56:
1056:(27.3%). However, the majority still immigrated alone to Brazil (53%). Only the "Turks" (62.5%) arrived as unaccompanied immigrants in a higher percentage than the Portuguese. In comparison, only 5.1% of the Japanese immigrants arrived alone to Brazil. The Japanese kept a strong familiar connection when they immigrated to Brazil, with the largest numbers of family members, comprising 5.3 people, followed by Spaniards, with similar figures. The families of Italian origin included lower number of members, at 4.1. The Portuguese, among all immigrants, had the smallest number of people when they immigrated as families: 3.6. About 23% of the Portuguese who disembarked at the Port of Santos were under age 12. This figure shows that, for the first time in Brazil's history, large numbers of Portuguese families were settling in Brazil.
1646:
1784:
1483:
897:, a record number of 328,826 Portuguese citizens made their situation regular in Brazil. One of the reasons which explained this rise in Portuguese immigration to Brazil was the economic crisis in Portugal, where unemployment rate rose to over 12.5%. In that period, the Portuguese lead the numbers of foreigners making their situation regular in Brazil. This wave differentiates from the two previous waves by the higher education level of the new Portuguese emigrants, which represents an effective brain drain since large numbers of highly qualified and experienced professionals and businessmen left their country.
676:
1293:
surprising because of many reasons. In the early 20th century, most of the
Portuguese immigrants in Rio were men (a ratio of 320 men to 100 women, compared to the proportion of 266 men to 100 women among all European immigrants). The Portuguese men had fewer female compatriots with whom they could marry than the other foreign men. Despite this, more Portuguese men married compatriots than the other immigrants. Despite the cultural and linguistic similarity between Brazilians and Portuguese, the high rates of endogamy of Portuguese immigrants may be attributed to the
306:
2159:
1005:
1520:
2092:
338:
1769:
318:
5404:
2343:
564:
349:
2329:
3573:
1800:
648:
1940:
647:
625:'s invading armies, relocated to the Portuguese Colony of Brazil with 15,000 members of the royal family, nobles and government, and established themselves in Rio de Janeiro. After the Portuguese military had successfully repelled Napoleon's invasion, King João VI returned to Europe on 26 April 1821, leaving his elder son Prince
1636:
The
Portuguese crisis in 2010 and 2011 led to higher immigration of Portuguese citizens to Brazil. In the first six months of 2011, with the economic crisis in Portugal a record number of 328,826 Portuguese citizens made their situation regular in Brazil. This wave of Portuguese immigration to Brazil
1515:
Today, news online like "Mundo Lusíada" keeps
Portuguese immigrants informed about the many cultural events of the Portuguese community in Brazil. A recent analysis suggests that the more recent Portuguese immigrants (from 1900 onwards) had "low rates of intermarriage with native Brazilians and other
1297:
that
Brazilians had toward Portuguese immigrants, who were usually very poor. Due to this poverty, many of the criminals in Rio de Janeiro were Portuguese immigrants: of the men convicted of crimes there during the four years from 1915 to 1918, 32% were Portuguese (although Portuguese immigrants made
1279:
Records of the
Portuguese immigrants to Brazil in the early 20th century reveal that they had the lowest levels of intermarriage with Brazilians among all European immigrants. Male Portuguese immigrants mainly married Portuguese female immigrants. Of the 22,030 Portuguese men and women who married in
629:
as regent to rule Brazil. The
Portuguese government attempted to turn Brazil into a colony once again, thus depriving it of its achievements since 1808. The Brazilians refused to yield and Prince Pedro stood by them declaring the country's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. On 12 October
1701:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a new large wave of immigrants from
Portugal arrived. From 1881 to 1991, over 1.5 million Portuguese immigrated to Brazil. In 1906, for example, there were 133,393 Portuguese-born people living in Rio de Janeiro, comprising 16% of the city's population. Rio
1693:
people (mostly of
Portuguese-Amerindian-African ancestry) and 1.9 million Blacks (some of whom probably had some degree of Portuguese ancestry). These numbers give the percentage of 80% of people with total or partial Portuguese ancestry in Brazil in the 1870s. At that time, the Portuguese were the
1059:
The
Portuguese also had one of the highest illiteracy rates among immigrants arriving in Brazil during the early 20th century: 57.5% of them were illiterate. Only the Spaniards had a higher percentage of illiteracy: 72%. (In comparison, only 13.2% of the German immigrants to Brazil were illiterate.)
457:
settlers in an organised way. Beyond the initial settling in 1619, led by Estácio da
Silveira in 1619, others followed: in 1621 arrived 40 couples with Antonio Ferreira de Bettencourt and Jorge de Lemos Bettencourt, in 1625 other couples came with Francisco Coelho de Carvalho; in the ships "N. S. da
1020:
The typical Portuguese immigrant in Brazil was a single man. As an example, in the records of the community of Inhaúma, in the countryside of the state of Rio de Janeiro, from 1807 to 1841, the Portuguese-born population comprised approximately 15% of the population, of whom 90% were males. Inhaúma
551:
Official estimates - and most estimates made so far - place the number of Portuguese migrants to Colonial Brazil during the gold rush of the 18th century at 600,000. Though not usually studied, this represented one of the largest movements of European populations to their colonies to the Americas
1306:
were Portuguese and 54% of the 1,024 individuals who were serving sentences in prison for assault were also from Portugal. Over time, endogamy became less frequent among Portuguese immigrants, even though they remained as the European group that least married Brazilians in Rio de Janeiro and São
835:
in 1974, a new wave of Portuguese immigrants arrived in Brazil until the late 1970s as refugees from Portugal and the newly independent countries of Angola, and Mozambique.. This wave included Portuguese immigrants, including political refugees, who had previously been members of the Portuguese
1292:
was even higher among the female Portuguese immigrants: 84% of Portuguese women in Rio married Portuguese men, compared to 64% of Italian and 52% of Spanish women who married men from their own countries. The high level of endogamy found among the more recent Portuguese immigrants in Brazil is
287:
In Brazil, the Portuguese may require equal treatment with regard to civil rights; moreover, they may ask to be granted political rights granted to Brazilians (except the rights exclusive to the Brazilian born). In the latter case, this requires a minimum of three years of permanent residence.
687:
A few years after independence from Portugal in 1822, Portuguese people would start arriving in Brazil as immigrants, and the Portuguese population in Brazil actually increased. Most of them were peasants from the rural areas of Portugal. The majority settled in urban centers, mainly in
840:'s elite, with a reputed background in politics, academics, business, and colonial administration in the days of the old regime. The wave of Portuguese immigrants in the 1970 settled primarily in Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, and the capitals of the states of northeast Brazil.
3119:
Klein, Herbert S. (1993). "A integração social e econòmica dos imigrantes portugueses no Brasil nos finais do século xix e no século xx" [The social and economic integration of Portuguese immigrants to Brazil in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries].
427:
During the 17th century, most Portuguese settlers in Brazil, who throughout the entire colonial period tended to originate from Northern Portugal, moved to the northeastern part of the country to establish the first sugar plantations. Some of the new arrivals were
815:
in Europe, European emigration gradually dwindled. As this process in Portugal came later than elsewhere in Europe, Portuguese emigration diminished slowly; but it was also gradually redirected to North America and other European countries, particularly France.
1681:
There are no reliable figures for how many Brazilians descend from the Portuguese. This is mainly because the Portuguese presence in Brazil is very old, making it almost impossible to find correct numbers even though most Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry.
