113:
121:
193:, together with consideration of stomach contents, there needs to be some observation of environmental conditions at the death scene to accurately measure the PMI (Fig. 1). Factors that can affect the rate of human decomposition are concerned with the particular environment a body has been recovered from. Bodies can be found anywhere from terrestrial to aquatic environments, each possessing their own variables that can alter interval estimations. Along with common factors of temperature, humidity and element exposure,
2378:
2388:
140:. When the time of death is not known, the interval may be estimated, and so an approximate time of death established. Postmortem interval estimations can range from hours, to days or even years depending on the type of evidence present. There are standard medical and scientific techniques supporting such an estimation.
197:
and clothing are an example of a component that can affect the rate of cooling of the body, and so its rate of decomposition. A very approximate rule of thumb for estimating the postmortem interval is as follows:
670:
De-Giorgio, Fabio; Grassi, Simone; d'Aloja, Ernesto; Pascali, Vincenzo L. (2021-05-01). "Post-mortem ocular changes and time since death: Scoping review and future perspective".
896:
Van Belle, LE; Carter, DO; Forbes, SL (2009). "Measurement of
Ninhydrin Reactive Nitrogen Influx into Gravesoil during Aboveground and Belowground Carcass (
826:
Davla, M; Moore, TR; Kalacska, M; LeBlanc, G; Costopoulos, A (2015). "Nitrous Oxide, Methane and Carbon
Dioxide Dynamics from Experimental Pig Graves".
99:
1367:
1428:
1392:
550:
504:
462:
342:
1362:
1664:
1397:
861:
Senos Matias, MJ (2004). "An
Investigation into the Use of Geophysical Methods in the Study of Aquifer Contamination by Graveyards".
2412:
1372:
436:
390:
1900:
1352:
1042:
1448:
1126:
721:
Butzbach, Danielle M. (2010-03-01). "The influence of putrefaction and sample storage on post-mortem toxicology results".
92:
1926:
1470:
1377:
1344:
2417:
1382:
310:
215:
Due to significant environmental variations between regions, universal formulas would be ill-suited for this topic in
112:
120:
623:"A New Model for the Estimation of Time of Death from Vitreous Potassium Levels Corrected for Age and Temperature"
1749:
1619:
306:
85:
2227:
2222:
2150:
2072:
1357:
2262:
2155:
1895:
1801:
1766:
1387:
1198:
1114:
799:
Huang, P; Tuo, Y; Wang, ZY (2010). "Review on
Estimation of Postmortem Interval Using FTIR Spectroscopy".
20:
2145:
2067:
1880:
1776:
1712:
1677:
1121:
1089:
290:
772:
Lin, X; Yin, YS; Ji, Q (2011). "Progress on DNA Quantification in
Estimation of Postmortem Interval".
575:
2257:
2110:
1999:
1961:
1951:
1084:
870:
576:"Human decomposition and the reliability of a 'Universal' model for post mortem interval estimations"
228:
2317:
2182:
1482:
1223:
1203:
1183:
1146:
1035:
270:
239:
155:
2363:
2267:
2207:
2167:
2115:
2047:
2019:
1931:
1885:
1477:
1109:
1079:
1006:
754:
703:
525:
396:
248:
2035:
2351:
2135:
2130:
1974:
1956:
1589:
1577:
998:
956:
917:
843:
808:
781:
746:
738:
695:
687:
652:
603:
595:
556:
546:
543:
Forensic ecogenomics : the application of microbial ecology analyses in forensic contexts
500:
458:
432:
386:
348:
338:
2391:
2344:
2242:
2057:
2052:
2009:
1786:
1781:
1567:
1433:
1423:
1325:
1310:
1295:
1246:
1099:
990:
948:
909:
878:
835:
730:
679:
642:
634:
587:
492:
452:
424:
378:
216:
976:"Soilwater Conductivity Analysis to Date and Locate Clandestine Graves of Homicide Victims"
2332:
2297:
2247:
2202:
2177:
1816:
1687:
1546:
1418:
1413:
1330:
1280:
1273:
1261:
1171:
421:
Taphonomy of Human
Remains: Forensic Analysis of the Dead and the Depositional Environment
149:
68:
29:
419:
Simmons, Tal (2017-02-10), "Post-Mortem
Interval Estimation: an Overview of Techniques",
1838:
874:
232:
2381:
2105:
1936:
1697:
1632:
1465:
1443:
1320:
1268:
1028:
2406:
2140:
2125:
2082:
1994:
1828:
1806:
1682:
1649:
1541:
1516:
707:
622:
400:
266:
63:
38:
1010:
952:
913:
839:
758:
638:
591:
2237:
2120:
2004:
1921:
1845:
1833:
1692:
1599:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1454:
1305:
1285:
1228:
1213:
1104:
683:
274:
194:
174:
168:
162:
58:
53:
48:
43:
975:
974:
Pringle, JK; Cassella, JP; Jervis, JR; Williams, A; Cross, P; Cassidy, NJ (2015).
