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officials were given transport to France while the majority of Port-Royal residents remained unharmed. However, in violation of the surrender terms, Sedgwick's men rampaged through the Port-Royal monastery, smashing windows, doors, paneling and even the floor boards before burning the monastery and the newly constructed Port Royal church. The
English occupied Acadia for the next 16 years with a small garrison, leaving the Acadian residents mostly undisturbed.
1191:
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291:) as a social club ostensibly to promote better nutrition and to get settlers through the winter of 1606–07. Supper every few days became a feast with a festive air supplemented by performances and alcohol and was primarily attended by the prominent men of the colony and their Mi'kmaq neighbours while the Mi'kmaq women, children, and poorer settlers looked on and were offered scraps.
103:
335:, Maine) and then St. Croix Island. In October 1613, Argall surprised the settlers at Port-Royal and sacked every building. The battle destroyed the Habitation but it did not fully destroy the colony. Argall returned in November that same year and finally burned the Habitation to the ground while settlers were away nearby.
1110:
four
Acadians. Landing at Pointe aux Chesnes on the north shore, they took a family prisoner. A woman from the family was sent to the fort to demand its surrender. The blockade lasted seventeen days; those in the fort awaited an attack. Church had moved on to conduct the real purpose of his expedition: the
1109:
created a blockade of Port-Royal. Church was instructed not to attack the capital because the action was not authorized from London. Before daylight, on July 2, two
English warships and seven smaller vessels entered the Port Royal basin. They captured the guard station opposite Goat Island as well as
1268:
In the 150 years prior to the founding of
Halifax in 1749, Port-Royal/Annapolis Royal was the capital of Acadia and later Nova Scotia for most decades. During that time the British made six attempts to conquer Acadia by attacking the capital at Port-Royal. They finally defeated the French in 1710
879:
fought for two days and then capitulated. The garrison was imprisoned in the church and
Governor de Meneval was confined to his house. The New Englanders levelled what was begun of the new fort. The residents of Port-Royal were imprisoned in the church and administered an oath of allegiance to the
591:
The defenders of Port-Royal numbered only about 130. After resisting the
English landings and defending the fort during a short siege, the outnumbered Acadians surrendered after negotiating terms that allowed French inhabitants who wished to remain to keep their property and religion. Soldiers and
528:
In 1643, La Tour tried to capture Port-Royal again. La Tour arrived at Saint John from Boston with a fleet of five armed vessels and 270 men and broke the blockade. La Tour then chased d'Aulnay's vessels back across the Bay of Fundy to Port-Royal. D'Aulnay resisted the attack, and seven of his men
459:
In 1631, under the terms of the Treaty of Saint
Germain-en-Laye, the colonists were ordered to abandon the fort to the French, who soon renamed it Port-Royal, the same name as their previous colony. The official handover did not take place until late in 1632 and this gave Captain Andrew Forrester,
302:
In 1607, Dugua had his fur trade monopoly revoked by the
Government of France, forcing most of the settlers to return to France that fall, although some remained with the natives. The Habitation was left in the care of Membertou and the local Mi'kmaq until 1610 when Sieur de Poutrincourt, another
188:
in 1604, writing, "we entered a harbour which is two leagues in length and one in breadth, which I have named 'Port Royal'." In the censuses of Acadia from 1671 to 1707, all inhabitants living around the
Annapolis Basin were listed under "Port Royal," with no sub-distinctions. The first official
487:
de
Charnisay moved a number of LaHave settlers to Port-Royal. Under D'Aulnay, the Acadians built the first dykes in North America and cultivated the reclaimed salt marshes. During this time, Acadia was plunged into what some historians have described as a civil war; the two main centres were
1085:(1702–1713), there was a New England blockade of Port Royal and then three attempts to lay siege to the capital. The last siege ultimately resulted in the British conquest of Acadia and Nova Scotia. Despite the blockade, Port Royal was occasionally used as a home port by French
1202:
to the capital in what would be the final Conquest of Acadia. Subercase and the French held out until October 2 when the approximately 300 defenders of the fort surrendered, ending French rule in Acadia. The following year, after the Acadian and Indian success at the nearby
1451:
507:
Charles de la Tour attacked Port-Royal with two armed ships. D'Aulnay's captain was killed, while La Tour and his men were forced to surrender. In response to the attack, D'Aulay sailed out of Port-Royal to establish a blockade of La Tour's Fort Sainte-Marie.