696:, working mainly as small traders, shopkeepers, porters, cobblers, and drivers. A smaller number became coal miners, dairy workers, and small-scale farmers outside of urban areas. Portuguese immigrants also provided labor for the dredging of the
55:
5203:
444:
There was concern in keeping the control of the territory, hence the policy in promoting the colonization with couples in the border lands. The occupation of the territory was seen as essential. In 1619, about 300 couples arrived in
1044:, between 1908 and 1936, Portuguese female immigrants accounted for 32.1% of the Portuguese who entered Brazil, compared to less than 10% before 1872. This figure was similar to the entries of women of other nationalities, such as
1039:
The disparity between the number of men and women among the Portuguese immigrants in Brazil really started to change in the early 20th century, when the largest numbers of Portuguese immigrated to Brazil. In the records of the
1657:
Most Brazilians have some degree of Portuguese ancestry: some descend from colonial settlers, while others have recent immigrant Portuguese origin, dating back to anywhere between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. Due to
602:. Unlike previous trends, in the south entire Portuguese families came to seek a better life for themselves, not just men. During this period, the number of Portuguese women in Brazil increased, which resulted in a larger
5210:
458:
Palma" and "São Rafael", 50 couples arrived; in the ships "N. S. da Penha de França" and "São Francisco Xavier" more settlers came. Throughout the 17th century, successive waves of Azorean couples were settled in
508:
on Madeira. Two British companies provided the bulk of transport of passengers in this period: the Companhia Marítima Mala Real Britânica and later the Companhia de Navegação do Pacifico. Many gold and diamond
432:, that is, descendants of Portuguese Jews who had been induced to convert to Catholicism and remained in Portugal, yet were often targeted by the Inquisition (established in 1536) under the accusation of being
5189:
2656:
5196:
1511:
There are many Portuguese associations "Associações Portuguesas" in Brazil. Other institutions preserve the cultural heritage of the Portuguese community like the "Real Gabinete" and the Liceu Literário.
1031:
Although these data are not complete — they do not include those who arrived as passengers of small ships or illegally — we clearly see that females made up only 1/8 of total Portuguese immigration. In
5222:
3153:
5019:
1027:(...)49,610 (Portuguese) arrivals in the past ten years by sailing ships, major, male, 35,740 and, female, 4,280; of these, 13,240 married and 22,500 unmarried; minor, 9,590, as a family, 920(...)
525:
to Brazil. After some time, however, the number of departures was so great that the Portuguese Crown had to establish barriers to further immigration. Most of these Portuguese involved in the
3561:
5230:
3922:
811:
established legislation that hindered the settlement of immigrants in Brazil. WWII reduced immigration from Europe to Brazil; after it, immigration grew again, but, with the completion of
272:
with permanent residence in Brazil "the rights attached to Brazilians", excluded from the constitutional prerogatives of Brazilian born. Requirements for the granting of equality are:
252:(with some restrictions, especially for grandchildren). Five million Brazilians (2.5% of the population) fall under this category. Many more people are of Portuguese descent however.
881:
went to Brazil. From the 1980s to the 2000s, Portuguese emigrants mainly went to other states within the European Union, followed by Canada, the U.S.A., Venezuela and South Africa.
496:
received Azoreans and it was recommended to the captain of the ship to have a special care with the settlers, since "for the most part they were women, children and older people."
404:
By the mid-16th century, Portuguese colonists were already settling in significant numbers, mainly along the coastal regions of Brazil. Numerous cities were established, including
708:
caused a temporary exodus of Portuguese to Brazil. This wave of immigrants is noted for its establishments of bars, restaurants, bakeries, and small industries. The outbreak of
5470:
1508:. Several events also take place to maintain cultural interchange between Portuguese and Brazilian students, and between the Portugal and the Portuguese community in Brazil.
4557:
2838:
504:
In the 18th century, immigration to Brazil from Portugal increased dramatically. Immigrants to Brazil departed from Portugal via the ports of Lisbon (Leixões), Porto, and
385:
with the Amerindians. This situation worried Portugal, which in the 1530s started to encourage the colonization of Brazil, principally for defensive reasons. The towns of
297:
for citizenship, granted to the Portuguese – if with reciprocal treatment for the Brazilians in Portugal – due to the historic relationship between the two countries.
772:
381:
in Asia, and so did little to protect the newly discovered lands in the Americas from foreign interlopers. As a result, many pirates, mainly French, began dealing in
1756:
Genetic studies also confirm the strong proportion of Portuguese genetic ancestry in Brazilians. According to one study, at least half of the Brazilian population's
5731:
2994:
2660:
3554:
2696:
5347:
2415:
Alves-Silva, Juliana; da Silva Santos, Magda; Guimarães, Pedro E. M.; Ferreira, Alessandro C. S.; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Pena, Sérgio D. J.; et al. (2000).
3403:
768:
5004:
3150:
1645:
2682:
548:
In the words of Simão Ferreira Machado, in Triunfo Eucarístico, published in Lisbon in 1734, "half of Portugal was transplanted" to Brazil at that time.
743:, etc.), libraries (e.g. Real Gabinete Português de Leitura in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador), newspapers (e.g. Jornal Mundo Lusíada), magazines (e.g.
732:
728:
3547:
3304:[The social and economic integration of Portuguese immigrants in Brazil at the end of the nineteenth century and in the twentieth century].
594:. The majority of those colonists, composed of small farmers and fishermen, settled along the litoral of those two states and founded the cities of
764:
4513:
3427:
238:
3524:
3463:
780:
5736:
4708:
4663:
3026:
2421:
1783:
517:, which then led to the arrival of not only Portuguese, but also of native-born Brazilians. Regarding the former, most were peasants from the
5455:
5029:
3377:
3196:
2748:
2371:
4587:
2935:
2584:
469:, an example of this being the 50 couples (or around 219 individuals) who embarked on 29 March 1677, in the ship "Jesus, Maria e "José", in
4698:
3879:
1504:
The more recent immigrant groups of Portuguese in Brazil keep a close relation with Portugal and the Portuguese culture mainly through the
683:, nicknamed "the Brazilian bombshell", was born in Portugal and emigrated with her family to Brazil in 1910, when she was ten months old.
3539:
3048:
2782:
2620:
1614:
Portuguese people are the largest immigrant community in Brazil. In the 2000 census, there were 213,203 Portuguese immigrants in Brazil.
665:
in what some historians call a "metropolitan reversal" (i.e., a colony exercising governance over the entirety of the Portuguese empire.)
4806:
2965:
291:
The use of citizenship by non-Brazilian nationals (in this case, Portuguese) is a rare exception to the principle that nationality is a
3887:
5682:
4055:
2274:
1830:. However, the following list is only of those who are either born in Portugal or who have close Portuguese ancestry (1st, 2nd or 3rd
5655:
5340:
4093:
2822:
2474:
1772:
1142:
68:
5 million Brazilians (2.5% of the population) have recent Portuguese ancestry (at least one grandparent) and are eligible to obtain
4103:
3912:
3902:
3892:
2314:
4045:
2501:
Parra, Flavia C.; Amado, Roberto C.; Lambertucci, José R.; Rocha, Jorge; Antunes, Carlos M.; Pena, Sérgio D. J. (7 January 2003).
5705:
5677:
5610:
5465:
4890:
4648:
4281:
3950:
1505:
3445:
5574:
4582:
4072:
3970:
3897:
3771:
3321:
2466:
1482:
5170:
3534:
1859:
556:, "In 1700 Portugal had a population of about two million people." During the 18th century hundreds of thousands left for the
5057:
4641:
4468:
4307:
4200:
4040:
3960:
3907:
3749:
2919:
1065:
894:
890:
3071:
2229:
1760:
comes from Portugal. Black Brazilians have an average of 48% non-African genes; most of them may have Portuguese ancestors.
820:
72:. Exact number of Brazilians with Portuguese ancestry unknown due to many having ancestry going back to Portuguese settlers.
3955:
3500:
3170:
5650:
5579:
5257:
5252:
5165:
4847:
4542:
4177:
4124:
3766:
3529:
2006:
1285:
760:
3965:
3222:
2990:
2834:
5333:
5117:
4905:
4754:
4547:
4098:
3606:
3577:
1977:
1671:
675:
326:
4067:
1884:
1847:
529:
ended up settling in Minas Gerais and in the Center-West region of Brazil, where they founded dozens of cities such as
390:
5640:
5566:
4994:
4801:
4764:
4749:
4668:
4506:
2703:
1865:
305:
237:
who arrived throughout the centuries in Brazil sought economic opportunities. Although present since the onset of the
4774:
3825:
1989:
1795:, built by Portuguese immigrants in 1837, has the largest and most valuable literary of Portuguese outside Portugal.