2312:
2307:
2277:
2232:
2212:
2197:
2192:
2172:
2089:
2014:
1984:
1941:
1771:
1654:
1315:
1290:
1256:
1188:
1166:
1161:
1151:
530:. Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice. 1973. p. 12.
428:
293:, and for buried individuals changes in soil composition such as the levels of
2282:
2252:
2217:
2187:
2160:
2062:
1890:
1850:
1702:
1659:
1637:
1604:
1300:
1218:
1176:
1156:
1066:
882:
734:
560:
2040:
742:
691:
599:
484:
352:
19:
This article is about forensic science. For
Rosicrucian death practices, see
2327:
2322:
2287:
2077:
1969:
1754:
1707:
1644:
1609:
1584:
1460:
1141:
1136:
994:
496:
298:
255:
181:
Conditions at the scene of death affect the estimation of time of death. To
2356:
1905:
1002:
960:
921:
847:
812:
785:
750:
699:
656:
607:
2302:
2272:
1823:
1811:
1744:
1572:
1241:
1208:
1094:
1074:
278:
245:
Forensic botany: Plant and soil effects on the process of decomposition.
2339:
1979:
1946:
1791:
1739:
1500:
1438:
1251:
1131:
647:
621:
Zilg, B.; Bernard, S.; Alkass, K.; Berg, S.; Druid, H. (17 July 2015).
302:
294:
335:
Forensic entomology: the utility of arthropods in legal investigations
2292:
1989:
1759:
1627:
1551:
1193:
73:
936:
372:
382:
1875:
1855:
1796:
1594:
1051:
137:
119:
423:, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 134–142,
251:: Cause of death determination and subsequent postmortem changes
1024:
286:
259:
124:
Figure 1. Post-mortem phenomena to estimate the time of death.
485:"Advancing Forensic Taphonomy: Purpose, Theory, and Process"
171:: settling of blood in the lowest-placed parts of the body;
454:
1020:
545:. London, United Kingdom San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
371:
Pokines, James; Symes, Steven A., eds. (2013-10-08).
242:: insect (especially blowfly) activity on the corpse.
136:) is the time that has elapsed since an individual's
2098:
2028:
1914:
1868:
1730:
1618:
1560:
1509:
1498:
1491:
1406:
1343:
1065:
1058:
337:(2nd ed.). Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.
574:Cockle, Diane L.; Bell, Lynne S. (2015-08-01).
483:Sorg, Marcella; Haglund, William (2001-07-30),
333:Jason H. Byrd; James L. Castner, eds. (2009).
1036:
451:Dix, Jay; Graham, Michael (7 December 1999).
93:
16:Time that has elapsed since a person has died
8:
1506:
1495:
1062:
1043:
1029:
1021:
100:
86:
25:
723:Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
646:
154:Changes to a body occurring after death (
111:
322:
313:, could also reveal the time of death.
28:
21:Rosicrucian Fellowship § Teachings
144:Examination of body and scene of death
1393:List of ways people dishonor the dead
211:Cold and flaccid: More than 36 hours.
7:
478:
476:
474:
414:
412:
410:
366:
364:
362:
328:
326:
202:Warm and flaccid: less than 3 hours
1398:List of ways people honor the dead
231:that can be used to determine the
14:
1429:Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
2386:
2377:
2376:
273:(process of self-digestion) and
2387:
953:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.06.006
914:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.08.016
840:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.12.002
639:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.020
592:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.018
305:, ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen,
116:Timeline of postmortem changes.
