198:
394:, were mDNA haplotype A75 (40%) and "the dingo founder haplotype" A29 (8%). Also present were haplotypes A120 and A145. All 4 haplotypes fall within the a2 mDNA sub-haplogroup. The study also looked at archaeological specimens of ancient Polynesian dogs from which only a "short-haplotype" (a short sequence) could be derived. This short haplotype was named Arc2 and corresponds to mDNA haplotypes A75 and A120, and it could be found in 70% of samples found as far away as Hawaii and New Zealand. No dogs from Taiwan nor the Philippines carried the dingo or Polynesian haplotypes, which indicates that dogs did not enter the Pacific from a northeastern route.
345:
33:
405:
All of these dogs carry haplotypes that fall under the mDNA a2 sub-haplogroup and are therefore descendants of a dog/Chinese wolf hybrid ancestor. In 2015, the most comprehensive study of mDNA haplotypes to date found that the a2 sub-haplogroup represents 3% of all dogs in
Southeast Asia, 22% in the
1488:
The archaeology, ethnography and mitochondrial genetics of the extinct
Polynesian dog : a select annotated bibliography : submitted to the School of Communications and Information Management, Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
401:
and found they correspond to the a2 mDNA sub-haplogroup. The dog samples all carried the mDNA haplotype A192, which has only been reported in some modern village dogs from Bali, Indonesia. When compared with the two ancient
Polynesian haplotypes Arc1 and Arc2, all of the Wairau Bar dogs matched
288:
because of the scarcity of food in the native forests. The diet and environment of the islands resulted in a dog with small stature and a docile disposition, and
European explorers described them as lazy. They were said to rarely bark, but would howl occasionally.
56:. These dogs were used for both companionship and food and were introduced alongside poultry and pigs to various islands. They became extinct as a result of the crossbreeding that occurred after European breeds of dogs were introduced. Modern studies done on the
432:
showed that most of the ancient dogs fell within mDNA haplogroup A1b, as do the
Australian dingoes and the pre-colonial dogs of the Pacific, but in low frequency in China today. The specimen from the Tianluoshan archaeological site,
237:) by the time Europeans arrived. However, dogs brought on European ships were recognized by the natives when they were introduced as items of trade, indicating a universal cultural recognition of dogs across the islands. While
922:
Duleba, Anna; Skonieczna, Katarzyna; Bogdanowicz, Wiesław; Malyarchuk, Boris; Grzybowski, Tomasz (2015). "Complete mitochondrial genome database and standardized classification system for Canis lupus familiaris".
1228:
Pang, J.-F.; Kluetsch, C.; Zou, X.-J.; Zhang, A.-B.; Luo, L.-Y.; Angleby, H.; Ardalan, A.; Ekstrom, C.; Skollermo, A.; Lundeberg, J.; Matsumura, S.; Leitner, T.; Zhang, Y.-P.; Savolainen, P. (2009).
1435:
Zhang, Ming; Sun, Guoping; Ren, Lele; Yuan, Haibing; Dong, Guanghui; Zhang, Lizhao; Liu, Feng; Cao, Peng; Ko, Albert Min-Shan; Yang, Melinda A.; Hu, Songmei; Wang, Guo-Dong; Fu, Qiaomei (2020).
402:
Arc2. Dogs from Wairau Bar likely represent part of the initial population of dogs introduced to New
Zealand, having arrived with people around the beginning of the fourteenth century.
1277:
356:, the ancient Polynesian Arc2 to modern Polynesian, Indonesian and ancient New Zealand dogs, and the ancient Polynesian Arc1 is indistinguishable from a number of widespread modern
441:
to the entire lineage. The dogs belonging to this haplogroup were once widely distributed in southern China, then dispersed through
Southeast Asia into New Guinea and
1919:
475:
1007:
Greig, Karen; Walter, Richard; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth A. (2015). "Dogs and people in
Southeast Asia and the Pacific". In M. Oxenham & H. Buckley (ed.).
336:. However, Atalaga is killed and dragged into a cave by the monster, which is later slain by Maui-Kijikiji, who wastes away mourning his dead father.
1619:
1199:
Millerstrom, Sidsel N. (2003). "Facts and
Fantasies: the Archaeology of the Marquesan Dog". In Sharyn Jones O'Day; Wim Van Neer; A. Ervynck (eds.).
