256:, and eight other federal lawmakers attended ACT for America's national conference in Washington, D.C. The SPLC has designated ACT for America as an anti-Muslim hate group. Former Washington State Rep. Matt Shea received an award from ACT in 2015. “I have proudly served my country, fighting against terrorism during combat tours in Bosnia and Iraq, but 9/11 taught us a hard lesson that we must be ever vigilant here in our homeland. We must always be prepared and ACT in defense of our country, the Constitution, and freedom," Shea said after receiving the award.
264:
and scholar Deepa Kumar observes, “In the political sphere, particularly during an election year, Islamophobia serves to garner political support for candidates, which they hope to translate into votes. While Donald Trump is the most egregious and visible voice of anti-Muslim racism in this group, the phenomenon is far bigger than Trump. As I have argued elsewhere, this is a bipartisan project. The endless war on terror that has consumed trillions of dollars could not be sustained without the fear of a Muslim terrorist enemy.”
2133:
208:
in 2010 with the opposition to the Park51 Islamic center in New York City. In his book The
Islamophobia Industry, author Nathan Lean writes, “The political and social climate of 2010 was ripe for expressions of hate. Nine years after September 11, 2001, a time when many would have expected anti-Muslim sentiment to be in decline. In fact, it was higher than the days and weeks following that horrible fall tragedy."
260:
election cycle,” said Robert McKenzie, a senior fellow at New
America, told The Intercept. “If spikes in anti-Muslim activity only occurred due to terrorism, we would expect to see more incidents following high-profile attacks like the Boston Marathon bombing and Charlie Hebdo, but we didn't. What we do have are folks running for elected office who are using megaphones to talk about how dangerous Muslims are.”
2145:
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211:
In 2010, a proposed
Islamic center in New York City's Lower Manhattan became a flashpoint of Islamophobia in the United States. The effort was largely led by Robert Spencer and Pamela Geller, two anti-Muslim bloggers who would go on to form the Stop the Islamization of America group. The two came out
144:
were removed from a U.S. airliner in
November 2006 when they prayed before the flight and showed "suspicious behavior". Various government agencies and police forces in the U.S. have asked people to watch people around them and report "unusual" behavior, and signs posted in all public places request
63:
We also must never forget the most vivid events of recent history. On
September the 11th, 2001, America felt its vulnerability – even to threats that gather on the other side of the earth. We resolved then, and we are resolved today, to confront every threat, from any source, that could bring sudden
263:
A 2019 poll conducted by the
Institute for Social Policy and Understanding found that politics are more likely to drive Islamophobia than one's faith. The poll also found that those who espouse Islamophobic beliefs are more likely to be intolerant towards Jewish people or LGBT people. And as author
207:
While hate crimes and biased incidents against
Muslims or those perceived to be Muslim increased in the post-September 11 era, the sophisticated network of anti-Muslim groups did not fully shape up until around the time Barack Obama became president. The movement's mass organizing arm came together
259:
Politics appear to be one of the main drivers of
Islamophobia. A 2018 report from New America found that bigoted election campaigns were more likely to drive anti-Muslim activity rather than terrorist attacks. “Looking at the statistics, it is clear that the rise in these incidents are tied to the
183:
In the years following the terrorist attacks on
September 11, 2001, a cottage industry of misinformation experts devoted to spreading anti-Islam sentiment took root in the United States. The industry is made up of a tight-knit core of think tanks, pseudo-scholars, bloggers, and activists that are
216:
Islamic center, or the “Ground Zero Mosque” as it was later dubbed given its proximity to the fallen World Trade Center Towers. Geller claimed the mosque would be viewed by
Muslims worldwide as a “triumphal monument” built on “conquered land.” Others political figures joined in on spreading
232:
Organized Islamophobia has since grown in the since after the September 11 attacks. The Southern Poverty Law Center reported a 197 percent increase in anti-Muslim hate groups between 2015 and 2016, rising from 34 to 101 active groups. The number has remained high since, with SPLC documenting 72
224:
Geller and Spencer staged a protest against the mosque in 2010, which drew crowds both in support and opposition to the proposed Islamic center. In 2011, Spencer and Geller co-produced a film entitled, “The Ground Zero Mosque: Second Wave of the 9/11 Attacks.” This would be the first of several
240:
have provided space to Islamophobic figures like Brigitte Gabriel, Robert Spencer, and Frank Gaffney. These figures are repeatedly invited on Fox to discuss Islam, terrorism, and national security, despite their biased agenda. Media outlets like CNN (source) and MSNBC have also been accused of
68:
The attacks led to significant and widespread changes in U.S. politics and foreign policy. Domestically, both parties rallied around new or strengthened anti-terrorism legislation. Much of this legislation has been funded by western countries. Since 9/11 and as of 2011, there have been 119,044
204:, “The state has linked Muslims, whether immigrants or citizens, living in the United States or abroad, to the suspicion of terrorism, and has formally enacted a two-front war: the foreign war, and the surveillance, policing, and cultural wars deployed within the country.”
