44:
557:
530:
494:
518:
62:
542:
2112:
506:
825:
460:
pods can occur by 4–6 years. The brown seed pods appear immediately after flowering, and mature in 10 to 11 months. The pods are thick-walled, smooth, somewhat flattened, and elliptical, but slightly curved with a short, curved point. The pods contain within them one or two bean-like brownish-red
868:
as a food source for cattle, sheep, and poultry, as its byproduct contains up to 30% protein. As adaptive uses are increasing, the tree is being planted in former citrus growing regions that have declined in
Florida and California because of disease and climate change conditions.
820:
ponds up to 6 m (20 ft) in water depth without losing its greenery and remaining useful for biodiesel production. Studies have shown seedlings with tolerance to salinity levels between 12 and 19 dS/m, with an ability to tolerate salinity stresses of 32.5 dS/m.
594:
foothills, it is not found above 600 m. Withstanding temperatures slightly below 0 °C (32 °F) and up to about 50 °C (122 °F) and annual rainfall of 500–2,500 mm (20–98 in), the tree grows wild on sandy and rocky soils, including
746:
for plants. The bark may be used to make twine or rope, and it also yields a black gum that has historically been used to treat wounds caused by poisonous fish. The wood is said to be beautifully grained, but splits easily when sawn, thus relegating it to
1211:
Wendy E. Cooper, Darren M. Crayn, Frank A. Zich, Rebecca E. Miller, Melissa
Harrison, Lars Nauheimer "A review of Austrocallerya and Pongamia (Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae) in Australia, and the description of a new monotypic genus, Ibatiria,"
461:
seeds, but because they do not split open naturally, the pods need to decompose before the seeds can germinate. The seeds are about 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in) long with a brittle, oily coat, and are unpalatable in natural form to herbivores.
425:
at the base, ovate or oblong along the length, obtuse-acuminate at the apex, and not toothed on the edges. They are a soft, shiny burgundy when young, and mature to a glossy, deep green as the season progresses, with prominent veins underneath.
656:
is now broadly distributed across India, Asia, Africa, northern
Australia, and the Pacific and Caribbean Islands and it has been cultivated and transported since the nineteenth century or earlier. As a result, some literature declares
412:
for short periods. It has a straight or crooked trunk, 50–80 cm (20–30 in) in diameter, with grey-brown bark, which is smooth or vertically fissured. Its wood is white colored. Branches are glabrous with pale
853:
as a biofuel is commercially valuable to the rural populations of places such as India and
Bangladesh, where the plant grows abundantly, because it can support the socioeconomic development of these areas.
1561:
Scott, Paul T.; Pregelj, Lisette; Chen, Ning; Hadler, Johanna S.; Djordjevic, Michael A.; Gresshoff, Peter M. (2008). "Pongamia pinnata: An
Untapped Resource for the Biofuels Industry of the Future".
3075:
765:
seeds generally contain oil (27-39%), protein (17-37%), starch (6-7%), crude fiber (5-7%), moisture (15-20%), and ash content (2-3%). Nearly half of the oil content of
2884:
2590:
2319:
1989:
2629:
2345:
1603:
Heuzé V., Tran G., Delagarde R., Hassoun P., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2017. Karanja (Millettia pinnata). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
556:
2995:
1994:
1617:
3030:
2845:
2538:
2267:
1146:
2897:
2858:
2603:
2551:
2332:
2280:
935:
926:
2923:
2793:
1004:
3070:
3055:
2062:
586:
to north and northeastern
Australia to some Pacific islands; It has been propagated and distributed farther around the world in humid and
1649:
1275:"A critical review of Pongamia pinnata multiple applications: From land remediation and carbon sequestration to socioeconomic benefits"
661:
naturalized in Africa and certain parts of the United States, while its status as naturalized or native is uncertain in other regions.
3065:
3060:
3000:
1536:
1095:
861:, simple processing techniques, and diesel generators to create their own grid systems to run water pumps and electric lighting.
