58:
455:) in that it seeks to identify and build on what is already working, rather than focusing on what is not. Post-growth advocates try to encourage, connect and further develop already existing ideas, concepts, technologies, systems, initiatives, and actions. In this way, "post-growth" does not specify the answer to the limits-to-growth challenge, as "steady state economics" and "degrowth" attempt to do, but rather, seeks to understand and address this challenge from an evolving
643:, global dependence on Ukrainian grain). The longer the supply chains are the more fragile and less resilient they are in crisis. Stability is given by short distances between Production and consumption. There is a need for reactivation of basic skills such as gardening and repair satisfying basic needs without using monetary based, international dependent markets. Restructuring self- and foreign provided support should reduce money and growth dependency. Subsistence,
520:
Just as there are many ways of living now in a growth-oriented society, a multitude of post growth futures are possible and many ways of living post growth already exist today. What these futures hold in common is a desire to separate good growth from bad, and to develop human potential and happiness
459:
perspective. With this perspective, post-growth deals with all aspects of self and society (such as psychology, human nature, human evolution, cultures, social systems and economies) and the interrelation of all of these aspects. Accordingly, the post-growth concept also advocates solutions that are
521:
within, and in relation to, a physically finite earth. A post growth economy puts life and everything needed to maintain it at the center of economic and social activity as opposed to the never-ending accumulation of money, and the pursuit of growth of all kinds without regard for its consequences.
474:
demonstrates that building a âpost-growthâ economy is indeed a "precise, definable and meaningful task". Starting from clear first principles, he sets out the dimensions of that task: the nature of enterprise; the quality of our working lives; the structure of investment; and the role of the money
463:
Post-growth can be considered an asset-based approach to community development â applied not only to community development but across a wide range of categories â in response to limits-to-growth challenges, as it seeks to identify and build on cultural and technological assets to facilitate the
670:
Institutional innovations: soil and monetary reforms, implementing local currencies equipped with interest free circulation safety. Environmental exposure limited by universal usage rights for each prosumer oriented on the planets capabilities to deal with pollution and carbon dioxide (Paech
531:
There is an increasing number of post-growth-oriented initiatives that are emerging in order to create prosperity in locally resilient, self-sufficient ways. Often these initiatives have come about as a response to sustainability issues. One example of a post-growth initiative is the
666:
Goods that can not be avoided, such as high-technology like medical equipment, computers and agricultural tools and vehicles shall be limited in production, shared, repaired and used as long and intensive as possible making overproduction and scrapping
635:
decluttering and deceleration: it is pure economical logic to get rid of unnecessary goods and gadgets, claiming time, money, space and ecological resources providing little use. Individuals and society shall be liberated from unnecessary
621:
economical growth has economical limits like "peak oil". High demand for certain resources limits production capabilities. Highest demands in nations like China or India increases costs for resources that have been essential for growth so
650:
regional economics would decrease risks such as climate change(or the impact of global events like the
Ukraine war on energy prices) since there is less need for individual mobility and transportation of goods. It should be supported by
570:
is an annual, global post-growth event, in which people give away money to strangers as a way of sparking dialogues and critical thinking about money, peoples' relationships with money, and the value of economics based on sharing.
584:
or cosmolocalism has been proposed as a structural framework for post-growth technology. It organises production by prioritising socio-ecological well-being over corporate profits, over-production and excess consumption.
440:
639:
balance out self and external supply. Dependence on external growth based economy supplies is at risk since interdependencies cause fragility (e.g.European dependence on
Russian petrol/gas till the
612:
there is no empirical or theoretical reason to disconnect economical growth via markets and money from mankind exterminating risks caused by ecological destruction such as the climate crisis
564:). Post-growth ideas and actions are gaining international attention in the mainstream media, as The Guardian and Treehugger both featured articles about the post-growth movement in 2012.
