Portuguese Restoration War - Knowledge (XXG)

3226: 1312: 1044: 1352: 43: 1403:(cavalry raids) to burn fields, sack towns, and steal large herds of enemy cattle and sheep. Soldiers and officers, many of them mercenaries, were primarily interested in booty and prone to desertion. For long periods, without men or money, neither side mounted formal campaigns, and when actions were taken, they were often driven as much by political considerations, such as Portugal's need to impress potential allies, as by clear military objectives. Year after year, given the problems of campaigning in the winter, and the heat and dry conditions of summer, most of the serious fighting was confined to two relatively short "campaigning seasons" in the spring and autumn. 1635: 1692: 1661: 219: 2292: 1496: 1703: 371: 359: 347: 335: 323: 311: 299: 206: 449: 437: 425: 413: 401: 274: 383: 1155: 1424: 238: 254: 893: 2040:: The English began to dominate the trade in port wine from Portugal after a political spat with the French denied them Bordeaux wines. Brandy was added to the Portuguese wines to fortify them for the Atlantic voyage. Together with the restoration of Charles II in England, the "port connection" had an increasingly positive influence on Anglo-Portuguese relations. 2090:, saw an opportunity to gain power at court by befriending the mentally deficient king. He managed to convince the king that his mother, Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, was plotting to steal his throne and exile him from Portugal. As a result, Afonso asserted his right to rule and dispatched his mother to a convent. The king appointed Castelo Melhor his secret notary ( 1442:) of Spanish defence spending was appropriated for fighting Portugal, a figure that rose during the major campaigns of the 1660s. Portugal was able to finance its war effort because of its ability to tax the spice trade with Asia and the sugar trade from Brazil, and it received some support from the European opponents of Spain, particularly France and England. 1671: 1646: 2328:, in an area of central Portugal where there was easy access to flocks of sheep and clean mountain water, but they were highly unpopular with both local consumers and traditional weavers. Meanwhile, Portuguese attempts to develop a silk industry were undercut by the French, who wanted to monopolize that market. 2331:

More importantly, after 1668, Portugal increasingly cultivated intellectual ties with Western Europe, especially France and England, marking a shift away from its Iberian roots and towards cultural and political independence from Spain. Fear of Spanish invasion remained a powerful tool in reinforcing

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by Spanish and foreign troops were loathed and feared by the Spanish population as much as raids by the enemy. In Extremadura, local militias bore the brunt of the fighting until 1659, and the absence of these part-time soldiers was extremely harmful to agriculture and local finances. Since there was

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Hoping for a quick victory in Portugal, Spain immediately committed seven regiments to the Portuguese frontier, but delays by the Count of Monterrey, a commander with more interest in the comforts of life at camp than the battlefield, squandered any immediate advantage. A Portuguese counter-thrust in

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and the so-called "Spanish School", but that reputation and tactic had diminished with the Thirty Years' War. Nevertheless, the consummate statesman, Richelieu, decided to force Philip IV to look to his own internal problems. To divert the Spanish troops besieging France, Louis XIII, on the advice of

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The ensuing conflict with Spain brought Portugal into the Thirty Years' War as at least a peripheral player. From 1641 to 1668, the period during which the two nations were at war, Spain sought to isolate Portugal militarily and diplomatically, and Portugal tried to find the resources to maintain its

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Militarily, the Portuguese Restoration War consisted mainly of border skirmishes and cavalry raids to sack border towns, combined with occasional invasions and counter-invasions, many of them half-hearted and under-financed. There were only five major set-piece battles during twenty-eight years of

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confrontation characterized by attrition, often featuring local forces composed of familiar neighbors, yet this intimacy failed to temper the brutality exhibited by both sides. Soldiers and officers, many mercenaries facing payment shortages, turned to looting and desertion. The Portuguese sought

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Immediately after assuming the Portuguese throne, John IV took several steps to strengthen his position. On 11 December 1640, a 'Council of War' was created to organize all of the operations. Next, the king created the 'Junta of the Frontiers' to take care of the fortresses near the border, the

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in England, the Queen-Regent re-negotiated the treaty of 1654. Portugal was allowed to recruit soldiers and horses in England for the fight against Spain, to seek the conscription of four thousand mercenaries in Scotland and Ireland, and to charter twenty-four English ships to carry them. The

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trade in tobacco and sugar, and the export of salt. During the eighteenth century, even though staples were not abandoned, the Portuguese economy came to be based more upon enslaved people, gold, leather, and wine. Portuguese trade, centered in the busy port of Lisbon, was most influenced by

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in 1659. The death of John IV in 1656 signalled the beginning of the regency of his wife, followed by a succession crisis and a palace coup (1662). Despite these domestic problems, the expulsion of the Dutch from Brazil (1654) and the signing of a treaty with England (also in 1654) improved

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on 17 June 1665. The Portuguese infantry and artillery emplacements broke the Spanish cavalry, and the Spanish force lost over 10,000 men, including casualties and prisoners. Shortly thereafter, the Portuguese retook Vila Viçosa. These were the last major engagements of the war.

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often no money to pay or support the troops (or to reward their commanders), the Spanish crown turned a blind eye to the smuggling, contraband, profiteering, disorder, and destruction that had become rampant on the frontier. Similar conditions also existed among the Portuguese.