1302:, 43% of arsonists and 23% of convicted murderers were Portuguese. Exactly half of the 220 individuals convicted of
5112:
4942:
4857:
4842:
2814:
2263:
2254:
2233:
1920:
1843:
1811:
1122:
3399:
5710:
5183:
5137:
5127:
4867:
4791:
4678:
4658:
4577:
2268:
2201:
720:
713:
705:
701:
2298:
5645:
5393:
4928:
4688:
4624:
4567:
4420:
3252:
1036:, as of 1872, the situation was even clearer: of a total of 1,498 Portuguese, only 64 were women (about 4.2%).
241:, Portuguese people began migrating to Brazil in larger numbers and without state support in the 18th century.
1993:
3278:
5554:
5507:
5235:
5014:
4322:
4108:
3808:
2560:
862:
841:
587:
310:
2860:
416:(1565). While most Portuguese (and predominantly male) settlers came willingly, some were forced exiles or
5700:
5667:
5541:
5514:
5482:
5388:
5024:
4974:
4852:
4796:
4759:
4739:
4734:
4499:
4448:
3302:"A integração social e econômica dos imigrantes portugueses no Brasil no fim do século XIX e no século XX"
2376:
2366:
2238:
1965:
1486:
1198:
1087:
851:
Economic reasons, with others of social, religious and political nature, are the main cause for the large
837:
824:
812:
618:
583:
261:
249:
140:
69:
1052:(40.6%) and Japanese (43.8%) and higher than the figures found among "Turks" (actually Arabs, 26.7%) and
538:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5615:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5477:
5450:
5403:
5062:
4989:
4837:
4769:
4636:
4463:
4458:
4317:
4160:
3980:
2079:
1548:
878:
268:
have a special status in Brazil. Article 12, first paragraph of the Constitution, grants to citizens of
108:
3424:
2158:
2012:
831:
citizens still emigrated to Brazil. Due to the independence of Portuguese overseas provinces after the
776:
357:
4358:
3460:
1004:
5672:
5662:
5625:
5460:
5435:
5418:
5147:
5092:
4964:
4959:
4614:
4338:
4291:
4255:
3975:
3930:
3854:
3846:
3611:
3023:
2514:
2396:
2386:
2170:
2114:
1959:
1690:
1675:
1168:
1061:
874:
866:
832:
788:
756:
654:
31:
5549:
5440:
5383:
5378:
5365:
5132:
5107:
4999:
4979:
4920:
4811:
4781:
4744:
4631:
4597:
4399:
4368:
4343:
4240:
4155:
4140:
4077:
4050:
3945:
3935:
3832:
3803:
2361:
2224:
2120:
2108:
2073:
2061:
1914:
1807:
1622:
1540:
1097:
662:
614:
353:
281:
218:
135:
95:
3373:
3351:
3200:
1519:
5445:
5247:
5175:
5157:
5122:
5072:
4954:
4900:
4872:
4722:
4703:
4475:
4395:
4389:
4373:
4353:
4286:
4150:
4035:
3940:
3869:
3837:
3129:
2939:
2591:
2259:
1544:
1308:
870:
273:
226:
188:
183:
150:
2286:
2126:
1902:
1878:
1157:
449:, the total number of people being around 1000 individuals, a significant number for that time.
4172:
2616:
2091:
5356:
5300:
5293:
5087:
5049:
4910:
4895:
4825:
4683:
4653:
4619:
4534:
4526:
4410:
4312:
4260:
4250:
4165:
4062:
3864:
3313:
3045:
2818:
2786:
2744:
2676:
2542:
2448:
2356:
2292:
2250:
2151:
2100:
2049:
1932:
1908:
1890:
1853:
1827:
1618:
1536:
1498:
1281:
1280:
Rio de Janeiro from 1907 to 1916, 51% of men married Portuguese women. (Meanwhile, 50% of the
1178:
861:
After Portugal's recovery from the effects of Salazarist dictatorship of the Estado Novo, the
852:
828:
808:
635:
631:
626:
591:
378:
265:
234:
203:
168:
3479:
3101:
3088:
2961:
2809:
5524:
5428:
5082:
5077:
5034:
4984:
4877:
4862:
4562:
4480:
4415:
4405:
4348:
4265:
4245:
4215:
4009:
3994:
3629:
3096:
2532:
2522:
2438:
2430:
2391:
2381:
2207:
2195:
2166:
1971:
1803:
1068:, included large numbers of highly qualified and experienced professionals and businessmen.
845:
595:
341:
330:
248:, any Brazilian who has at least one Portuguese parent or grandparent is eligible to obtain
173:
3859:
1526:. Considered a national dish of Brazil, is actually originated from the Portuguese cuisine.
337:
5536:
5531:
5309:
5242:
5142:
5102:
5039:
4969:
4552:
4453:
4145:
3718:
3703:
3467:
3449:
3431:
3157:
3075:
3052:
3034:
3030:
2923:
2348:
2280:
2043:
2018:
1768:
1686:
1663:
736:
607:
603:
557:
405:
317:
313:(center-left, pointing) sights the Brazilian mainland for the first time on 22 April 1500.
277:
193:
4182:
2304:
613:
A significant immigration of very rich Portuguese to Brazil occurred in 1808, when Queen
370:
2518:
1021:
was not unique: this trend had lasted since the beginning of colonization. In 1872, the
4882:
4693:
3650:
2443:
2416:
2310:
2244:
2138:
2055:
2037:
2031:
1815:
1792:
1667:
1650:
1132:
1041:
1022:
697:
693:
680:
658:
579:
553:
518:
470:
429:
413:
348:
322:
245:
125:
120:
2537:
2502:
5725:
5369:
5314:
5067:
4786:
3442:
2334:
1983:
1659:
1107:
752:
719:
The Portuguese and their descendants were quick to organize themselves and establish
115:
3374:"Migration Information Source - Shaping Brazil: The Role of International Migration"
3301:
1702:
is still today considered the largest "Portuguese city" outside of Portugal itself.
858:
in Brazil. The country received the majority of Portuguese immigrants in the world.
17:
4609:
3814:
3664:
3484:
2916:
2189:
2096:
1896:
1757:
1303:
599:
571:
514:
482:
474:
394:
293:
5262:
1856:(founder - 1903 - and chairman - up to 1962 - of Souza Cruz, tobacco corporation);
1776:
1490:
689:
409:
3068:
5519:
5502:
5493:
5097:
3671:
3496:
3174:
2220:
2183:
1926:
1299:
748:
709:
459:
450:
446:
433:
386:
377:. At the time the Portuguese Crown was focused on securing its highly lucrative
356:
was one of the main water sources of the population of the city of São Vicente,
2507:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
563:
5009:
4572:
3724:
3616:
3600:
3226:
2324:
2132:
1951:
1831:
1823:
1694:
only Europeans to settle Brazil in large numbers, since other groups (notably
891:
the economic crisis in Portugal and several other European Union member states
567:
530:
382:
178:
1551:, make it nearly impossible for some to keep a separate Portuguese identity.
521:
region in Portugal. In the beginning, Portugal stimulated the immigration of
5267:
3820:
2697:"Portugueses Em Minas Gerais No Século XVIII: Cultura e Práticas Educativas"
2585:"Ensaio Sobre a Imigração Portuguesa e Os Padrões do Miscigenação No Brasil"
2527:
1294:
1053:
1049:
534:
3690:
3317:
2546:
2452:
1799:
560:, despite efforts by the crown to place severe restrictions on emigration.
489:
1939:
1689:
in Brazil (the vast majority of them of Portuguese ancestry), 4.1 million
1637:
included large numbers of highly qualified and experienced professionals.
