82:
459:
60:
437:) is a native of North America, where it grows on alluvial bottomlands in the northeastern United States and Canada. It grows to a height of 30 metres and has yellow-grey bark, thick and furrowed, and coloured blackish at the base of the trunk. The twigs are yellow-brown to brown, the buds covered with a layer of balsam resin. The flowers and fruit are very much like those of the white poplar (
415:. The poplars in Southern California are tolerant of 100 plus degree heat. They grow along dry washes and dry riverbed's. The dry washes and dry riverbeds will have flowing water when it rains sufficiently. Their leaves hang down and are at an edge to the sun. This may be another factor why they can take the high heat. Their leaves tremble in the slightest breeze like the quaking aspen
406:
coating on the underside of the leaf; this latter distinguishes them from most other poplars. The name is derived from the pleasant balsam smell of the opening buds and leaves in spring, produced by a sticky gum on the buds which also helps protect the buds from
533:, is frequently planted as a shade tree in northern European cities. It is an attractive ornamental tree with whitish bark, and nearly rhombic, 6–10 cm long leaves which appear on the tree in early spring. Maximowicz' poplar or Japanese poplar (
411:
damage. The balsam poplars are light-demanding trees that require considerable moisture. Balsam poplars are tolerant of very cold conditions, occurring further north than other poplars except for the
639:
is soft, very light in weight, but strong for its weight, coarse and fibrous, does not polish or plane easily, and is used for pallet boxes and other similar rough uses.
661:
to make poplars grow fatter, with a smaller canopy, so that more trees can be grown more quickly in a small space, and to make the plants contain a higher proportion of
631:
Balsam poplars are cultivated mainly in parks for their ornamental, light-coloured bark and pleasant scent in spring. Western balsam poplar is also planted as a
650:
have also been developed for lumber production or for use as shade trees. These hybrids are selected for exceptionally fast growth and disease resistance.
1062:
81:
1057:
669:. The increased cellulose content would make them easier to convert into sugars and ethanol for biofuel or for pulp in paper mills.
499:. In the mountains of interior western North America, it is replaced by the willow-leaved poplar or narrowleaf cottonwood,
658:
992:
921:
890:
855:
824:
793:
762:
328:
917:
886:
851:
820:
789:
758:
1067:
1001:
839:
808:
777:
746:
950:
590:
294:
1006:
905:
870:
647:
606:
287:
228:
694:
596:
535:
501:
480:. It is the largest species of poplar, recorded to 65 m tall. It is also a very important species in
272:
214:
612:
541:
468:
425:
335:
323:
313:
306:
221:
28:
567:
262:
76:
733:
729:
485:
299:
718:
1052:
714:
643:
198:
458:
581:
525:
282:
250:
240:
119:
672:
The buds of various balsam poplars have long been combined with a lard base to make the
689:
677:
496:
384:
106:
1046:
481:
376:
255:
233:
36:
395:, and the leaf petiole being round (not flattened) in cross-section. They are large
439:
402:, 30–60 m tall, with leaves with a rounded base, pointed apex, and a whitish
155:
59:
977:
1029:
986:
565:; they have broader leaves. Another similar species is the laurel-leaf poplar (
576:
477:
165:
673:
662:
396:
1019:
1014:
971:
616:) are in need of further study, though these may well be balsam poplars.
572:
132:
654:
562:
372:
175:
666:
632:
575:), which differs from its relatives in narrower leaves shaped like a
493:
473:
408:
392:
145:
32:
944:
646:
between balsam poplars (particularly western balsam poplar) and the
623:
into species, at least for
Chinese populations, is not yet settled.
27:. For the balsam poplar of eastern and northern North America, see
601:
579:
leaf. Another putative member of this group is the Korean poplar (
558:
554:
530:
466:
The western balsam poplar, black cottonwood, or
California poplar
457:
444:
412:
340:
93:
636:
399:
380:
948:
403:
388:
657:
because of their fast growth. Researchers are aiming to use
619:
There are other species not listed here. How to classify
484:. It was announced on 15 September 2006 in the journal
904:
Fang, Cheng-fu; Zhao, Shi-dong; Skvortsov, Alexei K.
869:
Fang, Cheng-fu; Zhao, Shi-dong; Skvortsov, Alexei K.
838:
Fang, Cheng-fu; Zhao, Shi-dong; Skvortsov, Alexei K.
807:
Fang, Cheng-fu; Zhao, Shi-dong; Skvortsov, Alexei K.
776:
Fang, Cheng-fu; Zhao, Shi-dong; Skvortsov, Alexei K.
745:
Fang, Cheng-fu; Zhao, Shi-dong; Skvortsov, Alexei K.