2062:, with a dowry of two million gold pieces. Servicing this wedding debt burdened the Portuguese exchequer for the next half-century. The marriage with a Protestant monarch was deeply unpopular with those among the Portuguese nobility who favoured alliance with France. An 853:. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the 1514:, commanding an army of 20,000 provisioned for six weeks. In May, he successfully captured Évora, sparking a surge of emotion in Lisbon and raising alarm throughout Portugal, as there was now no major barrier to impede a Spanish advance on Lisbon. 1019:

A year later, in December 1641, he created a tenancy to assure that all of the country's fortresses would be upgraded and that the improvements would be financed with regional taxes. He also organized the army, re-established the 'Military Laws of

999:, was acclaimed as King John IV of Portugal. The news spread quickly throughout the country. By 2 December 1640, the day after the coup, John IV, acting in his capacity as sovereign of the country, had sent a letter to the Municipal Chamber of 1106:

To fulfill the common foreign policy interests of Portugal and France, a treaty of alliance between the two countries was concluded at Paris on 1 June 1641. It lasted eighteen years before Richelieu's successor as unofficial foreign minister,

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Nonetheless, the overriding goal, a formal pact with France, continued to evade Portugal, whose weakness and isolation had been driven home by its virtual exclusion at the negotiations for the European settlement-of-settlements, the new

2148:: The Siege of Évora occurred when the Portuguese army led by Sancho Manoel de Vilhena and by the Count of Mértola retook the city from the Spanish occupiers, with little to no casualties. The entire Spanish garrison surrendered. 1919:. John agreed to prevent the molestation of English traders in Portugal and its possessions and to allow them to use their own bible and to bury their dead according to Protestant rites even though they were on Catholic soil. 2303:

For Portugal, its restoration of independence from Spain was clearly established, and it proved that it could fend for itself, albeit with difficulty. Its victories on the battlefield had re-awakened Portuguese nationalism.

1716:, under white background (or varied background colors, like quarters in green and white in some Portuguese regiments) were the standards more used by the Portuguese and Spanish regiments in the battlefields, respectively 1398:

Spain, at first, made the war a defensive one. Portugal, for its part, felt no need to take Spanish territory in order to win, and it too was willing to make the war a defensive contest. Campaigns typically consisted of

1189:, repeatedly attacking Portugal's colonial possessions in the Americas, in Africa, in India, and in the Far East. Portugal was in a defensive posture throughout, and it received very little military help from Spain. 2076:: English mediation induced the Netherlands to acknowledge, on 6 August 1661, Portuguese rule in Brazil, in return for uncontested control of Ceylon and eight million guilders. This agreement was formalized in the 1232:. Portuguese problems in dealing with England arose from the fact that the English Parliament fought and won its anti-royalist war while, at the same time, Portugal's royal court continued to receive and recognize 1467:

With this treaty and the end of hostilities in Catalonia in 1652, Spain was again ready to direct its efforts against Portugal, but it faced a lack of men, resources, and, especially, good military commanders.

1751:, head of the senior family among the Portuguese nobility, accepted the throne as John IV of Portugal later the same day. John's entire reign was dominated by the struggle to maintain Portuguese independence. 1165:

At the time of the revolution in Lisbon (1 December 1640), the Portuguese had been at war with the Dutch for nearly forty years. A good deal of the conflict can be attributed to the fact that Spain and the

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Both sides returned to skirmishing campaigns. Portugal, with the intercession of its English ally, had sought a truce, but after the decisive Portuguese victory at Montes Claros and with the signing of a

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Economically, Portugal's restoration of independence freed it to pursue the course mapped out by the pioneers of commercial imperialism. During the seventeenth century, its economy depended largely upon

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retribution for grievances accumulated during sixty years of Spanish rule, whereas the Spanish viewed their adversaries not as legitimate combatants deserving of honorable treatment but as rebels.

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The Portuguese now had some 30,000 troops in the Alentejo-Extremadura theatre, but they could not draw the Spanish again into a major engagement until June 1665, when a new Spanish commander, the

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After gaining several small victories, John tried to make peace quickly. However, his demand that Philip recognize the new ruling dynasty in Portugal was not fulfilled until the reign of his son,

2087: 1653: 3379: 1251:, it became possible for Portugal to compensate for the lack of French support by renewing its alliance with England, with experienced soldiers and officers available from the demobilised 647: 2094:), a position in which Castelo Melhor was able to exercise the functions of first minister. Because of the weakness of the king, Castelo Melhor became the virtual "dictator of Portugal". 1785:, on 12 July 1641. The treaty was not respected by either party; as a consequence, it had no effect on the Portuguese dependencies of Brazil and Angola that were under Dutch occupation. 1518: 351: 1315: 3076: 2194:; Spain ceased hostilities, but a true peace treaty was not signed for another three years. Montes Claros is considered one of the most important battles in Portuguese history. 2058:, who had married King Charles II of England on 25 May 1661. In addition to the deeds to Bombay and Tangier, Catherine arrived in London, where she popularized the practice of 478: 1086:, to the north and east of France. In addition, Philip IV controlled large territories in Italy, where he could, at will, impose a fourth front by attacking French-controlled 1070:

that were supported and financed by Madrid and had to send French armies to fight the Spanish Habsburgs on three different fronts. In addition to their shared frontier at the

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Portuguese nationalism and fueling hostility towards Spain and anything perceived as Spanish, as independence became synonymous with resistance against Castilian influence.