4673:
3644:
1695:
1626:
1523:
1289:
1045:
1013:
855:
792:
784:
622:
542:
526:
493:
478:
454:
374:
269:
230:
3133:
420:. Such convicts were sentenced for a variety of crimes according to the
5272:
3730:
3680:
3637:
3622:
1806:, 18th-century palace that served as seat for the colonial government,
1497:
Brazil was colonized by Portugal, and both countries share Portuguese,
1188:
638:
505:
466:
145:
130:
5325:
1298:
up only 15% of the male population of Rio de Janeiro in 1920): 47% of
477:. In 1676, 50 Azorean couples with 234 people of both sexes landed in
4522:
3581:
2162:
2067:
1947:
1943:
1146:
740:
510:
398:
83:
3248:
1862:(businessman, chairman of Grupo Votorantim; Portuguese grandfather);
1662:, Brazilians of different ethnicities may have Portuguese ancestry:
369:
Some of the earliest colonists for whom we have written records are
3089:"Notas sobre os imigrantes portugueses no Brasil: (sécs. XIX e XX)"
2434:
1543:
and the similarities between both cultures and the relatively easy
4491:
3657:
3274:
2467:"Cinco milhões de netos de emigrantes podem tornar-se portugueses"
2157:
2090:
1938:
1798:
1782:
1767:
1644:
1630:
1518:
1481:
1111:
1033:
1009:
1003:
796:
674:
562:
347:
336:
316:
304:
198:
1217:
Marriages of Portuguese immigrants in Rio de Janeiro (1907–1916)
630:
1822, Pedro was declared the first Emperor of Brazil and crowned
1868:(Barão de Mauá) (industrialist; Azorean-Portuguese grandparents)
1393:
Brazilians who were born to a foreign-born mother (1940 Census)
1322:
Brazilians who were born to a foreign-born father (1940 Census)
885:
The Portuguese sovereign debt and Eurozone crisis (2009–present)
5329:
4495:
3543:
1074:
Portuguese emigration at the end of the 19th century to Brazil
590:
of Brazil. Several hundred couples of Azoreans also settled in
2810:
The Cambridge history of Latin America: Colonial Latin America
1060:
The waves of Portuguese immigration to Brazil due to both the
424:, which included common theft, attempted murder and adultery.
574:
an 18th-century colonial city and UNESCO World Heritage Site.
3535:
Casa do Brasil quer imigração em debate na cimeira UE-Brasil
1314:
3145:
3143:
716:
reduced the ability of the Portuguese to travel to Brazil.
2743:. São Paulo: Imprensa Oficial Editora Unesp. p. 186.
3087:
Pasckes, Maria Luisa Nabinger de Almeida (30 July 1991).
2198:(plastic artist and furniture designer, Portuguese-born);
1733:
Brazilians who were born to a Portuguese father or mother
1008:
Passport of a Portuguese immigrant from the district of
911:
Source: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics
344:
in Rio de Janeiro as depicted by Leandro Joaquim (1790).
3343:
3064:
3062:
3060:
2579:
2577:
2186:(colonial sculptor and architect; Portuguese father);
1698:) only started arriving in large numbers after 1875.
1621:
pensioners have been moving to Brazil, mainly to the
1160:
or the part of Estremadura to the South of Tejo River
5693:
5588:
5565:
5491:
5411:
5364:
5156:
5048:
4941:
4919:
4824:
4721:
4596:
4533:
4441:
4382:
4331:
4300:
4274:
4233:
4224:
4208:
4199:
4133:
4117:
4086:
4028:
4019:
4002:
3993:
3921:
3878:
3845:
3797:
3790:
3758:
3741:
3711:
3702:
3592:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2123:(Oscar-nominated actress; Portuguese grandparents);
159:
101:
89:
76:
62:
3480:Rio de Janeiro, uma cidade portuguesa, com certeza
552:during the colonial times. According to historian
1145:to the North of Tejo River (included the city of
3461:Observatorio da Imprensa - Materias - 02/04/2003
3114:
3112:
2040:(singer and Hollywood actress; Portuguese-born);
869:, in the 1980s and 1990s with the growth of the
1881:(writer; Portuguese ancestry - Brazilian-born);
848:are just a few of its most prominent examples.
578:Between 1748 and 1756, 7,817 settlers from the
3425:Evolução da população brasileira segundo a cor
2646:Açorianos no Brasil, Vera Lúcia Maciel Barroso
1899:(playwright and essayist; Portuguese parents);
229:whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in
5341:
4507:
3555:
365:Early settlement and colonization (1500–1700)
8:
3024:Brasil atrai muitos portugueses qualificados
2985:
2983:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2015:(composer and conductor; Portuguese father);
1555:Most common Portuguese surnames in Brazil
803:Dwindling Portuguese immigration (1960–2009)
671:Portuguese immigration to Brazil (1822–1960)
42:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2561:"A pena do degredo nas Ordenações do Reino"
2070:(singer and songwriter; Portuguese father);
2058:(singer and songwriter; Portuguese father);
661:, Brazil, functioned as the capital of the
5348:
5334:
5326:
4947:
4830:
4727:
4602:
4514:
4500:
4492:
4230:
4205:
4025:
3999:
3794:
3708:
3589:
3562:
3548:
3540:
3306:Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População
2617:"The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Brazil"
2503:"Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians"
2417:"The Ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA Lineages"
2111:(actor and film-maker; Portuguese mother);
1968:(writer; Portuguese paternal grandfather);
1704:
1553:
1284:men married Italian women and only 47% of
895:including Spain, Italy, Ireland and Greece
755:, including two regular contenders of the
634:on 1 December 1822. Thousands of ordinary
54:
41:
3400:"Câmara Portuguesa de Comércio no Brasil"
3100:
2936:"Result of Portuguese Immigration (IBGE)"
2536:
2526:
2442:
1311:had higher levels of endogamy in Brazil.
1262:Portuguese man and another foreign woman
3102:10.11606/issn.2316-9141.v0i123-124p81-93
2154:(former footballer; Portuguese parents);
1389:
1318:
1213:
1070:
904:
2777:
2775:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2407:
2204:(colonial painter; Portuguese parents);
2192:(sculptor and artist; Portuguese-born);
1288:men married women from their country.)
819:However, between 1945 and 1963, during
773:Associação Atlética Portuguesa Santista
733:Beneficência Portuguesa de Porto Alegre
500:Growing Portuguese migrants (1700–1822)
5732:Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
2681:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2674:
2422:The American Journal of Human Genetics
2210:(painter; Azorean-Portuguese parents).
2184:Antônio Francisco Lisboa (Aleijadinho)
1617:In the late 1990s and the 2000s, some
1222:Nationalities of the grooms and brides
1210:Intermarriage with other ethnic groups
889:In the first six months of 2011, with
807:In the 1930s, the Brazilian President
3380:from the original on 15 February 2014
3354:from the original on 16 February 2017
2997:from the original on 22 November 2011
2372:Geographic distribution of Portuguese
2021:(colonial composer; Portuguese-born);
1905:(poet and writer; Portuguese father);
1744:Portuguese immigrants and descendants
1610:The Portuguese in contemporary Brazil
465:Azorean couples were also settled in
352:Existing since 1553, the Biquinha of
7:
3324:from the original on 6 December 2020
2623:from the original on 4 November 2013
2295:– 14th, and 17th President of Brazil
1649:Royal Portuguese Reading Cabinet in
1230:Portuguese man and Portuguese woman
795:, and Associação Luso-Brasileira in
729:Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo
641:left for Brazil after independence.