1393:"Effect of soil salinity and sodicity on seedling growth and mineral composition of Pongamia pinnata and Araucaria cunninghamii"
1188:
1115:
2871:
2577:
2306:
493:
478:
number of 22. Root nodules are of the determinate type (as those on soybean and common bean) formed by the causative bacterium
43:
2902:
517:
2608:
2337:
999:
3045:
1252:
931:
3035:
1746:
809:. These compounds induce nausea and vomiting if ingested in its natural form. The fruits, sprouts and seeds are used in
2009:
3025:
2780:
2473:
2189:
2092:
2082:
529:
3020:
2936:
2678:
2394:
1492:"Development of Pongamia pinnata as an alternative biofuel crop — current status and scope of plantations in India"
1037:
900:
678:
226:
2634:
2350:
3050:
3015:
2067:
1945:
602:
The tree is well suited to intense heat and sunlight, and its dense network of lateral roots and its thick, long
61:
2399:
3040:
3010:
2798:
2041:
2014:
751:, posts, and tool handles. The tree's deep taproot and drought tolerance makes this tree ideal for controlling
2941:
2683:
1229:
541:
3005:
2525:
2254:
1642:
635:
2837:
2530:
2517:
371:, native to eastern and tropical Asia, Australia, and the Pacific islands. It is the sole species in genus
2832:
2512:
2241:
2132:
1999:
829:
2751:
1338:"Performance of some forest tree species in saline soils under shallow and saline water-table conditions"
2863:
2381:
2259:
2246:
1143:
1071:
1030:
1010:
582:
The species is naturally distributed in tropical and temperate Asia, from India to Japan to
Thailand to
205:
2556:
2454:
1167:
742:
or for shade due to the large canopy and showy, fragrant flowers. The flowers are used by gardeners as
2285:
1274:
917:
892:
2990:
2644:
2360:
2215:
1775:
1570:
1423:
1349:
1286:
845:, it is being explored in hundreds of projects throughout India and the third world as feedstock for
817:
810:
606:
make it drought tolerant. The dense shade it provides slows the evaporation of surface water and its
505:
563:
2097:
1618:
Pongamia trees grow where citrus once flourished, offering renewable energy and plant-based protein
2962:
2928:
2704:
2504:
2407:
2115:
1916:
1741:
1729:
1635:
1586:
1511:
1373:
1318:
318:
271:
56:
2889:
2595:
2386:
1055:
Manual of The Larger and More
Important Non-Dipterocarp Trees of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
2806:
2652:
2486:
2368:
2324:
2202:
2036:
1928:
1439:
1365:
1310:
1302:
611:
596:
1414:
Karmee, SK; Chadha, A (2005). "Preparation of biodiesel from crude oil of
Pongamia pinnata".
453:
is a rounded ovate shape with basal auricles and often with a central blotch of green color.
2657:
2621:
2373:
1968:
1879:
1719:
1578:
1503:
1470:
1431:
1357:
1294:
842:
405:
1459:"Prospect of Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) in Bangladesh: A Sustainable Source of Liquid Fuel"
1392:
2077:
1939:
1889:
1801:
1540:
1150:
1072:"Pongamia pinnata; Fabaceae - Papilionoideae; (L.) Pierre; pongam, karanj, karanga, kanji"
806:
429:
Flowering generally starts after 3–4 years with small clusters of white, purple, and pink
99:
1574:
1427:
1353:
1290:
2762:
2665:
2170:
480:
86:
2984:
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1753:
1491:
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790:
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438:
418:
222:
1590:
1377:
958:
2967:
2811:
2709:
2491:
2412:
2207:
2029:
1899:
1736:
1694:
1674:
1515:
1435:
858:
774:
752:
708:
638:
species, as it can survive total submergence in water for few months continuously.
607:
567:
2785:
2772:
2465:
2194:
2181:
1298:
643:
2478:
2439:
2745:
2564:
2448:
2293:
2164:
2072:
2024:
2019:
2004:
1812:
1790:
1763:
1724:
1709:
1684:
587:
468:
457:
165:
17:
2736:
2155:
1963:
1933:
1869:
1714:
1679:
1582:
1507:
835:
The seed oil has been found to be useful in diesel generators, and along with
770:
756:
475:
422:
1369:
1306:
404:
tree that grows to about 15–25 m (50–80 ft) in height with a large
2915:
2819:
2228:
2057:
1973:
1874:
1699:
1658:
1273:
Degani, Erika; Prasad, M. V. R.; Paradkar, Anant; et al. (2022-12-15).