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was signed on 7 November 1659, ending Spain's long war with France, and Spanish troops were free once more to suppress the Portuguese 'rebellion'. The Spaniards besieged

2256:: The French alliance had been imperilled by the annulment of Afonso's marriage, but Pedro strengthened his political position by marrying his brother's estranged queen. 3386: 3529: 2191: 1556: 1066:, was fully aware of the fact that France was operating under strained circumstances. Louis was at war with Spain at that time; he had to control rebellions within 911:

who followed a different approach to Portuguese concerns. Portuguese merchants saw higher taxes, the Portuguese nobility began to lose its influence at the Spanish

471: 453: 1490: 1765:, who had its leaders executed. Miguel Luís de Menezes, 2nd Duke of Caminha, was executed for continuing to support the Habsburgs' claim to the Portuguese throne. 1296:, a long period (1646–1660) of military standoffs, characterized by small-scale raiding, while Spain concentrated on its military commitments elsewhere in Europe, 3225: 1366:

Three theaters of warfare were eventually opened, but most activity focused on the northern front, near Galicia, and on the central frontier between Portuguese

640: 1311: 1290:, an early stage (1640–1646) when a few major engagements demonstrated that the Portuguese could not be easily returned to submission to the Spanish Habsburgs, 1138:

Seven years later, in the late stages of the Portuguese Restoration War, relations between the two countries thawed to the extent that the young (but sickly)

1204:(1654). The Dutch signed a European truce with Portugal, helping each other somewhat against their common enemy, Spain. The Dutch resumed buying salt in the 441: 3574: 2774: 1351: 599: 3165: 2129: 2101: 1799:

on 16 October 1641, where they remained until 6 January 1649. This was clearly a violation of the agreement made with Portugal only three months earlier.

1499: 387: 1043: 928:. In response, the Dutch embarked on systematic attacks on Portuguese colonies and outposts, either pillaging or occupying them in what is known as the 1302:, a final period (1660–1668) during which the Spanish king, Philip IV, unsuccessfully sought a decisive victory that would bring an end to hostilities. 2338:, the Portuguese colony in the Far East, remained loyal to the Portuguese monarch during the entire occupation period. Thus it was awarded the title “ 2224:: Marie Françoise petitioned for an annulment of her marriage to Afonso VI, based on the impotence of the king. The Church granted her the annulment. 1406:

The war settled into a pattern of mutual destruction. As early as December 1641, it was common to hear Spaniards throughout the country lament that "

3069: 1738: 1638: 1340: 1267:, which assured Portugal of outside support in its conflict with Spain. The English alliance helped peace with Spain, which had been drained by the 977: 781: 633: 56: 42: 3261: 1174:(1568–1648), and, ever since hostilities between Portugal and the Dutch Republic erupted in 1602, Portugal had been ruled by a Spanish monarch. 1098:

Richelieu, supported John's claim during the Acclamation War on the reasoning that a Portuguese war would drain Spanish resources and manpower.

3493: 3569: 2987: 2950: 3120: 3140: 2930: 881: 803: 2720: 2366: 1216:, had assumed the Portuguese throne. However, Dutch attacks on Portuguese territories persisted until 1663, even after the signing of the 838: 3514: 3062: 34: 1622:

The Portuguese were victorious in almost all of these engagements, and peace was concluded, with the help of English mediation, by the

858: 734: 3478: 3033: 3003: 2964: 2940: 2919: 2888: 2867: 2848: 2400: 30: 3544: 3524: 3488: 3463: 2355: 2234:, Castelo Melhor, and his francophile party were overthrown by the king's younger brother, Pedro, Duke of Beja, (who later ruled as 3353: 47:

German engraving from the 1650s representing the episodes of the Portuguese restoration of independence. Clockwise from top left:

3549: 3145: 2878: 714: 1579:, the Spanish Habsburgs finally agreed to recognize the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty on 13 February 1668. 1192:

After the acclamation of John, the pattern persisted all over the Portuguese Empire until the final expulsion of the Dutch from

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In the seventeenth century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the

3559: 3539: 3519: 3195: 1382:, was a logical target for Portugal, but it was never the focus of a Portuguese attack, probably because the Portuguese queen, 1634: 3564: 2829: 2810: 2116:

was fought on 8 June 1663. After they had spent nearly all spring overrunning the south of Portugal, the Spanish army, under

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on the pretense that he was incapable of governing. Castelo Melhor fled into exile; ironically, he chose to live in England.

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The war was also expensive. In the 1650s, there were over 20,000 Spanish troops in Extremadura alone, compared to 27,000 in

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salt factories, restarting commerce between the two countries for the first time since 1580, when the Spanish branch of the

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The 1650s were indecisive militarily but important on the political and diplomatic fronts, with the brief exception of the

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Portugal's diplomatic and financial position temporarily and gave it needed protection against a naval raid on Lisbon.

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Spain had enjoyed the reputation of having the most formidable military force in Europe, with the introduction of the

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The support of the people became apparent almost immediately and within a matter of hours, Philip III's third cousin

2104:, who brilliantly commanded the international mercenary army that had been assembled with the assistance of England. 1521:, were bolstered by the arrival of a British brigade which numbered 3,000 in August 1662. Many were veterans of the 3170: 2077: 1782: 1709: 1217: 1691: 1552:

on 8 June 1663, and this forced John of Austria to abandon Évora and retreat across the border with heavy losses.