440:Azoreans in Maranhão, Pará and Amapá
280:and formulation of request from the
77:Regions with significant populations
4588:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
3525:Article about immigration to Brazil
3503:from the original on 29 August 2007
3281:from the original on 23 August 2007
3255:from the original on 8 October 2007
2861:"Os açorianos no Rio Grande do Sul"
2841:from the original on 31 August 2012
2301:– 41st Minister of Health of Brazil
2095:Portuguese Hospital in the city of
2064:Alves (singer; Portuguese parents);
1962:(colonial poet; Portuguese father);
1791:(Royal Portuguese Reading Room) in
1398:Main places of birth of the mother
1327:Main places of birth of the father
1238:Portuguese man and Brazilian woman
617:and her son and regent, the future
27:Brazilian individuals from Portugal
2477:from the original on 22 April 2020
2275:Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves
1917:(writer; Portuguese grandparents);
1789:Real Gabinete Português de Leitura
1764:Some notable Portuguese Brazilians
1539:is in large part derived from the
767:in São Paulo. Other clubs include
765:Associação Portuguesa de Desportos
700:. Upheavals in Portugal after the
25:
4583:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
3406:from the original on 27 July 2009
2962:"Portuguese Economy in the 1980s"
2141:(actor; Portuguese grandparents);
1773:Museum of the Portuguese Language
1254:Portuguese man and Italian woman
1246:Portuguese man and Spanish woman
1000:Characteristics of the immigrants
901:Portuguese immigration in numbers
781:Associação Portuguesa Londrinense
513:were discovered in the region of
5402:
4568:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
3571:
2968:from the original on 31 May 2009
2917:Portuguese Immigration (History)
2341:
2327:
1685:In 1872, there were 3.7 million
1401:Number of female immigrants over
908:Portuguese immigration to Brazil
657:For thirteen years (1808–1821),
646:
30:For the Portuguese dialect, see
453:is the first region to receive
329:on April 26, 1500. Painting by
1846:(chairman and former owner of
1403:12 years old who had children
1066:European sovereign debt crisis
769:Associação Atlética Portuguesa
606:. This was especially true in
401:(1538) date from that period.
1:
5737:Portuguese diaspora in Brazil
2129:(actress; Portuguese father);
2076:(singer; Portuguese parents);
2052:(singer; Portuguese parents);
2034:(singer; Portuguese parents);
1986:(writer; Portuguese parents);
1980:(writer; Portuguese parents);
1641:Portuguese Ancestry in Brazil
1478:Portuguese-Brazilian identity
761:Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama
739:, Real Hospital Português do
704:and the establishment of the
2135:(director; Portuguese-born);
2046:(singer; Portuguese father);
1974:(writer, Portuguese mother);
1929:(writer; Portuguese father);
1923:(writer; Portuguese father);
1911:(writer; Portuguese father);
1025:of Rio de Janeiro reported:
958:
920:
915:
906:
5030:Water supply and sanitation
4578:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
4553:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
2768:(2nd ed.). p. 71.
2739:Tirapeli, Percival (2007).
2271:– 34th President of Brazil
2117:(actress; Portuguese-born);
1866:Irineu Evangelista de Sousa
558:Portuguese Colony of Brazil
5753:
4558:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
3300:Klein, Herbert S. (1989).
2815:Cambridge University Press
2307:– 24th President of Brazil
2289:- 12th President of Brazil
2283:- 11th President of Brazil
2247:– 10th President of Brazil
2241:– 27th President of Brazil
2101:State of Rio Grande do Sul
2082:(singer; Portuguese-born).
2007:Arthur Napoleão dos Santos
1992:(poet and involved in the
1893:(writer; Portuguese-born);
1887:(poet; Portuguese father);
1826:are at least partially of
1706:Rio de Janeiro City(1890)
1369:Syria, Lebanon, Palestine,
916:
907:
763:in Rio de Janeiro and the
714:stock market crash of 1929
256:The Portuguese prerogative
29:
5400:
5287:
4950:
4833:
4812:President of the Republic
4730:
4605:
3588:
3074:15 September 2008 at the
2898:Lustosa, pp. 150–153
2889:Lustosa, pp. 117–119
2880:Lustosa, pp. 109–110
2277:– 5th President of Brazil
2269:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
1978:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
1946:, metropolitan region of
1860:Antônio Ermírio de Moraes
1392:
1321:
1216:
1073:
865:, and the turmoil of the
706:First Portuguese Republic
164:
106:
94:
81:
67:
53:
4735:Administrative divisions
3804:American (United States)
3151:Brazilian Census of 1940
3051:24 February 2013 at the
2807:Leslie Bethell (1986). "
2766:The Golden Age of Brazil
2741:São Paulo Artes e Etnias
2230:Antônio Carlos Magalhães
1954:, founded by Portuguese.
1935:(writer; grandparents);
1808:King John VI of Portugal
1371:Iraq, other Middle East
1307:Paulo records. Only the
735:, Hospital Português de
481:, coming from Feiteira,
360:, through the centuries.
2528:10.1073/pnas.0126614100
2232:– 37th, 39th, and 43rd
2215:Government and politics
2171:State of Santa Catarina
2009:(composer and pianist);
1921:Cláudio Manuel da Costa
1844:Abílio dos Santos Diniz
1717:Percentage of the City
1501:, and many traditions.
863:Portuguese Colonial war
771:in Rio de Janeiro, the
723:societies (such as the
4891:Science and technology
4573:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
4449:Demographics of Brazil
3578:Ancestry and ethnicity
2377:Demographics of Brazil
2367:Brazilians in Portugal
2239:Artur da Costa e Silva
2202:Manoel da Costa Ataíde
2174:
2104:
1955:
1885:Antônio Gonçalves Dias
1850:; Portuguese parents);
1819:
1796:
1780:
1654:
1527:
1494:
1110:(included the city of
1017:
877:, very few Portuguese
813:demographic transition
684:
575:
361:
345:
334:
314:
262:Constitution of Brazil
250:Portuguese citizenship
222:
141:Japanese new religions
70:Portuguese citizenship
3826:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
3466:12 March 2008 at the
2471:noticiaslusofonas.com
2315:Governor of São Paulo
2165:house in the city of
2161:
2094:
1994:Inconfidência Mineira
1990:Tomás Antônio Gonzaga
1942:
1802:
1786:
1771:
1722:Portuguese immigrants
1648:
1522:
1485:
1007:
678:
566:
375:Diogo Álvares Correia
351:
340:
320:
308:
215:Portuguese Brazilians
160:Related ethnic groups
43:Portuguese Brazilians
4709:World Heritage Sites
4642:Environmental issues
4615:Brazilian Antarctica
3497:"Os Genes de Cabral"
3430:5 March 2001 at the
3229:on 12 September 2007
3203:on 28 September 2007
3177:on 28 September 2007
3069:Imigração portuguesa
3029:29 June 2011 at the
2835:"Emigração Açoriana"
2709:on 12 September 2011
2473:. 17 February 2006.
2397:Mixed-race Brazilian
2387:White Latin American
1891:Padre António Vieira
1549:immigrants in Brazil
1225:Number of marriages
1062:Carnation Revolution
875:European integration
867:Carnation Revolution
842:António Champalimaud
833:Carnation Revolution
789:Tuna Luso Brasileira
325:in Brazil among the
311:Pedro Álvares Cabral
309:Portuguese explorer
32:Brazilian Portuguese
18:Portuguese Brazilian
5456:Trinidad and Tobago
5258:Syncretic Religions
5166:Freedom of religion
4848:Automotive industry
3530:IBGE, in Portuguese
3448:23 May 2008 at the
3156:6 July 2011 at the
3093:Revista de História
2922:16 May 2012 at the
2907:Vianna, p. 418
2789:on 24 February 2013
2519:2003PNAS..100..177P
2362:Portuguese diaspora
2299:José Gomes Temporão
2225:President of Brazil
2121:Fernanda Montenegro
2062:Francisco de Morais
1996:; Portuguese-born).
1966:João Ubaldo Ribeiro
1952:State of Pernambuco
1848:Grupo Pão de Açúcar
1707:
1625:, attracted by the
1556:
1487:São Bento Monastery
1406:Number of children
1330:Number of children
1309:Japanese immigrants
1270:Total of marriages
727:), hospitals (e.g.