1284:
Port-Royal was the site of a number of North American firsts: the first resident surgeon; first continuing church services; first social club (named the "Order of Good Cheer"); creation of the first library; first French theatrical performance (titled
248:
that had been recorded by Champlain earlier in the spring of 1605 during a coastal reconnaissance. Champlain noted in his journals that the bay was of impressive size; he believed it would be an adequate anchorage for several hundred ships of the
253:, if ever necessary. As such, he named the basin "Port Royal", the Royal Port; this was, for many years, the name of both the body of water and of the subsequent French settlements in that region. Poutrincourt asked
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were wounded and three killed. La Tour did not attack the fort, which was defended by twenty soldiers. La Tour burned the mill, killed the livestock and seized furs, gunpowder and other supplies.
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Colonel Francis Wainwright led the second siege on August 20. It lasted eleven days. Subercase and his troops killed sixteen New Englanders and lost three soldiers. Again the British retreated.
641:
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1362:, the Saint Croix settlement failed because the surrounding river became impassable in the winter. It cut off the settlers from necessary supplies of fresh food, water, and fuel wood.
366:
Poutrincourt assigned his holdings to his son and returned to France. The settlement of Port-Royal was re-established on the south bank of the river 8 km (5.0 mi) upstream.
899:, English frigates attacked Port-Royal. The New Englanders burned almost a dozen houses and three barns full of grain. Port Royal was again made the Acadian capital in 1699.
237:
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134:
It was the first successful attempt by Europeans to establish a permanent settlement in what is today known as Canada. Port Royal was a key step in the development of
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1273:. Over the following fifty years, the French and their allies made six unsuccessful military attempts to regain the capital. Including a raid by Americans in the
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commander of the then Scottish community the opportunity to cross the Bay of Fundy with twenty-five armed men and raid Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour's
1392:(1613 onward) was the capital of Acadia for 112 of those years (78% of the time). The other locations that served as the Capital of Acadia are: present day
95:
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In 1633, protecting the boundary of Acadia, Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour, who at this time was the French commander of Acadia, made a descent upon
1351:
627:
584:, the first professional English soldiers sent to North America. Prior to the battle to capture Port-Royal, Sedgwick captured and plundered present day
379:
214:
157:. Over 108 years control would pass between France, Scotland, England and Great Britain until it was formally ceded to Great Britain in 1713 due to the
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2008:
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in ruins, settlers living with the Mi'kmaq, and Biencourt and his men remaining in the area of Port-Royal. A mill upstream at present day
315:
became financial partners with Poutrincourt, although this caused division within the community. In May 1613, the Jesuits moved on to the
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After the transfer of Port Royal to Great Britain due to the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the British changed the name from Port Royal to
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165:
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D'Aulnay ultimately won the war against La Tour with the 1645 siege of Fort Sainte-Marie. After the siege, La Tour went to live in
452:). During this time there were few French inhabitants in the colony. This set of British triumphs, leaving Cape Sable (present-day
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arrived in June which resulted in more destruction. The seamen burned and looted the settlement, including the parish church.
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led a force made up of one hundred New England volunteers and two hundred professional soldiers sent to New England by
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from his seat at Port-Royal, killing two of its six defenders, and carrying the others away along with their supplies.
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202:
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1855:
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
1401:
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1022:
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809:
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was Governor of Acadia. Another census in the late 1680s shows 450 Acadians in the entire area of Port-Royal.
3058:
2944:
2572:
2543:
2316:
975:
717:
690:
360:
356:
2101:
Documents Relating to the Colonial, Revolutionary and Post-Revolutionary History of the State of New Jersey
516:
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1702:
1643:
1413:
1049:
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299:, the first work of theater written and performed in North America, was performed on November 14, 1606.
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met with failure. The first siege during the war happened on June 17 and lasted eleven days. Colonel
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Mindful of the disastrous winter of 1604–05 at the Île-Saint-Croix settlement, Champlain established
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Port-Royal, where d'Aulnay was stationed, and Fort Sainte-Marie, where de la Tour was stationed.
