope
101:Division:
40:Plants of
821:200002665
534:0268-8034
387:analogous
348:peristome
240:heathland
232:Australia
153:Species:
105:Bryophyta
91:Kingdom:
987:35125360
982:Tropicos
886:2.946480
860:11433551
753:BioLib:
701:Wikidata
456:jensenii
431:rotifers
383:hydroids
352:calyptra
344:glaucous
331:dioicous
307:lamellae
131:Family:
834:2683084
707:Q178025
447:commune
437:Variety
141:Genus:
121:Order:
111:Class:
95:Plantae
66: (
64:Secure
974:POCO38
969:PLANTS
948:821356
919:NZOR:
808:197103
782:883425
746:121130
730:AoFP:
583:
532:
522:
399:phloem
395:leptom
379:hadrom
356:spores
283:lamina
269:leaves
262:bracts
238:, wet
224:Mexico
935:17546
873:15759
855:IRMNG
847:68293
803:EUNIS
795:PTYCO
769:77V79
756:91287
463:var.
454:var.
445:var.
427:fungi
391:xylem
288:costa
213:, or
184:Hedw.
912:3213
907:NCBI
868:ITIS
829:GBIF
790:EPPO
741:APNI
733:4609
581:ISBN
530:ISSN
520:ISBN
429:and
340:seta
305:The
267:The
236:bogs
219:moss
995:WFO
894:NBN
816:FNA
777:EoL
764:CoL
389:to
294:.
292:awn
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997::
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607:^
560:,
542:^
528:.
504:^
487:.
373:,
315:μm
209:,
205:,
201:,
536:.
498:.
412:.
70:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