19:
This article is about the various species in
Section
957:
604:is not yet resolved. Likewise, the affiliation of
492:became the first tree species to have its entire
553:) are similar, occurring in northeastern China,
8:
588:Whether the northeast Asian Sichuan poplar (
945:
58:
43:
472:is native to western North America, from
916:. Vol. 4 – via eFloras.org,
885:. Vol. 4 – via eFloras.org,
850:. Vol. 4 – via eFloras.org,
819:. Vol. 4 – via eFloras.org,
788:. Vol. 4 – via eFloras.org,
757:. Vol. 4 – via eFloras.org,
707:
653:Poplars are also of potential use for
35:. For the South-American homonym, see
371:) are a group of about 10 species of
7:
936:Field Guide to Medicinal Wild Plants
391:, the whitish undersides of their
14:
1063:Medicinal plants of North America
31:. For other kinds of balsam, see
734:Seeking the Genome for the Trees
80:
938:. Stackpole Books, 1978, p. 45.
1:
443:) which is a relative of the
719:First tree joins genome club
697:, South-American tacamahaca.
529:), a native of northwestern
509:is sometimes treated within
348:
922:Harvard University Herbaria
891:Harvard University Herbaria
856:Harvard University Herbaria
825:Harvard University Herbaria
794:Harvard University Herbaria
763:Harvard University Herbaria
462:Large western balsam poplar
1084:
18:
918:Missouri Botanical Garden
887:Missouri Botanical Garden
852:Missouri Botanical Garden
821:Missouri Botanical Garden
790:Missouri Botanical Garden
759:Missouri Botanical Garden
539:) and the Ussuri poplar (
210:
205:
77:Scientific classification
75:
66:
57:
46:
1058:Medicinal plants of Asia
993:Populus sect. Tacamahaca
600:belong here or with the
610:and the Yunnan poplar (
383:, distinguished by the
67:Western balsam poplar (
920:, St. Louis, MO &
889:, St. Louis, MO &
854:, St. Louis, MO &
823:, St. Louis, MO &
792:, St. Louis, MO &
761:, St. Louis, MO &
463:
318:Komarov (but see text)
461:
780:Populus maximowiczii
695:Protium heptaphyllum
273:Populus maximowiczii
215:Populus angustifolia
23:of the poplar genus
811:Populus ussuriensis
324:Populus yunnanensis
314:Populus ussuriensis
307:Populus trichocarpa
295:Populus szechuanica
222:Populus balsamifera
69:Populus trichocarpa
29:Populus balsamifera
934:Angier, Bradford.
842:Populus laurifolia
659:genetic techniques
476:south to northern
464:
423:The balsam poplar
263:Populus laurifolia
1040:
1039:
951:Taxon identifiers
355:
354:
343:
331:
319:
302:
290:
278:
268:
258:
246:
236:
229:Populus cathayana
201:
1075:
1033:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1009:
997:
996:
995:
982:
981:
980:
962:
946:
939:
932:
926:
925:
924:, Cambridge, MA.
901:
895:
894:
893:, Cambridge, MA.
866:
860:
859:
858:, Cambridge, MA.
835:
829:
828:
827:, Cambridge, MA.
804:
798:
797:
796:, Cambridge, MA.
773:
767:
766:
765:, Cambridge, MA.
