Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins

2758: 3413: 3857:, Italy and its surrounding villages, defacing entire neighbourhoods. Authorities discovered that polychlorinated dibenzodioxins levels in buffalo milk used by 29 mozzarella makers exceeded permitted limits; after further investigation they impounded milk from 66 farms. Authorities suspected the source of the contamination was from waste illegally disposed of on land grazed by buffalo. Prosecutors in Naples placed 109 people under investigation on suspicion of fraud and food poisoning. Sales of Mozzarella cheese fell by 50% in Italy. 149: 3625:, plant were likely due to TCDD. A subsequent test by Dow in rabbit ear models when exposed to 4–8μg usually caused a severe response. The human studies carried out in Holmesburg failed to follow Dow's original protocol and lacked proper informed consent by the participants. As a result of poor study design and subsequent destruction of records, the tests were virtually worthless even though ten inmates were exposed to 7,500μg of TCDD. 3134:. TEFs are consensus values and, because of the strong species dependence for toxicity, are listed separately for mammals, fish, and birds. TEFs for mammalian species are generally applicable to human risk calculations. The TEFs have been developed from detailed assessment of literature data to facilitate both risk assessment and regulatory control. Many other compounds may also have dioxin-like properties, particularly non-ortho 3549: 36: 3166: 2850: 3785: 3101: 3606:. The quantity of dioxins near Spolana is significantly higher than the background levels in other countries. According to the US EPA, even a background level can pose a risk of cancer from 1:10000 to 1:1000, about 100 times higher than normal. The consumption of local fish, eggs, poultry, and some produce was prohibited because of post-flood contamination. 3032: 3776:. However, other notable laboratory tests, such as immune function tests, were relatively normal. The same study also covered a second subject who had received a dosage equivalent to 2,900 times the normal level, who apparently suffered no notable negative effects other than chloracne. These patients were provided with 3714:

Explosions resulting from the terrorist attacks on the US on 11 September 2001, released massive amounts of dust into the air. The air was measured for dioxins from 23 September 2001, to 21 November 2001, and reported to be "likely the highest ambient concentration that have ever been reported ." The

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or in the application of chemicals, notably herbicides. In many developed nations there are now emissions regulations which have dramatically decreased the emissions and thus alleviated some concerns, although the lack of continuous sampling of dioxin emissions causes concern about the understatement

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of paper. Forest fires and volcanic eruptions have also been cited as an airborne source, although their contribution to the current levels of PCDD accumulation are minor in comparison. Incidents of dioxin poisoning resulting from industrial emissions and accidents were first recorded as early as the

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German dioxin incident: In January 2011 about 4700 German farms were banned from making deliveries after self-checking of an animal feed producer had showed levels of dioxin above maximum levels. This incident appeared to involve PCDDs and not PCBs. Dioxins were found in animal feed and eggs in many

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jury who found DuPont's plant had no connection to Mr. Strong's disease. In another case, parents claimed dioxin from pollution caused the death of their 8-year-old daughter; the trial took place in the summer of 2007, and a jury wholly rejected the family's claims, as no scientific connection could

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The LD50 of dioxin also varies wildly between species with the most notable disparity being between the ostensibly similar species of hamster and guinea pig. The oral LD50 for guinea pigs is as low as 0.5 to 2 μg/kg body weight, whereas the oral LD50 for hamsters can be as high as 1 to 5 mg/kg

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The total dioxin toxic equivalence (TEQ) value expresses the toxicity as if the mixture were pure TCDD. The TEQ approach and current TEFs have been adopted internationally as the most appropriate way to estimate the potential health risks of mixture of dioxins. Recent data suggest that this type of

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When first carried out in 1987, the original US EPA inventory of dioxin sources revealed that incineration represented more than 80% of known dioxin sources. As a result, US EPA implemented new emissions requirements. These regulations succeeded in reducing dioxin stack emissions from incinerators.

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The toxicity of PCDDs depends on the number and positions of the chlorine atoms. Congeners that have chlorine in the 2, 3, 7, and 8 positions have been found to be significantly toxic. In fact, 7 congeners have chlorine atoms in the relevant positions which were considered toxic by the World Health

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increases the child's body burden. Dioxin exposure can also occur from contact with Pentachlorophenol (Penta) treated lumber as Pentachlorophenol often contains dioxins as a contaminant. Children's daily intakes during breast feeding are often many times above the intakes of adults based on body

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report dated October 2002 and released in December 2002 titled "Exposure and Human Health Evaluation of Airborne Pollution from the World Trade Center Disaster" authored by the EPA Office of Research and Development in Washington states that dioxin levels recorded at a monitoring station on

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The analyses used to determine these compounds' relative toxicity share common elements that differ from methods used for more traditional analytical determinations. The preferred methods for dioxins and related analyses use high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS).

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are nowadays used in identification of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. The advantage in respect to HRGC/HRMS is that it is able to scan many samples at lower costs. Also it is able to detect all compounds that interact with the Ah-receptor which is responsible for carcinogenic effects.

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was exposed to the second-largest measured dose of dioxins, according to the reports of the physicians responsible for diagnosing him. This is the first known case of a single high dose of TCDD dioxin poisoning, and was diagnosed only after a toxicologist recognized the symptoms of

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plants started operating in Germany. The first intentional synthesis of chlorinated dibenzodioxin was in 1872. Today, concentrations of dioxins are found in all humans, with higher levels commonly found in persons living in more industrialized countries. The most toxic dioxin,

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In a 2001 case study, physicians reported clinical changes in a 30-year-old woman who had been exposed to a massive dosage (144,000 pg/g blood fat) of dioxin equal to 16,000 times the normal body level; the highest dose of dioxin ever recorded in a human. She suffered from

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weight. This is why the WHO consultation group assessed the tolerable intake so as to prevent a woman from accumulating harmful body burdens before her first pregnancy. Breast fed children usually still have higher dioxin body burdens than non breast fed children. The

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Dioxins are absorbed primarily through dietary intake of fat, as this is where they accumulate in animals and humans. In humans, the highly chlorinated dioxins are stored in fatty tissues and are neither readily metabolized nor excreted. The estimated elimination

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Because dioxins can persist in the environment for more than 100 years, the majority of PCDD pollution today is not the result of recent emissions, but the cumulative result of synthetic processes undertaken since the beginning of the 20th century, including

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of the exhaust gases through that 400 °C window. Incinerator emissions of dioxins have been reduced by over 90% as a result of new emissions control requirements. Incineration in developed countries is now a very minor contributor to dioxin emissions.

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simple scaling factor may not be the most appropriate treatment for complex mixtures of dioxins; both transfer from the source and absorption and elimination vary among different congeners, and the TEF value is not able to accurately reflect this.

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During the Vietnam war, between 1962 and 1971, the United States military sprayed 20,000,000 U.S. gallons (76,000,000 L) of chemical herbicides and defoliants in Vietnam, eastern Laos and parts of Cambodia, as part of Operation Ranch Hand.

3067:. Dioxin in cigarette smoke was noted as "understudied" by the US EPA in its "Re-Evaluating Dioxin" (1995). In that same document, the US EPA acknowledged that dioxin in cigarettes is "anthropogenic" (man-made, "not likely in nature"). 3196:(IARC). TCDD has a half-life of approximately 8 years in humans, although at high concentrations, the elimination rate is enhanced by metabolism. The health effects of dioxins are mediated by their action on a cellular receptor, the 3043:

and a number of governments. Dioxins enter the general population almost exclusively from ingestion of food, specifically through the consumption of fish, meat, and dairy products since dioxins are fat-soluble and readily climb the

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Bruggeman V, Swennen Q, De Ketelaere B, Onagbesan O, Tona K, Decuypere E (September 2003). "Embryonic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in chickens: effects of dose and embryonic stage on hatchability and growth".

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By 1971, 12% of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals, which were often applied at rates that were 13 times as high as the legal USDA limit. In South Vietnam alone, an estimated 10 million

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National Toxicology, Program (2006). "NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (CAS No. 1746-01-6) in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (Gavage Studies)".

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Grinwis GC, Vethaak AD, Wester PW, Vos JG (March 2000). "Toxicology of environmental chemicals in the flounder (Platichthys flesus) with emphasis on the immune system: field, semi-field (mesocosm) and laboratory studies".

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While it has been difficult to establish specific health effects in humans due to the lack of controlled dose experiments, studies in animals have shown that dioxin causes a wide variety of toxic effects. In particular,

3211:. High occupational or accidental levels of exposures to dioxins have been shown by epidemiological studies to lead to an increased risk of tumors at all sites. Other effects in humans (at high dose levels) may include: 6838: 4539: 7611: 3910:

farms. The maximum values were exceeded twofold in feed and maximally fourfold in some individual eggs. Thus the incident was minor as compared with the Belgian crisis in 1999, and delivery bans were rapidly cleared.

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Latch DE, Packer JL, Stender BL, VanOverbeke J, Arnold WA, McNeill K (March 2005). "Aqueous photochemistry of triclosan: formation of 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and oligomerization products".

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estimates that up to 1 million people are disabled or have health problems due to Agent Orange contamination. The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable and unrealistically high.