941:Forensic Science International
902:Forensic Science International
828:Forensic Science International
684:10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101862
627:Forensic Science International
580:Forensic Science International
489:Advances in Forensic Taphonomy
285:More advanced methods include
1:
1449:Maternal mortality in fiction
208:Cold and stiff: 8 to 36 hours
1363:Expressions related to death
1316:Medical declaration of death
983:Journal of Forensic Sciences
527:FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin
491:, CRC Press, pp. 3–29,
374:Manual of Forensic Taphonomy
205:Warm and stiff: 3 to 8 hours
1383:Preventable causes of death
2434:
429:10.1002/9781118953358.ch10
307:volatile organic compounds
147:
18:
2372:
1750:Consciousness after death
1673:
1237:
883:10.3997/1873-0604.2004010
735:10.1007/s12024-009-9130-8
254:Ocular changes: vitreous
2413:Medical aspects of death
2151:Personification of death
1373:People by cause of death
457:. CRC Press. p. 1.
2228:Death-positive movement
2073:Post-mortem photography
1353:Causes of death by rate
1281:Death by natural causes
995:10.1111/1556-4029.12802
863:Near Surface Geophysics
497:10.1201/9781420058352-3
281:found within the body).
2263:Fascination with death
1901:Reincarnation research
1896:Out-of-body experience
1358:Notable deaths by year
1199:Immunogenic cell death
1115:Temporal lobe necrosis
177:: stiffening of limbs.
125:
117:
2068:Post-mortem chemistry
1881:Near-death experience
1777:Desecration of graves
1713:Postmortem caloricity
1678:Beating heart cadaver
1122:Programmed cell death
1090:Liquefactive necrosis
291:infrared spectroscopy
227:There are analytical
223:Analytical techniques
148:Further information:
123:
115:
2258:Festival of the Dead
2156:Dying-and-rising god
2111:Chinese burial money
2000:Prohibition of dying
1952:Death-qualified jury
1718:Post-mortem interval
1378:Premature obituaries
1085:Coagulative necrosis
130:post-mortem interval
2318:Philosophy of death
2183:Death from laughter
1483:Perinatal mortality
1224:Mitotic catastrophe
1204:Ischemic cell death
1147:Intrinsic apoptosis
1095:Gangrenous necrosis
875:2004NSGeo...2..131S
277:(process caused by
262:structural changes.
240:Forensic entomology
156:post-mortem changes
2418:Forensic pathology
2364:Thanatosensitivity
2268:Hierarchy of death
2208:Death notification
2116:Coins for the dead
2048:Forensic pathology
1932:Capital punishment
1886:Near-death studies
1478:Mortality salience
1110:Fibrinoid necrosis
1080:Avascular necrosis
900:) Decomposition".
541:Senior, T (2018).
265:State or stage of
249:Forensic pathology
126:
118:
2400:
2399:
2136:Death anniversary
2131:Death and culture
1975:Dying declaration
1957:Death certificate
1864:
1863:
1726:
1725:
1578:Neuropreservation
1368:Natural disasters
1339:
1338:
586:: 136.e1–136.e9.
552:978-0-12-809360-3
506:978-0-8493-1189-5
464:978-1-4200-4828-5
344:978-0-8493-9215-3
110:
109:
2425:
2390:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2360:
2345:Assisted suicide
2243:Death trajectory
2058:Mortuary science
2053:Funeral director
2044:
2010:Suspicious death
1782:Eternal oblivion
1568:Cryopreservation
1507:
1496:
1434:Infant mortality
1424:Excess mortality
1326:Terminal illness
1311:Lazarus syndrome
1296:End-of-life care
1247:Accidental death
1100:Caseous necrosis
1063:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1022:
1015:
1014:
989:(4): 1052–1061.
980:
971:
965:
964:
947:(1–3): 234–241.
935:Vass, A (2012).
932:
926:
925:
893:
887:
886:
858:
852:
851:
823:
817:
816:
801:Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi
796:
790:
789:
774:Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi
769:
763:
762:
718:
712:
711:
667:
661:
660:
650:
618:
612:
611:
571:
565:
564:
538:
532:
531:
522:
516:
515:
514:
513:
480:
469:
468:
448:
442:
441:
416:
405:
404:
368:
357:
356:
330:
289:quantification,
217:forensic science
102:
95:
88:
26:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2368:
2354:
2298:Museum of Death
2248:Dignified death
2203:Death messenger
2178:Death education
2094:
2038:
2024:
1962:Declared death
1910:
1860:
1817:Online mourning
1722:
1688:Cadaveric spasm
1669:
1614:
1556:
1547:Skeletonization
1487:
1419:Child mortality
1414:Birthday effect
1402:
1335:
1331:Unnatural death
1262:Brainstem death
1233:
1172:Pseudoapoptosis
1054:
1049:
1019:
1018:
978:
973:
972:
968:
934:
933:
929:
895:
894:
890:
860:
859:
855:
825:
824:
820:
798:
797:
793:
780:(1): 47–9, 53.