139:
In the U.S., many activities of foreigners or American citizens, which, prior to 9/11, would be viewed innocently (or as just eccentric), are now viewed with suspicion, especially in regards to the behavior of anyone who looks "Arab" in terms of clothing or skin color.
271:
found that Islamophobic think tanks made $ 42.6 million between 2001 and 2009. A 2019 report from the Council on American-Islamic Relations found $ 125 million has been funneled to Islamophobic groups through foundations and donor-advised funds between 2014 and 2016.
125:
policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Energy.
1729:
402:
was also changed. The original video depicted animated characters of the band playing in a New York skyscraper with the World Trade Center in the background and planes flying near by. The band later jump from the window of the building.
2008:
248:
has appeared at events put on the anti-Muslim think tank Center for Security Policy. Cruz tapped Center for Security Policy founder Frank Gaffney to serve on his foreign policy advisory during his 2016 presidential run.
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Spreading Islamophobia proved to be politically expedient in the post-September 11 era. Islamophobic group members have gained political allies at the federal and state level. Senator
1943:
1741:
1475:
1707:
1514:
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188:” movement, this social movement mainly exists to manufacture fear of Islam. This movement materialized post- September 11, 2001, in parallel with the United States government's “
501:
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well-disciplined in their anti-Islamic messaging. These figures have gained in-roads with conservative media as well as in mainstream politics. Sometimes referred to as the “
85:
1595:
1453:
357:. The album, initially released in June of that year in Australia, was released stateside on October 9, with "New York City Cops" removed and replaced with the newer "
267:
Peddling Islamophobic rhetoric in the post-September 11 world has become a lucrative job with millions of dollars sloshing around the movement. A 2013 report from the
217:
conspiracy theories about Park51. Former American vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin called it “an intolerable mistake on hallowed ground.” Former House Speaker
2118:
1190:
2171:
1935:
1915:
1824:
1423:
284:, auto usage increased after the attacks. This resulted in an estimated 1,595 additional highway deaths in the ensuing year. This fear of flying also created the
1953:
1681:
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146:
103:
97:
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618:
487:
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88:, which resulted in the Taliban gaining control of all of Afghanistan. In the later phases of the war and afterwards, the war was viewed widely unfavorably.
1809:
2148:
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Americans – as well as those perceived to be members of these groups – have been victims of threats, vandalism, arson, and murder in the United States.
149:
has advised citizens to "be vigilant, take notice of your surroundings, and report suspicious items or activities to local authorities immediately."
1038:
531:
69:
anti-terror arrests and 35,117 convictions in 66 countries. By contrast, before 9/11 there were only a few hundred terrorism convictions each year.
1977:
107:
1064:
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1294:
Blalock, Garrick; Kadiyali, Vrinda; Simon, Daniel H. (2007). "The Impact of Post-9/11 Airport Security Measures on the Demand for Air Travel".
313:
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1013:"Center for Security Policy Honors Sen. Ted Cruz, State of Texas and Heroes of Hurricane Harvey at Annual Keeper of the Flame Dinner"
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601:
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1463:
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571:
113:
With approximately 184,000 employees, DHS is the third-largest cabinet department in the U.S. federal government, after the
857:
619:
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/12_Rise_of_Alt_Right_-_Fahmy_-_Islam_and_Human_Rights_Report.pdf
2136:
1409:
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charged with protecting the territory of the United States from terrorist attacks and responding to natural disasters.