808:
1030:
Crownshaw, Timothy; Morgan, Caitlin; Adams, Alison; Sers, Martin; Britto dos Santos, NatĂĄlia; Damiano, Alice; Gilbert, Laura; Yahya Haage, Gabriel; Horen
Greenford, Daniel (2019).
618:
the "imperative logic of growth", decreasing hunger, poverty(trend of global improvement interrupted in 2020) and economical inequality by further economical growth is ambivalent
659:
allow the consumers participation in the production and distribution of supplies while sharing the risks of farming while creating more biological awareness, making consumers
460:
appropriate with regards to place, time, resource and cultural factors. Therefore, post-growth initiatives take shape in very different ways under different circumstances.
655:
keeping purchasing power in the region while using the advantages of monetary based economies, avoiding the risks of monetary integration in global markets. Concepts like
516:
A main concept present in the post-growth movement is that there is not one post-growth future, but a diverse range of post-growth futures that can unfold simultaneously.
832:
1194:
1393:
705:
697:
387:
231:
1169:
1139:
684:
There are many organizations worldwide that are dealing explicitly with ideas about how to move beyond the growth-centered paradigm. These include: the
259:
701:
507:
Thinking and acting according to values of cooperation, sharing, social justice and ecological stewardship, on local as well as global levels.
119:
1809:
1643:
380:
1117:
1014:
986:
1372:"Nachhaltigkeit zwischen ökologischer Konsistenz und Dematerialisierung: Hat sich die Wachstumsfrage erledigt? | umweltethik.at"
689:
656:
578:
that aimed to highlight influential post-growth thinkers âwhose collective contributions enrich paths to sustainable futuresâ.
252:
94:
1768:
1226:
287:
1594:
373:
41:
1283:
31:
1484:
1741:
640:
615:
after achieving a certain level of income there is no further improvement of happiness achieving more monetary income
1619:
1257:
575:
770:
504:
Using wisdom gained in the growth-based economic era (and before it) in order to transcend to sustainable futures.
815:
696:, Post Growth Guide, the Danish Degrowth Network; Degrowth Vancouver; the Donella Meadows Institute; Feasta: The
466:
280:
174:
139:
1147:
1804:
1069:
709:
545:
494:
189:
1202:
1814:
838:
821:
792:
717:
713:
561:
490:
Recognising that, due to these limits, it is necessary to embrace shifting beyond economic growth as a goal.
471:
324:
214:
79:
1509:"The World #InequalityReport 2022 presents the most up-to-date & complete data on inequality worldwide"
1224:
Jackson, Tim (2019). "The Post-growth
Challenge: Secular Stagnation, Inequality and the Limits to Growth".
685:
853:
733:
427:
408:
57:
1567:
721:
581:
1336:"Beyond global versus local: illuminating a cosmolocal framework for convivial technology development"
1559:
826:
786:
780:
765:
541:
452:
431:
339:
266:
134:
49:
775:
644:
533:
349:
204:
199:
179:
843:
498:
273:
99:
1335:
1442:
1401:
1353:
1113:
1010:
982:
937:
848:
797:
419:
164:
144:
114:
109:
84:
729:
647:, exchange rings, common use of land and tools are practical approaches for de-globalisation.
1695:
1434:
1371:
1343:
1235:
1088:
1078:
1043:
946:
911:
802:
725:
184:
900:"Post-capitalism, post-growth, post-consumerism? Eco-political hopes beyond sustainability"
444:) it is necessary to look for other indicators and techniques to increase human wellbeing.
1667:
1580:
1253:
456:
423:
404:
359:
209:
169:
129:
124:
104:
978:
1093:
1064:
426:
can generate beneficial effects up to a point, but beyond that point (cited as $ 25,000
652:
567:
354:
334:
89:
1696:"Niko Paech: GrundzĂŒge einer Postwachstumsökonomie (2009) â postwachstumsoekonomie.de"
1460:
1798:
1533:
933:"Public acceptance of post-growth: Factors and implications for post-growth strategy"
737:
319:
314:
1776:
1239:
760:
755:
435:
412:
951:
932:
916:
899:
1284:"Free Money Day: On Lehman Brothers' Death Anniversary, Activists Pay It Forward"
971:
597:
analysed current problems and possible solutions in his publications since 2005.