771:
770:
766:
720:
719:
715:
669:
668:
664:
620:
619:
615:
573:
572:
568:
553:
540:
539:
535:
524:
523:
519:
511:
509:
507:
482:
481:
472:
465:
450:
449:
445:
439:
418:
417:
408:
393:
370:
369:
360:
345:
332:
331:
324:
319:
225:
165:: body cooling;
152:
150:Stages of death
146:
106:
69:Skeletonization
30:Stages of death
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2431:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Apparent death
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Cause of death
1934:
1929:
1927:Administration
1924:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Death erection
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1633:Natural burial
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1504:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1466:Mortality rate
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1444:Maternal death
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1388:Unusual deaths
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Organ donation
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1269:Clinical death
1266:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1016:
966:
927:
908:(1–3): 37–41.
898:Sus domesticus
888:
869:(3): 131–136.
853:
818:
807:(3): 198–201.
791:
764:
713:
672:Legal Medicine
662:
613:
566:
551:
533:
517:
505:
470:
463:
443:
437:
406:
391:
383:10.1201/b15424
358:
343:
321:
320:
318:
315:
283:
282:
263:
252:
246:
243:
224:
221:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
179:
178:
172:
166:
145:
142:
108:
107:
105:
104:
97:
90:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2430:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2393:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Death anxiety
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Darwin Awards
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:Biostratinomy
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Necropolitics
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:Reincarnation
1827:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1732:Other aspects
1729:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Body donation
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Dismemberment
1648:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:Mummification
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1552:Fossilization
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:Decomposition
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Pallor mortis
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
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1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
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1342:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
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1302:
1299:
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1287:
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1279:
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1272:
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1239:
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1230:
1227:
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1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
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1178:
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1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
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1064:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
977:
970:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:"Odor Mortis"
931:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
854:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
822:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
768:
765:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
717:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
663:
658:
654:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
617:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
570:
567:
562:
558:
554:
548:
544:
537:
534:
529:
528:
521:
518:
508:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
479:
477:
475:
471:
466:
460:
456:
455:
447:
444:
440:
438:9781118953358
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
413:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
392:9781439878439
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:
367:
365:
363:
359:
354:
350:
346:
340:
336:
329:
327:
323:
316:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:decomposition
264:
261:
258:composition,
257:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
236:
234:
230:
222:
220:
218:
210:
207:
204:
201:
200:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
159:
157:
151:
143:
141:
139:
135:
131:
122:
114:
103:
98:
96:
91:
89:
84:
83:
81:
80:
75:
74:Fossilization
72:
70:
67:
65:
64:Decomposition
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
40:
39:Pallor mortis
37:
36:
35:
34:
31:
27:
22:
2238:Death threat
2121:Dark tourism
2063:Necrobiology
2005:Right to die
1963:
1922:Abortion law
1846:Resurrection
1834:Palingenesis
1731:
1717:
1693:Coffin birth
1600:Plastination
1561:Preservation
1537:Putrefaction
1532:Livor mortis
1527:Rigor mortis
1522:Algor mortis
1499:
1455:Memento mori
1453:
1306:Lazarus sign
1286:Death rattle
1229:Suicide gene
1214:Karyorrhexis
1105:Fat necrosis
986:
982:
969:
944:
940:
930:
905:
901:
897:
891:
866:
862:
856:
831:
827:
821:
804:
800:
794:
777:
773:
767:
729:(1): 35–45.
726:
722:
716:
675:
671:
665:
630:
626:
616:
583:
579:
569:
542:
536:
526:
520:
510:, retrieved
488:
453:
446:
420:
373:
334:
311:conductivity
309:, and water
284:
275:putrefaction
226:
214:
195:body habitus
191:rigor mortis
190:
187:livor mortis
186:
183:algor mortis
182:
180:
175:Rigor mortis
169:Livor mortis
163:Algor mortis
153:
133:
129:
127:
59:Putrefaction
54:Rigor mortis
49:Algor mortis
44:Livor mortis
2355: [
2313:Necrophobia
2308:Necrophilia
2278:Immortality
2233:Death squad
2213:Death panel
2198:Death march
2193:Death knell
2173:Death drive
2146:Death deity
2090:Thanatology
2039: [
1985:Legal death
1964:in absentia
1942:Civil death
1787:Examination
1772:Crematorium
1655:Excarnation
1492:After death
1291:Dysthanasia
1257:Brain death
1189:Autoschizis
1167:Phenoptosis
1162:Parthanatos
1152:Necroptosis
1059:In medicine
648:10616/44849
633:: 158–166.