7328: 3961:– A group of compounds historically used in the manufacture of electrical transformers certain members of which can also contribute to dioxin-like toxicity. These dioxin like compounds are also included in the 3087:

in an animal is thought to be a consequence of its structure. Dioxins with no lateral (2, 3, 7, and 8) chlorines, which thus contain hydrogen atoms on adjacent pairs of carbons, can more readily be oxidized by

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seriously poisoned about 60 workers with dioxins; after 3 years of investigation of the health problems of workers, Spolana stopped manufacture of 2,4,5-T (most of which was supplied to the US military in

3945:(PCDFs) – A group of compounds, produced by the same conditions as dioxins and commonly co-present with dioxins in contamination incidents. They have the same toxic mode of action and are included in the 3266:). This means that even small concentrations in contaminated water can be concentrated up a food chain to dangerous levels because of the long biological half life and low water solubility of dioxins. 7371: 5138:

Geusau A, Schmaldienst S, Derfler K, Päpke O, Abraham K (June 2002). "Severe 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) intoxication: kinetics and trials to enhance elimination in two patients".

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According to Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 4.8 million Vietnamese people were exposed to Agent Orange, resulting in 400,000 people being killed or maimed, and 500,000 children born with

6030:"Inhibition of follicular development, vitellogenesis, and serum 17beta-estradiol concentrations in zebrafish following chronic, sublethal dietary exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin" 4968: 5628:

R. Pohjanvirta, J. Tuomisto, Short-term toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop- dioxin in laboratory animals: effects, mechanisms, and animal models, Pharmacological Reviews 1994: 46: 483–549.

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inventory of sources of dioxin-like compounds is possibly the most comprehensive review of the sources and releases of dioxins, but other countries now have substantial research as well.

3850:) that are the largest producers of dioxin in the country, according to the US EPA's Toxic Release Inventory. DuPont maintains its operations are safe and environmentally responsible. 6846: 4547: 5426:

Pavuk M, Schecter AJ, Akhtar FZ, Michalek JE (May 2003). "Serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) levels and thyroid function in Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War".

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Tuomisto, J. The toxic equivalency principle and its application in dioxin risk assessment. In: R. Pohjanvirta (editor): The AH Receptor in Biology and Toxicology. Wiley, 2011.

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Nomenclature and physico-chemical properties of PCDDs and PCDFs. In: Dioxins in the Environment: What are the health risks? INSERM Collective Expert Evaluation Reports (2000)

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above the stack as the exhaust gases cool through a temperature window of 600 to 200 °C. The most common method of reducing the quantity of dioxins reforming or forming

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or textiles, and in the manufacture of chlorinated phenols, particularly when reaction temperature is not well controlled. Compounds involved include the wood preservative

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between 12 and 29 October 2001, averaged 5.6 parts per trillion, or nearly six times the highest dioxin level ever recorded in the U.S. Dioxin levels in the rubble of the

3594:. In 2004, the state health authority published a study which analysed the level of toxic substances in human blood near Spolana. According to the study, dioxin levels in 3486:

of agricultural land were ultimately destroyed. In some areas, TCDD concentrations in soil and water were hundreds of times greater than the levels considered safe by the

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due to high levels of dioxins in the soil caused by applications of contaminated oil meant to control dust on the town's dirt roads. The town eventually disincorporated.

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BEN STOCKING (22 May 2010) Vietnam, US still in conflict over Agent Orange Associated Press Writer seattletimes.com/html/health/2011928849_apasvietnamusagentorange.html

3590:, contaminating soil. Analysis of eggs and ducks found dioxin levels 15 times higher than the EU limit and a high concentration of dioxin-like PCBs in the village of 5752:

Kransler KM, McGarrigle BP, Olson JR (January 2007). "Comparative developmental toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the hamster, rat and guinea pig".

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Spitsbergen JM, Schat KA, Kleeman JM, Peterson RE (June 1986). "Interactions of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) with immune responses of rainbow trout".

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Recent studies have shown that high exposure to dioxins changes the ratio of male to female births among a population such that more females are born than males.

7357: 4454: 4429: 3716: 3651: 2843: 3955:– this former copper smelter is cited in an academic study as one of the 10 highest ranking sources of dioxin pollution reaching Nunavut in the Canadian Arctic 4085:"Time Trends in Levels, Patterns, and Profiles for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in a Sediment Core from the Baltic Proper" 190:

In PCDDs, chlorine atoms are attached to this structure at any of 8 different places on the molecule, at positions 1–4 and 6–9. There are 75 different PCDD

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El-Sabeawy F, Enan E, Lasley B (August 2001). "Biochemical and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in immature male and female chickens".

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were disclosed to have been between 80 and 200 times the legal limit. All Irish pork products were withdrawn from sale both nationally and internationally.

3711:. 7,000,000 chickens and 60,000 pigs had to be slaughtered. This scandal was followed by a landslide change in government in the elections one month later. 3193: 2911:, so they are widely produced in many contexts. According to the most recent US EPA data, the major sources of dioxins are broadly in the following types: 7015: 5985:

Zodrow JM, Stegeman JJ, Tanguay RL (January 2004). "Histological analysis of acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in zebrafish".

3883:, and the contribution from actual polychlorinated dibenzodioxins was relatively low. It is thought that the incident resulted from the contamination of 3060:

still recommends breast feeding for its other benefits. In many countries dioxins in breast milk have decreased by even 90% during the two last decades.

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systems have been reported. The most sensitive effects, observed in multiple species, appear to be developmental, including effects on the developing

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Peterson RE, Theobald HM, Kimmel GL (1993). "Developmental and reproductive toxicity of dioxins and related compounds: cross-species comparisons".

3015:(2,4,5-T). Higher levels of chlorination require higher reaction temperatures and greater dioxin production. Dioxins may also be formed during the 7045: 6484:

Christoph EH, Umlauf GC, Bidoglio G (September 2004). "PCDD/Fs and Dioxin-like PCBs in Soils after the Flooding of River Elbe and Mulde in 2002".

4581: 2889:, continuous sampling showed that periodic sampling understated emissions by a factor of 30 to 50 times. Few facilities have continuous sampling. 6539: 6242: 6790: 6735:

Belgian PCB and Dioxin Incident of January–June 1999: Exposure Data and Potential Impact on Health, Environ Health Perspect 109:265–273 (2001)

6567: 6445: 6416: 6389: 6304: 5383:

Pelclová D, Urban P, Preiss J, et al. (2006). "Adverse health effects in humans exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)".

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used in a drying burner at a single feed processor, with PCBs. The resulting combustion produced a highly toxic mixture of PCBs, dioxins and

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Contamination of chicken eggs near the Spolchemie Ústí nad Labem chemical plant in the Czech Republic by dioxins, PCBs and hexachlorobenzene

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as a result of natural combustion and geological processes. Dioxins were first unintentionally produced as by-products from 1848 onwards as

7338: 7307: 3487: 3126:). Other dioxin congeners including PCDFs and PCBs with dioxin-like toxicity, are given a toxicity rating from 0 to 1, where TCDD = 1 (see 5035:"Apparent half-lives of dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls as a function of age, body fat, smoking status, and breast-feeding" 3736:

were much higher with concentrations ranging from 10 to 170 parts per trillion. The report did no measuring of the toxicity of indoor air.

3578:). Several buildings of the Spolana chemical plant were heavily contaminated by dioxins. Unknown amounts of dioxins were flushed into the 3825:, caused their cancers, illnesses or loved ones' deaths; of these only 850 were pending as of June 2008. In August 2005, Glen Strong, an 3818:, reported many illnesses of people living around and working at the Dow Chemical plant. This plant ceased production of 2,4,5-T in 1987. 3544:. The plant was so polluted with dioxin after the accident that it had to be dismantled, embedded in concrete, and dumped into the ocean. 6887: 5600: 4277:"The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and Mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds" 3064: 3035:

A chart illustrating how much dioxin the average American consumes per day. (Note: pg = picogram, or one trillionth of a gram, or 10 g).

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Carney SA, Prasch AL, Heideman W, Peterson RE (January 2006). "Understanding dioxin developmental toxicity using the zebrafish model".

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obliges signatories to take measures to eliminate where possible, and minimize where not possible to eliminate, all sources of dioxin.

7038: 6867: 7591: 7586: 6747:

Geusau A, Tschachler E, Meixner M, et al. (1999). "Olestra increases faecal excretion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin".

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Samer, C. F.; Gloor, Y.; Rollason, V.; Guessous, I.; Doffey-Lazeyras, F.; Saurat, J. H.; Sorg, O.; Desmeules, J.; Daali, Y. (2020).

4882: 3937: 3666: 3522: 3188:, but noted that non-cancer effects (reproduction and sexual development, immune system) may pose a greater threat to human health. 3127: 3012: 137: 24: 6926: 4906:"Consultation on assessment of the health risks of dioxins; re-evaluation of the tolerable daily intake (TDI): Executive summary". 6964: 6521: 4324: 7445: 3467: 3189: 3119: 3111: 2968:

has showed almost no decrease, and is now the largest source of dioxin emissions, producing about one third of the total output.

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body weight, a difference of as much as thousandfold or more, and even among rat strains there may be thousandfold differences.

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Concentrations are determined by measuring the ratio of the analyte to the appropriate isotopically labeled internal standard.

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Bock KW, Köhle C (August 2006). "Ah receptor: dioxin-mediated toxic responses as hints to deregulated physiologic functions".