560:
are good examples of how voluntary simplicity can be put into practice (see the
553:
329:
219:
194:
1348:
1083:
574:
In 2012, the Post Growth
Institute released the (En)Rich List, a parody of the
493:
Shifting focus from current metrics of success such as GDP to new ones such as
594:
549:
447:
Post-growth can be distinguished from similar concepts and movements (such as
1446:
1405:
1357:
1048:
1031:
1745:
1644:"How will the end of the Ukraine grain deal hurt Africa? â DW â 07/19/2023"
724:; Research and Degrowth; the Simplicity Institute; the Transition Culture (
407:
concerning the limits-to-growth dilemma â recognition that, on a planet of
64:
Humanity's economic system viewed as a subsystem of the global environment
17:
660:
537:
448:
309:
600:
Paech sketches four reasons for and five steps to implement his theory.
1394:"Climate endgame: risk of human extinction 'dangerously underexplored'"
750:
693:
557:
415:
1438:
56:
692:; Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), the
483:
The foundational points that connect "post-growth" perspectives are:
1431:
Working paper series / Institute for
Empirical Research in Economics
1427:"GlĂŒck: Die ökonomische Analyse (Happiness: The Economic Analysis)"
1334:
Kostakis, Vasilis; Niaros, Vasilis; Giotitsas, Chris (2023-06-30).
1063:
van
Woerden, Winne Fleur; van de Pas, Remco; Curtain, Joel (2023).
1032:"Over the horizon: Exploring the conditions of a post-growth world"
704:; the Institute for Studies in Happiness, Economy and Society; the
688:; the Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy; the
1426:
422:
cannot grow infinitely. The term "post-growth" acknowledges that
1508:
1065:"Post-growth economics: a must for planetary health justice"
548:
are also growing trends that can be considered post-growth.
536:, which seeks to create local resiliency in the context of
1558:
Cahill, Ben; Mazzocco, Ilaria; Huang, Chen (2023-02-08).
1309:
880:
1716:
1007:
Prosperity
Without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet
708:; Mouvement Quebecois pour une Decroissance Conviviale;
973:
Beyond Growth: the economics of sustainable development
874:
872:
870:
809:
Power Down: Options and
Actions for a Post-Carbon World
487:
Acknowledging limits to economic and population growth.
464:
emergence of post-growth futures. In his landmark work
1721:
1110:
The Spirit Level: Why Equality is Better for Everyone
1009:. Sustainable Development Commission. pp. 3â11.
1595:"Dependence on Russian gas by European country 2021"
1133:
1131:
1129:
970:
1618:European Council, Council of the European Union.
833:The Path to Degrowth in Overdeveloped Countries
518:
706:International Society for Ecological Economics
698:Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability
232:International Society for Ecological Economics
1560:"China Holds the Key to Global Energy Demand"
381:
8:
1425:Frey, Bruno S.; Stutzer, Alois (June 2009).
1534:"Global food crisis | World Food Programme"
388:
374:
36:
1347:
1108:Wilkinson, Richard; Kate Pickett (2010).
1092:
1082:
1047:
1000:
998:
977:. Washington D.C.: Beacon Press. p.
950:
915:
540:and climate change (Transition Network).
260:The Entropy Law and the Economic Process
866:
702:Gund Institute for Ecological Economics
48:
1576:
1565:
1140:"Post Growth Futures Are Already Here"
964:
962:
931:Paulson, Lily; BĂŒchs, Milena (2022).
120:Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare
7:
1672:emissions from transport come from?"
