42:
217:
239:
682:
668:
41:
573:
1066:
Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (10 February 2015).
58:
414:
216:
1039:
1150:
Allentoft, Morten E.; Sikora, Martin; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Rasmussen, Simon; Rasmussen, Morten; Stenderup, Jesper; Damgaard, Peter B.; Schroeder, Hannes; Ahlström, Torbjörn; Vinner, Lasse; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Margaryan, Ashot; Higham, Tom; Chivall, David; Lynnerup, Niels; Harvig, Lise; Baron,
1206:
Mathieson, Iain; Lazaridis, Iosif; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Pickrell, Joseph; Meller, Harald; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Krause, Johannes; Anthony, David; Brown, Dorcas; Fox, Carles
Lalueza; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt W.; Haak, Wolfgang; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David (14 March
1065:
Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; Bánffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael
1243:
Shinde, Vasant; Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Mah, Matthew; Lipson, Mark; Nakatsuka, Nathan; Adamski, Nicole; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Ferry, Matthew; Lawson, Ann Marie; Michel, Megan; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Stewardson, Kristin; Jadhav, Nilesh (October 2019).
1151:
Justyna; Casa, Philippe Della; Dąbrowski, Paweł; Duffy, Paul R.; Ebel, Alexander V.; Epimakhov, Andrey; Frei, Karin; Furmanek, Mirosław; Gralak, Tomasz; Gromov, Andrey; Gronkiewicz, Stanisław; Grupe, Gisela; Hajdu, Tamás; Jarysz, Radosław (2015).
238:
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lies between the steppe and the northwestern and northern shores of the
Caspian. The Kazakh Steppe bounds the steppe to the east.
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70:. In this map is shown the region known as Pontic Steppe, which is the biggest portion of the whole Pontic-Caspian Steppe.
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defines the southern edge of the steppes. The steppe extends to the western shore of the
Caspian Sea in the
443:
428:
1041:
The Horse, the Wheel, and
Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World
775:
588:
580:
121:
116:
1367:
1424:
655:
389:
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with reference to the flora and fauna of these steppes, including animals from the Black, Caspian, and
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284:
693:
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The Pontic–Caspian steppe covers an area of 994,000 km (384,000 sq mi) of
267:, formed by the Caspian and Pontic steppes. It stretches from the northern shores of the
1294:"2 THE YAMNAYA CULTURE AND THE INVENTION OF NOMADIC PASTORALISM IN THE EURASIAN STEPPES"
1168:
1093:
1278:
1246:"An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers"
1245:
1120:
897:
891:
840:
836:
808:
640:
612:
511:
495:
397:
304:
260:
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1413:
1068:"Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe"
992:
982:
937:
826:
649:
280:
146:
392:, speculates that the Pontic–Caspian steppe was the homeland of the speakers of the
1348:
1192:
977:
909:
883:
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373:
264:
221:
17:
1393:
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used the steppe; many of them went on to conquer lands in the settled regions of
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1152:
380:. Genetic research has identified this region as the most probable place where
57:
830:
763:
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707:
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ancestry into two subcontinents—Europe and South Asia—from c. 3000 to 1500 BC.
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86:
67:
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396:. With the scientific advances in DNA genome mapping and the introduction of
846:
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358:
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1129:
400:, the Kurgan hypothesis is today widely considered to have been validated.
871:
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which extended south and east of the Urals and covering much of today's
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338:
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279:, where it ends at the Ural-Caspian narrowing, which joins it with the
205:
195:
190:
1364:"The Proto-Turkic Urheimat and the Early Migrations of Turkic Peoples"
1319:"Ancient DNA and migrations: New understandings and misunderstandings"
287:. Geopolitically, the Pontic-Caspian Steppe extends from northeastern
887:
862:
856:
814:
256:
247:, one of the most typical spring flowers of the Pontic-Caspian steppe
200:
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680:
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571:
327:
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93:
745:
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and western
Caucasus mountains' border with the sea, where the
1352:. Faculty of Science – University of Copenhagen. 4 April 2017.