1477: 1135:). Most important to the Portuguese, the French recognised Philip IV of Spain as the legitimate king of Portugal. 514: 3210: 3205: 2396: 2371: 2324:, advocated the development of a native textile industry based on a Flemish model. Factories were established at 2156: 2059: 1870: 1609: 1120: 985: 604: 544: 1781:: Portugal and the Dutch Republic signed a 'Treaty of Offensive and Defensive Alliance', otherwise known as the 929: 862: 529: 2778: 2125: 1992: 1806: 1660: 1545:, The brigade, under Schomberg's leadership, proved a decisive factor in winning back Portugal's independence. 1186: 1182: 363: 3308: 2802:

Renascent Empire?: The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640–1683

2171: 2100:: Castelo Melhor commenced the final (successful) phase of the Portuguese Acclamation War with the aid of the 2775:"Step onto Senado Square and into the past: Walking tours bring Macau's Chinese, Portuguese history in focus" 579: 3483: 3100: 2291: 2263: 2182: 1743: 1623: 1615: 1576: 1567: 1332: 1237: 846: 719: 609: 574: 559: 143: 524: 3408: 3368: 3190: 3130: 2725:

Guerra da Restauração Blog de História Militar dedicado à Guerra da Restauração ou da Aclamação, 1641–1668

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expeditionary force was issued English weapons upon arrival in Portugal and guaranteed freedom of worship.

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Following the indecisive campaigns of 1662, Spain launched a major effort to win the war. In April 1663,

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of northeastern Brazil, re-establishing the territorial integrity of Portugal's South American holdings.

1916: 1649: 1526: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1158: 1139: 973: 961: 375: 327: 52: 957: 2376: 2360: 2296: 2235: 2200:: In an attempt to establish an alliance with France, Castelo Melhor arranged for Afonso VI to marry 1679: 1461: 1343:, one of a number of experienced Portuguese colonial officers who rose to prominence during the war. 1268: 1241: 1178: 1171: 1063: 1032: 981: 946: 925: 854: 564: 554: 549: 539: 339: 3458: 3448: 3403: 3358: 3333: 3318: 3115: 3086: 2343: 2271: 2160:

was fought on 7 July 1664. A regional military commander, Pedro Jacques de Magalhães, defeated the

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and had no stomach for further warfare with other European powers, especially a resurgent England.

1047: 996: 904: 896: 822: 786: 766: 584: 303: 211: 176: 164: 138: 127: 106: 77: 71: 2274:, finally recognized the legitimacy of the Portuguese monarch. Portugal kept all of its remaining 1741:

on 1 December 1640. She famously tried to calm the Portuguese people during demonstrations in the

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Masters of Warfare Fifty Underrated Military Commanders from Classical Antiquity to the Cold War

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The History of Portugal – From the Reign of D. Joao II. to the Reign of D. Joao V. – Volume III

2170:: The Siege of Valencia de Alcántara results in the successful conquest of the Spanish town of 3443: 3438: 3413: 3363: 3255: 3105: 3029: 2999: 2960: 2936: 2915: 2884: 2863: 2844: 2825: 2806: 2317: 2275: 1940: 1841: 1713: 1591: 1522: 1336: 1229: 1193: 1067: 877: 873: 756: 594: 519: 224: 63: 2975: 3338: 3328: 3298: 3110: 3054: 2991: 1866: 1826: 1108: 1083: 933: 912: 761: 131: 3313: 3293: 3283: 3200: 2860:

European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648

2215: 2205: 1950: 1949:: John IV died on 6 November 1656 after a reign of fifteen years. His queen, who was born 1912: 1411: 1331:

On 26 May 1644, a large column of Spanish troops and mercenaries, commanded by Neapolitan

1201: 1132: 724: 3288: 2506: 1024:', and undertook a diplomatic campaign focused on restoring good relations with England. 989: 739: 3348: 3023: 2954: 2800: 2282:

on the north African coast, which didn't recognize the Braganza Dynasty during the war.

1898: 1888: 1792: 1560: 1530: 1252: 1197: 1167: 1021: 921: 842: 791: 278: 258: 253: 184: 172: 110: 1154: 1031:, during the regency of Peter of Braganza, another of his sons, who later became King 980:, who had been governing Portugal in his name. Philip's troops were then fighting the 920:

Moreover, Spain entangled Portugal in the efforts to suppress the independence of the

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The Portuguese relief column under António Luís de Meneses and Schomberg met them at

850: 150: 2238:.) Pedro first installed himself as his brother's regent and then arranged Afonso's 2214:: The ambitious Castelo Melhor planned to prosecute the war to the extent of taking 3433: 3185: 3180: 3175: 2218:

and presenting it to the Portuguese crown as a war indemnity, but he was dissuaded.

1902: 1733:: A small group of conspirators stormed the royal palace in Lisbon and deposed the 1675: 1213: 796: 667: 417: 2299:

in Macau, with a plaque in which the city's name, title and honours are inscribed.

2002: 1529:, this was a convenient way of getting rid of demobilized soldiers of Cromwell's 3323: 2309: 2067: 1456: 1423: 1407: 1371: 941: 1181:

was fought almost entirely overseas, with the Dutch mercantile surrogates, the

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independence through political alliances and maintaining its colonial income.