1282:New, Catherine (14 September 2012).
1112:. London: Penguin Books. p. 8.
526:Post Growth Institute, their website
1620:"Ukrainian grain exports explained"
1668:"Cars, planes, trains: where do CO
1258:"Germany's 'post growth' movement"
1195:"How to kick the growth addiction"
544:(also known as simple living) and
501:, and/or other well-being indices.
140:Sustainability, 'weak' vs 'strong'
25:
1392:Carrington, Damian (2022-08-01).
1138:Maclurcan, Donnie (9 July 2012).
470:(Routledge, 2017), the economist
881:"Post Growth Institute homepage"
690:Center for a New American Dream
657:Community supported agriculture
253:Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt
95:Ecological model of competition
1742:"The Zeitgeist Movement - FAQ"
1240:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.10.010
27:Beyond optimum economic growth
1:
1773:Post Growth Institute Website
952:10.1016/j.futures.2022.103020
917:10.1080/23269995.2017.1300415
1513:World Inequality Report 2022
716:; the Population Institute;
694:Postgrowth Economics Network
1810:Economics of sustainability
1199:Great Transition Initiative
1170:"Prosperity Without Growth"
898:BlĂŒhdorn, Ingolfur (2017).
641:Russian invasion of Ukraine
576:Forbes List of Billionaires
1831:
1349:10.1007/s11625-023-01378-1
1084:10.1186/s12992-023-00957-2
771:Genuine progress indicator
671:estimates 2-3 tonnes of CO
29:
816:Prosperity Without Growth
589:German post-growth theory
467:Prosperity Without Growth
409:finite material resources
281:Prosperity Without Growth
175:Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
90:Ecological market failure
1070:Globalization and Health
1049:10.1177/2053019618820350
710:New Economics Foundation
495:Gross national happiness
1767:Post Growth Institute.
1624:www.consilium.europa.eu
1308:Post Growth Institute.
1036:The Anthropocene Review
879:Post Growth Institute.
839:Tim Jackson (economist)
793:Participatory economics
718:Population Media Center
714:New Economics Institute
562:Testimony of Simplicity
512:Post-growth initiatives
325:Environmental economics
80:Carbon fee and dividend
1575:Cite journal requires
1340:Sustainability Science
854:Universal Basic Income
734:The Zeitgeist Movement
529:
61:
1485:"Global Inequalities"
1256:(19 September 2012).
1005:Jackson, Tim (2009).
969:Daly, Herman (1996).
885:Post Growth Institute
722:Post Carbon Institute
686:Post Growth Institute
680:Related organizations
593:The German economist
582:Cosmopolitan localism
185:E. F. Schumacher
60:
1227:Ecological Economics
827:Steady-state economy
787:The Limits to Growth
781:Humanistic economics
766:Ecological economics
542:Voluntary simplicity
453:steady-state economy
340:Planetary boundaries
288:Ecological Economics
267:The Limits to Growth
135:Steady-state economy
50:Ecological economics
30:For other uses, see
1769:"Forums and Groups"
1310:"The (En)Rich List"
776:Happiness economics
653:regional currencies
645:community gardening
534:Transition Movement
479:Foundational points
350:Sustainable finance
205:Richard B. Norgaard
200:Joan Martinez Alier
180:Kenneth E. Boulding
844:Traditional trades
499:Happy Planet Index
274:Small Is Beautiful
100:Ecosystem services
62:
1676:Our World in Data
1439:10.5167/uzh-51869
1374:(in German). 2005
1314:The (En)Rich List
849:Uneconomic growth
798:Political ecology
700:, Growthbusters;
432:Richard Wilkinson
398:
397:
165:Serhiy Podolynsky
145:Uneconomic growth
115:Entropy pessimism
110:Energy accounting
85:Carrying capacity
16:(Redirected from
1822:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1779:on 13 April 2013
1775:. Archived from
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1744:. Archived from
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1254:Jacobs, Sherelle
1250:
1244:
1243:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1201:. Archived from
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1150:on June 20, 2019
1146:. Archived from
1135:
1124:
1123:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1086:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1042:(1â2): 117â141.