525:
To the south, the steppe extends to the Black Sea, except the
407:
315:
where it straddles the border of southern Russia and western
1344:"Steppe migrant thugs pacified by Stone Age farming women"
518:
to the north, a transitional zone of mixed grasslands and
833:) 7th–9th centuries attested but probably from earlier
228:, Ukraine. The steppe is often dominated by plumes of
1209:"Eight thousand years of natural selection in Europe"
168:
160:
155:
104:
92:
80:
75:
34:
283:in Central Asia, making it a part of the larger
349:. Across several millennia, numerous tribes of
1545:Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
988:Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
544:The Ponto-Caspian seas are the remains of the
325:temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
275:of antiquity) to the northern area around the
99:Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
904:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
8:
1153:"Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia"
442:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
220:Streltsovskaya Steppe, a preserved area in
948:Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands
1277:
1220:
1119:
1101:
1083:
462:Learn how and when to remove this message
319:. Biogeographically, it is a part of the
164:994,000 km (384,000 sq mi)
1014:"Mystery Of Horse Domestication Solved?"
1005:
531:Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
178:
132:Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
114:
31:
894:states and tribes 15th–18th centuries
520:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
7:
440:adding citations to reliable sources
62:The steppe extends roughly from the
50:, Ukraine, with reintroduced horses.
1405:Google maps: Pontic-Caspian steppe
724:) 11th century BC – 3rd century AD
25:
478:, that extends from northeastern
692:– late 19th-century painting by
537:region of Russia, but the drier
412:
56:
48:Azov-Syvash National Nature Park
40:
1525:Natural history of Central Asia
736:5th century BC – 5th century AD
514:. The steppe is bounded by the
388:, the most prevalent theory in
1044:. Princeton University Press.
663:Historical peoples and nations
382:horses were first domesticated
127:Central European mixed forests
1:
672:
671:The Pontic-Caspian steppe in
1485:Geography of Southern Russia
394:Proto-Indo-European language
595:Cucuteni-Trypillian culture
516:East European forest steppe
490:, and southern and eastern
137:East European forest steppe
27:One of the Eurasian steppes
1561:
1262:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.048
476:Central and Eastern Europe
355:Central and Eastern Europe
1530:Nomadic groups in Eurasia
1038:David W. Anthony (2010).
688:fighting Tatars from the
55:
39:
1445:Ecoregions of Kazakhstan
1232:– via biorxiv.org.
943:Indo-European migrations
333:The area corresponds to
1480:Flora of Eastern Europe
963:Haplogroup R1b1 (Y-DNA)
958:Haplogroup R1a1 (Y-DNA)
788:Principality of Karvuna
782:Second Bulgarian Empire
704:4th millennium BC – now
1435:Ecoregions of Bulgaria
1400:. World Wildlife Fund.
1398:Terrestrial Ecoregions
776:First Bulgarian Empire
697:
678:
589:Linear Pottery culture
584:
548:, an extension of the
539:Caspian lowland desert
248:
235:
122:Caucasus mixed forests
117:Caspian lowland desert
1535:Palearctic ecoregions
1515:Grasslands of Ukraine
1505:Grasslands of Romania
1500:Grasslands of Moldova
1475:Flora of Central Asia
1465:Ecoregions of Ukraine
1455:Ecoregions of Romania
1450:Ecoregions of Moldova
710:12th–7th centuries BC
684:
670:
656:Novocherkassk culture
625:cultures 3500–2300 BC
576:Bronze Age spread of
575:
510:, to the east of the
404:Geography and ecology
390:Indo-European studies
253:Pontic–Caspian Steppe
241:
219:
35:Pontic–Caspian steppe
1510:Grasslands of Russia
1495:Grasslands of Europe
1460:Ecoregions of Russia
1440:Ecoregions of Europe
973:Late Glacial Maximum
843:) 8th–13th centuries
784:12th–15th centuries
766:4th–21st centuries:
730:8th–4th centuries BC
686:Zaporozhian Cossacks
568:Prehistoric cultures
436:improve this section
370:Ponto-Caspian region
1370:on 24 December 2013
1177:10.1038/nature14507
1169:2015Natur.522..167A
1112:10.1038/NATURE14317
1094:2015Natur.522..207H
906:19th–20th centuries
900:16th–20th centuries
868:13th–15th centuries
859:11th–13th centuries
629:Kura-Araxes culture
607:Sredny Stog culture
554:West Siberian Plain
347:classical antiquity
18:Ponto-Caspian Basin
1490:Grasslands of Asia
1430:Ecoregions of Asia
1323:scholar.google.com
1298:scholar.google.com
1256:(3): 729–735.e10.
849:8th–11th centuries
823:6th–11th centuries
799:5th–11th centuries
778:7th–11th centuries
698:
679:
585:
581:steppe pastoralist
504:Lower Volga region
313:Lower Volga region
249:
236:
142:Kazakh semi-desert
1163:(7555): 167–172.
1078:(7555): 207–211.