5001: 3412: 7323: 7199: 4138: 4614:"An Inventory of Sources and Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the U.S. for the Years 1987, 1995, and 2000" 4356: 3184:), so even small exposures may eventually reach dangerous levels. In 1994, the US EPA reported that dioxins are a probable 7441: 6331:"The mortality experience of workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in a trichlorophenol process accident" 3942: 7559: 7297: 3146: 2757: 70: 7007: 6559:

Acres of skin: human experiments at Holmesburg Prison: a story of abuse and exploitation in the name of medical science

3670: 7292: 7108: 4951: 3847: 6690: 6664: 5084:"Cytochrome P450 1A2 activity and incidence of thyroid disease and cancer after chronic or acute exposure to dioxins" 6590: 4674:

Kulkami P.S.; Crespo J.G.; Afonso C.A.M. (2008). "Dioxins sources and current remediation technologies - a review".

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DIOXIN 2004 – 24th Intern. Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs, 6–10 September 2004

7391: 7380: 7144: 7030: 7024: 3958: 3880: 3700: 3665:

into the water tributaries. An investigation revealed previously classified disposal of dioxin in manufacturing

3230: 3197: 3123: 3057: 3040: 3326:

Among the animals for which TCDD toxicity has been studied, there is strong evidence for the following effects:

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Przyrembel H, Heinrich-Hirsch B, Vieth B (2000). "Exposition to and Heal Theffects of Residues in Human Milk".

3681: 3361: 3276: 3135: 3131: 63: 6717: 4631:

Cheung WH, Lee VK, McKay G (March 2007). "Minimizing dioxin emissions from integrated MSW thermal treatment".

5561:"Background exposure to PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs and its potential health effects: a review of epidemiologic studies" 7601: 7464: 3733: 3640: 2877: 183:. The name dioxin formally refers to the central dioxygenated ring, which is stabilized by the two flanking 148: 4163:

Jaspers, Veerle; Megson, David; O’Sullivan, Gwen (1 January 2014), O’Sullivan, Gwen; Sandau, Court (eds.),

3906:) accounted for 90.3 per cent of the overall Italian emissions, and 8.8 per cent of the European emissions. 7219: 7097: 4048:

Beychok, Milton R. (January 1987). "A data base for dioxin and furan emissions from refuse incinerators".

3871: 3226: 2992: 2827: 125: 6225: 4164: 7596: 7581: 7103: 6267: 3647: 2965: 2949: 2831: 130: 7532: 2976: 6536: 7473: 7437: 7119: 7114: 7087: 6815: 5994: 5761: 5147: 4780: 4683: 4640: 4391: 4224: 4096: 4057: 3996: 3822: 3721: 3526: 3498: 3451: 3150: 3115: 3084: 191: 7020: 7542: 7513: 7489: 7249: 4613: 3587: 3316: 3104: 5711:

Peters JM, Narotsky MG, Elizondo G, Fernandez-Salguero PM, Gonzalez FJ, Abbott BD (January 1999).

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Liem A.K.; Furst P.; Rappe C. (2000). "Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds".

7383: 7264: 7182: 6772: 6360: 6090: 5900: 5666: 5408: 5248: 5229:"Severe 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) intoxication: clinical and laboratory effects" 5171: 4949:

Healthy Milk, Healthy Baby – Chemical Pollution and Mother's Milk – Chemicals: Dioxins and Furans

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affected 670,000 people. Dioxin was found in tap water. It was assumed that it resulted from

7280: 7092: 6764: 6563: 6557: 6471: 6441: 6412: 6406: 6385: 6379: 6352: 6300: 6167: 6161: 6143: 6108: 6051: 6010: 5967: 5932: 5892: 5848: 5813: 5777: 5734: 5693: 5658: 5582: 5541: 5492: 5443: 5400: 5365: 5330: 5266: 5206: 5163: 5121: 5103: 5064: 4923: 4888: 4878: 4839: 4796: 4735: 4699: 4656: 4407: 4306: 4242: 4180: 4120: 4112: 4022: 4014: 3924: 3838:

be proven between DuPont and the family's tragic loss. DuPont's DeLisle plant is one of three

3799: 3788: 3622: 3614: 3000: 2869: 2819: 2787: 2770: 6894: 6502: 6433: 6184: 5033:

Milbrath MO, Wenger Y, Chang CW, Emond C, Garabrant D, Gillespie BW, Jolliet O (March 2009).

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was contracted by the Dow Chemical Company to perform threshold tests for TCDD on inmates at

3092:. The oxidized dioxins can then be more readily excreted rather than stored for a long time. 3080:

for highly chlorinated dioxins (4–8 chlorine atoms) in humans ranges from 4.9 to 13.1 years.

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Persistent organic pollutants under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

7418: 7407: 7285: 6756: 6498: 6467: 6342: 6196: 6135: 6098: 6082: 6041: 6002: 5959: 5924: 5882: 5840: 5805: 5769: 5724: 5650: 5572: 5531: 5523: 5482: 5474: 5435: 5392: 5357: 5320: 5312: 5256: 5240: 5198: 5155: 5095: 5054: 5046: 4915: 4870: 4831: 4788: 4727: 4691: 4648: 4513: 4479: 4399: 4296: 4288: 4232: 4172: 4104: 4065: 4004: 3962: 3946: 3839: 3830: 3773: 3537: 2807: 153: 93: 66: 5283: 3875:

In this case the dioxin toxicity was found to be mostly due to dioxin-like polychlorinated

7149: 7135: 7011: 6874: 6691:"AROUND THE NATION; Times Beach, Mo., Votes Itself Out of Existence — New York Times" 6543: 6525: 6249: 5463:"Immunologic effects of dioxin: new results from Seveso and comparison with other studies" 4955: 3629: 3471: 3417: 3263: 3181: 3089: 2961: 2916: 2854: 2774: 97: 6999: 6665:"AROUND THE NATION; Times Beach, Mo., Board Moves to Seal Off Town — New York Times" 5713:"Amelioration of TCDD-induced teratogenesis in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-null mice" 5641:

Birnbaum LS, Tuomisto J; Tuomisto (2000). "Non-carcinogenic effects of TCDD in animals".

3891:, which was included in the feed produced and subsequently fed to a large number of pigs. 6622: 5998: 5765: 5151: 4784: 4687: 4644: 4395: 4228: 4100: 4061: 4000: 3833:, was awarded $ 14 million from DuPont, but the ruling was overturned 5 June 2008, by a 3680:

In December 1991, an electrical explosion caused dioxins (created from the oxidation of

7481: 7477: 7349: 7178: 7005:"Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in the Food Supply: Strategies to Decrease Exposure" 6971: 6643: 6518: 6103: 6070: 5536: 5511: 5487: 5462: 5325: 5300: 5261: 5228: 5059: 5034: 4331: 4301: 4276: 4176: 3895: 3821:

DuPont has been sued by 1,995 people who claim dioxin emissions from DuPont's plant in

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Dioxins accumulate in food chains in a fashion similar to other chlorinated compounds (

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The word "dioxins" may also refer to other similarly acting chlorinated compounds (see

117: 35: 6760: 5963: 5928: 5809: 5439: 7575: 7172: 6347: 6330: 6139: 4935: 4540:"Italy's toxic waste crisis, the Mafia – and the scandal of Europe's mozzarella" 4450: 4069: 3876: 3729: 3708: 3696: 3494: 3443: 3357: 3304: 3248: 3243: 3204: 3192:, the most toxic of the dibenzodioxins, is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the 3052: 3016: 2957: 2953: 2920: 105: 6776: 6364: 5670: 5412: 4851: 4808: 4747: 4034: 7485: 7449: 5904: 5175: 5016: 4382:

Schecter A, Birnbaum L, Ryan JJ, Constable JD (July 2006). "Dioxins: an overview".

3811: 3761: 3674: 3618: 3429: 3421: 3288: 3216: 2991:

Dioxins are also generated in reactions that do not involve burning — such as

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According to data in 2009, in 2005 the production of dioxin by the steel industry

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Method Collections | Measurement Science | Office of the Science Advisor | US EPA

5227:

Geusau A, Abraham K, Geissler K, Sator MO, Stingl G, Tschachler E (August 2001).

4869:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 478. pp. 307–25. 4695: 4425: 4403: 4360: 3635:

In 1978, dioxins were some of the contaminants that forced the evacuation of the

7500: 7168: 7140: 7075: 6839:"Italy's toxic waste crisis, the Mafia – and the scandal of Europe's mozzarella" 6208: 5512:"Serum dioxin concentrations and endometriosis: a cohort study in Seveso, Italy" 5396: 3834: 3815: 3769: 3575: 3556: 3455: 3331: 3320: 3296: 3292: 3280: 3203:

Exposure to high levels of dioxins in humans causes a severe form of persistent

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together now produce less than 3% of all dioxin emissions. Since 1987, however,

2923: 2795: 2791: 157: 5887: 5870: 4792: 4765: 3784: 2818:. More recently, dioxins have been in the news with the poisoning of President 120:-related manufacturing, incineration of chlorine-containing substances such as 7517: 7510: 7424: 7414: 7410: 7244: 6514: 5773: 5361: 5202: 5159: 4259: 3753: 3704: 3636: 3603: 3595: 3566: 3185: 3045: 2893: 2803: 89: 28: 5729: 5712: 4874: 4116: 4018: 7521: 7504: 7495: 7429: 7333: 7239: 7209: 7079: 7004: 6046: 6029: 5654: 5083: 4835: 4292: 4237: 4212: 4009: 3984: 3804: 3741: 3541: 3439: 3435: 3345: 3339:

In rodents, including rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs, birds, and fish.