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Warfare at Sea, 1500–1650 Maritime Conflicts and the Transformation of Europe

1078:, formerly Philip III of Portugal as well, reigned, under various titles, in 932:. Spanish preoccupation with defending their own empire, particularly in the 463: 3428: 1534: 1379: 1236:

princes and nobles. The strained relations persisted during the short-lived

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was fought on 14 January 1659. Portuguese troops, under the command of the

1881:, and expelled the Dutch, thereby restoring the African colony to Portugal. 892: 1410:

is finished." Tax collectors, recruiting officers, billeted soldiers, and

917:, and Spaniards increasingly occupied the government's posts in Portugal. 3025:

Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926 by Douglas L. Wheeler

2342:”, or “City by the Name of God, Macau, There Is None More Loyal” by King 2243: 2121: 1830: 1511: 1435: 1367: 1128: 1094: 1079: 1071: 1000: 1670: 1119:

was signed in 1659. Under its terms, France received the portion of the

2983: 2051: 1954: 1936: 1905:, which had been a Portuguese trading outpost on the Arabian Peninsula. 1846: 1645: 1375: 939:

The situation culminated in a revolution organized by the nobility and

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were ceded to England on 23 June 1661 as a dowry for Afonso's sister,

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and removing them from English territory. They were led by the German

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that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the

1849:, between the Portuguese and the Spanish, was fought on 26 May 1644. 2335: 2290: 2279: 2239: 1669: 1659: 1644: 1633: 1563:

with about 23,000 men, including recruits from Germany and Italy.

1502:, who was in command of the English contingent brigade in Portugal 1494: 1422: 1350: 1323:

late 1641 failed, and the conflict soon settled into a stalemate.

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The Last Ironsides: The English Expedition to Portugal, 1662–1668

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with Spain ended twenty-eight years of war. The regent of Spain,

1747:, at the time, Lisbon's main square, but her efforts failed. The 1016:

hypothetical defense of Lisbon, and the garrisons and sea ports.

945:, executed on 1 December 1640, sixty years after the crowning of 2902:, Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, volume 38 1816: 3058: 629: 467: 2313:

Anglo-Dutch capitalism and by the colonial economy in Brazil.

2142:, even though this was a clear violation of their 1661 treaty. 2124:. Less than three weeks later, they were soundly defeated by 1438:. Between 1649 and 1654, about 29 percent (over six million 1255:. That took the form of a dynastic marriage in 1662 between 2721:"Bandeiras, estandartes, e guiões – exército português (3)" 1639:

Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal, Duchess of Mantua

1050:, waged the Restoration War and was acclaimed King John IV. 936:, left Portuguese interests in Asia and Brazil neglected. 1771:: Portugal signed alliances with France (1 June 1641) and 2935:(E-book ed.). Pen and Sword Military. p. 151. 2088:

Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 3rd Count of Castelo Melhor

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who had been united with the Portuguese crown since the

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17th-century military history of the Kingdom of England

964:. They, together with several associates, known as the 2619: 2617: 2604: 2602: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2560: 2558: 2545: 2543: 2340:

Cidade do Nome de Deus, Macau, Não Há Outra Mais Leal

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The war may be considered to have had three periods:

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Ideologia Política e Teoria do Estado na Restauração

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drove the Dutch out of the great plantation colonies

1111:, broke the treaty and abandoned his Portuguese and 3419:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