202:
217:
and the
Marquesas possessed domesticated dog populations after initial settlement that went extinct before the arrival of European explorers. On
1369:
1210:
1068:
1047:
1018:
904:
528:
261:
was an important animal protein source for the human populations of Polynesia. For the most part, they were fed a vegetarian diet of either
2265:
1912:
197:
397:
In 2015, a study looked at the mDNA sequences taken from ancient New Zealand Kurī dog samples discovered at an archaeological site at
1273:"Mitochondrial DNA data indicate an introduction through Mainland Southeast Asia for Australian dingoes and Polynesian domestic dogs"
1492:
1417:
1144:
952:
Greig, Karen; Boocock, James; Prost, Stefan; Horsburgh, K. Ann; Jacomb, Chris; Walter, Richard; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (2015).
870:
1905:
1612:
1230:"MtDNA Data Indicate a Single Origin for Dogs South of Yangtze River, Less Than 16,300 Years Ago, from Numerous Wolves"
2260:
1545:
1109:
94:
510:
1928:
1530:
1105:
1090:
1513:
99:
1409:
1321:
1382:
The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae Or Genus Canis of Authors; Including Also the Genera Hyaena and Proteles
90:
The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae Or Genus Canis of Authors; Including Also the Genera Hyaena and Proteles
2250:
2154:
2134:
2119:
2044:
1999:
1939:
1820:
1605:
296:
with introduced European dog breeds; the declining consumption of dog meat was another contributing factor.
1759:
353:
344:
292:
The distinct breeds of the Polynesian Dog became extinct between the 19th and early 20th centuries due to
77:
1271:
Oskarsson, M. C. R.; Klutsch, C. F. C.; Boonyaprakob, U.; Wilton, A.; Tanabe, Y.; Savolainen, P. (2011).
2034:
2029:
1964:
1835:
470:
438:
2064:
1508:
Luomala, Katharine (1960). Stanley Diamond (ed.). "The Native Dog in the Polynesian System of Values".
2255:
2114:
1897:
1650:
967:
305:
2224:
2214:
2129:
2124:
2024:
2004:
1954:
1830:
506:
309:
257:
The Polynesians raised dogs for companionship and food. Along with domesticated pigs and chickens,
2079:
1700:
1690:
1680:
1578:
1187:
115:
1346:
518:
328:, Maui-Atalaga and his son/brother Maui-Kijikiji attempted to hunt down Fulububuta, an enormous
313:
1969:
1749:
1744:
1586:
1557:
1517:
1496:
1466:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1390:
1380:
1365:
1325:
1304:
1259:
1216:
1206:
1200:
1179:
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1121:
1086:
1074:
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1043:
1033:
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1008:
995:
940:
910:
900:
543:
534:
524:
415:
163:
127:
1355:
890:
2184:
2099:
2059:
2039:
1861:
1794:
1670:
1549:
1456:
1448:
1361:
1294:
1286:
1249:
1241:
1171:
1113:
985:
975:
932:
454:
349:
325:
145:
141:
2164:
2149:
2139:
2104:
2054:
1959:
1685:
1640:
1531:"Additional Eighteenth-Century Sketches of the Polynesian Native Dog, Including the Maori"
383:
348:
Proposed route for the migration of dogs based on mDNA. Haplotype A29 relates most to the
324:, into the first dog, which was used to explain the human characteristics of dogs. In the
270:
246:
226:
172:
81:
238:
1569:
Skinner, Henry Devenish (March 1933). "Origin and Relationships of the Polynesian Dog".