46:, characterized by heightened suspicion of non-Americans in the United States, increased government efforts to address
1766:
1560:
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1212:
935:"Hate Group Leader Brigitte Gabriel Says The Faith Of "1.6 Billion Muslims … Is Not Compatible With Our Constitution""
659:
1238:"New CAIR Report: Anonymous Donors Use Mainstream Philanthropic Groups to Funnel Millions to Anti-Muslim Hate Groups"
1065:"Rep. Matt Shea receives national award for work on anti-terrorism legislation - Washington State House Republicans"
479:
459:
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1966:
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336:
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987:
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1987:
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422:, he changed the lyrics to, "There's an acapella zombie singing down Broadway" instead of the line that he and
749:
1751:
1583:
386:
80:", lost popularity gradually. In 2011, polling indicated more than 60% of Americans opposed the war. In the
1901:
988:"MSNBC host Joy Reid declines to apologize for Muslim comments, suggests critics were 'not in good faith'"
523:
306:
or events similar to 9/11 have been edited in re-airings on television. One such example is an episode of
961:
835:
1555:
776:"Newt Gingrich: Return of the Mack | WNYC | New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News"
602:"Civil Rights Division National Origin Working Group Initiative to Combat Post-Terrorism Discrimination"
141:
1377:
Urban Legends Reference Pages: Radio, Radio. Published September 18, 2001. Accessed February 10, 2008.
1068:
724:
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1432:
391:
81:
43:
1211:
Ali, Wajahat; Clifton, Eli; Duss, Matthew; Fang, Lee; Keyes, Scott; Shakir, Faiz (August 26, 2011).
658:
Ali, Wajahat; Clifton, Eli; Duss, Matthew; Fang, Lee; Keyes, Scott; Shakir, Faiz (August 26, 2011).
382:
2103:
1327:
1319:
913:
351:, originally had "New York City Cops" as the ninth track on their 2001 breakthrough debut album
233:
anti-Muslim hate groups in 2020. These groups continued to gain in-roads in media and politics.
775:
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1311:
1274:
1270:
1264:
809:
689:
415:
200:, and domestic surveillance programs. As author and scholar Khaled Beydoun writes in his book
122:
1362:
The Simpsons season 9 DVD commentary for the episode "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson"
1347:
The Simpsons season 9 DVD commentary for the episode "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson"
801:
1303:
1266:
The Science of Fear: Why We Fear the Things We Shouldn't—and Put Ourselves in Greater Danger
2026:
2019:
1896:
1819:
605:
466:
440:
411:
369:
365:
358:
2003:
225:
high-profile mosque opposition campaigns, with another taking place in that same year in
1164:"Islamophobia is about politics, not faith: New study explores impact on 2020 elections"
1090:
374:
302:
Films and television programs produced before 2001 that feature the Twin Towers of the
281:
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399:
331:
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on September 11, 2001. The cover art depicted the Manhattan skyline, including the
308:
1331:
1191:"Expanding the Definition of Islamophobia: Idology, Empire, and the War on Terror"
645:"Part 2: The Mediatized Islamophobia in America: What is Beyond Othering Muslims?"
579:
395:
before it was released which originally depicted a picture of a plane in mid-air.
327:. The songs were not banned outright, but stations were advised not to play them.
2093:
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2013:
407:
348:
253:
170:
288:(TSA), which is used to increase safety and reduce fear of flying in citizens.
1925:
1323:
907:
423:
353:
1315:
813:
644:
2033:
1117:"Bigoted Election Campaigns, Not Terror Attacks, Drive Anti-Muslim Activity"
47:
426:
had sung for years, "There's a high-wire zombie between the World Trades".
106:(DHS) in response to the attacks. DHS is a cabinet-level department of the
1142:"American Muslim Poll 2019: Predicting and Preventing Islamophobia | ISPU"
545:
2058:
1920:
1814:
1374:
245:
237:
197:
77:
17:
962:"TV media's most Islamophobic moments in 2015, in one infuriating video"
344:
towers in flames. It was immediately recalled, and the artwork altered.
1401:
1387:
882:
711:
The Islamophobia Industry: How the Right Manufactures Fear of Muslims
213:
162:
1198:
Countering the Islamophobia IndustryToward More Effective Strategies
1039:"Anti-Muslim Hate Group Plays Host to Trump Advisers, GOP Lawmakers"
1307:
909:'Rise of Radical Islam' - Sean Hannity Special - [Complete]
436:
List of unsuccessful terrorist plots in the United States post-9/11
398:
The music video for a song called 'Piece By Piece' by British band
385:
were forced to change the name of their single 'Speed Kills' to "
166:
158:
1405:
1213:"Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America"
1017:
Hamilton Strategies - Communicating Truth to a Culture in Need
660:"Fear, Inc.: The Roots of the Islamophobia Network in America"
323:(an owner of over 1,000 radio stations in the U.S.) released
27:
Time period after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001
631:"New database exposes anti-Muslim legislation across the US"
176:
Anti-Muslim bias has also shown up in politics, policy, and
837:
The Ground Zero Mosque: The Second Wave of the 9/11 Attacks
389:". They also changed the original artwork for their album
298:
List of entertainment affected by the September 11 attacks
750:"The US blogger on a mission to halt 'Islamic takeover'"
316:," the main setting of which is the World Trade Center.