422:
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was one of the men who stayed behind. La Tour eventually left Port-Royal and settled by 1620, at
254:
2686:
1245:
spread out from the capital to found the other major Acadian settlements established before the
1130:
651:
268:, they set about constructing a log stockade fortification. With assistance from members of the
206:
189:
document where "Port Royal" was called a "ville" (i.e. town) appears to be in article 12 of the
1483:
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Poutrincourt's son bequeathed the settlement to Charles de la Tour upon his own death in 1623.
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1975:
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1625:
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1457:
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1967:
1860:
1647:
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In July 1613 Acadia settlements were attacked by the English, led by the Admiral of Virginia
3218:
3125:
2949:
2828:
2778:
2718:
2518:
2508:
2367:
1772:
1745:
1706:
707:
277:
236:(this is disputed in the French archives which indicate HĂ©bert did not sail until 1606) and
193:
in 1713, where it describes, "la ville de Port-Royal, maintenant appelée Annapolis Royale."
190:
158:
1122:. He returned to Port Royal and then with a brief exchange of gunfire, returned to Boston.
3268:
3223:
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is today the site of the replica reconstruction of the original Habitation at Port-Royal.
1309:
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1222:
1216:
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316:
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made a first attempt at settlement of Acadia during the disastrous winter of 1604–1605 in
173:
128:
124:
42:
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The Acadia settlement of Port-Royal was the first permanent European settlement north of
619:
233:
147:
588:
and Fort Sainte-Marie at New Brunswick. Sedgwick also took Charles de la Tour prisoner.
168:
on the north side of the Annapolis Basin, while from 1629 onwards it was centred around
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2793:
2735:
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541:
477:
418:
292:
1669:
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872:
744:
557:
398:
328:
222:
184:"Port Royal" principally refers to the Annapolis Basin and was named by cartographer
1388:
For the 144 years prior to the founding of Halifax (1749), Port-Royal (1605–13) and
2513:
2372:
1963:
604:. In a census taken in 1671 there were 361 Acadians in the Port-Royal area. During
465:
245:
28:
2099:
1281:) faced a total of thirteen attacks, more than any other place in North America.
1207:, the Acadians and Indians unsuccessfully attempted to lay siege to the capital.
3244:
2934:
1741:
861:
437:
414:
410:
308:
143:
468:
which served as the Acadian capital before the re-establishment of Port-Royal.
456:) as the only major French holding in North America, was not destined to last.
311:, hoping to gain financial assistance from the French government. As a result,
3146:
3038:
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2813:
2523:
2255:
1522:
1409:
1290:
1086:
856:, Port-Royal served as a safe harbor for French cruisers and supply point for
269:
258:
135:
1629:
1371:
There is a monument to Sir William Alexander in Victoria Park, Halifax – see
69:
56:
2871:
2866:
2773:
2723:
2692:
2655:
1989:
1198:
On September 24, 1710, the British returned with 36 ships and 2000 men, and
445:
169:
153:
For most of its existence, it was the capital of the New France colony of
3121:
2798:
2788:
1262:
1258:
1242:
1237:. (Two years later, the English made their first permanent settlement in
1115:
436:, and seventy Scottish settlers who established the first incarnation of
2680:
1509:
History of the County of Annapolis, Including Old Port Royal and Acadia
1372:
351:
remained, along with settlers who went into hiding during the battle.
312:
563:
After d'Aulnay died (1650), La Tour re-established himself in Acadia.
3213:
3109:
3033:
3019:
2337:
1582:. Translated by Käthe Roth. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 146, 242.
533:
240:
decided to move the settlement to the north shore of the present-day
154:
875:
of New England arrived with 736 men in seven English ships. Acadian
2104:. Paterson NJ: The Press Printing and Publishing Co. pp. 26–27
3104:
1708:
From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755
1355:
1241:.) Approximately seventy-five years after Port-Royal was founded,
1189:
1129:
515:
378:
218:
127:
in Nova Scotia, Canada, and the predecessor of the modern town of
1731:
M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour. Methuen Press. 1983.p.14).
2992:
2228:
1546:
910:
623:
138:
and was the first permanent base of operations of the explorer
1301:, wrote a popular history of his time in New France, entitled
864:
colonies encroaching on the Acadian border in southern Maine.
2224:
2217:
An 1866 English translation is accessible at Internet Archive
123:(1605–1713) was a historic settlement based around the upper
280:, the settlement, also known as "the habitation" prospered.
