150:) is one of the dominant plastics within this market. It is commonly used for bottles because it makes a rigid container that is very lightweight. However, because of the stability of PET, it is also highly resistant to biodegradation, posing a significant environmental problem because of the amount of PET produced, sold, used and thrown away on a daily basis. An estimated 30% of the world production of PET goes into making these plastic bottles and only from 15% to 35% is recycled; the rest usually end up in a landfill. This has stimulated research into polymers that function comparably to PET, but are
27:
368:. Furthermore, suppliers in China and other nations now produce PBAT. These companies include Zhejiang Biodegradable Advanced Material Co. Ltd, Dongguan Xinhai Environmental Protection Material Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Ruijiang Chemical Co., Ltd., and Jiangsu Torise Biomaterials Co., Ltd. in China as well as Green Chemical Co., Ltd. and WILLEAP in South Korea.
288:
268:
214:
407:
PBAT is already widely marketed and used for all of the above applications, but is also being investigated as a component in antimicrobial films. In such films, PBAT serves as the bulk of the film with the antimicrobial agent being incorporated during processing. The antimicrobial films would be
157:
As with all developments in the realm of materials there are several requirements for the 'ideal' material. For biodegradable plastics, they would be: cheap, renewable, easy to produce and eco-friendly. In addition to these, the polymer should be resistant enough to be functional, such as handling
194:
The drawback of this polymer is that if it has high flexibility and toughness, then it will not be strong and rigid. This makes it non-ideal for any situation in which a strong, rigid container is desired. An example of this would be transparent barriers, such as those made of plexiglass
138:, having many similar properties including flexibility and resilience, allowing it to be used for many similar uses such as plastic bags and wraps. The structure is a random-block polymer consisting of butanediol–adipic acid and butanediol-terephthalic acid blocks.
185:
PBAT is classified as a random copolymer due to its random structure. This also means that it cannot crystallize to any significant degree due to the absence of any kind of structural order. This leads to several physical properties: wide melting point, low
319:
of adipic acid and B = polyester of DMT, each with 1,4-butanediol, then the chain structuring could look like any of these: AABABBABA or ABABAAAABB or ABABABBBBA; there is no selectivity for A and B reacting with themselves or each other.
134:. It is also called poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and sometimes polybutyrate-adipate-terephthalate (a misnomer) or even just "polybutyrate". It is generally marketed as a fully biodegradable alternative to
158:
the strain of being put under pressure, and flexible so that it is easy to mold. There are no homopolymers that perfectly provide every one of these features. Therefore, researchers have turned their attention to
177:. This allows for the production of blended copolymers that can replace industry-standard plastics with environmentally safe and biodegradable plastics that will harmlessly disappear in a short period of time.
162:: combinations of polymers that have chemical and mechanical properties that complement each other. This led to identifying poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as a potential copolymer for blending.
190:
and stiffness, but high flexibility and toughness. The flexibility and toughness of this polymer makes it ideal for blending with another biodegradable polymer that is strong and rigid for bottle production.
400:. Due to its high flexibility and biodegradable nature, PBAT is also marketed as an additive for more rigid biodegradable plastics to impart flexibility while maintaining full
202:
PBAT is fully biodegradable when composted due to the presence of butylene adipate groups. The high stability and mechanical properties come from the terephthalate portions.
906:
886:
569:
Shahlari, Mahin (November 2008). "Biodegradable
Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites based on Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) and Poly(Lactic Acid)".
928:"Biodegradable Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Films Incorporated with Nisin: Characterization and Effectiveness against Listeria innocua"
478:
264:
catalyst; an overabundance of 1,4-butanediol influences chain lengths. The result is a copolymer of the two previously prepared polymers.
594:
Jiang, Long; Wolcott, Zhang (26 October 2005). "Study of
Biodegradable Polylactide/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends".
760:
384:
showing 90% degradation after 80 days in testing. Particular applications that are highlighted by the manufacturers include
985:
927:
76:
926:
Luis
Bastarrachea; Sumeet Dhawan; Shyam S. Sablani; Jae-Hyun Mah; Dong-Hyun Kang; Jinwen Zhang; Juming Tang (2010).
459:
Jaime
Francisco Gómez-Gómez; et al. (2016). "Scrap denim-PP composites as a material for new product design".
424:
Jacqueline
Stagner (Nov 2015). "Methane generation from anaerobic digestion of biodegradable plastics – a review".
147:
315:
chain lengths or block structuring in the copolymerization reactions; repeat positions are not controlled. If A =
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196:
135:
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PBAT is a random copolymer known for being flexible and tough. This makes it ideal for combination with other
146:
Production of plastics for use in the industrial sector around the world makes up a very large market. PET (
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377:
690:"Preparation, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Biodegradable Polyesters/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends"
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for gardening and agricultural use, and as water resistant coatings for other materials, as in
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used in food packaging to inhibit bacterial growth, helping to preserve food products safely.
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115:. PBAT is produced by many different manufacturers and may be known by the brand names
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Libro de Actas - Systems & Design: Beyond
Processes and Thinking (IFDP - SD2016)
252:(plus water). DMT and 1,4-butanediol are also reacted to form their polyester (plus
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393:
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256:). This polyester is then added to the butylene adipic acid polyester by using
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229:. The chain lengths are kept low by using an excess of diol in the reaction.