64:
terror and suffering to America. – George W. Bush, 2002.
1091:"Anti-Muslim Activities in the United States 2012-2018"
84:, the war came to an end as American and allied forces
1244:(Press release). Council on American-Islamic Relations
145:
citizens to report anything out of the ordinary. The
2048:
View from Williamsburg, Brooklyn, on Manhattan, 9/11
1777:
Victims of Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon Memorial
1996:
1934:
1860:
1802:
1695:
1608:
1571:
1525:
1489:
1439:
1115:Hussain, Murtaza; Saleh, Maryam (March 11, 2018).
480:"AP IMPACT: 35,000 worldwide convicted for terror"
524:"Poll: Suspicion of Arabs, Arab-Americans deepen"
802:"Proposed Muslim Center Draws Opposing Protests"
688:. University of California Press. p. 97.
546:"Imams removed from flight may sue passengers"
1417:
378:, to a self-titled album, after the attacks.
147:United States Department of Homeland Security
98:United States Department of Homeland Security
8:
1880:September 11 intelligence before the attacks
1424:
1410:
1402:
221:lamented it as “an act of triumphalism.”
102:The United States government created the
800:Grynbaum, Michael M. (August 22, 2010).
372:changed the title of their third album,
452:
108:federal government of the United States
1394:from the original on October 24, 2009.
1375:http://www.snopes.com/rumors/radio.htm
986:Wulfsohn, Joseph (September 2, 2020).
916:from the original on December 19, 2021
325:a list of songs deemed "inappropriate"
314:The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson
286:Transportation Security Administration
2172:Aftermath of the September 11 attacks
534:from the original on October 6, 2001.
32:Aftermath of the September 11 attacks
7:
2074:Disappearance of Michele Anne Harris
460:President Bush Outlines Iraqi Threat
2187:Social history of the United States
2144:
1200:: 63 – via The Carter Center.
1067:. December 19, 2015. Archived from
960:Lopez, German (December 30, 2015).
490:from the original on March 5, 2016.
469:, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 7, 2002
2069:Disappearance of Sneha Anne Philip
1296:The Journal of Law & Economics
25:
1784:World Trade Center Health Program
2143:
2132:
2131:
2114:Emma E. Booker Elementary School
858:"The Year in Hate and Extremism"
2041:Raising the Flag at Ground Zero
280:Due to many Americans having a
104:Department of Homeland Security
92:Department of Homeland Security
361:" as a result of the attacks.
252:Republican Reps. Scott Perry,
212:in opposition to the proposed
119:Department of Veterans Affairs
1:
1464:7 World Trade Center collapse
347:Another New York-based band,
334:released a live album titled
42:period is the time after the
2079:Murder of Balbir Singh Sodhi
1794:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
1687:Unsuccessful terrorist plots
1217:Center for American Progress
664:Center for American Progress
321:Clear Channel Communications
269:Center for American Progress
76:, once viewed largely as a "
1767:Flight 93 National Memorial
1561:Delta Air Lines Flight 1989
1543:American Airlines Flight 77
1533:American Airlines Flight 11
1459:World Trade Center collapse
887:Southern Poverty Law Center
862:Southern Poverty Law Center
502:"CNN Poll: U.S. opposition"
2203:
1868:U.S. congressional inquiry
1789:Killing of Osama bin Laden
1730:Rescue and recovery effort
1631:closings and cancellations
1538:United Airlines Flight 175
295:
95:
29:
2127:
1967:Cartoonists Remember 9/11
1600:Shanksville, Pennsylvania
1548:United Airlines Flight 93
939:Media Matters for America
713:. Pluto Press. p. 3.
337:Live Scenes from New York
86:withdrew from Afghanistan
2084:Killing of Henryk Siwiak
1988:Clear Channel memorandum
1762:9/11 Memorial and Museum
1703:U.S. government response
1364:(DVD). 20th Century Fox.
1360:Weinstein, Josh (2006).
1349:(DVD). 20th Century Fox.
1269:. Dutton Adult. p.
1263:Gardner, Daniel (2008).
684:Beydoun, Khaled (2018).
572:"DHS - Report Incidents"
330:The New York-based band
241:fomenting Islamophobia.