3300: 3284: 3208: 3173: 3169: 3077: 3020: 3004: 2984: 6950: 6768: 6112: 6086: 6055: 6014: 5971: 5936: 5852: 5817: 5781: 5738: 5697: 5662: 5586: 5545: 5496: 5447: 5404: 5334: 5270: 5210: 5167: 5107: 5068: 4948: 4927: 4892: 4843: 4800: 4739: 4703: 4660: 4411: 4310: 4246: 4124: 4026: 3599: 3130:). This toxicity rating is called the Toxic Equivalence Factor concept, or 3100: 6356: 6163:

Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice

6147: 5896: 5478: 5369: 4766:"Intake of dioxins and related compounds from food in the U.S. population" 3632:, Italy, although no immediate human fatalities or birth defects occurred. 3031: 7453: 7254: 6597: 6519:

Carcinogens in human blood near Spolana can cause serious health problems

5527: 5244: 4517: 3952: 3884: 3749: 3591: 3518: 3483: 3253: 2901: 2897: 2799: 176: 101: 81: 4108: 7434: 7259: 7231: 7160: 7062: 6094: 5844: 5252: 5099: 5002:"Polychlordibenzodioxine und Polychlordibenzofurane in Cigarettenrauch" 3899: 3861: 3795: 3777: 3563: 3552: 3533: 3459: 3353: 3349: 3236: 2882: 2858: 2823: 5577: 5560: 5301:"Developmental dental aberrations after the dioxin accident in Seveso" 5050: 4919: 4731: 4652: 4084: 3853:

In 2007, thousands of tonnes of foul-smelling refuse were piled up in

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Dioxins are produced in small concentrations when organic material is

5316: 3854: 3826: 3765: 3745: 3662: 3308: 3154: 2811: 109: 4213:"Dioxin - contemporary and future challenges of historical legacies" 3985:"Dioxin - contemporary and future challenges of historical legacies" 6071:"Prenatal immunotoxicant exposure and postnatal autoimmune disease" 3051:

Children are passed substantial body burdens by their mothers, and

3903: 3888: 3783: 3583: 3463: 3411: 3220: 3008: 2996: 2886: 2848: 2815: 2756: 180: 34: 3628:

In 1976, large amounts of dioxins were released in an industrial

6408:

The Governance of Problems: Puzzling, Powering and Participation

6329:

Collins JJ, Strauss ME, Levinskas GJ, Conner PR (January 1993).

3865: 3579: 3039:

Tolerable daily, monthly or annual intakes have been set by the

7353: 7034: 4969:"WHO Fact Sheet – "Persistent organic pollutants in human milk" 3621:

after Dow studies revealed adverse effects on workers at Dow's

6272: 3983:

Weber, Roland; Tysklind, Mats; Gaus, Caroline (1 March 2008).

3658: 2904: 6816:"Jury Finds DuPont Dioxins Not Responsible for Child's Death" 6438:

Communicating risks to the public: international perspectives

5461:

Baccarelli A, Mocarelli P, Patterson DG, et al. (2002).

4867:

Short and Long Term Effects of Breast Feeding on Child Health

3562:

Between 1965 and 1968 production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol in

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Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention

4275:

Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, et al. (2006).

2853:

Concentration profile of PCDD in a dated sediment core from

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Alaluusua S, Calderara P, Gerthoux PM, et al. (2004).

4083:

Kjeller, Lars-Owe.; Rappe, Christoffer. (1 February 1995).

3794:

In 2004, in a notable individual case of dioxin poisoning,

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produced by a reaction with chlorine in water purification.

2862: 6920:"Dioxin contamination in Germany Closing information note" 6268:"U.S. in first effort to clean up Agent Orange in Vietnam" 4262:. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (2011-03-18). Retrieved on 2011-06-09. 4169:

Environmental Forensics for Persistent Organic Pollutants

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Low concentrations of dioxins existed in nature prior to

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joined by two oxygen bridges. This makes the compound an

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properties, and may cause developmental disturbances and

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while viewing television news coverage of his condition.

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In 1963, a dioxin cloud escaped after an explosion in a

69:

that are primarily anthropogenic, and contribute toxic,

6623:"Icmesa chemical company, Seveso, Italy. 9th July 1976" 5510:

Eskenazi B, Mocarelli P, Warner M, et al. (2002).

3180:

Dioxins build up primarily in fatty tissues over time (

6436:. In Roger E. Kasperson, Pieter Jan M. Stallen (ed.). 4357:"FDA/CFSAN — Questions and Answers about Dioxins" 3529:, 240 people were affected when a relief valve opened. 6381:

The chemical scythe: lessons of 2, 4, 5-T, and dioxin

4764:

Schecter A, Cramer P, Boggess K, et al. (2001).

3657:

In the spring of 1990, a chemical plant Khimprom in

16:

Class of environmentally polluting organic compounds

7390: 7316: 7273: 7230: 7192: 7159: 7128: 7074: 6837:McCarthy, Michael; Phillips, John (22 March 2008). 5690:

National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series

4538:McCarthy, Michael; Phillips, John (22 March 2008). 4325:"Compilation of EU Dioxin Exposure and Health Data" 3949:

scheme for the purposes of assessing dioxin levels.