444:, at present-day Annapolis Royal on the site of the future
536:. After defeating La Tour, d'Aulnay administered posts at
3296:
Buildings and structures in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
2988:
343:
Poutrincourt returned from France in spring 1614 to find
276:, coupled with the more temperate climate of the fertile
307:. Poutrincourt converted Membertou and local Mi'kmaq to
164:
From 1605 to 1613 the settlement was centred around the
1576:
Vaugeois, Denis; Raymonde Litalien; Käthe Roth (2004).
303:
French nobleman, returned with a small expedition to
16:
Historic settlement in modern-day Nova Scotia, Canada
600:
In 1667, Port-Royal was returned to France with the
421:(Sir James Stewart of Killeith) started a colony on
331:. The invasion began with the Saint-Saveur mission (
3232:
3201:
3155:
3087:
3026:
2885:
2849:
2754:
2701:
2633:
2557:
2481:
2391:
2330:
2262:
432:On July 28, 1629, Sir William sent a ship, his son
48:
38:
21:
1852:
238:Jean de Biencourt de Poutrincourt et de Saint-Just
3311:1632 establishments in the French colonial empire
1523:"1708 Acadian Census 1708:Acadian Ancestral Home"
1158:was sent to defeat the capital. Acadian governor
1616:Harris, Carolyn (Aug 2017). "The Queen's land".
3178:Collège de Technologie forestière des Maritimes
1972:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History
1711:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 24.
1652:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History
1774:Fortune & La Tour: The Civil War in Acadia
1293:; and first weekly Bible class. The author of
3004:
2240:
922:
635:
197:Original settlement of Port Royal (1605–1613)
8:
1194:Evacuation Of Port Royal 1710 by CW Jefferys
244:, a sheltered bay on the south shore of the
172:on the south side, at the confluence of the
1974:. University of Toronto Press. p. 82.
1970:. In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.).
1654:. University of Toronto Press. p. 56.
1650:. In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.).
524:(1645) – d'Aulnay defeats La Tour in Acadia
102:
3163:Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick
3011:
2997:
2989:
2247:
2233:
2225:
1571:
1569:
1567:
929:
915:
907:
642:
628:
620:
27:
18:
1958:
1956:
1816:
2189:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
2170:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
2153:
2141:
2127:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
2083:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
2064:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
2045:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
2026:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
2007:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
1945:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
1926:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
1907:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
1888:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
1833:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
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1687:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFDunn2004 (
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
397:all of Nova Scotia, which then included
150:, who would resettle at Quebec in 1617.
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1343:
395:William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling
384:William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling
1579:Champlain: The Birth of French America
2489:List of French forts in North America
2205:An Illustrated History of Nova Scotia
110:Location of Port-Royal in Nova Scotia
7:
3316:Populated places established in 1629
2184:
2165:
2122:
2078:
2059:
2040:
2021:
2002:
1940:
1921:
1902:
1883:
1859:. W.W Norton & Company. p.
1828:
1797:
1747:Saint John Fortifications, 1630-1956
1682:
1154:, the most senior officer in all of
739:New England, Acadia and Newfoundland
297:The Theatre of Neptune in New France
217:on the boundary between present-day
2270:French colonization of the Americas
1750:. Goose Lane Editions. p. 18.
1484:"Port-Royal National Historic Site"
1379:were also established at this time.
1162:successfully defended the capital.
353:Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour
3306:Former colonial capitals in Canada
2207:, Nimbus Publishing. 1997.pp.38-34
1456:. Facts on File, cop. p. 36.
560:, with Port-Royal as the capital.
14:
1771:MacDonald, Marjorie Anne (1983).
1327:Port-Royal National Historic Site
1166:Siege of Port Royal (August 1707)
363:although some settlers remained.
261:that encompassed the settlement.
3264:
3263:
2973:
2972:
2898:Military history of the Acadians
2646:Seigneurial system of New France
1968:"1686–1720: Imperial Intrusions"
1101:In 1704, in retaliation for the
101:
94:
2322:History of the French-Americans
1648:"1600-1650. Fish, Fur and Folk"
1332:Military history of Nova Scotia
1126:Siege of Port Royal (June 1707)
554:Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)
434:William Alexander (the younger)
272:Nation and a local chief named
2651:Criminal justice in New France
2280:Timeline of New France history
1507:Calnek, Wiliam Arthur (1897).