846:
794:
786:
739:
738:
zones, and has many traditional uses. It is often used for landscaping as a
691:
591:
409:
155:
2954:
2696:
1443:
1314:
824:
590:
environments from sea level to 1,360 m (Chingola, Zambia), although in the
1475:
1458:
2949:
2730:
2691:
2433:
2149:
1922:
1847:
1837:
1780:
995:
837:
798:
778:
748:
647:
623:
615:
442:
368:
145:
112:
1053:
Argent, G., A. Saridan, EJF. Campbell, & P. Wilkie. "Leguminosae".
2910:
2850:
2543:
2499:
2272:
1864:
1858:
1807:
1689:
1666:
1361:
743:
603:
599:, and will grow in most soil types, even with its roots in salt water.
583:
471:
414:
135:
2569:
2298:
1604:
1910:
1842:
1758:
1704:
1337:
802:
434:
430:
401:
251:
182:
125:
2311:
2126:
1100:: 198-9. Bangkok :FAO and Wetlands International. ISBN 974-7946-85-8
2876:
2824:
2582:
2233:
1884:
1827:
1817:
1770:
1217:
450:
446:
73:
1094:
Giesen, W., S. Wulffraat, M. Zierenand & L. Scholten (2007).
1852:
1822:
782:
735:
548:
421:
leaves of the tree alternate and are short-stalked, rounded, or
2130:
1631:
2220:
1832:
1070:
Orwa C.; Mutua A.; Kindt R.; Jamnadass R.; Simons A. (2009).
408:
that spreads equally wide and creates dense shade. It may be
1627:
1457:
Halder, P. K.; Paul, N.; Beg, M. R. A. (18 December 2014).
445:
and grow to be 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in) long. The
449:
of the flowers is bell-shaped and truncated, while the
1253:"Rain water harvesting by fresh water flooded forests"
1144:
Pongamia pinnata - a nitrogen fixing tree for oilseed
793:. Its disagreeable taste and odor are due to bitter
685:. In 1984, Robert Geesink concluded that species of
2720:
2423:
2139:
2050:
1982:
1898:
1789:
1665:
1990:Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
1490:Kesari, Vigya; Rangan, Latha (September 2010).
1168:"Factsheet from New crops at Purdue University"
630:, a form of nitrogen available to the plant).
1643:
828:Pacific Renewable Energy trial plantation in
8:
1065:
1063:
1057::366. Samarinda: Forest Research Institute.
695:were easily confused, and consolidated the
441:bear two to four flowers that are strongly
2127:
1650:
1636:
1628:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1009:. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research,
42:
31:
1995:Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
1496:Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
1474:
1336:Tomar, O. S.; Gupta, R. K. (1985-10-01).
1162:
1160:
1158:
1110:
1108:
1106:
969:. United States Department of Agriculture
857:Several unelectrified villages have used
3076:Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre
1049:
1047:
823:
719:, the sole species in the revived genus
367:is a species of tree in the pea family,
936:United States Department of Agriculture
927:Germplasm Resources Information Network
878:
614:, a symbiotic process by which gaseous
489:
284:
1116:"Weed Risk Assessment : Pongamia"
989:
987:
985:
983:
953:
951:
912:
910:
888:
886:
884:
882:
715:, and the species was reclassified as
27:Species of tree in the family Fabaceae
1097:Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia
1005:Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants
7:
2645:74ffc4c5-970b-4c22-9e1a-8e46654aa0e9
2361:3ea825a6-6b48-46a1-9023-d4642d8df1e6
2063:Cellulosic ethanol commercialization
1403:(2): 124–130 – via CAB Direct.
