263:
311:
214:
Among the 29 people of the Sultan of
Pontianak's family who were beheaded by the Japanese was the heir to the Pontianak throne. Later in 1944, the Dayaks assassinated a Japanese officer named Nakatani, who was involved in the incident and who was known for his cruelty. Sultan of Pontianak Mohamed
211:, the son of Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie (Sjarif Mohamed Alkadri). Since he was in Java during the executions Hamid II was the only male in his family not killed, while the Japanese beheaded all 28 other male relatives of Pontianak Sultan Mohammed Alkadri.
218:
The
Japanese extermination of the Malay elite of Pontianak paved the way for a new Dayak elite to arise in its place. According to Mary F. Somers Heidhues, during May and June 1945, some Japanese were killed in a rebellion by the Dayaks in
191:
as one of the "ringleaders" in the planned rebellion. Up to 25 aristocrats, relatives of the Sultan of
Pontianak, and many other prominent individuals were named as participants in the plot by the Japanese and then executed at Mandor.
782:. Vol. 206 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Volume 206 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (illustrated ed.). KITLV Press.
203:, Goesti Saoenan, Tengkoe Idris, Goesti Mesir, Sjarif Saleh, Goesti Abdoel Hamid, Ade Mohamad Arif, Goesti Mohamad Kelip, Goesti Djapar, Raden Abdul Bahri Danoe Perdana, and Mohammed Ahoufiek. They are known as the "12 Tokoh". In
178:
in
Kalimantan, including all of the Malay Sultans, accused them of plotting to overthrow Japanese rule, and then massacred them. The Japanese falsely claimed that all of those ethnic groups, and organisations such as the Islamic
809:. Contributor Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). Afdeling Documentatie Modern Indonesie. Centre for Documentation on Modern Indonesia of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. 2001
227:". The Pontianak Incidents, or Affairs, are divided into two Pontianak incidents by scholars, variously categorised according to mass killings and arrests, which occurred in several stages on different dates.
186:
The
Japanese claimed that, "Sultans, Chinese, Indonesian government officials, Indians and Arabs, who had been antagonistic to each other, joined together to massacre Japanese", naming the Sultan of the
195:
The
Sultans of Pontianak, Sambas, Ketapang, Soekadana, Simpang, Koeboe, Ngabang, Sanggau, Sekadau, Tajan, Sintang, and Mempawa were all executed by the Japanese; respectively, their names were
1082:
1072:
1092:
1087:
215:
Alkadri's fourth son, Pengeran Agoen (Pangeran Agung), and another son, Pengeran
Adipati (Pangeran Adipati), were both beheaded by the Japanese in a public execution.
1077:
223:. According to Jamie S. Davidson, this rebellion, during which many Dayaks and Japanese were killed, occurred from April through August 1945, and was called the "
123:
1032:
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183:, were involved in a plot to overthrow the Japanese and create a "People's Republic of West Borneo" (Negara Rakyat Borneo Barat).
407:
365:
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446:
514:
Koninklijk
Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands). Afdeling Documentatie Modern Indonesie 2001
513:
110:
751:
Strangers at Home: History and
Subjectivity Among the Chinese Communities of West Kalimantan, Indonesia
244:
188:
147:
954:. Vol. 52 of Routledge contemporary Southeast Asia series (illustrated ed.). Routledge.
822:
607:""Primitive" Politics: The Rise and Fall of the Dayak Unity Party in West Kalimantan, Indonesia""
175:
79:
726:. Vol. 34 of Southeast Asia publications series (illustrated ed.). SEAP Publications.
997:
955:
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671:
643:
584:
556:
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44:
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131:
55:
723:
Golddiggers, Farmers, and
Traders in the "Chinese Districts" of West Kalimantan, Indonesia
477:
384:
330:
239:
208:
155:
59:
130:. The victims were from a wide variety of ethnic groups, and the killings devastated the
224:
779:
The collapse of a colonial society: the Dutch in Indonesia during the Second World War
1021:
616:(9). Asia Research Institute of the National University of Singapore. Archived from
617:
470:
323:
180:
171:
167:
163:
82:). A relatively small number of Chinese, Arabs, and Indians were among the victims.
75:
71:
67:
30:
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The Political Economy of Divided Islands: Unified Geographies, Multiple Polities
396:
230:
The Pontianak incident negatively impacted the Chinese community in Kalimantan.
146:
In the 1943-1944 Pontianak incident, the Japanese orchestrated a mass arrest of
135:
40:
92:
220:
159:
122:
consisted of two massacres which took place in Kalimantan during the
63:
996:(56). International Institute for Asian Studies: 6–7. Archived from
895:
Post-War Borneo, 1945-1950: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building
754:. Vol. 5 of Chinese Overseas (illustrated ed.). BRILL.