1488:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1303:Histoire de la Nouvelle-France
883:Phips left, but warships from
1:
2641:Custom of Paris in New France
1277:, Port-Royal (at present-day
1205:Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)
1146:Two major British efforts to
1097:Blockade of Port Royal (1704)
897:Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste
1511:. William Briggs. p. 4.
1390:Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
1350:Located on an island in the
483:In 1635, Governor of Acadia
450:Charles Fort - National Site
403:Anglo-French War (1627–1629)
1420:(1691–98), and present day
1211:British colony (After 1713)
1160:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
1135:Daniel d'Auger de Subercase
869:Battle of Port Royal (1690)
848:Battle of Port Royal (1690)
842:Battle of Port Royal (1690)
572:Battle of Port Royal (1654)
512:Battle of Port Royal (1643)
503:Battle of Port Royal (1640)
373:Scottish colony (1629–1632)
339:Informal period (1613–1629)
323:Battle of Port Royal (1613)
257:to become the owner of the
3334:
3079:Royal Proclamation of 2003
2588:Governor of Trois-Rivières
1450:Riendeau, Roger E (2007).
1418:Fredericton, New Brunswick
1214:
1186:Siege of Port Royal (1710)
1183:
1180:Siege of Port Royal (1710)
1172:Siege of Port Royal (1707)
1169:
1142:Siege of Port Royal (1707)
1139:
845:
567:English colony (1654–1667)
495:
462:Fort Sainte-Marie-de-Grâce
3258:
3183:UNI Financial Cooperation
2968:
2940:Expulsion of the Acadians
2731:Company of 100 Associates
2544:Fort St. Louis (Illinois)
1453:A brief history of Canada
1422:Saint John, New Brunswick
1247:Expulsion of the Acadians
956:
895:In response to assisting
891:Raid on Port Royal (1693)
666:
596:French colony (1667–1713)
550:Port La Tour, Nova Scotia
485:Charles de Menou d'Aulnay
472:French colony (1632–1654)
454:Port La Tour, Nova Scotia
89:
85:
33:Fort at Port-Royal (1702)
26:
3301:Military forts in Acadia
2935:French and Iroquois Wars
2098:Nelson, William (1894).
1402:Sackville, New Brunswick
1396:(1632–36 ); present day
1148:besiege the town in 1707
146:in 1608, and the farmer
142:, who would later found
2945:Great Peace of Montreal
2746:Compagnie de l'Occident
2317:History of the Acadians
1777:. Methuen. p. 82.
1744:; Knight, Doug (2003).
1416:(1690–91); present day
1412:(1678–84); present day
1400:(1670–74); present day
1308:The north shore of the
960:Quebec and Newfoundland
289:the Order of Good Cheer
3193:Université Sainte-Anne
3117:Acadian World Congress
2893:Military of New France
2819:Gens de couleur libres
2549:Fort St. Louis (Texas)
2534:Fortress of Louisbourg
2358:(1682–1763, 1801–1803)
2275:French colonial empire
1670:10.3138/j.ctt15jjfrm.9
1373:Sir Alexander Monument
1235:St. Augustine, Florida
1195:
1137:
992:Acadia and New England
602:Treaty of Breda (1667)
525:
386:
3188:Université de Moncton
1414:Jemseg, New Brunswick
1193:
1133:
519:
382:
349:Lequille, Nova Scotia
203:Pierre Du Gua de Mons
3250:Prince Edward Island
3142:National Acadian Day
2593:Governor of Montreal
2499:Fort Michilimackinac
2307:1763 Treaty of Paris
1551:numerique.banq.qc.ca
1527:www.acadian-home.org
1406:Amherst, Nova Scotia
1354:between present-day
1089:and pirates such as
1044:Carolina and Florida
871:began on May 9. Sir
858:Wabanaki Confederacy
407:Charles I of England
285:l'Ordre de Bon Temps
266:North Mountain range
264:Nestled against the
3034:Acadia (New France)
2741:Mississippi Company
2156:, pp. 115–116.
2144:, pp. 114–115.