1027:
1021:
1020:
1002:
993:
992:
976:
966:
957:
956:
954:
928:
922:
921:
919:
904:Global Discourse
895:
889:
888:
876:
803:Post-consumerism
726:Transition Towns
527:
441:The Spirit Level
390:
383:
376:
37:
21:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1805:Economic growth
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1574:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1288:Huffington Post
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1137:
1136:
1127:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
968:
967:
960:
930:
929:
925:
897:
896:
892:
878:
877:
868:
863:
858:
746:
682:
674:
591:
528:
525:
514:
481:
457:complex systems
424:economic growth
405:economic growth
403:is a stance on
394:
365:
364:
360:Thermoeconomics
305:
304:
295:
294:
247:
246:
237:
236:
210:Robert Costanza
170:Frederick Soddy
160:
159:
150:
149:
130:Spaceship Earth
125:Natural capital
105:Embodied energy
75:
74:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1828:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1815:Social economy
1812:
1807:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1759:
1748:on 29 May 2015
1733:
1708:
1687:
1669:
1659:
1635:
1610:
1586:
1577:|journal=
1550:
1525:
1500:
1476:
1452:
1417:
1384:
1363:
1326:
1300:
1274:
1245:
1216:
1186:
1161:
1125:
1118:
1100:
1055:
1022:
1015:
994:
987:
958:
923:
890:
865:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
829:
824:
819:
812:
805:
800:
795:
790:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
747:
745:
742:
681:
678:
677:
676:
672:
668:
664:
648:
637:
628:Implementation
624:
623:
619:
616:
613:
590:
587:
568:Free Money Day
523:
513:
510:
509:
508:
505:
502:
491:
488:
480:
477:
438:in their book
396:
395:
393:
392:
385:
378:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
357:
355:Thermodynamics
352:
347:
342:
337:
335:Green politics
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
306:
303:Related topics
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
284:
277:
270:
263:
256:
248:
244:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
226:Organizations:
223:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
76:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
53:
52:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1827:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1660:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1569:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1205:on 2017-04-25
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:9781846140396
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1016:9781844078943
1012:
1008:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
988:9780807047088
984:
980:
975:
974:
965:
963:
959:
953:
948:
944:
940:
939:
934:
927:
924:
918:
913:
909:
905:
901:
894:
891:
886:
882:
875:
873:
871:
867:
860:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:
830:
828:
825:
823:
822:Slow Movement
820:
818:
817:
813:
811:
810:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
743:
741:
739:
738:Via Campesina
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
679:
669:
665:
662:
658:
654:
649:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:
632:
630:
629:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
609:
607:
606:
601:
598:
596:
588:
586:
583:
579:
577:
572:
569:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
522:
517:
511:
506:
503:
500:
496:
492:
489:
486:
485:
484:
478:
476:
473:
469:
468:
461:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
406:
402:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
372:
371:
369:
368:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
320:Eco-socialism
318:
316:
315:Eco-investing
313:
311:
308:
307:
299:
298:
290:
289:
285:
283:
282:
278:
276:
275:
271:
269:
268:
264:
262:
261:
257:
255:
254:
250:
249:
241:
240:
233:
230:
229:
228:
227:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
162:
154:
153:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
69:
68:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1781:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1772:
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:
1711:
1700:. Retrieved
1690:
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1662:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:
1613:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1568:cite journal
1553:
1542:. Retrieved
1540:. 2022-06-24
1537:
1528:
1517:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1479:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1430:
1420:
1409:. Retrieved
1398:The Guardian
1397:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1366:
1339:
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1287:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1262:The Guardian
1261:
1248:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1203:the original
1198:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:the original
1143:
1109:
1103:
1074:
1068:
1058:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1006:
972:
942:
936:
926:
910:(1): 42â61.