3396: 3274: 3233: 3093: 1548:They defeated the Spanish in a major engagement at 3454:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown 2190:and Schomberg defeated the Spanish army under the 1911:: The Anglo-Portuguese treaty between John IV and 1240:, when the republican government that had deposed 1161:, Queen Consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 2399:was acting as regent on behalf of her young son, 1519:António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquess of Marialva 1150:Relations between Portugal and the Dutch Republic 1115:allies to sign a separate peace with Madrid. The 3474:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender) 3387:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique 3380:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon 2862:. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 1965:. She began seeking an accommodation with Spain. 1953:(1613–1666), the eldest daughter of the Spanish 1430:was instrumental in leading the Habsburg forces. 949:(Philip II of Spain), the first "dual monarch". 876:as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the 1995:, scored a resounding victory over the Spanish. 861:until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the 23: 2001:: The Spanish besieged the Portuguese town of 1925:: Portuguese troops from the colony of Brazil 1035:). Confrontations with Spain lasted 28 years. 3070: 2976:"A Restauração – Sua Dinâmica Sócio-política" 2900:The English Contingent in Portugal, 1662–1668 2477: 2475: 2473: 1859:withstood a nine-day siege by Spanish troops. 1244:ruled England and then Ireland and Scotland. 641: 479: 8: 3013:Treasure, Geoffrey Russell Richards (1990). 1989:marquis of Marialva, António Luís de Meneses 1316:António Luís de Meneses, Marquis of Marialva 1039:Context: relations among the European powers 2988:Biblioteca Geral da Universidade de Coimbra 2138:: The Dutch ousted the Portuguese from the 2086:: Shortly after Afonso VI's coming-of-age, 1374:. The southern front, where the Portuguese 1335:, marquis of Torrecuso, was stopped at the 137:The Habsburgs relinquish all claims to the 3077: 3063: 3055: 3028:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 2493: 1491:English expedition to Portugal (1662–1668) 1476:During the second stage, the war became a 907:died in 1621, he was succeeded by his son 648: 634: 626: 486: 472: 464: 20: 2883:(E-book ed.). Taylor & Francis. 2805:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 2428: 1665:Philip III & IV of Portugal and Spain 897:Philip II & III of Portugal and Spain 2749: 2683: 2530: 2464: 2452: 2208:, but this marriage would not last long. 2070:party developed at the Portuguese court. 1961:, then reigned as regent for their son, 1587:The five major battles of the war were: 1510:, Philip IV's illegitimate son, invaded 1358:, Queen Consort of Portugal, previously 16:1640–1668 war between Portugal and Spain 3262:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 2761: 2421: 2388: 2180:: Portugal was again victorious at the 1339:by the Portuguese, who were led by the 3530:17th-century military history of Spain 3015:The Making of Modern Europe, 1648–1780 2481: 2270:, acting in the name of her young son 1791:: The Dutch began their occupation of 1757:: A counter-revolution mounted by the 1318:, led victories at the Lines of Elvas. 1224:Relations between Portugal and England 849:in 1668, bringing a formal end to the 2707: 2695: 2671: 2659: 2647: 2635: 2623: 2608: 2593: 2581: 2564: 2549: 2440: 1102:Relations between Portugal and France 7: 3141:Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 2858:Davenport, Frances Gardiner (2012). 2737: 1123:north of the Pyrenees, known as the 984:and also facing a revolution in the 976:, and imprisoned the king's cousin, 909:Philip III of Portugal (IV of Spain) 905:Philip II of Portugal (III of Spain) 97:(27 years, 2 months, 1 week, 6 days) 3494:His Most Faithful Majesty's Council 1975:, Portugal's last colony in Ceylon. 3575:Warfare of the early modern period 3479:Family tree of Portuguese monarchs 2401:Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy 1901:, allied with the Dutch, captured 1833:, the French defeated the Spanish. 1390:, the leading noble of Andalusia. 1055:Relations between France and Spain 95:1 December 1640 – 13 February 1668 14: 3489:Style of the Portuguese sovereign 3464:Pantheon of the House of Braganza 2356:1580 Portuguese succession crisis 1815:: The Dutch took over all of the 1170:were concurrently engaged in the 3224: 3166:Transfer of the Portuguese court 3146:War of the Portuguese Succession 2820:Anderson, James Maxwell (2000). 1701: 1690: 1577:Franco-Portuguese treaty in 1667 1419:Second stage: defensive standoff 447: 435: 423: 411: 399: 381: 369: 357: 345: 333: 321: 309: 297: 272: 252: 236: 217: 204: 41: 3196:Municipal Library Elevator Coup 2367:History of Portugal (1640–1777) 1539:Friedrich Hermann von Schönberg 1525:and the Dutch Revolt. For King 1485:Third stage: Portuguese victory 2982:(in Portuguese). Vol. I. 2120:, took the Portuguese city of 2019:, and they were driven off by 2005:. The town fell on 7 February. 1725:Timeline of Portuguese history 1228:England was then embroiled in 1: 2929:Pinzelli, Eric G. L. (2020). 