1849:Faragher, John Mack
1394:LaHave, Nova Scotia
1377:flag of Nova Scotia
1275:American Revolution
1271:Siege of Port-Royal
1239:Jamestown, Virginia
1038:2nd Northeast Coast
998:1st Northeast Coast
902:
877:Governor de Meneval
702:Quebec and New York
615:
538:LaHave, Nova Scotia
333:Mount Desert Island
230:Samuel de Champlain
186:Samuel de Champlain
176:and Allains Creek.
140:Samuel de Champlain
66: /
3088:People and culture
2913:King William's War
2908:Intercolonial Wars
1196:
1138:
941:Spanish Succession
854:King William's War
616:King William's War
610:Jacques de Chambly
546:Canso, Nova Scotia
526:
423:Cape Breton Island
391:James I of England
387:
251:French Royal Fleet
211:Saint Croix Island
3278:
3277:
3209:Acadian Peninsula
3173:L'Acadie Nouvelle
2986:
2985:
2923:King George's War
2903:Acadian Civil War
2850:Missionary groups
2841:Intellectual life
2578:Sovereign Council
2312:History of Quebec
2125:, pp. 61–62.
1981:978-1-4875-1676-5
1870:978-0-393-05135-3
1784:978-0-458-95800-9
1757:978-0-86492-373-8
1718:978-0-7735-2699-0
1703:Griffiths, N.E.S.
1661:978-1-4875-1676-5
1644:Griffiths, N.E.S.
1463:978-0-8160-6335-2
1352:Saint Croix River
1112:Raid on Grand Pré
1103:Raid on Deerfield
1078:
1077:
838:
837:
696:Hudson Bay (1697)
676:Hudson Bay (1686)
606:King Philip's War
576:In 1654, Colonel
498:Acadian Civil War
492:Acadian Civil War
440:which they named
191:Treaty of Utrecht
159:Treaty of Utrecht
118:
117:
70:44.733°N 65.533°W
3323:
3267:
3266:
3219:French Canadians
3168:Collège de l'Île
3064:Military history
3013:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2976:
2975:
2955:Schenectady Raid
2928:Seven Years' War
2918:Queen Anne's War
2784:King's Daughters
2736:Crozat's Company
2719:Coureur des bois
2661:Superior Council
2583:Bishop of Quebec
2568:Governor General
2509:Fort de Chartres
2368:Illinois Country
2249:
2242:
2235:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1858:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1618:Canada's History
1613:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1573:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1547:"BAnQ numérique"
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1447:
1425:
1386:
1380:
1369:
1363:
1348:
1229:Colonial context
1200:again laid siege
1083:Queen Anne's War
951:
950:
948:
947:Queen Anne's War
931:
924:
917:
908:
903:Queen Anne's War
661:
654:
644:
637:
630:
621:
278:Annapolis Valley
201:French nobleman
105:
104:
98:
81:
80:
78:
77:
76:
71:
67:
64:
63:
62:
59:
31:
19:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3291:Acadian history
3281:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3254:
3228:
3224:French diaspora
3197:
3151:
3132:Acadian cuisine
3095:Acadia (region)
3083:
3074:Robert Monckton
3059:General history
3022:
3017:
2987:
2982:
2964:
2881:
2857:Jesuit missions
2845:
2794:Casquette girls
2750:
2697:
2666:Admiralty court
2629:
2553:
2477:
2394:
2387:
2326:
2285:Beginnings–1533
2258:
2253:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2211:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2187:, p. viii.