3602:were about twice the level of the control group in 6868:Report Inter-Agency Review Group Dioxin (Dec 2008) 6791:"Miss. jury rules for DuPont in $ 14m dioxin case" 6434:"Active and passive provision of risk information" 5871:"Selected lesions of dioxin in laboratory rodents" 5601:"Dioxin pollution leads to more baby girls -study" 5088:Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 3650:, was bought out and evacuated under order of the 2868:Occupational exposure is an issue for some in the 76:They are commonly but inaccurately referred to as 7392: 6737:. Ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov. Retrieved on 2011-06-09. 4165:"Chapter 7 - POPs in the Terrestrial Environment" 3688:and two other buildings on the college campus of 2971:In incineration, dioxins can also reform or form 6953:. Epa.gov (2006-06-28). Retrieved on 2011-06-09. 3791:with chloracne after his TCDD poisoning incident 2749:Organization toxic equivalent (WHO-TEQ) scheme. 5682: 5680: 5636: 5634: 5559:Arisawa K, Takeda H, Mikasa H (February 2005). 5222: 5220: 4759: 4757: 3019:breakdown of the common antimicrobial compound 2885:, through the introduction of a process called 5864: 5862: 5624: 5622: 4506:"Yushchenko's acne points to dioxin poisoning" 4270: 4268: 3434:Agent Orange was the code name for one of the 3323:relatively close to those reported in humans. 2782:(TCDD), became well known as a contaminant of 7365: 7046: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4575:"Dioxin in Feed Fats from Schleswig-Holstein" 4499: 4497: 4455:United States Environmental Protection Agency 4430:United States Environmental Protection Agency 3810:In the early 2000s, residents of the city of 3717:United States Environmental Protection Agency 3652:United States Environmental Protection Agency 2844:United States Environmental Protection Agency 8: 6546:International POP Elimination Network (IPEN) 6028:Heiden TK, Carvan MJ, Hutz RJ (April 2006). 4217:Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3989:Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3348:in the mammalian lung, oral/nasal cavities, 7021:"Assessment of the Health Risks of Dioxins" 4206: 4204: 4202: 4139:"Dioxins and their effects on human health" 3319:. The most sensitive effects are caused at 3194:International Agency for Research on Cancer 3114:(TCDD) is considered the most toxic of the 2826:in 2004, the Naples Mozzarella Crisis, the 7372: 7358: 7350: 7053: 7039: 7031: 4476:"4 Seveso: A paradoxical classic disaster" 3703:with dioxin-like toxicity had entered the 2706:1,2,3,4,6,7,9-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2676:1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 196: 6346: 6102: 6045: 5886: 5728: 5576: 5535: 5486: 5324: 5284:IARC monograph: "Polychlorinated Dibenzo- 5260: 5058: 4300: 4236: 4171:, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 291–356, 4008: 3466:. The 2,4,5-T used was contaminated with 3138:, one of which has a TEF as high as 0.1. 144:Chemical structure of dibenzo-1,4-dioxins 3547: 3164: 3099: 3030: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 974: 970: 966: 962: 940: 936: 932: 928: 906: 902: 898: 894: 872: 868: 864: 860: 838: 834: 830: 826: 804: 800: 796: 792: 770: 766: 762: 758: 736: 732: 728: 724: 702: 698: 694: 690: 668: 664: 660: 656: 634: 630: 626: 622: 600: 596: 592: 588: 566: 562: 558: 554: 532: 528: 524: 520: 498: 494: 490: 486: 464: 460: 456: 452: 430: 426: 422: 418: 396: 392: 388: 384: 362: 358: 354: 350: 328: 324: 320: 316: 294: 290: 286: 282: 260: 256: 252: 230: 226: 222: 160:numbering scheme of the parent compound 147: 6432:Eijndhoven, J. van; C. Worrell (1991). 4426:"Times Beach Record of Decision Signed" 3975: 3458:from 1961 to 1971. It was a mixture of 3299:. Furthermore, alterations in multiple 3083:The persistence of a particular dioxin 2646:1,2,4,6,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2612:1,2,4,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2578:1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2544:1,2,3,6,8,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2510:1,2,3,6,7,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2476:1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2442:1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2408:1,2,3,4,6,9-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2374:1,2,3,4,6,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2340:1,2,3,4,6,7-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 6472:Spolana — časovaná bomba na břehu Labe 4451:"Love Canal Record of Decision Signed" 4089:Environmental Science & Technology 2306:1,2,4,8,9-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2272:1,2,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2238:1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2204:1,2,4,6,9-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2170:1,2,4,6,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2136:1,2,4,6,7-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2102:1,2,3,8,9-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2068:1,2,3,7,9-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2034:1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2000:1,2,3,6,9-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1966:1,2,3,6,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1932:1,2,3,6,7-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1898:1,2,3,4,7-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1864:1,2,3,4,6-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 4569: 4567: 4565: 3829:fisherman with the rare blood cancer 2900:, whether the chlorine is present as 194:(that is, related dioxin compounds). 7: 7308:List of environmental health hazards 6209:"Vietnam's war against Agent Orange" 4958:. Nrdc.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-09. 4211:Weber R, Tysklind M, Gaus C (2008). 3965:scheme when measuring dioxin levels. 3488:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1830:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1796:1,4,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1762:1,4,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1728:1,3,7,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1694:1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1660:1,3,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1626:1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1592:1,2,8,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1558:1,2,7,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1524:1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1490:1,2,6,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1456:1,2,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1422:1,2,6,7-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1388:1,2,4,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1354:1,2,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1320:1,2,4,7-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1286:1,2,4,6-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1252:1,2,3,9-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1218:1,2,3,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1184:1,2,3,7-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1150:1,2,3,6-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1116:1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 6722:BlueLink – the Civic Action Network 6718:"Ufa Losing Battle Against Dioxins" 6297:The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War 3215:Developmental abnormalities in the 3107:of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2926:and private backyard barrel burning 80:for simplicity, because every PCDD 7193:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs 6503:Dioxinové kachny "made in Spolana" 4177:10.1016/b978-0-444-59424-2.00007-4 3118:(for the mechanism of action, see 2983:is through rapid (30 millisecond) 14: 7465:Modified low-density lipoproteins 7397:Tooltip Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 6877:. (PDF). Retrieved on 2011-06-09. 6411:. The Policy Press. p. 151. 5233:Environmental Health Perspectives 5039:Environmental Health Perspectives 3938:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds 3780:to accelerate dioxin elimination. 3667:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 3424:over Vietnamese agricultural land 3128:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds 3013:2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 138:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds 39:General structure of PCDDs where 25:Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds 7470:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 6348:10.1097/00001648-199301000-00003 5000:Ball M, Paepke O, Lis A (1990). 3468:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3120:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 3112:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2872:, historically for those making 2780:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 2763:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1082:2,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1048:1,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1014:1,4,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 980:1,4,6-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 946:1,3,9-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 912:1,3,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 878:1,3,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 844:1,3,6-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 810:1,2,9-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 776:1,2,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 742:1,2,7-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 708:1,2,6-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 674:1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 640:1,2,3-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 21:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 6295:Spencer C. Tucker, ed. (2011). 6266:Jessica King (10 August 2012). 6243:"Last Ghost of the Vietnam War" 5643:Food Additives and Contaminants 5385:Reviews on Environmental Health 4974:. December 2009. Archived from 4908:Food Additives and Contaminants 4824:Food Additives and Contaminants 4621:EPA/600/P-03/002f, Final Report 3609:Also during 1965 through 1968, 3521:herbicide production plant for 3379:In rodents, chickens, and fish. 3374:Hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity) 2794:. Later, dioxins were found in 7442:polychlorinated dibenzodioxins 6716:Artur Asafiev (29 June 2019). 6591:"Seveso – 30 Years After" 6384:. Springer. pp. 106–109. 6241:York, Geoffrey; Mick, Hayley; 3360:carcinoma, and various animal 3009:2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2937:Chemical manufacturing sources 52:Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins 1: 7560:Receptor/signaling modulators 6761:10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04271-3 6007:10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.07.002 5964:10.1016/s1532-0456(01)00199-5 5929:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00239-8 5810:10.1016/s1532-0456(03)00168-6 5440:10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00422-2 4773:J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 4504:Castellani, Federica (2004). 3943:Polychlorinated dibenzofurans 3147:persistent organic pollutants 2878:chlorophenoxy acid herbicides 606:2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 572:2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 538:2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 504:1,9-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 470:1,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 436:1,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 402:1,6-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 368:1,4-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 334:1,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 300:1,2-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 96:. Members of the PCDD family 7339:Toxic Substances Control Act 7298:Persistent organic pollutant 7016:National Academy of Sciences 6166:, MIT Press, 2007, p. 159, ( 6140:10.1016/0165-2427(86)90130-3 6069:Holladay SD (October 1999). 