712:and the subsequent
663:Kingdom of Portugal
619:João VI of Portugal
615:Maria I of Portugal
422:Ordenações do Reino
282:Minister of Justice
174:European Brazilians
50:
5218:Eastern Orthodoxy
5211:Ukrainian Catholic
4906:Telecommunications
4563:Empire (1822–1889)
4548:Indigenous peoples
3607:Indigenous peoples
3197:"Universia Brasil"
3171:"Casa de Portugal"
3095:(123–124): 81–93.
2663:on 12 January 2019
2175:
2163:Azorean Portuguese
2105:
2013:César Guerra-Peixe
1956:
1828:Portuguese descent
1820:
1812:Emperors of Brazil
1797:
1781:
1705:
1655:
1554:
1541:Portuguese culture
1528:
1495:
1048:(35.3% of women),
1018:
871:Portuguese economy
838:Estado Novo regime
685:
627:Pedro de Alcântara
576:
362:
358:State of São Paulo
346:
335:
315:
274:habitual residence
227:Brazilian citizens
189:Italian Brazilians
184:Spanish Brazilians
5719:
5718:
5323:
5322:
5283:
5282:
5225:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5190:Armenian Catholic
4995:Income inequality
4937:
4936:
4820:
4819:
4807:Political parties
4802:National Congress
4765:Freedom of speech
4750:Foreign relations
4717:
4716:
4489:
4488:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
3989:
3988:
3780:
3779:
3308:(in Portuguese).
3275:""Mundo Lusíada""
3249:"Liceu Literário"
3124:(in Portuguese).
2991:"Infobae América"
2750:978-8-5713-9725-5
2357:Portuguese people
2264:Emperor of Brazil
2255:Emperor of Brazil
2234:Governor of Bahia
1960:Gregório de Matos
1933:Euclides da Cunha
1909:Casimiro de Abreu
1854:Albino Souza Cruz
1754:
1753:
1607:
1606:
1537:Brazilian culture
1499:Roman Catholicism
1474:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1386:
1385:
1277:
1276:
1207:
1206:
997:
996:
823:'s dictatorship (
757:Brazilian Série A
745:Revista Atlântico
725:Casas de Portugal
592:Rio Grande do Sul
586:, located in the
379:Portuguese Empire
276:(permanent), the
266:Portuguese people
260:According to the
212:
211:
204:French Brazilians
109:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
5744:
5406:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5327:
5303:
5296:
5221:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5113:National symbols
4948:
4886:
4858:Economic history
4843:Animal husbandry
4831:
4728:
4603:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4493:
4231:
4206:
4026:
4000:
3795:
3709:
3590:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3541:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3487:
3476:
3470:
3458:
3452:
3440:
3434:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3225:. Archived from
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3199:. Archived from
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3173:. Archived from
3167:
3161:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3128:(121): 235–265.
3116:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3084:
3078:
3066:
3055:
3046:Portugueses IBGE
3043:
3037:
3022:
3018:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2942:on 19 April 2009
2938:. Archived from
2932:
2926:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2831:
2825:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2785:. Archived from
2779:
2770:
2769:
2764:Boxer, Charles.
2761:
2755:
2754:
2736:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2702:. Archived from
2701:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2659:. Archived from
2653:
2647:
2644:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2590:. Archived from
2589:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2412:
2392:Brazilian people
2382:White Brazilians
2351:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2208:Victor Meirelles
2196:Joaquim Tenreiro
2109:Amácio Mazzaropi
2074:Nelson Gonçalves
1972:Machado de Assis
1915:Cecília Meireles
1814:, is located in
1708:
1629:weather and the
1557:
1506:Casa de Portugal
1390:
1319:
1315:
1214:
1071:
1064:in 1974 and the
912:
905:
846:Marcello Caetano
827:), thousands of
650:
604:white population
539:São João del Rei
342:Carioca Aqueduct
331:Victor Meirelles
223:luso-brasileiros
63:Total population
58:
51:
49:
47:Luso-brasileiros
21:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5689:
5584:
5561:
5487:
5407:
5398:
5360:
5354:
5324:
5319:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5279:
5152:
5138:Science fiction
5128:Public holidays
5044:
5005:Life expectancy
4933:
4915:
4884:
4816:
4792:Law enforcement
4713:
4699:Water resources
4679:Protected areas
4592:
4529:
4520:
4490:
4485:
4425:
4378:
4327:
4296:
4270:
4226:
4220:
4187:
4129:
4113:
4082:
4021:
4015:
3985:
3917:
3880:Central America
3874:
3841:
3786:
3776:
3760:
3759:Central Africa
3754:
3743:
3737:
3698:
3584:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3521:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3477:
3473:
3468:Wayback Machine
3459:
3455:
3450:Wayback Machine
3443:Brasil 500 anos
3441:
3437:
3432:Wayback Machine
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3223:"Real Gabinete"
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3158:Wayback Machine
3148:
3141:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3076:Wayback Machine
3067:
3058:
3053:Wayback Machine
3044:
3040:
3035:Sol (newspaper)
3031:Wayback Machine
3021:(in Portuguese)
3020:
3019:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2924:Wayback Machine
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2806:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2657:"Archived copy"
2655:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2500:
2499:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2349:Portugal portal
2347:
2342:
2340:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2287:Washington Luís
2281:Artur Bernardes
2217:
2180:
2148:
2089:
2044:Daniela Mercury
2028:
2019:Marcos Portugal
2003:
1903:Basílio da Gama
1879:Aluísio Azevedo
1875:
1840:
1766:
1643:
1612:
1533:
1480:
1475:
1402:
1370:
1212:
1002:
910:
909:
903:
887:
805:
702:1910 Revolution
673:
668:
667:
666:
656:
651:
621:, fleeing from
608:Southern Brazil
588:Southern Region
502:
442:
367:
303:
278:age of majority
258:
208:
194:Afro-Brazilians
155:
45:
44:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5750:
5748:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5724:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5678:United Kingdom
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5611:Czech Republic
5608:
5603:
5598:
5592:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5499:
5497:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5362:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5330:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5305:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4929:Rail transport
4925:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4775:Women's rights
4772:
4767:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4664:Largest cities
4661:
4656:
4651:
4649:Extreme points
4646:
4645:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4625:Climate change
4617:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4496:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4442:Related topics
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4212:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4006:
4004:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3651:Amazonian Jews
3648:
3627:
3609:
3604:
3596:
3594:
3586:
3585:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3520:
3519:External links
3517:
3515:
3514:
3488:
3471:
3453:
3435:
3417:
3391:
3365:
3335:
3292:
3266:
3240:
3214:
3188:
3162:
3139:
3122:Análise Social
3108:
3079:
3056:
3038:
3008:
2979:
2953:
2927:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2852:
2826:
2800:
2771:
2756:
2749:
2720:
2688:
2648:
2634:
2608:
2597:on 6 July 2011
2573:
2552:
2513:(1): 177–182.
2488:
2458:
2435:10.1086/303004
2429:(2): 444–461.
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2338:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2293:Getúlio Vargas
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2245:Delfim Moreira
2242:
2236:
2227:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2179:
2176:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2139:Thiago Lacerda
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2115:Eugênia Câmara
2112:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2056:Fernanda Abreu
2053:
2050:Dóris Monteiro
2047:
2041:
2038:Carmen Miranda
2035:
2032:Aurora Miranda
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1839:
1836:
1816:Rio de Janeiro
1793:Rio de Janeiro
1765:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1674:and people of
1651:Rio de Janeiro
1642:
1639:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1532:
1531:Identity merge
1529:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1300:counterfeiters
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1123:Trás-os-Montes
1119:
1118:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1042:Port of Santos
1023:Consul general
1001:
998:
995:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
919:
918:
914:
913:
902:
899:
886:
883:
809:Getúlio Vargas
804:
801:
753:football teams
694:Rio de Janeiro
681:Carmen Miranda
672:
669:
659:Rio de Janeiro
653:
652:
645:
644:
643:
584:Santa Catarina
580:Azores Islands
554:Leslie Bethell
541:, Tiradentes,
501:
498:
441:
438:
430:New Christians
414:Rio de Janeiro
366:
363:
327:native Indians
302:
299:
257:
254:
246:Portuguese law
233:. Most of the
210:
209:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:
154:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
126:Evangelicalism
123:
121:Pentecostalism
118:
114:minorities of
111:
104:
103:
99:
98:
92:
91:
87:
86:
79:
78:
74:
73:
65:
64:
60:
59:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5749:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5641:Liechtenstein
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5461:United States
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5384:Guinea-Bissau
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:Luso-Africans
5367:
5363:
5358:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5236:Protestantism
5234:
5232:
5229:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5180:Christianity
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:States by HDI
5018:
5016:
5015:Social issues
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
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3923:South America
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3348:forebears.io/
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2335:Brazil portal
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2167:Florianópolis
2164:
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2128:
2125:
2122:
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2110:
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2087:Entertainment
2086:
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2029:
2026:Popular music
2025:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:Rubem Fonseca
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
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1953:
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1822:Most notable
1817:
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1804:Paço Imperial
1801:
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1660:miscegenation
1652:
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1521:
1517:
1516:immigrants."