2183:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2154:Faragher (2005)
2152:
2148:
2142:Faragher (2005)
2140:
2136:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1982:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1662:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1575:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1449:
1448:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1387:
1383:
1375:. The name and
1370:
1366:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1322:Annapolis Royal
1318:
1310:Annapolis Basin
1279:Annapolis Royal
1231:
1223:Annapolis Royal
1219:
1217:Annapolis Royal
1213:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1144:
1128:
1107:Benjamin Church
1099:
1079:
1074:
952:
946:
944:
943:
940:
937:
935:
905:
893:
850:
844:
839:
834:
686:2nd Fort Albany
681:1st Fort Albany
662:
657:
653:Nine Years' War
652:
650:
648:
618:
598:
582:Oliver Cromwell
578:Robert Sedgwick
574:
569:
514:
505:
500:
494:
474:
393:granted to Sir
375:
341:
325:
317:Penobscot River
242:Annapolis Basin
215:St. Croix River
207:ĂŽle-Saint-Croix
199:
182:
174:Annapolis River
129:Annapolis Royal
125:Annapolis Basin
114:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
106:
75:44.733; -65.533
74:
72:
68:
65:
60:
57:
55:
53:
52:
43:Annapolis Basin
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3100:Acadian French
3097:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2960:Deerfield Raid
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Trois-Rivières
2418:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2383:Domaine du roy
2380:
2378:Pays d'en Haut
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2209:
2196:
2177:
2158:
2146:
2134:
2115:
2090:
2071:
2052:
2033:
2014:
1995:
1980:
1952:
1933:
1914:
1895:
1876:
1869:
1840:
1821:
1817:MacDonald 1983
1809:
1790:
1783:
1763:
1756:
1733:
1724:
1717:
1694:
1675:
1660:
1635:
1601:
1588:
1563:
1538:
1514:
1499:
1475:
1462:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1398:Castine, Maine
1381:
1364:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1299:Marc Lescarbot
1269:following the
1230:
1227:
1215:Main article:
1212:
1209:
1184:Main article:
1181:
1178:
1170:Main article:
1167:
1164:
1140:Main article:
1127:
1124:
1118:, and Raid on
1098:
1095:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1028:2nd Port Royal
1025:
1020:
1018:1st Port Royal
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
993:
989:
988:
983:
978:
976:2nd St. John's
973:
971:1st St. John's
968:
962:
961:
957:
954:
953:
936:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
904:
901:
892:
889:
880:English King.
860:to attack the
846:Main article:
843:
840:
836:
835:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
740:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
704:
703:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
672:
671:
667:
664:
663:
649:
647:
646:
639:
632:
624:
617:
614:
597:
594:
586:Castine, Maine
573:
570:
568:
565:
542:Castine, Maine
540:; Pentagouet (
513:
510:
504:
501:
496:Main article:
493:
490:
478:Machias, Maine
473:
470:
438:"New Scotland"
419:Lord Ochiltree
409:, by 1629 the
374:
371:
340:
337:
324:
321:
293:Marc Lescarbot
198:
195:
181:
178:
116:
115:
109:
100:
99:
93:
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3329:
3328:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:New Brunswick
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Chemin du Roy
2707:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Fort Duquesne
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Fort Carillon
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Fort de Buade
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2245:
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2203:Harry Bruce,
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2043:, p. 40.
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2023:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2005:, p. 38.
2004:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1964:Reid, John G.
1959:
1957:
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1948:
1943:, p. 32.
1942:
1937:
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1923:
1918:
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3156:Institutions
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2950:Lachine Raid
2687:Maréchaussée
2685:
2609:Terre-Neuve
2514:Fort Detroit
2494:Fort Rouillé
2467:Terre-Neuve
2405:
2373:Ohio Country
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2204:
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2180:
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2106:. Retrieved
2100:
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1998:
1990:j.ctt15jjfrm
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1742:Sarty, Roger
1736:
1727:
1707:
1697:
1685:, p. 8.
1678:
1651:
1638:
1624:(4): 34–43.
1621:
1617:
1593:. Retrieved
1578:
1555:. Retrieved
1550:
1541:
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1526:
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1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1452:
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1283:
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1232:
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1080:
1065:Charles Town
1033:Bloody Creek
966:Newfoundland
894:
882:
866:
851:
825:Newfoundland
810:2nd Pemaquid
805:2nd St. John
795:Oyster River
775:1st St. John
755:Salmon Falls
750:1st Pemaquid
691:York Factory
599:
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466:LaHave River
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442:Charles Fort
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246:Bay of Fundy
234:Louis HĂ©bert
227:
200:
183:
163:
152:
148:Louis HĂ©bert
133:
120:
119:
3245:Nova Scotia
2804:Amerindians
2767:1666 census
2676:Officiality
2671:Provostship
2558:Governments
2539:Castle Hill
2461:New Orleans
2437:ĂŽle Royale
2416:Quebec City
2364:(1713–1763)
2352:(1662–1713)
2350:Terre-Neuve
2346:(1608–1763)
2340:(1604–1713)
2185:Dunn (2004)
2166:Dunn (2004)
2123:Dunn (2004)
2079:Dunn (2004)
2060:Dunn (2004)
2041:Dunn (2004)
2022:Dunn (2004)
2003:Dunn (2004)
1941:Dunn (2004)
1922:Dunn (2004)
1903:Dunn (2004)
1884:Dunn (2004)
1829:Dunn (2004)
1798:Dunn (2004)
1683:Dunn (2004)
1553:(in French)
1424:(1698–99).