971:
2174:
2159:
2094:
2074:
1949:
1840:
1825:
1695:
1461:
1436:
1339:
1299:
1272:
1254:
1229:
1029:
990:
953:
429:
368:
321:
209:
The distribution of Polynesian dogs on other islands was somewhat patchy. Islands like
184:, this may have been a longer-haired version of the Tahitian Dog. Described by British
61:
386:
found that the two most common dog haplotypes of the Indonesian region, in particular
2244:
2229:
2089:
1994:
1984:
1871:
1856:
1764:
1675:
1191:
514:
425:
293:
218:
188:
177:
159:
2219:
2194:
2189:
2169:
2109:
2049:
1974:
1881:
1812:
1734:
1660:
1655:
1386:
1202:
Behaviour Behind Bones: The Zooarchaeology of Ritual, Religion, Status and Identity
896:
421:
168:
1035:
The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands
1010:
The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands
60:
of the Polynesian dogs indicate that they descended from the domesticated dogs of
1134:
980:
936:
2209:
2019:
367:
evidence indicates that Polynesian dogs descended from the domesticated dogs of
154:
131:
32:
17:
1989:
1774:
1754:
1729:
1590:
1183:
1175:
465:
398:
391:
357:
329:
274:
262:
185:
45:
1500:
1427:
1329:
1220:
1078:
2179:
2014:
1979:
1719:
1561:
1521:
1452:
1245:
1154:
1125:
1039:
914:
538:
376:
210:
53:
1470:
1308:
1290:
1263:
999:
944:
1394:
2199:
1779:
1724:
1710:
958:
434:
333:
258:
181:
1582:
2069:
1866:
1645:
1437:"Ancient DNA evidence from China reveals the expansion of Pacific dogs"
1091:"A History of the Binomial Classification of the Polynesian Native Dog"
442:
317:
308:. They are often associated with the legendary exploits of the demigod
266:
242:
222:
214:
150:
1553:
1162:
Luomala, Katharine (1958). "Polynesian Myths about Maui and the Dog".
1117:
1944:
1665:
841:
1318:
Dog and Man in the Ancient Pacific, with Special Attention to Hawaii
332:
dog, larger than a horse, living in a cave on the Fijian island of
281:, while the larger Kurī predominantly subsisted on a diet of fish.
130:
during their settlement of the far-flung islands, with a few major
2204:
2144:
2084:
1886:
1802:
1784:
1769:
1739:
814:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
523:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 575–577.
460:
445:, but were replaced in China 2,000 YBP by dogs of other lineages.
372:
343:
285:
234:
230:
196:
65:
1597:
520:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
387:
278:
1901:
1601:
1136:
Maui-of-a-thousand-tricks: His Oceanic and European Biographers
2009:
580:
578:
576:
574:
364:
57:
49:
1028:
Greig, K; Walter, R; Matisoo-Smith, L (2016). Marc Oxenham;
954:"Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of New Zealand's First Dogs"
229:. They were virtually absent from Western Polynesia (i.e.,
1405:
The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric Life of New Zealand
784:
769:
668:
1278:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
420:
In 2020, an mDNA study of ancient dog fossils from the
1357:
The Dingo Debate: Origins, Behaviour and Conservation
892:
Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies
826:
1849:
1811:
1793:
1709:
1633:
221:, no evidence or traces of dogs have been found in
126:These dogs were introduced by the ancestors of the
1929:Extinct dog breeds, varieties, landraces and types
1338:
225:around the island or in the oral tradition of the
1510:Culture in History: Essays in Honor of Paul Radin
1577:(1). Wellington: The Polynesian Society: 16–18.
810:
808:
806:
804:
853:
371:and may have shared a remote ancestor with the
64:and may have shared a remote ancestor with the
1316:Titcomb, Margaret; Pukui, Mary Kawena (1969).
716:
476:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
1913:
1613:
1013:. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. pp. 462–482.
837:
835:
457:, an extinct breed of pariah dog from Hawaiʻi
8:
1402:Worthy, T. H.; Holdaway, Richard N. (2002).
780:
778:
765:
763:
761:
704:
644:
632:
620:
608:
596:
584:
1345:. University of California Press. pp.
728:
375:. The study of mtDNA show they carried two
1920:
1906:
1898:
1620:
1606:
1598:
406:Indian subcontinent and 16% in East Asia.
1489:Master of Library and Information Studies
1460:
1298:
1253:
1170:(1). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter: 139–162.
989:
979:
110:Linneaus, 1758 ". Wozencraft then listed
1063:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
925:Forensic Science International: Genetics
31:
752:
740:
692:
565:
486:
203:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1139:. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum.