50:, and a more aggressive
1885:August 2001 CIA warning
1752:Operation Yellow Ribbon
1616:Immediate repercussions
387:The People That We Love
227:Murfreesboro, Tennessee
153:Discriminatory backlash
52:American foreign policy
2182:Consequences of events
1973:Entertainment affected
1757:Memorials and services
1708:U.S. military response
1471:Remainder of September
530:. September 16, 2001.
66:
58:Political consequences
1556:Korean Air Flight 085
1552:Suspected hijackings
1345:Oakley, Bill (2006).
1189:Kumar, Deepa (2018).
709:Lean, Nathan (2012).
686:American Islamophobia
608:on February 13, 2007.
486:. September 4, 2011.
368:, American rock band
296:Further information:
202:American Islamophobia
130:Societal consequences
115:Department of Defense
61:
2089:Mark Anthony Stroman
1742:Financial assistance
1433:September 11 attacks
1071:on December 19, 2015
512:on October 31, 2011.
44:September 11 attacks
2119:Media documentation
1944:Cultural references
1723:North-West Pakistan
1675:conspiracy theories
1626:buildings destroyed
1045:. September 8, 2016
1019:. November 17, 2017
236:Media outlets like
157:Since the attacks,
2104:Alicia Esteve Head
1916:NIST investigation
1825:Alleged Saudi role
1579:World Trade Center
1526:Hijacked airliners
1454:September 11, 2001
1242:www.prnewswire.com
806:The New York Times
465:2013-03-07 at the
342:World Trade Center
304:World Trade Center
82:2021 fall of Kabul
74:war in Afghanistan
2177:Post–Cold War era
2159:
2158:
1903:Commission Report
1772:Pentagon Memorial
1747:Operation SUPPORT
1735:maritime response
1621:artwork destroyed
1280:978-0-525-95062-2
1043:Rewire News Group
756:. August 20, 2010
633:. April 25, 2018.
416:The GrooveBarbers
123:Homeland security
16:(Redirected from
2194:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2134:
2054:Tourist Guy hoax
1936:Cultural effects
1663:airport security
1426:
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1144:. April 15, 2019
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604:. Archived from
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578:. Archived from
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552:. March 31, 2007
542:
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508:. Archived from
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192:,” invasions of
142:Six Muslim imams
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2027:Impending Death
2020:The Falling Man
1992:
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1897:9/11 Commission
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1820:Osama bin Laden
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941:. July 15, 2016
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412:Zombie Jamboree
370:Jimmy Eat World
366:self-censorship
359:When It Started
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276:Safety concerns
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375:Bleed American
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2018:
2004:Edna CintrĂłn
1965:
1902:
1890:Phoenix Memo
1873:the 28 pages
1847:Hamburg cell
1803:Perpetrators
1658:local health
1647:
1598: /
1591:The Pentagon
1481:Post-October
1388:"Feeder FAQ"
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1248:September 2,
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319:After 9/11,
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2150:WikiProject
2094:Larme Price
2014:Patriot Day
1718:Afghanistan
1572:Crash sites
1095:New America
725:"Religions"
408:Sean Altman
349:The Strokes
254:Brian Babin
194:Afghanistan
171:South-Asian
2166:Categories
1926:ThinThread
1636:detentions
1596:Stonycreek
1497:Casualties
883:"Hate Map"
484:Yahoo News
447:References
424:Rockapella
410:recorded "
354:Is This It
292:Censorship
30:See also:
2034:Dust Lady
2009:War games
1909:criticism
1861:Inquiries
1835:Hijackers
1670:Reactions
1648:Post-9/11
1609:Aftermath
1316:0022-2186
814:0362-4331
586:April 27,
556:April 27,
528:USA Today
135:Suspicion
48:terrorism
40:post-9/11
18:Post 9/11
2138:Category
2059:Iraq War
1921:PENTTBOM
1815:Al-Qaeda
1696:Response
1449:Planning
1441:Timeline
1392:Archived
992:Fox News
914:archived
550:NBC News
532:Archived
488:Archived
463:Archived
430:See also
246:Ted Cruz
238:Fox News
117:and the
78:just war
1830:Motives
1653:economy
1490:Victims
1476:October
576:dhs.gov
1954:comics
1852:Trials
1332:681649
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418:album
414:" for
400:Feeder
214:Park51
169:, and
163:Muslim
1978:Humor
1959:books
1949:songs
1501:List
1328:S2CID
1320:JSTOR
1194:(PDF)
1168:Salon
406:When
178:media
1584:site
1312:ISSN
1275:ISBN
1250:2021
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1176:2021
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780:WNYC
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690:ISBN
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588:2018
558:2018
420:Guts
383:Bush
198:Iraq
196:and
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159:Arab
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