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631:"Review on the Biological Degradation of Polymers in Various Environments"
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279:. This is the second polymer used with the step 1 product to create the
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Peng, Zhao; Liu, Wanqiang; Wu, Qingsheng; Ren, Jie (27 November 2009).
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579:
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720:"Certified Compostable, Biodegradable and Biobased Polymer - ecovio"
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
802:
518:"Certified Compostable and Biodegradable Co-Polyester - ecoflex"
329:
781:
307:
This is a random copolymer, because there is no control on the
248:
Adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol are polymerized to create their
761:"EASTAR BIO Copolyester Certified by Biodegradable Products"
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865:
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91:(short for polybutylene adipate terephthalate) is a
348:, by Zhuhai Wango Chemical Co Ltd under the name
629:Kliem, S.; Kreutzbruck, M.; Bonten, C. (2020).
56:
49:
512:
510:
426:International Journal of Environmental Studies
538:"What is the Life Cycle of a Plastic Bottle?"
336:and in a blend with poly(lactic acid) called
8:
573:. American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
571:Proceedings of the 2008 AIChE Annual Meeting
205:Does not degrade in marine and fresh water.
887:"Certified – The compostability of ecoflex"
18:
16:Biodegradable copolymer, chemical compound
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654:
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376:PBAT is marketed commercially as a fully
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233:PBAT is synthesized from the polymer of
212:
416:
740:"Novamont launches 4th Gen bioplastic"
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7:
199:), a transparent glass substitute.
20:Polybutylene adipate terephthalate
356:and in a blend with starch called
344:and in a blend with starch called
14:
328:PBAT is produced commercially by
947:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01591.x
907:"Paper coatings - ecovio PS1606"
299:and DMT to generate the random,
25:
73:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
824:"Torise Biomaterials Co., Ltd"
1:
438:10.1080/00207233.2015.1108607
291:TBOT is used to catalyze the
782:"Seen High Bioplast Limited"
245:(DMT) with 1,4-butanediol.
173:and strength, but are very
1002:
275:of DMT is generated using
148:polyethylene terephthalate
845:"Green Chemical Co., Ltd"
197:Poly(methyl methacrylate)
67:
33:
24:
352:, by JinHui Zhaolong as
169:polymers that have high
136:low-density polyethylene
935:Journal of Food Science
372:Current and future uses
470:10.4995/IFDP.2016.3360
304:
284:
243:dimethyl terephthalate
230:
378:biodegradable plastic
295:of the polyesters of
290:
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225:is synthesized using
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986:Terephthalate esters
404:of the final blend.
332:under the trademark
647:2020Mate...13.4586K
293:transesterification
262:transesterification
258:tetrabutoxytitanium
241:and the polymer of
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656:10.3390/ma13204586
324:Commercial sources
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231:
77:Infobox references
19:
608:10.1021/bm050581q
596:Biomacromolecules
480:978-84-9048-440-1
340:, by Novamont as
113:terephthalic acid
99:, specifically a
85:Chemical compound
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392:, compostable
390:food packaging
380:, with BASF's
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277:1,4-butanediol
235:1,4-butanediol
227:1,4-butanediol
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109:1,4-butanediol
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394:plastic bags
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34:Identifiers
960:14 February
766:14 February
745:14 February
580:10355/32635
297:adipic acid
239:adipic acid
223:adipic acid
209:Preparation
105:adipic acid
101:copolyester
51:130479-65-1
981:Polyesters
975:Categories
912:2017-02-09
892:2017-02-09
725:2017-02-09
523:2017-02-09
412:References
398:paper cups
386:cling wrap
366:Eastar Bio
309:dispersity
181:Properties
160:copolymers
128:Eastar Bio
58:60961-73-1
41:CAS Number
866:"WILLEAP"
803:"RUIchem"
700:(2010): 8
635:Materials
542:Wise Geek
499:ignored (
489:cite book
446:101024423
360:, and by
317:polyester
301:copolymer
281:copolymer
273:polyester
250:polyester
219:polyester
97:copolymer
955:20546402
871:14 March
850:14 March
829:14 March
808:14 March
787:14 March
675:33076314
616:16398516
354:Ecoworld
346:Mater-Bi
342:Origo-Bi
254:methanol
132:Origo-Bi
124:Ecoworld
666:7602512
643:Bibcode
382:ecoflex
358:Ecowill
334:ecoflex
313:polymer
311:of the
175:brittle
142:History
117:ecoflex
95:random
953:
673:
663:
614:
477:
444:
338:ecovio
130:, and
121:Wango,
931:(PDF)
442:S2CID
350:Wango
303:PBAT.
283:PBAT.
962:2014
951:PMID
873:2014
852:2014
831:2014
810:2014
789:2014
768:2014
747:2014
706:2014
698:2010
671:PMID
612:PMID
549:2014
501:help
475:ISBN
388:for
330:BASF
271:The
237:and
217:The
111:and
89:PBAT
943:doi
661:PMC
651:doi
604:doi
575:hdl
465:doi
434:doi
364:as
221:of
103:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