864:Research indicates potential use of
773:. Oil made from the seeds, known as
433:blossoming throughout the year. The
1605:https://www.feedipedia.org/node/636
1279:Journal of Environmental Management
1216:, 32(4), 363-384, (29 August 2019)
1077:. Agroforestry Database version 4.0
703:. Subsequent studies revealed that
669:The species was first described as
377:. It is often known by the synonym
2400:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30023711-2
25:
622:) from the air is converted into
2996:Flora of the Indian subcontinent
2942:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:947217-1
2684:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:515679-1
2111:
2110:
1621:, Associated Press, July 6, 2024
789:. The oil has a high content of
555:
540:
528:
516:
504:
492:
60:
3031:Flora of the Northern Territory
1218:https://doi.org/10.1071/SB18039
1000:"Pongamia pinnata var. pinnata"
341:Domin (1926), not validly publ.
1436:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.011
1041:. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
904:. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
1:
1299:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116297
1170:. Hort.purdue.edu. 1998-01-08
998:; T. Whiffen; R.A. Kerrigan.
932:Agricultural Research Service
1214:Australian Systematic Botany
474:legume tree, with a diploid
3071:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3056:Biodiesel feedstock sources
2093:Issues relating to biofuels
2083:Energy return on investment
1463:Journal of Renewable Energy
381:. Its common names include
329:Vent. (1803), nom. superfl.
3092:
1189:"Pongamia Risk Assessment"
1038:Plants of the World Online
901:Plants of the World Online
679:Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre
2106:
2068:Energy content of biofuel
1583:10.1007/s12155-008-9003-0
1539:. Tve.org. Archived from
1508:10.1007/s12892-010-0064-1
636:freshwater flooded forest
277:
270:
239:
234:
211:
204:
57:Scientific classification
55:
50:
41:
34:
3066:Plants described in 1753
2042:Thermal depolymerization
2015:Industrial biotechnology
797:constituents, including
3061:Sustainable agriculture
3001:Flora of Southeast Asia
2010:Fischer–Tropsch process
2000:Biomass heating systems
1416:Bioresource Technology
832:
830:Caboolture, Queensland
646:lake swamp forests in
2382:Paleobiology Database
1011:Australian Government
827:
3046:Fabales of Australia
1230:"Pongamia Factsheet"
959:"Plants profile for
818:rainwater harvesting
811:traditional medicine
642:trees are common in
562:Pods, Rempek beach,
3036:Flora of Queensland
2098:Sustainable biofuel
1575:2008BioER...1....2S
1476:10.1155/2014/647324
1428:2005BiTec..96.1425K
1354:1985PlSoi..87..329T
1291:2022JEnvM.32416297D
816:It can be grown in
777:, has been used as
734:is well-adapted to
681:reclassified it as
3026:Flora of Melanesia
1563:BioEnergy Research
1362:10.1007/BF02181900
1149:2016-01-17 at the
963:(pongame oiltree)"
833:
677:in 1753. In 1898,
293:(L.) Kuntze (1891)
185:(1763), nom. cons.
3021:Flora of Papuasia
2978:
2977:
2799:Millettia_pinnata
2752:Millettia pinnata
2722:Millettia pinnata
2653:Open Tree of Life
2369:Open Tree of Life
2133:Taxon identifiers
2124:
2123:
2037:Sabatier reaction
1615:Frisaro, Freida,
1543:on April 26, 2012
1391:Singh, K (1990).