667:
Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia
639:
From Rebellion to Riots: Collective Violence on Indonesian Borneo
923:
Post-war Borneo, 1945-50: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building
614:
Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series (ARI Working Paper)
204:
951:
Chinese Indonesians Reassessed: History, Religion and Belonging
867:
Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire
839:
Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire
695:
Slaughter at Sea: The Story of Japan's Naval War Crimes
670:(illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press.
580:
Violence and Politics in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
134:elite of Kalimantan, with all the Malay Sultans of
106:
98:
86:
50:
36:
23:
698:(illustrated ed.). Naval Institute Press.
1083:Military history of Japan during World War II
948:Sai, Siew-Min; Hoon, Chang-Yau, eds. (2013).
8:
1073:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
124:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
1093:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
20:
16:1943–1944 massacres in Indonesia by Japan
1088:South-East Asian theatre of World War II
256:
820:
1078:20th-century mass murder in Indonesia
7:
976:de Vries, Hubert (27 January 2010).
126:. One of them is also known as the
806:Excerpta Indonesica, Volumes 64-66
605:Davidson, Jamie S. (August 2003).
549:Baldacchino, Godfrey, ed. (2013).
62:and other natives (these included
14:
987:"The crown jewels lost and found"
720:Heidhues, Mary F. Somers (2003).
1033:Japanese war crimes in Indonesia
864:Kratoska, Paul H., ed. (2013).
836:Kratoska, Paul H., ed. (2002).
664:Federspiel, Howard M. (2007).
1:
1068:Political and cultural purges
985:Zweers, Louis (Spring 2011).
636:Davidson, Jamie Seth (2009).
577:Davidson, Jamie Seth (2002).
1048:Massacres committed by Japan
583:. University of Washington.
209:Syarif Abdul Hamid Alqadrie
1114:
201:Mohamad Ibrahim Tsafidedin
138:executed by the Japanese.
383:24 September 2015 at the
28:
748:Hui, Yew-Foong (2011).
1053:Massacres in Indonesia
1028:World War II massacres
920:Ooi, Keat Gin (2013).
892:Keat Gin, Ooi (2013).
827:: CS1 maint: others (
555:. Palgrave Macmillan.
207:, the Japanese jailed
197:Sjarif Mohamed Alkadri
111:Imperial Japanese Navy
692:Felton, Mark (2007).
1003:on 24 September 2015
842:. Psychology Press.
776:Jong, Louis (2002).
1063:Mass murder in 1945
1058:Mass murder in 1944
538:Sai & Hoon 2013
476:18 May 2014 at the
329:18 May 2014 at the
245:Japanese war crimes
189:Pontianak Sultanate
181:Pemuda Muhammadijah
120:Pontianak incident
24:Pontianak incident
1098:History of Borneo
1043:1944 in Indonesia
1038:1943 in Indonesia
490:ed. Kratoska 2013
408:ed. Kratoska 2013
343:ed. Kratoska 2002
300:ed. Kratoska 2013
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623:on 18 May 2014
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107:Perpetrators
31:World War II
18:
978:"PONTIANAK"
435:Felton 2007
397:Vries 2010.
378:Zweers 2011
176:Minangkabau
88:Attack type
80:Minangkabau
1022:Categories
849:070071488X
789:9067182036
733:0877277338
251:References
160:Menadonese
136:Kalimantan
64:Menadonese
41:Kalimantan
823:cite book
540:, p. 119.
492:, p. 165.
461:, p. 206.
410:, p. 168.
368:, p. 176.
355:Ooi 2013.
302:, p. 160.
290:, p. 205.
266:, p. 204.
967:10 March
939:10 March
911:10 March
883:10 March
855:10 March
813:10 March
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767:10 March
739:10 March
711:10 March
683:10 March
655:10 March
596:10 March
568:10 March
528:, p. 75.
516:, p. 41.
504:, p. 42.
502:Hui 2011
474:Archived
449:, p. 37.
437:, p. 86.
381:Archived
366:Ooi 2013
327:Archived
314:, p. 79.
278:, p. 42.
276:Ooi 2013
234:See also
156:Javanese
154:elites,
93:Massacre
60:Javanese
37:Location
29:Part of
480:, p. 8.
424:p. 207.
387:, p. 6.
333:, p. 9.
221:Sanggau
148:Chinese
102:21,000+
54:Mainly
1007:8 July
958:
930:
902:
874:
846:
786:
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730:
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627:17 May
587:
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174:, and
172:Bataks
164:Dayaks
99:Deaths
76:Bataks
68:Dayaks
51:Target
1001:(PDF)
990:(PDF)
621:(PDF)
610:(PDF)
168:Bugis
152:Malay
132:Malay
72:Bugis
56:Malay
1009:2015
969:2014
956:ISBN
941:2014
928:ISBN
913:2014
900:ISBN
885:2014
872:ISBN
857:2014
844:ISBN
829:link
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797:2014
784:ISBN
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756:ISBN
741:2014
728:ISBN
713:2014
700:ISBN
685:2014
672:ISBN
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585:ISBN
570:2014
557:ISBN
205:Java
118:The
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