1513:
1509:
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1500:
1492:
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1199:Alto Alentejo
1197:
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1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:Douro Litoral
1106:
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1101:
1099:
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1095:
1091:
1089:
1088:Beira Litoral
1086:
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933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
900:
898:
896:
892:
884:
882:
880:
876:
873:and a deeper
872:
868:
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859:
857:
854:
849:
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843:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
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800:
798:
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786:
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766:
762:
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750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
682:
677:
670:
664:
660:
655:
649:
642:
640:
637:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:Florianópolis
593:
589:
585:
581:
573:
569:
565:
561:
559:
555:
549:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
499:
497:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
456:
452:
448:
439:
437:
435:
431:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
359:
355:
350:
343:
339:
332:
328:
324:
319:
312:
307:
300:
298:
296:
295:
289:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
251:
247:
244:According to
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
166:
163:
158:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
116:Protestantism
113:
112:
110:
105:
100:
97:
93:
88:
85:
80:
75:
71:
66:
61:
57:
52:
48:
37:
33:
19:
5423:
5394:South Africa
5025:Unemployment
4975:Demographics
4853:Central Bank
4760:Human rights
4740:Constitution
4610:Amazon basin
4454:Colonization
4363:
4323:Scandinavian
4209:By ethnicity
4099:East Indians
4056:in São Paulo
4012:(East Asian)
4003:By ethnicity
3815:Confederados
3813:
3742:West Africa
3723:
3712:By ethnicity
3689:
3681:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3643:
3636:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3599:
3505:. Retrieved
3491:
3485:Google Books
3483:, p. 11, at
3478:
3474:
3456:
3438:
3420:
3408:. Retrieved
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3368:
3356:. Retrieved
3347:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3312:(2): 17–37.
3309:
3305:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3227:the original
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3201:the original
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:the original
3165:
3125:
3121:
3092:
3082:
3041:
2999:. Retrieved
2970:. Retrieved
2956:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:the original
2930:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2864:. Retrieved
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2829:
2808:
2803:
2791:. Retrieved
2787:the original
2765:
2759:
2740:
2711:. Retrieved
2704:the original
2691:
2667:10 September
2665:. Retrieved
2661:the original
2651:
2625:. Retrieved
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2592:the original
2564:. Retrieved
2555:
2510:
2506:
2479:. Retrieved
2470:
2461:
2426:
2420:
2410:
2305:João Goulart
2260:Dom Pedro II
2190:Artur Barrio
2127:Marília Pêra
2097:Porto Alegre
2080:Roberto Leal
1897:Augusto Boal
1821:
1810:and the two
1788:
1758:Y Chromosome
1755:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1656:
1635:
1616:
1613:
1534:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1468:
1422:
1379:Japan-Korea
1343:
1304:manslaughter
1278:
1058:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1019:
888:
860:
850:
818:
806:
749:sports clubs
744:
724:
718:
686:
612:
600:Porto Alegre
577:
572:Minas Gerais
550:
547:
522:
515:Minas Gerais
503:
487:
464:
443:
426:
421:
417:
403:
395:Porto Seguro
371:João Ramalho
368:
294:sine qua non
292:
290:
286:
259:
243:
239:colonization
214:
213:
46:
39:Ethnic group
36:
5711:New Zealand
5651:Netherlands
5567:Middle East
5494:Luso-Asians
5184:Catholicism
5098:Malandragem
5063:Archaeology
4990:Immigration
4896:Stock index
4838:Agriculture
4637:Environment
4469:from Europe
4464:Immigration
4459:Slave trade
4225:By country
4161:Palestinian
4094:Bangladeshi
4020:By country
3888:Costa Rican
3725:quilombolas
3358:6 September
3344:"Forebears"
3328:27 November
3001:21 November
2793:29 December
2783:"IBGE teen"
2311:Mário Covas
2251:Dom Pedro I
2221:Afonso Pena
1927:Coelho Neto
1672:Amerindians
1563:Population
1545:integration
1169:Beira Baixa
1143:Estremadura
1082:Percentage
825:Estado Novo
747:) and even
710:World War I
698:Tietê River
632:Dom Pedro I
582:arrived in
537:, Mariana,
434:crypto-Jews
412:(1554) and
397:(1534) and
391:São Vicente
5726:Categories
5646:Luxembourg
5546:Sri Lanka
5471:New Jersey
5389:Mozambique
5357:Portuguese
5223:Antiochian
5148:Television
5118:Newspapers
5093:Literature
4965:Corruption
4960:Censorship
4885:(currency)
4755:Government
4476:Emigration
4364:Portuguese
4359:Macedonian
4318:Lithuanian
4282:Belarusian
4078:Vietnamese
4046:Indonesian
3981:Venezuelan
3971:Surinamese
3961:Paraguayan
3951:Ecuadorian
3913:Salvadoran
3908:Panamanian
3903:Nicaraguan
3893:Guatemalan
3612:Mixed-race
3601:Brazilians
2972:17 October
2946:17 October
2403:References
2133:Ruy Guerra
1873:Literature
1832:generation
1824:Brazilians
1714:Population
1691:mixed-race
1676:mixed race
1619:Portuguese
1603:2,399,459
1595:2,630,114
1587:3,738,469
1579:3,981,191
1571:5,073,774
1417:1,069,862
1338:1,260,931
1158:Baixo Tejo
1098:Beira Alta
955:1981-1991
952:1961-1967
949:1951-1960
946:1931-1950
943:1901-1930
940:1881-1900
937:1856-1857
934:1837-1841
931:1827-1829
928:1808-1817
925:1701-1760
922:1500-1700
879:immigrants
853:Portuguese
829:Portuguese
721:mutual aid
636:Portuguese
568:Ouro Preto
531:Ouro Preto
418:degredados
383:pau brasil
321:The first
235:Portuguese
219:Portuguese
179:Lusophones
169:Portuguese
107:Primarily
96:Portuguese
5701:Australia
5525:Mardijker
5515:Indonesia
5483:Venezuela
5419:Argentina
5268:Quimbanda
5263:Candomblé
5133:Sculpture
5108:Mythology
5058:Animation
5000:Languages
4980:Education
4921:Transport
4782:Judiciary
4745:Elections
4694:Time Zone
4669:Mountains
4632:Coastline
4598:Geography
4394:British (
4339:Bulgarian
4292:Ukrainian
4256:Hungarian
4227:or region
4104:Pakistani
4068:Malaysian
4022:or region
3976:Uruguayan
3946:Colombian
3931:Argentine
3855:Barbadian
3847:Caribbean
3821:New Texas
3809:Americana
3772:Congolese
3645:mamelucos
3507:17 August
3285:18 August
3259:18 August
3233:31 August
3207:31 August
3181:31 August
2866:16 August
2845:16 August
2713:18 August
2627:16 August
2601:18 August
2178:Fine arts
1950:, in the
1777:São Paulo
1623:northeast
1600:Rodrigues
1491:São Paulo
1295:prejudice
1054:Austrians
1050:Spaniards
690:São Paulo
535:Congonhas
410:São Paulo
136:Spiritism
90:Languages
5668:Slovenia
5555:Mestiços
5550:Burghers
5542:Pakistan
5537:Malaysia
5451:Suriname
5412:Americas
5359:diaspora
5310:Category
5248:Hinduism
5197:Maronite
5176:Buddhism
5158:Religion
5123:Painting
5073:Carnaval
4955:Abortion
4901:Taxation
4873:Industry
4797:Military
4723:Politics
4704:Wildlife
4674:Pantanal
4543:Timeline
4527:articles
4400:Scottish
4369:Romanian
4344:Croatian
4332:Southern
4308:Estonian
4301:Northern
4241:Austrian
4156:Lebanese
4141:Armenian
4087:Southern
4051:Japanese
4041:Filipino
3966:Peruvian
3956:Guyanese
3936:Bolivian
3898:Honduran
3870:Jamaican
3833:Canadian
3791:Americas
3750:Nigerian
3673:caiçaras
3638:caboclos
3617:mestiços
3501:Archived
3464:Archived
3446:Archived
3428:Archived
3404:Archived
3378:Archived
3352:Archived
3322:Archived
3318:12342854
3279:Archived
3253:Archived
3154:Archived
3134:41010979
3072:Archived
3049:Archived
3027:Archived
2995:Archived
2966:Archived
2920:Archived
2839:Archived
2817:. p.47.