1121:. Daff.qld.gov.au
961:Millettia pinnata
705:Millettia pinnata
612:nitrogen fixation
597:oolitic limestone
578:Range and habitat
379:Millettia pinnata
360:
359:
330:
314:Millettia pinnata
310:
309:(L.) Taub. (1894)
302:
186:
16:(Redirected from
3083:
3051:Biofuel in India
3016:Flora of Malesia
2971:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
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2880:
2879:
2867:
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2508:
2507:
2495:
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2469:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2455:Pongamia pinnata
2444:
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2442:
2425:Pongamia pinnata
2416:
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2402:
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2185:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2128:
2114:
2113:
1958:Pongamia pinnata
1652:
1645:
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1613:
1607:
1601:
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1558:
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1404:
1397:Tropical Ecology
1388:
1382:
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978:
977:
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955:
946:
945:
943:
942:
914:
905:
894:Pongamia pinnata
890:
763:Pongamia pinnata
732:Pongamia pinnata
717:Pongamia pinnata
683:Pongamia pinnata
671:Cytisus pinnatus
559:
544:
532:
520:
508:
496:
465:Pongamia pinnata
398:Pongamia pinnata
364:Pongamia pinnata
350:
342:
334:Pongamia pinnata
328:
322:
308:
306:Galedupa pinnata
300:
298:Cytisus pinnatus
294:
259:Pongamia pinnata
255:
243:Pongamia pinnata
217:
215:Pongamia pinnata
181:
65:
64:
46:
32:
21:
18:Pongamia pinnata
3091:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3041:Fabales of Asia
3011:Flora of Taiwan
2981:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
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2935:
2927:
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2201:
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2188:
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2178:
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2168:
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2154:
2153:
2148:
2135:
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2078:Energy forestry
2046:
1978:
1940:Jatropha curcas
1901:
1894:
1802:Camelina sativa
1792:
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807:karanjachromene
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499:In Oahu, Hawaii
497:
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387:Pongame oiltree
356:
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326:Pongamia glabra
316:
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180:
59:
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3006:Flora of Japan
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2968:wfo-0000206856
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1929:Chinese tallow
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1608:
1596:
1553:
1537:"On Biodiesel"
1528:
1502:(3): 127–137.
1482:
1449:
1422:(13): 1425–9.
1406:
1383:
1348:(3): 329–335.
1342:Plant and Soil
1328:
1265:
1244:
1221:
1204:
1180:
1154:
1131:
1102:
1087:
1059:
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979:
967:PLANTS Profile
947:
906:
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728:
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481:Bradyrhizobium
439:inflorescences
394:
391:
358:
357:
355:
354:
352:
351:
343:
331:
323:
311:
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295:
290:Cajum pinnatum
286:
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2999:
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2134:
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2117:
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2089:
2088:Food vs. fuel
2086:
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1730:vegetable oil
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796:
792:
791:triglycerides
788:
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768:
764:
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758:
754:
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745:
741:
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733:
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724:
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718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:species into
698:
694:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:Carl Linnaeus
672:
664:
662:
660:
655:
651:
649:
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637:
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609:
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569:
565:
558:
553:
550:
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538:
531:
526:
523:Pollen grains
519:
514:
511:Inflorescence
507:
502:
495:
490:
485:
483:
482:
477:
473:
470:
466:
462:
459:
456:Croppings of
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
424:
420:
419:imparipinnate
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
392:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:
349:(Lam.) Bennet
347:
346:Derris indica
344:
339:
335:
332:
327:
324:
320:
315:
312:
307:
304:
299:
296:
291:
288:
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260:
257:
253:
248:
244:
241:
240:
238:
233:
228:
224:
218:
216:
210:
207:
206:Binomial name
203:
199:
198:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
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151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
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127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Tracheophytes
85:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2721:
2424:
2140:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1921:
1917:Big bluestem
1909:
1902:energy crops
1857:
1800:
1616:
1611:
1599:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1499:
1495:
1485:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1257:. Retrieved
1255:. Scribd.com
1247:
1236:. Retrieved
1224:
1213:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1123:. Retrieved
1096:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1054:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1014:. Retrieved
1003:
971:. Retrieved
966:
960:
939:. Retrieved
925:
919:
899:
893:
865:
863:
859:pongamia oil
856:
850:
836:
834:
815:
801:, pongamol,
775:pongamia oil
766:
762:
761:
755:and binding
753:soil erosion
731:
730:
720:
716:
712:
709:paraphyletic
704:
700:
696:
690:
686:
682:
670:
668:
658:
653:
652:
639:
631:
608:root nodules
601:
581:
568:North Lombok
547:Leaves with
479:
464:
463:
455:
428:
397:
396:
386:
383:Indian beech
382:
378:
373:
372:
363:
362:
361:
345:
337:
333:
325:
313:
305:
297:
289:
262:
258:
246:
242:
214:
212:
196:
195:
176:
175:
119:
106:
93:
80:
35:
29:
2991:Millettieae
2746:Wikispecies
2565:iNaturalist
2449:Wikispecies
2294:iNaturalist
2165:Wikispecies
2073:Energy crop
2020:Pellet fuel
2005:Biorefinery
1969:Switchgrass
1813:Coconut oil
1791:Energy from
1725:Cooking oil
1710:Biogasoline
1685:Babassu oil
994:F.A. Zich;
896:(L.) Pierre
785:, and as a
632:M. pinnata
588:subtropical
469:outbreeding
458:indehiscent
417:scars. The
393:Description
166:Millettieae
152:Subfamily:
100:Angiosperms
2985:Categories
2666:Plant List
2312:30023711-2
1983:Technology
1964:Salicornia
1947:Miscanthus
1870:Sugar beet
1742:cellulosic
1715:Bioliquids
1695:Biobutanol
1547:2013-09-28
1285:: 116297.