770:Greig, Walter & Matisoo-Smith 2016
669:Greig, Walter & Matisoo-Smith 2015
410:Dogs enter Oceania from southern China
316:, Māui transformed his brother-in-law
27:Several extinct domestic dog varieties
1571:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
1324:Special Publications. pp. 1–48.
795:
680:
493:
7:
2025:Dumfriesshire Black and Tan Foxhound
656:
1205:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxbow Book.
437:province dates to 7,000 YBP and is
382:In 2011, the mDNA of dogs from the
304:Dogs were an important part of the
98:published in 2005, the mammalogist
1320:. Vol. 59. Honolulu, Hawaii:
36:Geographic definition of Polynesia
25:
1529:Luomala, Katharine (April 1962).
1493:Victoria University of Wellington
249:at the time of European arrival.
241:brought dogs to New Zealand, the
1379:Smith, Charles Hamilton (1840).
76:In 1839, the British naturalist
1441:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1234:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1486:Clout, Stephanie Dale (2003).
1:
1341:Ancient Voyagers in Polynesia
981:10.1371/journal.pone.0138536
937:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.06.014
134:developing isolated breeds.
1546:Pacific Science Association
1133:Luomala, Katharine (1949).
1110:Pacific Science Association
95:Mammal Species of the World
2282:
2266:Extinct animals of Oceania
1512:(1st ed.). New York:
1106:University of Hawaii Press
889:Diamond, Jared M. (1997).
755:, pp. 49–50, 202–203.
743:, pp. 49–50, 202–203.
717:Worthy & Holdaway 2002
413:
92:. In the third edition of
48:varieties of domesticated
1935:
1514:Columbia University Press
1176:10.1515/fabl.1959.2.1.139
1060:Inventing 'Easter Island'
568:, pp. 193, 203, 221.
100:W. Christopher Wozencraft
1410:Indiana University Press
1322:Bernice P. Bishop Museum
705:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
645:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
633:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
621:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
609:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
597:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
585:Titcomb & Pukui 1969
517:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
137:Notable breeds include:
122:History and distribution
116:junior taxonomic synonym
114:C. E. H. Smith, 1839 as
2135:Old Welsh Grey Sheepdog
2120:Old Croatian Sighthound
2045:Grand Fauve de Bretagne
1354:Smith, Bradley (2015).
1057:Haun, Beverley (2008).
2155:Saint John's water dog
1760:New Guinea singing dog
1337:Sharp, Andrew (1964).
1291:10.1098/rspb.2011.1395
361:
354:New Guinea Singing Dog
253:Relationship to humans
206:
118:for the domestic dog.
102:listed under the wolf
78:Charles Hamilton Smith
37:
2035:English White Terrier
2030:English Water Spaniel
1965:Black and Tan Terrier
1453:10.1093/molbev/msz311
1349:–. GGKEY:XL03UTGXNLD.
1246:10.1093/molbev/msp195
815:Oskarsson et al. 2011
471:Philippine forest dog
414:Further information:
347:
200:
35:
2115:North Country Beagle
2000:Córdoba fighting dog
1940:African hairless dog
1836:Peruvian Inca Orchid
1821:African hairless dog
1042:. pp. 471–475.
306:Polynesian narrative
180:– introduced to the
171:– introduced to the
162:– introduced to the
144:– introduced to the
52:from the islands of
2225:Tweed Water Spaniel
2215:Toy Trawler Spaniel
2130:Old Spanish Pointer
2125:Old English Bulldog
2005:Cumberland Sheepdog
1955:Argentine polar dog
1831:Chinese Crested Dog
1408:. Bloomington, IN:
972:2015PLoSO..1038536G
731:, pp. 144–152.
671:, pp. 462–482.
496:, pp. 210–212.
245:had no dogs in the
2261:Extinct dog breeds
2080:Lapponian Shepherd
2065:King's White Hound
1701:Podenco Valenciano
1691:Portuguese Podengo
1681:Phu Quoc Ridgeback
1087:Luomala, Katharine
844:, pp. 123–129
842:Duleba et al. 2015
829:, pp. 2849–64
817:, pp. 967–974
772:, pp. 471–475
362:
284:They never became
207:
80:gave this dog the
38:
2238:
2237:
1970:Blue Paul Terrier
1895:
1894:
1745:Indian pariah dog
1651:Cirneco dell'Etna
1371:978-1-4863-0030-3
1285:(1730): 967–974.