2677:cite web
2621:Archived
2547:12509516
2481:12 April
2475:Archived
2453:10873790
2321:See also
1838:Business
1696:Italians
1627:tropical
1584:Oliveira
1524:Feijoada
1457:Germany
1452:171,790
1441:436,305
1430:524,940
1423:Portugal
1414:130,273
1382:104,355
1374:107,074
1364:159,809
1361:Germany
1356:340,479
1348:735,929
1344:Portugal
1290:Endogamy
1179:Ribatejo
1046:Italians
1014:Portugal
987:235,635
984:148,699
981:754,147
978:316,204
963:600,000
960:100,000
856:diaspora
785:Londrina
737:Salvador
639:settlers
623:Napoleon
527:goldrush
523:minhotos
488:In 1751
460:Maranhão
451:Maranhão
447:Maranhão
408:(1549),
406:Salvador
393:(1532),
389:(1531),
387:Cananéia
354:Anchieta
270:Portugal
231:Portugal
102:Religion
5694:Oceania
5636:Iceland
5631:Germany
5621:Finland
5616:Denmark
5606:Croatia
5601:Belgium
5596:Austria
5478:Uruguay
5294:Outline
5273:Umbanda
5253:Judaism
5204:Melkite
5088:Cuisine
5050:Culture
5035:Welfare
4943:Society
4911:Tourism
4868:Exports
4826:Economy
4684:Regions
4659:Islands
4654:Geology
4620:Climate
4535:History
4396:English
4390:Belgian
4383:Western
4374:Spanish
4354:Italian
4313:Latvian
4287:Russian
4275:Eastern
4234:Central
4183:Turkish
4173:Iranian
4134:Western
4118:Central
4036:Chinese
4029:Eastern
3941:Chilean
3865:Haitian
3838:Mexican
3767:Angolan
3731:Kalunga
3691:sararás
3682:mulatos
3666:juçaras
3659:cafuzos
3624:ainokos
3384:30 June
2515:Bibcode
2444:1287189
2313:– 30th
1747:267,664
1739:30,84%
1736:161,203
1728:20,36%
1725:106,461
1631:beaches
1560:Surname
1463:98,653
1460:22,232
1449:35,640
1438:66,354
1427:99,197
1286:Spanish
1282:Italian
1273:13,753
1189:Algarve
990:54,767
975:16,108
966:24,000
917:Period
821:Salazar
787:, the
679:Singer
545:, etc.
506:Funchal
455:Azorean
333:(1860).
301:History
146:Judaism
131:Atheism
82:All of
5706:Hawaii
5673:Sweden
5663:Norway
5626:France
5589:Europe
5580:Turkey
5575:Israel
5492:Asia (
5466:Hawaii
5446:Mexico
5441:Guyana
5436:Canada
5429:Pardos
5424:Brazil
5379:Angola
5366:Africa
5315:Portal
5171:Baháʼí
5143:Sports
5083:Comics
5078:Cinema
5010:People
4985:Health
4878:Mining
4863:Energy
4689:Rivers
4525:
4523:Brazil
4481:Racism
4411:French
4261:Polish
4251:German
4201:Europe
4178:Jewish
4166:Syrian
4125:Afghan
4109:Romani
4063:Korean
4010:Yellow
3704:Africa
3631:pardos
3593:Brazil
3582:Brazil
3410:20 May
3316:
3132:
2821:
2747:
2566:1 July
2545:
2538:140919
2535:
2451:
2441:
2262:– 2nd
2253:– 1st
2223:– 6th
2146:Sports
2068:Joanna
1948:Recife
1944:Olinda
1750:51,2%
1687:Whites
1668:Blacks
1664:Whites
1576:Santos
1469:
1446:Japan
1435:Spain
1411:Italy
1353:Spain
1335:Italy
1241:6,176
1233:6,964
1147:Lisbon
1127:14.5%
1102:22.6%
1079:Region
993:4,605
969:2,004
779:, the
777:Santos
759:: the
741:Recife
490:Macapá
399:Iguape
264:, the
225:) are
151:Others
84:Brazil
5532:Macau
5503:India
5301:Index
5243:Islam
5103:Music
5040:Youth
4970:Crime
4883:Real
4416:Irish
4406:Dutch
4349:Greek
4266:Swiss
4246:Czech
4216:White
4151:Iraqi
3860:Cuban
3719:Black
3149:IBGE.
3130:JSTOR
2707:(PDF)
2700:(PDF)
2595:(PDF)
2588:(PDF)
2001:Music
1711:Group
1592:Souza
1568:Silva
1203:0.1%
1193:0.4%
1183:0.5%
1173:0.5%
1163:0.6%
1152:6.3%
1133:Minho
1112:Porto
1034:Bahia
1010:Braga
797:Bauru
793:Belém
751:with
543:Goiás
519:Minho
511:mines
494:Amapá
483:Faial
479:Belém
475:Faial
471:Horta
199:Pardo
5683:Jews
5656:Jews
5520:Indo
5508:Jews
5068:Arts
4770:LGBT
4398:and
4146:Arab
4073:Thai
3995:Asia
3509:2007
3412:2008
3386:2008
3360:2017
3330:2020
3314:PMID
3287:2007
3261:2007
3235:2007
3209:2007
3183:2007
3003:2011
2974:2008
2948:2008
2868:2010
2847:2010
2819:ISBN
2795:2011
2745:ISBN
2715:2010
2683:link
2669:2012
2629:2010
2603:2010
2568:2023
2543:PMID
2483:2023
2449:PMID
2152:Zico
1787:The
1535:The
1265:100
1257:156
1249:357
1137:13%
1117:17%
1092:25%
972:629
844:and
692:and
598:and
467:Pará
373:and
323:Mass
5231:LDS
4787:Law
3614:or
3580:in
3097:doi
2813:".
2533:PMC
2523:doi
2511:100
2439:PMC
2431:doi
1834:).
1775:in
1547:of
1489:in
791:in
783:in
775:in
492:in
5728::
3499:.
3402:.
3376:.
3350:.
3346:.
3320:.
3277:.
3251:.
3142:^
3126:28
3111:^
3091:.
3059:^
3033:,
3011:^
2993:.
2982:^
2964:.
2837:.
2774:^
2723:^
2679:}}
2675:{{
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2576:^
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2491:^
2469:.
2447:.
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2427:67
2425:.
2419:.
2169:,
2099:,
1678:.
1670:,
1666:,
1633:.
1012:,
893:,
799:.
731:,
610:.
570:,
533:,
485:.
473:,
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284:.
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