5015:(6): 393–402. Archived from 4696:10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.009 4404:10.1016/j.envres.2005.12.003 4070:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90267-8 2934:Refining and process sources 2742:FOIBFBMSLDGNHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2712:KTJJIBIRZGQFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2682:WCLNVRQZUKYVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2652:URELDHWUZUWPIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2618:BSJDQMWAWFTDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2584:LGIRBUBHIWTVCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2550:GZRQZUFXVFRKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2516:BQOHWGKNRKCEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2482:YCLUIPQDHHPDJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2448:WCYYQNSQJHPVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2414:UDYXCMRDCOVQLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2380:IMALTUQZEIFHJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2346:NLBQVWJHLWAFGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2312:KLLFLRKEOJCTGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2278:QLBBXWPVEFJZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2244:QUPLGUUISJOUPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2210:GNQVSAMSAKZLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2176:SJJWALZHAWITMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2142:SEKDDGLKEYEVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2108:VUMZAVNIADYKFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2074:UAOYHTXYVWEPIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2040:FSPZPQQWDODWAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2006:NWKWRHSKKNELND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1972:VKDGHBBUEIIEHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1938:RLGWDUHOIIWPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1904:WRNGAZFESPEMCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1870:LNWDBNKKBLRAMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1836:HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1802:FCRXUTCUWCJZJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1768:QTIIAIRUSSSOHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1734:JMGYHLJVDHUACM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1700:VPTDIAYLYJBYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1666:QAUIRDIJIUMMEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1632:OTQFXRBLGNEOGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1598:WELWFAGPAZKSBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1564:QIKHBBZEUNSCAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1530:YDZCLBKUTXYYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1496:ZKMXKYXNLFLUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1462:YYUFYZDSYHKVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1428:SAMLAWFHXZIRMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1394:WDAHVJCSSYOALR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1360:XGIKODBWQSAEFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1326:SMPHQCMJQUBTFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1292:KQNBZUDHTCXCNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1258:CMVHZKSHSHQJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1224:BXKLTNKYLCZOHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1190:SKGXYFVQZVPEFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1156:XEZBZSVTUSXISZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1122:DJHHDLMTUOLVHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1088:ZSIZNEVHVVRPFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1054:CAPCTZJHYADFNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1020:NBWAQBGJBSYXHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 986:UTTYFTWIJLRXKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 952:DGDADRUTFAIIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 918:FJAKCOBYQSEWMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 884:RPKWIXFZKMDPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 850:LNPVMVSAUXUGHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 816:DQLRDBDQLSIOIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 782:QBEOCKSANJLBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 748:TXJMXDWFPQSYEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 714:XQBPVWBIUBCJJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 680:HRVUKLBFRPWXPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 646:SKMFBGZVVNDVFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 612:WMWJCKBJUQDYLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 578:NBFMTHWVRBOVPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 544:YCIYTXRUZSDMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 510:JZDVJXBKJDADAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 476:PLZYIHQBHROTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 442:IJUWLAFPPVRYGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 408:MAWMBEVNJGEDAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 374:MBMUPQZSDWVPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 340:AZYJYMAKTBXNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 306:DFGDMWHUCCHXIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 272:GIUGGRUEPHPVNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 242:VGGGRWRBGXENKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 129:mid 19th century during the 71:persistent organic pollution 62:, are a group of long-lived 7293:Great Pacific garbage patch 6556:Hornblum, Allen M. (1998). 5397:10.1515/reveh.2006.21.2.119 3923:Also novel bio-assays like 3848:New Johnsonville, Tennessee 3646:From 1982 through to 1985, 3470:(TCDD), an extremely toxic 2736:octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 7630: 7334:Japan Toxic Substances Law 7129:Miscellaneous plasticizers 6299:(2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. 5888:10.1177/019262339702500114 4793:10.1080/152873901750128326 3869: 3509: 3427: 3149:(POPs) are subject to the 2786:, a herbicide used in the 2623:PCDD-124689 (PCDD-134679) 2555:PCDD-123789 (PCDD-234678) 2521:PCDD-123689 (PCDD-134678) 2487:PCDD-123679 (PCDD-124678) 18: 7551: 7381:Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 7329:European REACH regulation 7324:California Proposition 65 7067:polyhalogenated compounds 7025:World Health Organization 6562:. Routledge. p. 38. 6474:, Sedmá generace, 10/2002 5774:10.1016/j.tox.2006.10.019 5362:10.3109/10408449309105013 5203:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.01.017 5160:10.1007/s00204-002-0345-7 4676:Environment International 3959:Polychlorinated biphenyls 3881:polychlorinated biphenyls 3701:polychlorinated biphenyls 3695:In May 1999, there was a 3684:) to spread through four 3506:Dioxin exposure incidents 3231:peripheral nervous system 3198:aryl hydrocarbon receptor 3172:on the ear and neck of a 3124:Aryl hydrocarbon receptor 3041:World Health Organization 2915:Combustion sources, e.g. 266:2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 236:1-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 88:skeletal structure, with 7592:IARC Group 3 carcinogens 7587:IARC Group 1 carcinogens 6845:. London. Archived from 6505:, Sedmá generace, 3/2003 6440:. Springer. p. 48. 6128:Vet Immunol Immunopathol 5516:Environ. Health Perspect 5467:Environ. Health Perspect 5305:Environ. Health Perspect 4875:10.1007/0-306-46830-1_27 4546:. London. Archived from 3697:dioxin crisis in Belgium 3682:polychlorinated biphenyl 3270:Toxic effects in animals 3161:Health effects in humans 2943:Environmental reservoirs 2909:organochlorine compounds 2283:PCDD-12489 (PCDD-13467) 2249:PCDD-12479 (PCDD-13468) 2079:PCDD-12389 (PCDD-23467) 2045:PCDD-12379 (PCDD-23468) 1977:PCDD-12369 (PCDD-14678) 7023:, a 1998 report by the 7014:, a 2003 report by the 7000:NIEHS dioxin fact sheet 6965:"Internation-Dairy.com" 6293:"Defoliation" entry in 6075:Environ Health Perspect 5655:10.1080/026520300283351 5009:Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int 4836:10.1080/026520300283324 4238:10.1065/espr2008.01.473 4050:Atmospheric Environment 4010:10.1065/espr2008.01.473 3641:Niagara Falls, New York 3063:Dioxins are present in 3027:Sources of human intake 2966:backyard barrel burning 7496:Tapinarof (benvitimod) 7220:Perfluorooctanoic acid 6405:Hoppe, Robert (2010). 6378:Hay, Alastair (1982). 6087:10.1289/ehp.99107s5687 5952:Comp Biochem Physiol C 5798:Comp Biochem Physiol C 5730:10.1093/toxsci/47.1.86 3872:2008 Irish pork crisis 3842:facilities (including 3792: 3560: 3425: 3177: 3108: 3036: 2865: 2828:2008 Irish pork crisis 2766: 2753:Historical perspective 164: 48: 7438:aromatic hydrocarbons 6047:10.1093/toxsci/kfj085 5875:Toxicologic Pathology 5479:10.1289/ehp.021101169 4954:4 August 2007 at the 4293:10.1093/toxsci/kfl055 3787: 3707:through contaminated 3648:Times Beach, Missouri 3611:Dr. Albert M. Kligman 3551: 3415: 3279:has been shown to be 3168: 3103: 3034: 2950:municipal solid waste 2852: 2760: 151: 131:Industrial Revolution 47:can range from 0 to 4 38: 7474:3-methylcholanthrene 6226:"Agent of Suffering" 5923:. 112–113: 289–301. 5528:10.1289/ehp.02110629 5245:10.1289/ehp.01109865 5022:on 18 December 2008. 4914:(4): 223–240. 2000. 4720:Environ Toxicol Chem 4518:10.1038/news041122-8 4223:(2): 96–100 (p.97). 3860:In December 2008 in 3823:DeLisle, Mississippi 3527:Nitro, West Virginia 3499:Red Cross of Vietnam 3452:Operation Ranch Hand 3446:used as part of its 3399:In rodents and fish. 3389:In rodents and fish. 3384:Endocrine disruption 3369:In rodents and fish. 3317:reproductive systems 3151:Stockholm Convention 2832:German feed incident 73:in the environment. 7543:Cyproterone acetate 7425:Dietary carotenoids 7250:Endocrine disruptor 6932:on 14 December 2011 6900:on 25 February 2009 6603:on 31 December 2006 6081:(Suppl 5): 687–91. 5999:2004AqTox..66...25Z 5833:Birth Defects Res A 5766:2007Toxgy.229..214K 5152:2002ArTox..76..316G 4785:2001JTEHA..63....1S 4688:2008EnInt..34..139K 4645:2007EnST...41.2001C 4633:Environ Sci Technol 4396:2006ER....101..419S 4229:2008ESPR...15...96W 4109:10.1021/es00002a010 4101:1995EnST...29..346K 4062:1987AtmEn..21...29B 4001:2008ESPR...15...96W 3734:World Trade Centers 3588:2002 European flood 3536:-Duphar plant (now 3356:glands, and liver, 3105:Space-filling model 2896:in the presence of 2870:chemical industries 7265:Polymer fume fever 7010:2004-12-25 at the 6873:2010-12-09 at the 6695:The New York Times 6669:The New York Times 6542:2011-07-26 at the 6524:2009-04-30 at the 6254:The Globe and Mail 6248:2009-03-31 at the 6232:, 10 February 2008 5845:10.1002/bdra.20216 5100:10.1111/bcpt.13339 4619:. 1 November 2006. 3844:Edgemoor, Delaware 3793: 3661:, Russia released 3630:accident at Seveso 3586:rivers during the 3561: 3512:Dioxin controversy 3448:herbicidal warfare 3426: 3344:Cancer (including 3178: 3145:Dioxins and other 3109: 3037: 2993:chlorine bleaching 2866: 2838:Sources of dioxins 2767: 169:dibenzo-1,4-dioxin 165: 162:dibenzo-1,4-dioxin 126:chlorine bleaching 122:polyvinyl chloride 86:dibenzo-1,4-dioxin 49: 7569: 7568: 7533:7-Ketocholesterol 7347: 7346: 7281:Plastic pollution 7061:Health issues of 6963:Behnisch, Peter. 6569:978-0-415-91990-6 6447:978-0-7923-0601-6 6418:978-1-84742-629-1 6391:978-0-306-40973-8 6306:978-1-85109-961-0 6160:Pellow, David N. 5607:. 