1259:2013-09-28
1238:2013-09-28
1174:2013-09-28
1125:2013-11-21
1081:2013-11-27
973:2012-03-30
941:2010-05-02
873:References
866:P. pinnata
851:P. pinnata
783:soapmaking
771:oleic acid
767:P. pinnata
757:sand dunes
659:M. pinnata
654:P. pinnata
640:M. pinnata
634:is also a
476:chromosome
235:Varieties
2838:242413725
2531:200012287
2518:200012287
2440:Q24852568
2058:Agflation
1951:giganteus
1880:Sunflower
1875:Sugarcane
1793:foodstock
1700:Biodiesel
1659:Bioenergy
1370:1573-5036
1323:252558634
1307:0301-4797
847:biodiesel
795:flavonoid
787:lubricant
769:seeds is
740:windbreak
713:Millettia
701:Millettia
692:Millettia
592:Himalayan
415:stipulate
410:deciduous
319:Panigrahi
301:L. (1753)
191:Species:
156:Faboideae
70:Kingdom:
2955:50338060
2950:Tropicos
2890:11295905
2877:947217-1
2737:Q1973585
2731:Wikidata
2697:13051832
2692:Tropicos
2671:ild-4759
2596:10171596
2583:515678-1
2434:Wikidata
2171:Pongamia
2156:Q2717831
2150:Wikidata
2141:Pongamia
2116:Category
2051:Concepts
1934:Duckweed
1923:Camelina
1900:Non-food
1848:Rapeseed
1838:Palm oil
1781:Wood gas
1754:Methanol
1747:mixtures
1667:Biofuels
1591:37994181
1569:(1): 2.
1469:: 1–12.
1444:15939268
1378:12335333
1315:36174475
1147:Archived
1032:Pongamia
996:B.Hyland
920:Pongamia
838:Jatropha
799:karanjin
779:lamp oil
749:firewood
721:Pongamia
697:Pongamia
687:Pongamia
665:Taxonomy
648:Cambodia
644:Tonlesap
624:ammonium
616:nitrogen
610:promote
443:fragrant
374:Pongamia
369:Fabaceae
272:Synonyms
177:Pongamia
146:Fabaceae
142:Family:
113:Eudicots
51:Flowers
36:Pongamia
2911:NTFlora
2851:5357476
2544:2965911
2500:Ecocrop
2325:1307341
2273:2965910
1865:Soybean
1859:Sorghum
1808:Cassava
1737:Ethanol
1720:Biomass
1690:Bagasse
1675:Alcohol
1571:Bibcode
1521:23 July
1516:2790680
1424:Bibcode
1350:Bibcode
1287:Bibcode
1197:22 July
744:compost
711:within
604:taproot
584:Malesia
472:diploid
451:corolla
431:flowers
423:cuneate
263:pinnata
254:) Domin
172:Genus:
162:Tribe:
136:Fabales
132:Order:
74:Plantae
2924:PLANTS
2903:819763
2864:418408
2786:172998
2773:238977
2770:APDB:
2760:AoFP:
2658:170183
2642:NZOR:
2622:168724
2570:138670
2466:238978
2463:APDB:
2374:170182
2358:NZOR:
2299:142404
2260:126518
2247:126518
2195:215692
2182:193961
2179:APDB:
1911:Arundo
1843:Potato
1759:Stover
1705:Biogas
1589:
1514:
1442:
1376:
1368:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1034:Adans.