233:post-mortem
158:) include:
2407:Categories
2283:Last rites
2253:Extinction
2223:Death pose
2218:Death poem
2188:Death hoax
2168:Death camp
2161:Psychopomp
2036:Death tech
1891:Necromancy
1869:Paranormal
1851:Underworld
1703:Dissection
1665:Resomation
1660:Promession
1638:Sky burial
1605:Prosection
1590:Maceration
1301:Euthanasia
1219:Karyolysis
1177:Pyroptosis
1157:Paraptosis
1067:Cell death
678:: 101862.
561:1023028365
512:2022-04-14
317:References
299:phosphates
235:interval:
229:techniques
2328:Sacrifice
2323:Predation
2288:Longevity
2078:Taphonomy
2015:Trust law
1970:Death row
1755:Afterlife
1708:Gibbeting
1645:Cremation
1610:Taxidermy
1585:Embalming
1461:Micromort
1407:Mortality
1184:Autolysis
1142:Autophagy
1137:Apoptosis
834:: 41–47.
743:1556-2891
708:231988953
692:1344-6223
600:0379-0738
401:132436926
353:144565878
271:autolysis
256:chemistry
2382:Category
2352:Thanabot
2303:Necronym
2273:Homicide
1824:Obituary
1812:Mourning
1802:Internet
1745:Cemetery
1620:Disposal
1573:Cryonics
1242:Abortion
1209:Pyknosis
1075:Necrosis
1011:12082791
1003:26190264
961:22727573
922:19773138
848:25544693
813:20707280
786:21542228
759:32152746
751:19946767
700:33610931
657:26232848
608:26092190
303:nitrates
279:bacteria
2392:Outline
2340:Suicide
1980:Inquest
1947:Coroner
1839:Saṃsāra
1807:Midwife
1792:Funeral
1767:Customs
1740:Carrion
1439:Karoshi
1252:Autopsy
1132:Anoikis
871:Bibcode
295:methane
2293:Martyr
2029:Fields
1990:Murder
1906:Séance
1876:Ghosts
1760:Tukdam
1628:Burial
1510:Stages
1194:Eschar
1009:
1001:
959:
920:
846:
811:
784:
757:
749:
741:
706:
698:
690:
655:
606:
598:
559:
549:
503:
461:
435:
399:
389:
351:
341:
2359:]
2333:human
2099:Other
2043:]
1915:Legal
1856:Vigil
1797:Grief
1345:Lists
1052:Death
1007:S2CID
979:(PDF)
755:S2CID
704:S2CID
397:S2CID
138:death
2020:Will
1501:Body
1471:RAMR
1127:AICD
999:PMID
957:PMID
918:PMID
844:PMID
809:PMID
782:PMID
747:PMID
739:ISSN
696:PMID
688:ISSN
653:PMID
604:PMID
596:ISSN
557:OCLC
547:ISBN
501:ISBN
459:ISBN
433:ISBN
387:ISBN
349:OCLC
339:ISBN
301:and
189:and
128:The
1274:DOA
991:doi
949:doi
945:222
910:doi
906:193
879:doi
836:doi
832:247
731:doi
680:doi
643:hdl
635:doi
631:254
588:doi
584:253
493:doi
425:doi
379:doi
287:DNA
260:eye
134:PMI
2409::
2357:ca
2041:pt
1005:.
997:.
987:60
985:.
981:.
955:.
943:.
939:.
916:.
904:.
877:.
865:.
842:.
830:.
805:26
803:.
778:27
776:.
753:.
745:.
737:.
725:.
702:.
694:.
686:.
676:50
674:.
651:.
641:.
629:.
625:.
602:.
594:.
582:.
578:.
555:.
499:,
487:,
473:^
431:,
409:^
395:.
385:.
377:.
361:^
347:.
325:^
297:,
269::
219:.
185:,
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1013:.
993::
963:.
951::
924:.
912::
885:.
881::
873::
867:2
850:.
838::
815:.
788:.
761:.
733::
727:6
710:.
682::
659:.
645::
637::
610:.
590::
563:.
495::
467:.
427::
403:.
381::
355:.
132:(
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