1212:978-1-78297-913-5
1070:978-0-8020-9888-7
1049:978-1-138-77818-4
1020:978-1-317-53401-3
906:978-0-393-03891-0
871:"Canis pacificus"
854:Zhang et al. 2020
785:Greig et al. 2015
647:, pp. 30–32.
635:, pp. 24–30.
623:, pp. 32–33.
611:, pp. 40–47.
530:978-0-8018-8221-0
511:"Order Carnivora"
507:Wozencraft, W. C.
416:Canis lupus dingo
379:: Arc1 and Arc2.
164:Marquesas Islands
128:Polynesian people
88:in his 1840 book
16:(Redirected from
2273:
2185:Tahltan Bear Dog
2100:Moscow Water Dog
2060:Hawaiian Poi Dog
2040:Fila da Terceira
1922:
1915:
1908:
1899:
1862:Hawaiian Poi Dog
1671:Pampas Deerhound
1634:Primitive hounds
1622:
1615:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1565:
1535:
1525:
1504:
1474:
1464:
1447:(5): 1462–1469.
1431:
1398:
1375:
1362:CSIRO Publishing
1350:
1344:
1333:
1312:
1302:
1267:
1257:
1224:
1195:
1158:
1129:
1104:(13). Honolulu:
1095:
1082:
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1024:
1003:
993:
983:
966:(10): e0138536.
948:
918:
885:
883:
881:
857:
851:
845:
839:
830:
827:Pang et al. 2009
824:
818:
812:
799:
793:
787:
782:
773:
767:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
729:Millerstrom 2003
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684:
678:
672:
666:
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648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
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606:
600:
599:, pp. 2–24.
594:
588:
587:, pp. 1–48.
582:
569:
563:
546:
542:
503:
497:
491:
455:Hawaiian Poi Dog
350:Australian Dingo
326:Tongan narrative
153:– introduced to
146:Hawaiian Islands
142:Hawaiian Poi Dog
44:refers to a few
21:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2165:Salish Wool Dog
2150:Russian tracker
2140:Paisley Terrier
2105:Norfolk Spaniel
2055:Hare Indian Dog
1960:Belgian Mastiff
1931:
1926:
1896:
1891:
1845:
1813:Hairless breeds
1807:
1789:
1705:
1686:Podenco Canario
1641:Podenco Andaluz
1629:
1626:
1568:
1544:(2). Honolulu:
1538:Pacific Science
1533:
1528:
1507:
1485:
1482:
1480:Further reading
1477:
1434:
1420:
1401:
1378:
1372:
1353:
1336:
1315:
1270:
1240:(12): 2849–64.
1227:
1213:
1198:
1161:
1147:
1132:
1098:Pacific Science
1093:
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1071:
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505:
504:
500:
492:
488:
484:
451:
418:
412:
384:Malay Peninsula
342:
340:Genetic studies
314:Māori narrative
312:. According to
302:
255:
247:Chatham Islands
227:Rapa Nui people
201:Kurī specimen,
173:Society Islands
124:
112:Canis pacificus
86:Canis pacificus
82:scientific name
74:
28:
23:
22:
18:Polynesian dogs
15:
12:
11:
5:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2251:Polynesian Dog
2243:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2175:Southern Hound
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:Sakhalin Husky
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
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2042:
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Alpine Mastiff
1947:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Polynesian Dog
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1850:Extinct breeds
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1841:Xoloitzcuintle
1838:
1833:
1828:
1826:Argentine Pila
1823:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
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1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1696:Thai Ridgeback
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:Primitive dogs
1627:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1566:
1526:
1505:
1491:. Wellington:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1432:
1418:
1399:
1376:
1370:
1351:
1334:
1313:
1268:
1225:
1211:
1196:
1159:
1145:
1130:
1083:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1030:Hallie Buckley
1025:
1019:
1004:
949:
919:
905:
886:
866:
864:
861:
859:
858:
846:
831:
819:
800:
788:
774:
757:
745:
733:
721:
719:, p. 536.
709:
697:
685:
683:, p. 120.
673:
661:
659:, p. 242.