1016:26 May
1007:(RFK8)
843:castor
805:, and
803:tannin
564:Gangga
535:Fruits
467:is an
437:-like
435:raceme
406:canopy
402:legume
338:typica
321:(1989)
252:Benth.
229:(1898)
227:Pierre
183:Adans.
126:Rosids
2929:MIPI9
2885:IRMNG
2825:PNGPI
2812:73L6F
2635:56065
2609:26877
2591:IRMNG
2557:29352
2492:4LTRZ
2479:98556
2387:54658
2351:56064
2338:26876
2320:IRMNG
2286:16051
2234:1PNGG
2221:28365
2208:63NZQ
2030:stove
1885:Wheat
1828:Maize
1818:Grape
1771:Straw
1680:Algae
1587:S2CID
1512:S2CID
1374:S2CID
1319:S2CID
1233:(PDF)
1192:(PDF)
1119:(PDF)
1075:(PDF)
781:, in
549:galls
447:calyx
400:is a
336:var.
317:(L.)
261:var.
247:minor
245:var.
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
81:Clade
2937:POWO
2916:2399
2898:ITIS
2872:IPNI
2859:GRIN
2846:GBIF
2820:EPPO
2794:ATRF
2781:APNI
2679:POWO
2630:NCBI
2617:IUCN
2604:ITIS
2578:IPNI
2552:GRIN
2539:GBIF
2505:1781
2474:APNI
2395:POWO
2346:NCBI
2333:ITIS
2307:IPNI
2281:GRIN
2268:GBIF
2229:EPPO
2190:APNI
2025:mill
1974:Wood
1853:Rice
1823:Hemp
1764:corn
1523:2021
1467:2014
1440:PMID
1366:ISSN
1311:PMID
1303:ISSN
1199:2021
1018:2021
841:and
736:arid
727:Uses
707:was
689:and
385:and
281:List
2963:WFO
2833:FNA
2807:CoL
2763:185
2705:WFO
2526:FoC
2513:FNA
2487:CoL
2408:WFO
2255:FoC
2242:FNA
2216:EoL
2203:CoL
1890:Yam
1833:Oat
1579:doi
1504:doi
1471:doi
1432:doi
1358:doi
1295:doi
1283:324
673:by
626:(NH
2987::
2965::
2952::
2939::
2926::
2913::
2900::
2887::
2874::
2861::
2848::
2835::
2822::
2809::
2796::
2783::
2748::
2733::
2707::
2694::
2681::
2668::
2655::
2632::
2619::
2606::
2593::
2580::
2567::
2554::
2541::
2528::
2515::
2502::
2489::
2476::
2451::
2436::
2410::
2397::
2384::
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2348::
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2322::
2309::
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2244::
2231::
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2205::
2192::
2167::
2152::
1949:×
1585:.
1577:.
1565:.
1510:.
1500:13
1498:.
1494:.
1465:.
1461:.
1438:.
1430:.
1420:96
1418:.
1401:31
1399:.
1395:.
1372:.
1364:.
1356:.
1346:87
1344:.
1340:.
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1309:.
1301:.
1293:.
1281:.
1277:.
1157:^
1134:^
1105:^
1062:^
1046:^
1002:.
982:^
965:.
950:^
934:,
930:.
924:.
909:^
898:.
881:^
849:.
813:.
759:.
723:.
650:.
618:(N
566:,
484:.
389:.
225:)
223:L.
122::
109::
96::
83::
1651:e
1644:t
1637:v
1593:.
1581::
1573::
1567:1
1550:.
1525:.
1506::
1479:.
1473::
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1434::
1426::
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1177:.
1128:.
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1020:.
976:.
944:.
922:"
918:"
628:4
620:2
250:(
221:(
20:)
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