18 October 2007 5578:10.2152/jmi.52.10 5191:Biochem Pharmacol 5126:978-0-470-60182-2 5051:10.1289/ehp.11781 4920:10.1080/713810655 4732:10.1897/04-243r.1 4653:10.1021/es061989d 4186:978-0-444-59424-2 3864:dioxin levels in 3800:Viktor Yushchenko 3789:Viktor Yushchenko 3623:Midland, Michigan 3615:Holmesburg Prison 3394:Immunosuppression 3176:production worker 3001:pentachlorophenol 2881:of emissions. In 2820:Viktor Yushchenko 2788:Malayan Emergency 2771:industrialization 2746: 2745: 1807:PCDD-2378 (TCDD) 167:The structure of 104:because of their 67:organic compounds 7619: 7490:β-naphthoflavone 7419:prostaglandin G2 7408:Arachidonic acid 7398: 7394: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7351: 7286:Rubber pollution 7136:Organophosphates 7055: 7048: 7041: 7032: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6977:on 18 April 2014 6976: 6970:. Archived from 6969: 6960: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6931: 6925:. Archived from 6924: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6899: 6893:. Archived from 6892: 6884: 6878: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6849:on 19 April 2013 6834: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6755:(9186): 1266–7. 6744: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6602: 6596:. 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Archived from 4579: 4571: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4550:on 19 April 2013 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4512:: news041122–8. 4501: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4478:. Archived from 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4447: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4359:. Archived from 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4336: 4330:. 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7482:benzanthracenes 7396: 7386: 7378: 7348: 7343: 7312: 7269: 7226: 7188: 7155: 7124: 7070: 7059: 7012:Wayback Machine 6996: 6991: 6990: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6949: 6945: 6935: 6933: 6929: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6875:Wayback Machine 6866: 6862: 6852: 6850: 6843:The Independent 6836: 6835: 6831: 6821: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6809: 6799: 6797: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6733: 6729: 6715: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6671:. 27 April 1983 6663: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6625: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6544:Wayback Machine 6535: 6531: 6526:Wayback Machine 6513: 6509: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6419: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6392: 6377: 6376: 6372: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6314: 6307: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6278: 6276: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6250:Wayback Machine 6240: 6236: 6224:Fawthrop, Tom; 6223: 6219: 6207:Fawthrop, Tom; 6206: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6159: 6155: 6134:(1–4): 263–80. 6125: 6124: 6120: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6027: 6026: 6022: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5917: 5916: 5912: 5868: 5867: 5860: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5751: 5750: 5746: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5686: 5685: 5678: 5640: 5639: 5632: 5627: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5473:(12): 1169–73. 5460: 5459: 5455: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5282: 5278: 5226: 5225: 5218: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5146:(5–6): 316–25. 5137: 5136: 5132: 5119: 5115: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5019: 5004: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4981:on 4 March 2016 4978: 4971: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4956:Wayback Machine 4947: 4943: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4885: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4768: 4763: 4762: 4755: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4673: 4672: 4668: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4600: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4544:The Independent 4537: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4503: 4502: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4449: 4448: 4444: 4434: 4432: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4337:on 16 June 2007 4334: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4274: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4210: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4047: 4046: 4042: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3934: 3917: 3874: 3686:residence halls 3559:plant, air view 3514: 3508: 3472:dioxin compound 3432: 3418:Huey helicopter 3410: 3330:Birth defects ( 3272: 3264:bioaccumulation 3182:bioaccumulation 3163: 3098: 3073: 3065:cigarette smoke 3029: 3011:(or 2,4-D) and 2962:hazardous waste 2940:Natural sources 2917:municipal waste 2855:Esthwaite Water 2840: 2775:Leblanc process 2755: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 262: 258: 254: 250: 232: 228: 224: 220: 146: 92:as the central 64:polyhalogenated 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7627: 7626: 7623: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7602:Dibenzodioxins 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7574: 7573: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7526: 7525: 7508: 7498: 7493: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7401: 7399: 7388: 7387: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7369: 7362: 7354: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7320: 7318: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7277: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7236: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7179:Vinyl chloride 7176: 7173:Polycarbonates 7165: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7147: 7138: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7106: 7101: 7095: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7072: 7071: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7018: 7002: 6995: 6994:External links 6992: 6989: 6988: 6955: 6943: 6911: 6879: 6860: 6829: 6818:. 11 June 2007 6807: 6782: 6739: 6727: 6708: 6697:. 3 April 1985 6682: 6656: 6635: 6614: 6582: 6568: 6548: 6529: 6507: 6491: 6476: 6460: 6446: 6424: 6417: 6397: 6390: 6370: 6321: 6312: 6305: 6286: 6258: 6256:, 12 July 2008 6234: 6217: 6215:, 14 June 2004 6200: 6188: 6176: 6153: 6118: 6061: 6020: 5977: 5942: 5910: 5858: 5823: 5787: 5744: 5703: 5692:(521): 4–232. 5676: 5630: 5618: 5592: 5571:(1–2): 10–21. 5551: 5502: 5453: 5418: 5375: 5356:(3): 283–335. 5340: 5311:(13): 1313–8. 5291: 5276: 5216: 5197:(4): 393–404. 5181: 5130: 5113: 5094:(3): 296–303. 5074: 5025: 4992: 4960: 4941: 4898: 4883: 4857: 4830:(4): 241–259. 4814: 4753: 4709: 4682:(1): 139–153. 4666: 4623: 4598: 4561: 4530: 4493: 4482:on 27 May 2010 4467: 4442: 4417: 4374: 4363:on 1 June 2007 4348: 4316: 4264: 4252: 4198: 4185: 4155: 4130: 4095:(2): 346–355. 4075: 4040: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3956: 3950: 3940: 3933: 3930: 3916: 3915:Dioxin testing 3913: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3892: 3870:Main article: 3858: 3851: 3819: 3808: 3781: 3737: 3726:City Hall Park 3712: 3693: 3690:SUNY New Paltz 3678: 3655: 3644: 3633: 3626: 3607: 3571:Czechoslovakia 3545: 3530: 3517:In 1949, in a 3507: 3504: 3428:Main article: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3335: 3332:teratogenicity 3271: 3268: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3244:immune systems 3242:Damage to the 3240: 3234: 3224: 3219:of children's 3162: 3159: 3097: 3094: 3072: 3069: 3028: 3025: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2930:Metal smelting 2927: 2839: 2836: 2754: 2751: 2744: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2718: 2717:PCDD-12346789 2714: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2688: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2250: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2148: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1298: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 992: 988: 987: 984: 981: 978: 958: 954: 953: 950: 947: 944: 924: 920: 919: 916: 913: 910: 890: 886: 885: 882: 879: 876: 856: 852: 851: 848: 845: 842: 822: 818: 817: 814: 811: 808: 788: 784: 783: 780: 777: 774: 754: 750: 749: 746: 743: 740: 720: 716: 715: 712: 709: 706: 686: 682: 681: 678: 675: 672: 652: 648: 647: 644: 641: 638: 618: 614: 613: 610: 607: 604: 584: 580: 579: 576: 573: 570: 550: 546: 545: 542: 539: 536: 516: 512: 511: 508: 505: 502: 482: 478: 477: 474: 471: 468: 448: 444: 443: 440: 437: 434: 414: 410: 409: 406: 403: 400: 380: 376: 375: 372: 369: 366: 346: 342: 341: 338: 335: 332: 312: 308: 307: 304: 301: 298: 278: 274: 273: 270: 267: 264: 248: 244: 243: 240: 237: 234: 218: 214: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 145: 142: 118:organochloride 100:in humans and 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7625: 7624: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7562: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7550: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7509: 7506: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7491: 7487: 7486:benzoflavones 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7455: 7451: 7450:dibenzofurans 7447: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7400: 7395: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7375: 7370: 7368: 7363: 7361: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7272: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7232:Health issues 7229: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7191: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7068: 7064: 7056: 7051: 7049: 7044: 7042: 7037: 7036: 7033: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6973: 6966: 6959: 6956: 6952: 6947: 6944: 6928: 6921: 6915: 6912: 6896: 6889: 6883: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6869: 6864: 6861: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6833: 6830: 6817: 6811: 6808: 6796: 6792: 6786: 6783: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6731: 6728: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6709: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6683: 6670: 6666: 6660: 6657: 6645: 6639: 6636: 6624: 6618: 6615: 6599: 6592: 6586: 6583: 6571: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6552: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6538: 6533: 6530: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6516: 6511: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6499:Miroslav Šuta 6495: 6492: 6487: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6468:Miroslav Šuta 6464: 6461: 6449: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6425: 6420: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6401: 6398: 6393: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6374: 6371: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6325: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6308: 6302: 6298: 6290: 6287: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6262: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6195:Luong, 2003: 6192: 6189: 6186: 6180: 6177: 6173: 6172:0-262-16244-X 6169: 6165: 6164: 6157: 6154: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6062: 6057: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6021: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5987:Aquat Toxicol 5981: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5958:(4): 317–27. 5957: 5953: 5946: 5943: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5914: 5911: 5906: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5827: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5791: 5788: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5760:(3): 214–25. 