2841:A concise history of Portugal 1887:: The Dutch were ousted from 1865:: Portuguese troops from the 1247:After the restoration of the 829:), historically known as the 3241:Portuguese House of Burgundy 3022:Wheeler, Douglas L. (1978). 2186:(on 17 June 1665), in which 1984:Battle of the Lines of Elvas 1652:'s reign was managed by the 1598:Battle of the Lines of Elvas 1447:Battle of the Lines of Elvas 988:, which became known as the 888:Events leading to revolution 80:is sworn as King of Portugal 2118:John of Austria the Younger 1935:: Portugal lost control of 1508:John of Austria the Younger 1500:Frederico, Count of Mértola 1142:married a French princess, 67:reaches the Lisbon populace 3593: 3515:Portuguese Restoration War 3171:Liberal Revolution of 1820 3161:Portuguese Restoration War 2974:Torgal, Luís Reis (1981). 2839:Birmingham, David (2003). 2320:, economic adviser to the 2202:Marie Françoise of Nemours 2078:Treaty of The Hague (1661) 2029:: Upon the restoration of 1761:failed. It was quelled by 1722: 1488: 1144:Marie Françoise of Nemours 997:John, 8th Duke of Braganza 872:. The war established the 497:Portuguese Restoration War 24:Portuguese Restoration War 3222: 3211:Royalist attack on Chaves 3206:5 October 1910 revolution 2397:Christine Marie of France 2372:Monument to the Restorers 2174:by Portugal in July 1664. 2157:Battle of Castelo Rodrigo 1855:: The Portuguese city of 1610:Battle of Castelo Rodrigo 1121:Principality of Catalonia 1048:John II, Duke of Braganza 986:Principality of Catalonia 663: 505: 287: 194: 87: 55:and the arresting of the 40: 28: 3570:Portugal–Spain relations 3525:17th century in Portugal 3136:Battle of Alcácer Quibir 2959:. Helion & Company. 2910:McMurdo, Edward (2010). 2779:South China Morning Post 2278:, with the exception of 2126:Sancho Manoel de Vilhena 1993:Sancho Manoel de Vilhena 1394:Attrition and corruption 1386:, was the sister of the 1187:Dutch West India Company 1183:Dutch East India Company 952:The plot was planned by 3550:Wars involving Portugal 3484:Portuguese Crown Jewels 2898:Hardacre, Paul (1960). 2822:The history of Portugal 2188:António Luís de Meneses 2183:Battle of Montes Claros 2021:António Luís de Meneses 1654:Count of Castelo Melhor 1616:Battle of Montes Claros 1333:Carlo Andrea Caracciolo 1062:, the chief adviser to 837:), was the war between 545:2nd Salvatierra de Miño 515:1st Salvatierra de Miño 3560:Wars involving England 3540:17th century in France 3520:17th-century conflicts 3409:Kingdom of the Algarve 3369:Sintra National Palace 3191:31 January 1891 revolt 3131:Battle of Alfarrobeira 3085:Topics related to the 3050:Guerra da Restauração 2300: 2204:, the daughter of the 2013:Treaty of the Pyrenees 1959:Duke of Medina-Sidonia 1871:Salvador Correia de Sá 1829:(19 May 1643), in the 1683: 1667: 1657: 1642: 1517:The Portuguese, under 1503: 1431: 1388:Duke of Medina Sidonia 1363: 1319: 1162: 1117:Treaty of the Pyrenees 1051: 900: 882:1580 succession crisis 826: 288:Commanders and leaders 3565:Wars involving France 3469:Most Faithful Majesty 3339:Rio de Janeiro Palace 3216:Monarchy of the North 3126:Battle of Aljubarrota 2914:. Read Books Design. 2507:"Guerra da Aclamação" 2316:Luís de Meneses, the 2295:Staircase inside the 2294: 2172:Valencia de Alcántara 2056:Catherine of Braganza 1963:Afonso VI of Portugal 1817:Portuguese Gold Coast 1735:Vicereine of Portugal 1674:Prince Regent Pedro, 1673: 1663: 1650:Afonso VI of Portugal 1648: 1637: 1498: 1489:Further information: 1426: 1354: 1341:Matias de Albuquerque 1314: 1265:Catherine of Braganza 1159:Catherine of Braganza 1157: 1140:Afonso VI of Portugal 1046: 974:Miguel de Vasconcelos 895: 827:Guerra da Restauração 600:Valência de Alcântara 328:Afonso VI of Portugal 53:Miguel de Vasconcelos 51:The assassination of 3555:Wars involving Spain 3545:Dutch–Portuguese War 3354:São Cristóvão Palace 3186:Portuguese Civil War 3101:Battle of São Mamede 2377:Restauradores Square 2361:Dutch-Portuguese War 2297:Leal Senado Building 2236:Pedro II of Portugal 2092:escrivão da puridade 1680:Pedro II of Portugal 1307:First stage: battles 1214:Dutch were in revolt 1179:Dutch-Portuguese War 1064:Louis XIII of France 1033:Peter II of Portugal 1011:Preparations for war 930:Dutch–Portuguese War 863:Dutch–Portuguese War 340:Peter II of Portugal 70:Acclamation of King 3459:Council of Portugal 3449:Portuguese nobility 3424:Portuguese Monarchs 3404:Kingdom of Portugal 3334:Quinta da Boa Vista 3319:Necessidades Palace 3116:Manifestis Probatum 3087:Portuguese monarchy 2905:. pp. 112–125. 2877:Glete, Jan (2002). 2824:. Greenwood Press. 2752:, pp. 338–339. 2710:, pp. 134–147. 2686:, pp. 112–125. 2431:, pp. 324–328. 2344:John IV of Portugal 2272:Charles II of Spain 2192:Marquis of Caracena 1807:ousted from Malacca 1783:Treaty of The Hague 1763:Francisco de Lucena 1557:Marquis of Caracena 1462:Peace of Westphalia 1360:Duchess of Braganza 1238:Commonwealth period 1218:Treaty of The Hague 1212:, against whom the 954:Antão Vaz de Almada 857:until 1648 and the 835:Guerra da Aclamação 657:Franco-Spanish wars 454:Marquis of Caracena 352:Marquis of Marialva 304:John IV of Portugal 122:Portuguese victory 72:John IV of Portugal 35:Franco-Spanish Wars 3374:Vila Viçosa Palace 3304:Citadel of Cascais 3156:Forty Conspirators 2797:Ames, Glenn Joseph 2301: 2287:Results of the war 2268:Mariana of Austria 2113:Battle of Ameixial 1684: 1668: 1658: 1643: 1604:Battle of Ameixial 1600:on 14 January 1659 1535:soldier of fortune 1504: 1432: 1364: 1320: 1163: 1127:, and part of the 1076:Philip IV of Spain 1060:Cardinal Richelieu 1052: 970:Secretary of State 966:Forty Conspirators 962:João Pinto Ribeiro 901: 859:Franco-Spanish War 406:Philip IV of Spain 364:Count of Vila Flor 31:Anglo-Spanish Wars 3502: 3501: 3444:Portuguese Cortes 3439:Portuguese Empire 3414:Kingdom of Brazil 3364:Santa Cruz Estate 3267: 3256:House of Braganza 3251:House of Habsburg 3106:Battle of Ourique 2674:, pp. 86–93. 