649:
637:
625:
613:
601:
589:
570:
547:
529:
498:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
450:
447:
430:southern China
411:
408:
369:Southeast Asia
341:
338:
301:
298:
254:
251:
195:
194:
193:
192:
166:
157:
148:
123:
120:
73:
70:
62:Southeast Asia
42:Polynesian Dog
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2231:
2230:Welsh Hillman
2228:
2226:
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2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
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2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
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2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
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2148:
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2143:
2141:
2138:
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2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
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2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Marquesan Dog
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
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2048:
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2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Chiribaya Dog
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Bullenbeisser
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
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1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
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1930:
1923:
1918:
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1911:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:Marquesan Dog
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:Chiribaya Dog
1855:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
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1827:
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1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Sinhala Hound
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
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1741:
1738:
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1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Pharaoh Hound
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
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1425:
1421:
1419:0-253-34034-9
1415:
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1406:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:. Edinburgh:
1384:
1383:
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1363:
1360:. Melbourne:
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1197:
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1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1146:9780527023065
1142:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1089:(July 1960).
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1038:. Oxford UK:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1016:
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1011:
1005:
1001:
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987:
982:
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916:
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902:
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893:
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876:
872:
868:
867:
862:
855:
850:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
823:
820:
816:
811:
809:
807:
805:
801:
798:, p. 72.
797:
792:
789:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
746:
742:
737:
734:
730:
725:
722:
718:
713:
710:
706:
701:
698:
695:, p. 60.
694:
689:
686:
682:
677:
674:
670:
665:
662:
658:
653:
650:
646:
641:
638:
634:
629:
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598:
593:
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586:
581:
579:
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562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
548:
545:
540:
536:
532:
526:
522:
521:
516:
515:Wilson, D. E.
512:
508:
502:
499:
495:
490:
487:
481:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
456:
453:
452:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
431:
427:
426:Yangtze River
423:
417:
409:
407:
403:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
359:
355:
351:
346:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:, husband of
319:
315:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
294:interbreeding
290:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:Easter Island
216:
212:
204:
199:
190:
189:Georg Forster
187:
183:
179:
178:Tuamotuan Dog
176:
175:
174:
170:
167:
165:
161:
160:Marquesan Dog
158:
156:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
133:
129:
121:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
83:
79:
71:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
34:
30:
19:
2220:Turnspit dog
2195:Talbot Hound
2190:Tahitian Dog
2170:Sleuth hound
2110:Norman Hound
2050:Halls Heeler
1975:Braque Dupuy
1882:Tahitian Dog
1876:
1735:Carolina Dog
1661:Ibizan Hound
1656:Cretan Hound
1574:
1570:
1541:
1537:
1509:
1487:
1444:
1440:
1404:
1387:W. H. Lizars
1381:
1356:
1340:
1317:
1282:
1276:
1237:
1233:
1201:
1167:
1163:
1135:
1101:
1097:
1059:
1034:
1009:
963:
957:
928:
924:
897:W. W. Norton
895:. New York:
891:
878:. Retrieved
875:IBIS-Mammals
874:
863:Bibliography
849:
822:
791:
753:Luomala 1949
748:
741:Luomala 1958
736:
724:
712:
707:, p. 1.
700:
693:Diamond 1997
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
628:
616:
604:
592:
566:Luomala 1960
544:Google Books
519:
501:
489:
422:Yellow River
419:
404:
396:
381:
363:
303:
300:In mythology
291:
283:
256:
208:
169:Tahitian Dog
136:
132:archipelagos
125:
111:
107:
103:
93:
89:
85:
75:
41:
39:
29:
2256:Dog as food
2210:Toy Bulldog
2020:Dogo Cubano
1548:: 170–180.
1516:: 190–240.
1112:: 193–223.
931:: 123–129.