5759: 5755: 5748: 5745: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5707: 5704: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5683: 5681: 5677: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5649:(4): 275–88. 5648: 5644: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5593: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5522:(7): 629–34. 5521: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5503: 5498: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5454: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5434:(5): 335–43. 5433: 5429: 5428:Ann Epidemiol 5422: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5391:(2): 119–38. 5390: 5386: 5379: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5344: 5341: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5280: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5182: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5117: 5114: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5078: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5045:(3): 417–25. 5044: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4993: 4977: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4945: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4902: 4899: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4884:0-306-46405-5 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4861: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4818: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4726:(3): 517–25. 4725: 4721: 4713: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4670: 4667: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4639:(6): 2001–7. 4638: 4634: 4627: 4624: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4587:on 9 May 2013 4583: 4576: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4531: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4456: 4452: 4446: 4443: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4390:(3): 419–28. 4389: 4385: 4378: 4375: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4333: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4287:(2): 223–41. 4286: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4188: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3995:(2): 96–100. 3994: 3990: 3986: 3979: 3976: 3969: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3921: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3877:dibenzofurans 3873: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3495:birth defects 3491: 3489: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3454:, during the 3453: 3449: 3445: 3444:U.S. military 3441: 3437: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3414: 3407: 3405: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3358:squamous cell 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3305:growth factor 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3249:Endometriosis 3247: 3245: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3079: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3054: 3053:breastfeeding 3049: 3047: 3042: 3033: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3017:photochemical 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2958:sewage sludge 2955: 2954:medical waste 2951: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2921:medical waste 2918: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2874:chlorophenols 2871: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2845: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2761:Structure of 2759: 2752: 2750: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2689: 2687:PCDD-1234679 2686: 2685: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2659: 2657:PCDD-1234678 2656: 2655: 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Retrieved 5604: 5595: 5568: 5565:J Med Invest 5564: 5554: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5285: 5279: 5239:(8): 865–9. 5236: 5232: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5143: 5140:Arch Toxicol 5139: 5133: 5116: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5017:the original 5012: 5008: 4995: 4983:. Retrieved 4976:the original 4963: 4944: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4866: 4860: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4776: 4772: 4723: 4719: 4712: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4589:. Retrieved 4582:the original 4552:. Retrieved 4548:the original 4543: 4533: 4521:. Retrieved 4509: 4484:. Retrieved 4480:the original 4470: 4458:. Retrieved 4445: 4433:. Retrieved 4420: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4365:. Retrieved 4361:the original 4351: 4339:. Retrieved 4332:the original 4319: 4284: 4281:Toxicol. Sci 4280: 4255: 4220: 4216: 4190:, retrieved 4168: 4158: 4146:. Retrieved 4142: 4133: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4056:(1): 29–36. 4053: 4049: 4043: 3992: 3988: 3978: 3922: 3918: 3812:New Plymouth 3762:leukocytosis 3675:chlorophenol 3619:Philadelphia 3598:, Libiš and 3540:Group) near 3492: 3480: 3476: 3433: 3430:Agent Orange 3422:Agent Orange 3408:Agent Orange 3402: 3325: 3321:body burdens 3289:carcinogenic 3273: 3261: 3258: 3202: 3179: 3144: 3140: 3110: 3082: 3074: 3062: 3050: 3038: 2990: 2980: 2972: 2970: 2946: 2924:incinerators 2891: 2867: 2841: 2784:Agent Orange 2768: 2762: 2747: 2589:PCDD-124679 2453:PCDD-123678 2419:PCDD-123478 2385:PCDD-123469 2351:PCDD-123468 2317:PCDD-123467 189: 166: 135: 114: 77: 75: 59: 55: 51: 50: 44: 40: 32: 7514:derivatives 7478:benzopyrene 7435:Halogenated 7411:metabolites 7317:Regulations 7169:Bisphenol A 6936:27 November 6888:"Peacelink" 6575:27 February 6341:(1): 7–13. 6034:Toxicol Sci 5881:(1): 72–9. 5839:(1): 7–18. 5717:Toxicol Sci 4779:(1): 1–18. 4591:27 November 4384:Environ Res 4192:28 February 4148:28 February 4143:www.who.int 3835:Mississippi 3816:New Zealand 3798:politician 3770:amenorrhoea 3709:animal feed 3557:chloralkali 3555:Neratovice 3456:Vietnam War 3297:hepatotoxic 3293:immunotoxic 3281:teratogenic 3207:, known as 3003:, and also 2995:fibers for 2796:Times Beach 2792:Vietnam War 2709:58200-70-7 2679:35822-46-9 2649:58802-09-8 2615:39227-62-8 2581:19408-74-3 2547:58200-69-4 2513:64461-98-9 2479:57653-85-7 2445:39227-28-6 2411:58200-68-3 2377:58200-67-2 2343:58200-66-1 2309:82291-38-1 2275:82291-37-0 2241:58802-08-7 2215:PCDD-12478 2207:82291-36-9 2181:PCDD-12469 2173:71998-76-0 2147:PCDD-12468 2139:82291-35-8 2113:PCDD-12467 2105:71925-18-3 2071:71925-17-2 2037:40321-76-4 2011:PCDD-12378 2003:82291-34-7 1969:71925-16-1 1943:PCDD-12368 1935:71925-15-0 1909:PCDD-12367 1901:39227-61-7 1875:PCDD-12347 1867:67028-19-7 1841:PCDD-12346 1799:40581-94-0 1765:40581-93-9 1731:62470-53-5 1697:50585-46-1 1663:71669-24-4 1629:33423-92-6 1595:62470-54-6 1561:71669-23-3 1527:34816-53-0 1493:40581-91-7 1459:67323-56-2 1425:40581-90-6 1391:71665-99-1 1357:71669-29-9 1323:71669-28-8 1289:71669-27-7 1255:71669-26-6 1221:53555-02-5 1187:67028-18-6 1153:71669-25-5 1119:30746-58-8 1085:33857-28-2 1051:82306-65-8 1017:82306-64-7 983:82306-63-6 949:82306-62-5 915:82306-61-4 881:67028-17-5 847:82291-33-6 813:82291-32-5 779:82291-31-4 745:82291-30-3 711:69760-96-9 677:39227-58-2 643:54536-17-3 609:38964-22-6 575:33857-26-0 541:29446-15-9 507:82291-28-9 473:82291-27-8 439:82291-26-7 405:38178-38-0 371:54536-19-5 337:50585-39-2 303:54536-18-4 269:39227-54-8 239:39227-53-7 209:CAS Number 158:substituent 124:(PVC), and 84:contains a 7576:Categories 7518:indigo dye 7511:Tryptophan 7415:lipoxin A4 7384:modulators 7245:Carcinogen 7210:Organotins 7080:Phthalates 6904:31 January 6515:Greenpeace 6453:19 October 5754:Toxicology 5611:22 October 4523:14 January 3970:References 3754:epigastric 3705:food chain 3637:Love Canal 3596:Neratovice 3567:Neratovice 3510:See also: 3440:defoliants 3436:herbicides 3416:U.S. Army 3186:carcinogen 3071:Metabolism 3046:food chain 3005:herbicides 2977:atmosphere 2830:, and the 2804:Love Canal 2739:3268-87-9 1833:1746-01-6 1773:PCDD-1478 1739:PCDD-1469 1705:PCDD-1379 1671:PCDD-1378 1637:PCDD-1369 1603:PCDD-1368 1569:PCDD-1289 1535:PCDD-1279 1501:PCDD-1278 1467:PCDD-1269 1433:PCDD-1268 1399:PCDD-1267 1365:PCDD-1249 1331:PCDD-1248 1297:PCDD-1247 1263:PCDD-1246 1229:PCDD-1239 1195:PCDD-1238 1161:PCDD-1237 1127:PCDD-1236 1093:PCDD-1234 106:lipophilic 90:1,4-dioxin 29:1,4-Dioxin 19:See also: 7538:CH-223191 7522:indirubin 7505:bilirubin 7454:biphenyls 7430:Flutamide 7405:Agonists: 7274:Pollution 7240:Teratogen 7171:(BPA, in 6822:22 August 6800:22 August 6488:. Berlin. 6279:11 August 5288:-dioxins" 4936:216644694 4117:0013-936X 4019:1614-7499 3805:chloracne 3796:Ukrainian 3742:chloracne 3569:plant in 3542:Amsterdam 3450:program, 3420:spraying 3346:neoplasms 3301:endocrine 3285:mutagenic 3239:disorders 3233:pathology 3209:chloracne 3174:herbicide 3170:Chloracne 3116:congeners 3078:half-life 3021:triclosan 2985:quenching 2834:of 2010. 1059:PCDD-237 1025:PCDD-178 991:PCDD-147 957:PCDD-146 923:PCDD-139 889:PCDD-138 855:PCDD-137 821:PCDD-136 787:PCDD-129 753:PCDD-128 719:PCDD-127 685:PCDD-126 651:PCDD-124 617:PCDD-123 212:InChIKey 192:congeners 7555:See also 7255:Diabetes 7161:Monomers 7141:Adipates 7063:plastics 7008:Archived 6981:18 April 6871:Archived 6853:28 March 6777:30933045 6769:10520643 6644:"Seveso" 6540:Archived 6522:Archived 6365:20291372 6246:Archived 6230:Guardian 6213:BBC News 6113:10502532 6056:16387744 6015:14687977 5972:11489429 5937:10720744 5853:16333842 5818:14522596 5782:17126467 5739:10048156 5698:16835633 5671:45117354 5663:10912242 5587:15751269 5546:12117638 5497:12460794 5448:12821272 5413:44739227 5405:16898675 5335:15345345 5271:11564625 5211:16545780 5168:12107649 5108:31608602 5069:19337517 4985:29 April 4952:Archived 4928:10912238 4893:11065082 4852:24861588 4844:10912239 4809:15153932 4801:11346131 4748:19322739 4740:15779749 4704:17826831 4661:17410797 4554:28 March 4412:16445906 4311:16829543 4247:18380226 4125:22201380 4035:36662487 4027:18380226 3953:Chemetco 3932:See also 3925:DR CALUX 3885:fuel oil 3750:vomiting 3730:New York 3722:Park Row 3671:accident 3519:Monsanto 3484:hectares 3254:Diabetes 3096:Toxicity 3085:congener 3007:such as 2902:chloride 2898:chlorine 2808:New York 2800:Missouri 2790:and the 583:PCDD-28 549:PCDD-27 515:PCDD-23 481:PCDD-19 447:PCDD-18 413:PCDD-17 379:PCDD-16 345:PCDD-14 311:PCDD-13 277:PCDD-12 203:formula 177:aromatic 102:wildlife 82:molecule 7516:(e.g., 7503:(e.g., 7488:(e.g., 7472:(e.g., 7444:(e.g., 7440:(e.g., 7413:(e.g., 7303:Dioxins 7260:Obesity 6357:8420584 6148:3765346 6104:1566248 6095:3434328 5995:Bibcode 5905:9819569 5897:9061855 5762:Bibcode 5605:Reuters 5537:1240907 5488:1241102 5370:8260069 5326:1247522 5262:1240417 5253:3454832 5176:5684780 5148:Bibcode 5060:2661912 4781:Bibcode 4684:Bibcode 4641:Bibcode 4392:Bibcode 4302:2290740 4225:Bibcode 4097:Bibcode 4058:Bibcode 3997:Bibcode 3900:Taranto 3862:Ireland 3778:olestra 3669:. The 3604:Benešov 3576:Vietnam 3564:Spolana 3553:Spolana 3534:Philips 3523:2,4,5-T 3460:2,4,5-T 3354:adrenal 3350:thyroid 3313:nervous 3237:Thyroid 3227:Central 3200:(AhR). 2981:de novo 2975:in the 2973:de novo 2883:Belgium 2859:Cumbria 2824:Ukraine 247:PCDD-2 217:PCDD-1 200:number 78:dioxins 60:dioxins 7100:(BBzP) 7069:(PHCs) 6775: 6767: 6749:Lancet 6701:4 June 6675:4 June 6649:4 June 6628:4 June 6607:4 June 6566: 6444: 6415: 6388: 6363: 6355: 6303: 6170: 6146: 6111: 6101: 6093: 6054: 6013: 5970: 5935: 5903: 5895: 5851: 5816: 5780: 5737: 5696: 5669: 5661: 5585: 5544: 5534: 5495: 5485: 5446: 5411: 5403: 5368: 5333: 5323: 5269: 5259: 5251: 5209: 5174: 5166: 5124: 5106: 5067: 5057: 4934: 4926: 4891: 4881: 4850: 4842: 4807: 4799: 4746: 4738: 4702: 4659: 4510:Nature 4486:4 June 4460:4 June 4435:4 June 4410: 4367:4 June 4341:4 June 4309: 4299: 4245: 4183: 4123: 4115: 4033: 4025: 4017: 3889:furans 3855:Naples 3846:, and 3827:oyster 3766:anemia 3756:pain, 3746:nausea 3663:phenol 3600:Tišice 3538:Solvay 3497:. 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