742:
736:
727:
721:
712:
523:Simon's poplar (
375:, indigenous to
339:
336:Populus × jackii
327:
317:
298:
286:
276:
266:
254:
244:
232:
197:
85:
84:
62:
51:
44:
16:Group of poplars
1083:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1000:
991:
990:
985:
976:
975:
970:
960:
953:
943:
942:
933:
929:
903:
902:
898:
868:
867:
863:
837:
836:
832:
806:
805:
801:
775:
774:
770:
749:Populus simonii
744:
743:
739:
728:
724:
713:
709:
704:
686:
629:
547:P. maximowiczii
536:P. maximowiczii
502:P. angustifolia
421:
387:scent of their
283:Populus simonii
251:Populus koreana
241:Populus ciliata
196:
79:
49:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1068:Plant sections
1065:
1060:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1011:
998:
983:
967:
965:
955:
954:
949:
941:
940:
927:
914:Flora of China
896:
883:Flora of China
861:
848:Flora of China
830:
817:Flora of China
799:
786:Flora of China
768:
755:Flora of China
737:
722:
706:
705:
703:
700:
699:
698:
692:
690:Balm of Gilead
685:
682:
678:Balm of Gilead
628:
625:
613:P. yunnanensis
591:P. szechuanica
561:, and eastern
542:P. ussuriensis
515:P. balsamifera
511:P. balsamifera
507:P. trichocarpa
490:P. trichocarpa
469:P. trichocarpa
426:P. balsamifera
420:
417:
359:balsam poplars
353:
352:
345:
344:
332:
320:
310:
303:
291:
279:
269:
259:
247:
245:Wall. ex Royle
237:
225:
218:
208:
207:
203:
202:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
136:
135:
130:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
64:
63:
55:
54:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1080:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
994:
988:
984:
979:
973:
969:
968:
966:
964:
956:
952:
947:
937:
931:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
909:
900:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
878:
874:
865:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
843:
834:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
812:
803:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
781:
772:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
750:
741:
738:
735:
731:
726:
723:
720:
716:
711:
708:
701:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
683:
681:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
627:Use by humans
626:
624:
622:
617:
615:
614:
609:
608:
603:
599:
598:
593:
592:
586:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
569:
568:P. laurifolia
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
537:
532:
528:
527:
521:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
495:
491:
487:
483:
482:plant biology
479:
475:
471:
470:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
431:P. tacamahaca
428:
427:
418:
416:
414:
410:
405:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:North America
374:
370:
369:
365:
360:
351:
350:
342:
338:
337:
333:
330:
326:
325:
321:
316:
315:
311:
309:
308:
304:
301:
297:
296:
292:
289:
285:
284:
280:
275:
274:
270:
265:
264:
260:
257:
253:
252:
248:
243:
242:
238:
235:
231:
230:
226:
224:
223:
219:
217:
216:
212:
211:
209:
204:
200:
195:
194:
190:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:Tracheophytes
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
53:
45:
42:
38:
37:Protium copal
34:
30:
26:
22:
958:
935:
930:
913:
907:
899:
882:
876:
872:
864:
847:
841:
833:
816:
810:
802:
785:
779:
771:
754:
748:
740:
725:
710:
671:
652:
641:
630:
620:
618:
611:
607:P. cathayana
605:
595:
589:
587:
580:
566:
550:
546:
540:
534:
524:
522:
519:trichocarpa.
518:
514:
510:
506:
500:
489:
467:
465:
452:
448:
438:
435:P. candicans
434:
430:
424:
422:
379:and eastern
367:
363:
362:
358:
356:
346:
334:
322:
312:
305:
293:
281:
271:
261:
249:
239:
227:
220:
213:
192:
188:
187:
176:
156:Malpighiales
139:
126:
113:
100:
68:
47:
41:
24:
20:
987:Wikispecies
648:cottonwoods
551:barbinervis
120:Angiosperms
1047:Categories
963:Tacamahaca
877:Tacamahaca
702:References
635:crop. The
597:P. tristis
582:P. koreana
577:bay laurel
526:P. simonii
478:California
368:Tacamahaca
193:Tacamahaca
166:Salicaceae
52:Tacamahaca
21:Tacamahaca
978:Q15700186
676:ointment
674:vulnerary
663:cellulose
497:sequenced
397:deciduous
184:Section:
90:Kingdom:
25:(Populus)
1027:VASCAN:
1020:28301354
1015:Tropicos
972:Wikidata
959:Populus
684:See also
655:biofuels
642:Several
573:Mongolia
347:and see
300:Schneid.
206:Species
162:Family:
133:Eudicots
48:Populus
1053:Populus
908:Populus
873:Populus
730:Science
644:hybrids
621:Populus
563:Siberia
486:Science
453:Populus
449:Populus
440:P. alba
419:Species
373:poplars
364:Populus
277:A.Henry
189:Populus
177:Populus
172:Genus:
152:Order:
94:Plantae
1007:300253
875:Sect.
715:Nature
667:lignin
633:timber
602:aspens
594:) and
494:genome
474:Alaska
451:sect.
445:aspens
413:aspens
409:insect
393:leaves
385:balsam
366:sect.
267:Ledeb.
256:Rehder
234:Rehder
191:sect.
146:Rosids
33:Balsam
961:sect.
571:from
559:Korea
555:Japan
549:var.
531:China
517:ssp.
488:that
400:trees
341:Sarg.
288:Carr.
199:Spach
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
50:sect.
1030:2288
637:wood
404:waxy
389:buds
381:Asia
357:The
349:text
329:Dode
1002:FoC
665:to
585:).
513:as
505:.
455:).
429:(=
1049::
1017::
1004::
989::
974::
912:.
881:.
846:.
815:.
784:.
753:.
717::
680:.
557:,
545:=
433:,
142::
129::
116::
103::
71:)
910:"
906:"
879:"
871:"
844:"
840:"
813:"
809:"
782:"
778:"
751:"
747:"
732::
447:(
361:(
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