263:breadfruits
155:New Zealand
106:the taxon "
104:Canis lupus
2245:Categories
1990:Chien-gris
1775:Taiwan Dog
1730:Canaan Dog
1591:6015261167
1554:10125/5950
1184:4958364642
1118:10125/8347
796:Smith 2015
681:Sharp 1964
494:Smith 1840
482:References
466:Taiwan dog
428:basins of
399:Wairau Bar
392:Kalimantan
377:haplotypes
358:haplotypes
330:man-eating
277:made from
186:naturalist
108:familiaris
2180:Staghound
2015:Dalbo dog
1980:Buckhound
1795:Wild dogs
1720:Africanis
1501:904068456
1428:248051318
1330:925631874
1221:891457752
1192:161088509
1079:166687891
1040:Routledge
880:14 August
657:Haun 2008
211:Mangareva
54:Polynesia
2200:Techichi
2095:Molossus
2075:Laconian
1780:Telomian
1725:Alopekis
1711:Landrace
1583:20702465
1562:16324444
1522:16324448
1471:31913480
1309:21900326
1264:19723671
1155:16792306
1126:78130351
1032:(eds.).
1000:26444283
959:PLoS ONE
945:26218982
915:60820242
539:62265494
509:(2005).
449:See also
435:Zhejiang
352:and the
334:Moturiki
267:coconuts
259:dog meat
182:Tuamotus
72:Taxonomy
1755:Lài dog
1646:Basenji
1462:7182212
1300:3259930
1255:2775109
991:4596854
968:Bibcode
443:Oceania
318:Irawaru
243:Moriori
223:middens
215:Tokelau
46:extinct
1945:Alaunt
1666:Maneto
1589:
1581:
1560:
1520:
1499:
1469:
1459:
1426:
1416:
1395:860931
1393:
1368:
1328:
1307:
1297:
1262:
1252:
1219:
1209:
1190:
1182:
1164:Fabula
1153:
1143:
1124:
1077:
1067:
1046:
1017:
998:
988:
943:
913:
903:
537:
527:
205:, 1924
2205:Tesem
2145:Rache
2085:Limer
1887:Tesem
1803:Dingo
1785:Tugou
1770:Spitz
1750:Laika
1740:Husky
1579:JSTOR
1534:(PDF)
1188:S2CID
1094:(PDF)
513:. In
461:Askal
439:basal
373:dingo
286:feral
239:Māori
235:Tonga
231:Samoa
66:dingo
2070:Kurī
1867:Kurī
1713:dogs
1587:OCLC
1558:OCLC
1518:OCLC
1497:OCLC
1467:PMID
1424:OCLC
1414:ISBN
1391:OCLC
1366:ISBN
1326:OCLC
1305:PMID
1260:PMID
1217:OCLC
1207:ISBN
1180:OCLC
1151:OCLC
1141:ISBN
1122:OCLC
1075:OCLC
1065:ISBN
1044:ISBN
1015:ISBN
996:PMID
941:PMID
911:OCLC
901:ISBN
882:2018
535:OCLC
525:ISBN
424:and
390:and
388:Bali
322:Hina
310:Māui
279:taro
271:yams
233:and
151:Kurī
50:dogs
40:The
2010:Cur
1550:hdl
1457:PMC
1449:doi
1347:120
1295:PMC
1287:doi
1283:279
1250:PMC
1242:doi
1172:doi
1114:hdl
986:PMC
976:doi
933:doi
365:DNA
275:poi
273:or
84:of
58:DNA
2247::
1585:.
1575:42
1573:.
1556:.
1542:16
1540:.
1536:.
1495:.
1465:.
1455:.
1445:37
1443:.
1439:.
1422:.
1412:.
1389:.
1364:.
1303:.
1293:.
1281:.
1275:.
1258:.
1248:.
1238:26
1236:.
1232:.
1215:.
1186:.
1178:.
1166:.
1149:.
1120:.
1108:/
1102:14
1100:.
1096:.
1073:.
994:.
984:.
974:.
964:10
962:.
956:.
939:.
929:19
927:.
909:.
899:.
873:.
834:^
803:^
777:^
760:^
573:^
550:^
533:.
269:,
265:,
213:,
68:.
1921:e
1914:t
1907:v
1621:e
1614:t
1607:v
1593:.
1564:.
1552::
1524:.
1503:.
1473:.
1451::
1430:.
1397:.
1374:.
1332:.
1311:.
1289::
1266:.
1244::
1223:.
1194:.
1174::
1168:2
1157:.
1128:.
1116::
1081:.
1052:.
1023:.
1002:.
978::
970::
947:.
935::
917:.
884:.
856:.
541:.
360:.
191:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