968:Kurgan hypothesis
817:6th–8th centuries
811:6th–8th centuries
805:6th–8th centuries
752:4th–8th centuries
742:3rd–6th centuries
601:Khvalynsk culture
496:Northern Caucasus
482:and southeastern
472:
471:
464:
386:Kurgan hypothesis
291:and southeastern
259:extending across
244:Tulipa suaveolens
214:
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16:(Redirected from
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1366:. Archived from
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1010:
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635:Catacomb culture
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351:nomadic horsemen
321:Palearctic realm
234:in early summer.
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1470:Eurasian Steppe
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1394:"Pontic steppe"
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924:Southern Russia
880:Crimean Khanate
690:Crimean Khanate
675:
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570:
502:, and into the
500:southern Russia
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309:southern Russia
285:Eurasian Steppe
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1420:North Caucasus
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1387:External links
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1222:10.1101/016477
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1103:10.1101/013433
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512:Ural Mountains
494:, through the
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398:bioarchaeology
305:North Caucasus
303:, through the
273:Pontus Euxinus
261:Eastern Europe
226:Luhansk Oblast
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938:Forest steppe
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650:Koban culture
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421:This section
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281:Kazakh Steppe
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147:Kazakh steppe
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1425:Central Asia
1397:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1358:
1349:ScienceDaily
1347:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
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1249:
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1226:. Retrieved
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1133:. Retrieved
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1021:. Retrieved
1017:
1008:
978:Steppe Route
926:21st century
912:20th century
910:Soviet Union
890:, and other
884:Volga Tatars
866:Golden Horde
694:Józef Brandt
637:3000–2200 BC
631:3000–2000 BC
615:3700–3000 BC
609:4500–3500 BC
603:5000–3500 BC
597:5300–2600 BC
591:5500–4500 BC
543:
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452:January 2021
449:
434:Please help
422:
374:biogeography
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299:and eastern
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265:Central Asia
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250:
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222:Milove Raion
29:
1374:24 December
841:Kievan Rus'
837:Rus' people
772:7th century
652:1100–400 BC
506:of western
372:is used in
277:Caspian Sea
1414:Categories
1328:24 January
1303:24 January
1215:: 016477.
1085:1502.02783
1000:References
831:Hungarians
764:Bulgarians
740:Ostrogoths
734:Sarmatians
708:Cimmerians
676: 650
658:900–650 BC
550:Paratethys
546:Turgai Sea
508:Kazakhstan
486:, through
363:South Asia
317:Kazakhstan
186:Kazakhstan
87:Palearctic
68:Ural River
1270:0092-8674
847:Pechenegs
728:Scythians
718:Thracians
423:does not
378:Azov Seas
368:The term
359:West Asia
269:Black Sea
169:Countries
156:Geography
1185:26062507
1130:25731166
931:See also
872:Cossacks
853:Kipchaks
809:Göktürks
646:–1200 BC
562:Cenozoic
558:Mesozoic
535:Dagestan
480:Bulgaria
343:Sarmatia
335:Cimmeria
295:through
289:Bulgaria
181:Bulgaria
1540:Scythia
1279:6800651
1228:3 April
1213:bioRxiv
1207:2015).
1193:4399103
1165:Bibcode
1135:3 April
1121:5048219
1098:bioRxiv
1090:Bibcode
1072:bioRxiv
1023:3 April
920:Moldova
916:Ukraine
876:Kalmyks
821:Khazars
760:Onogurs
756:Bulgars
714:Dacians
619:Yamnaya
578:Yamnaya
556:in the
527:Crimean
492:Ukraine
488:Moldova
484:Romania
444:removed
429:sources
339:Scythia
301:Ukraine
297:Moldova
293:Romania
206:Ukraine
196:Romania
191:Moldova
105:Borders
76:Ecology
66:to the
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892:Turkic
888:Nogais
863:Mongol
857:Cumans
815:Sabirs
762:, and
623:Kurgan
384:. The
361:, and
341:, and
257:steppe
201:Russia
64:Danube
1189:S2CID
1080:arXiv
797:Alans
750:Avars
722:Getae
328:biome
271:(the
255:is a
231:Stipa
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82:Realm
1376:2013
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1305:2024
1266:ISSN
1250:Cell
1230:2018
1181:PMID
1137:2018
1126:PMID
1046:ISBN
1025:2018
855:and
748:and
746:Huns
716:and
644:1600
560:and
427:any
425:cite
251:The
175:List
161:Area
111:List
1274:PMC
1258:doi
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