1050:Flint River
981:Fort Albany
862:New England
713:Schenectady
415:Quebec City
309:Catholicism
73: /
49:Coordinates
3285:Categories
3147:Tintamarre
3069:Port-Royal
3039:Evangeline
2877:Sulpicians
2834:card money
2762:Population
2656:Intendancy
2619:Louisiane
2524:Fort Condé
2447:Louisiane
2441:Louisbourg
2406:Port Royal
2362:ĂŽle Royale
2256:New France
2108:25 January
1595:2010-06-20
1557:2023-12-11
1532:2023-12-11
1493:2023-11-27
1469:2010-08-11
1432:References
1410:Beaubassin
1291:apothecary
1152:John March
1114:, Raid on
1087:privateers
939:War of the
770:Chedabucto
760:Port Royal
723:La Prairie
670:Hudson Bay
361:Cape Sable
357:Cape Negro
345:Port-Royal
305:Port-Royal
259:seigneurie
166:habitation
136:New France
121:Port Royal
22:Port-Royal
3233:Provinces
3054:Grand-Pré
3049:Governors
3044:Expulsion
2872:Ursulines
2867:Grey Nuns
2862:RĂ©collets
2779:Canadiens
2774:Habitants
2724:Voyageurs
2714:Fur trade
2693:Code Noir
2573:Intendant
2471:Plaisance
2393:Towns and
2356:Louisiana
2300:1663–1759
2295:1608–1662
2290:1534–1607
1630:1920-9894
1408:known as
1289:); first
1255:Chignecto
1251:Grand-Pré
1120:Chignecto
1070:Pensacola
1060:Apalachee
1023:Haverhill
1013:Grand Pré
1008:Deerfield
830:Haverhill
815:Chignecto
790:Placentia
520:Siege of
446:Fort Anne
274:Membertou
228:De Mons,
170:Fort Anne
3269:Category
3122:Acadians
2978:Category
2829:Currency
2789:Acadians
2623:Governor
2613:Governor
2603:Governor
2426:Montreal
2395:villages
2331:Colonies
1966:(1994).
1851:(2005).
1705:(2005).
1646:(1994).
1316:See also
1305:(1609).
1263:Pisiguit
1259:Cobequid
1243:Acadians
1116:Pisiguit
1105:, Major
1003:Falmouth
765:Falmouth
522:St. John
405:, under
319:valley.
180:Toponymy
39:Location
3202:Related
3027:History
2824:Alcohol
2814:Plaçage
2809:Slavery
2755:Society
2702:Economy
2681:Bailiff
2599:Acadie
2564:Canada
2431:DĂ©troit
2412:Canada
2402:Acadie
2263:History
1295:Neptune
1287:Neptune
1081:During
852:During
708:Lachine
552:); the
464:on the
427:Baleine
313:Jesuits
270:Mi'kmaq
213:in the
61:65°32′W
58:44°44′N
3214:Cajuns
3110:Brayon
3020:Acadia
2456:Biloxi
2451:Mobile
2344:Canada
2338:Acadia
1988:
1978:
1867:
1781:
1754:
1715:
1668:
1658:
1628:
1586:
1460:
986:Quebec
800:Groton
733:Wilton
718:Quebec
534:Quebec
411:Kirkes
155:Acadia
144:Quebec
3105:Chiac
2799:MĂ©tis
2482:Forts
1986:JSTOR
1666:JSTOR
1356:Maine
1338:Notes
785:Wells
745:Dover
448:(see
413:took
219:Maine
3137:Flag
3126:list
2886:Wars
2634:Laws
2191:help
2172:help
2129:help
2110:2018
2085:help
2066:help
2047:help
2028:help
2009:help
1976:ISBN
1947:help
1928:help
1909:help
1890:help
1865:ISBN
1835:help
1804:help
1779:ISBN
1752:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1689:help
1656:ISBN
1626:ISSN
1584:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1358:and
1261:and
867:The
780:York
556:and
417:and
221:and
544:);
425:at
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