907:
903:
893:
884:
831:
814:
807:
785:
761:Deep ecology
756:Club of Rome
683:
667:unnecessary.
627:
626:
625:
604:
603:
602:
599:
592:
580:
573:
566:
546:downshifting
530:
519:
515:
482:
465:
462:
446:
439:
436:Kate Pickett
400:
399:
344:
286:
279:
272:
265:
258:
251:
225:
224:
190:Robert Ayres
1698:(in German)
1538:www.wfp.org
1515:(in French)
1234:: 236â246.
554:ecovillages
497:(GNH), the
472:Tim Jackson
430:/capita by
420:populations
401:Post-growth
345:Post-growth
330:Externality
220:Clive Spash
215:Tim Jackson
195:Herman Daly
32:Zero growth
1799:Categories
1702:2023-07-26
1681:2023-07-26
1653:2023-07-26
1629:2023-07-26
1604:2023-07-26
1544:2023-07-26
1519:2023-07-26
1494:2023-07-26
1470:2023-07-26
1465:World Bank
1461:"Overview"
1411:2023-07-26
1378:2023-07-26
1144:Treehugger
945:: 103020.
861:References
595:Niko Paech
550:Tiny homes
413:extractive
18:Postgrowth
1447:1424-0459
1406:0261-3077
1358:1937-0709
1267:6 January
1077:(1): 55.
675:/capita).
661:prosumers
416:economies
291:(journal)
1599:Statista
1174:Rutledge
1094:10410890
744:See also
631: :
538:peak oil
524:â
475:supply.
449:degrowth
310:Degrowth
73:Concepts
42:a series
40:Part of
1783:2 April
1726:11 June
1433:(417).
1319:2 April
1293:2 April
1209:11 June
1179:11 June
1154:2 April
938:Futures
751:Agrowth
730:P2P Lab
728:); the
636:"goods"
605:Reasons
558:Quakers
1752:4 June
1717:"CUSP"
1648:dw.com
1445:
1404:
1356:
1116:
1091:
1013:
985:
736:; and
720:; the
556:, and
158:People
245:Works
1785:2013
1754:2015
1728:2017
1581:help
1443:ISSN
1402:ISSN
1354:ISSN
1321:2013
1295:2013
1269:2014
1211:2017
1181:2017
1156:2013
1114:ISBN
1011:ISBN
983:ISBN
451:and
434:and
418:and
1489:IMF
1435:doi
1344:doi
1236:doi
1232:156
1089:PMC
1079:doi
1044:doi
947:doi
943:143
912:doi
622:far
428:GDP
1801::
1771:.
1719:.
1674:.
1646:.
1622:.
1597:.
1572::
1570:}}
1566:{{
1536:.
1511:.
1487:.
1463:.
1441:.
1429:.
1400:.
1396:.
1352:.
1342:.
1338:.
1312:.
1286:.
1260:.
1230:.
1197:.
1172:.
1142:.
1128:^
1087:.
1075:19
1073:.
1067:.
1038:.
1034:.
997:^
981:.
979:37
961:^
941:.
935:.
906:.
902:.
883:.
869:^
740:.
732:;
712:;
608::
552:,
411:,
44:on
1787:.
1756:.
1730:.
1705:.
1684:.
1670:2
1656:.
1632:.
1607:.
1583:)
1579:(
1562:.
1547:.
1522:.
1497:.
1473:.
1449:.
1437::
1414:.
1381:.
1360:.
1346::
1323:.
1297:.
1271:.
1242:.
1238::
1213:.
1183:.
1158:.
1122:.
1097:.
1081::
1052:.
1046::
1040:6
1019:.
991:.
955:.
949::
920:.
914::
908:7
887:.
673:2
663:.
389:e
382:t
375:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