2650:, pp. 27–28. 2318:Count of Ericeira 2276:overseas colonies 2242:to the island of 1971:: The Dutch took 1941:Portuguese Ceylon 1842:Battle of Montijo 1739:Margaret of Savoy 1714:Cross of Burgundy 1708:The Cross of the 1592:Battle of Montijo 1523:English Civil War 1337:Battle of Montijo 1327:Battle of Montijo 1269:Thirty Years' War 1230:its own civil war 1172:Eighty Years' War 982:Thirty Years' War 978:Margaret of Savoy 958:Miguel de Almeida 926:Eighty Years' War 878:House of Habsburg 874:House of Braganza 855:Thirty Years' War 812: 811: 623: 622: 462: 461: 418:Marquis of Carpio 388:Duke of Schomberg 376:Count of Alegrete 263: 248: 229: 190: 189: 139:Portuguese Throne 57:Duchess of Mantua 3582: 3359:São Jorge Castle 3265: 3228: 3111:Treaty of Zamora 3079: 3072: 3065: 3056: 3039: 3018: 3009: 2970: 2946: 2925: 2906: 2894: 2873: 2854: 2835: 2816: 2783: 2782: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2727:. 20 April 2008. 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2612: 2606: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2568: 2562: 2553: 2547: 2538: 2528: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2484:, pp. 69–85 2479: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2404: 2393: 2264:Treaty of Lisbon 2130:Count of Mértola 2102:Count of Mértola 1867:colony of Brazil 1827:Battle of Rocroi 1749:Duke of Bragança 1744:Terreiro do Paço 1705: 1694: 1624:Treaty of Lisbon 1543:Count of Mértola 1347:Scope of the war 1109:Cardinal Mazarin 934:Thirty Years War 847:Treaty of Lisbon 658: 650: 643: 636: 627: 530:Talavera la Real 500: 498: 488: 481: 474: 465: 452: 451: 450: 440: 439: 438: 428: 427: 426: 416: 415: 414: 404: 403: 402: 386: 385: 384: 374: 373: 372: 362: 361: 360: 350: 349: 348: 338: 337: 336: 326: 325: 324: 314: 313: 312: 302: 301: 300: 277: 276: 275: 261: 257: 256: 246: 242: 240: 239: 227: 223: 221: 220: 210: 208: 207: 144:Treaty of Lisbon 132:King of Portugal 89: 88: 78:Duke of Braganza 45: 21: 3592: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3498: 3392: 3344:Ramalhão Palace 3294:Bemposta Palace 3276: 3270: 3229: 3220: 3201:Lisbon Regicide 3089: 3083: 3046: 3036: 3021: 3012: 3006: 2973: 2967: 2951:Riley, Jonathon 2949: 2943: 2928: 2922: 2909: 2897: 2891: 2876: 2870: 2857: 2851: 2838: 2832: 2819: 2813: 2795: 2792: 2787: 2786: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2748: 2744: 2736: 2732: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2634: 2630: 2622: 2615: 2607: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2571: 2563: 2556: 2548: 2541: 2529: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2494:Birmingham 2003 2492: 2488: 2480: 2471: 2463: 2459: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2352: 2289: 2206:Duke of Nemours 1951:Luisa de Guzman 1913:Oliver Cromwell 1805:: Portugal was 1727: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1710:Order of Christ 1706: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1632: 1618:on 17 June 1665 1585: 1493: 1487: 1474: 1428:John of Austria 1421: 1396: 1384:Luisa de Guzmán 1356:Luisa de Guzmán 1349: 1329: 1309: 1277: 1226: 1152: 1133:French Cerdagne 1104: 1057: 1041: 1013: 890: 870:Acclamation War 831:Acclamation War 819:Restoration War 815: 814: 813: 808: 659: 656: 654: 624: 619: 605:Castelo Rodrigo 501: 496: 494: 492: 458: 448: 446: 436: 434: 430:John of Austria 424: 422: 412: 410: 400: 398: 392: 382: 380: 370: 368: 358: 356: 346: 344: 334: 332: 322: 320: 316:Luisa de Guzmán 310: 308: 298: 296: 283: 273: 271: 251: 237: 235: 232: 218: 216: 205: 203: 175: 160: 126:Acclamation of 113: 96: 83: 46: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3578: 3577: 3572: 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2855: 2850:978-0521536868 2849: 2836: 2830: 2817: 2811: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2766: 2754: 2742: 2730: 2712: 2700: 2698:, p. xix. 2688: 2676: 2664: 2652: 2640: 2628: 2613: 2598: 2586: 2569: 2554: 2539: 2523: 2498: 2486: 2469: 2467:, p. 131. 2457: 2455:, p. 151. 2445: 2443:, p. 176. 2433: 2429:Davenport 2012 2420: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2358: 2351: 2348: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2257: 2251: 2225: 2219: 2209: 2195: 2175: 2165: 2149: 2143: 2133: 2105: 2095: 2081: 2071: 2041: 2035: 2024: 2006: 1996: 1976: 1966: 1944: 1930: 1920: 1915:was signed at 1906: 1899:Sultan of Oman 1892: 1882: 1860: 1850: 1834: 1820: 1810: 1800: 1786: 1776: 1775:(August 1641). 1766: 1752: 1723:Main article: 1707: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1678:, future King 1631: 1628: 1620: 1619: 1613: 1612:on 7 July 1664 1607: 1606:on 8 June 1663 1601: 1595: 1594:on 26 May 1644 1584: 1583:Recapitulation 1581: 1531:New Model Army 1486: 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3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3151:Iberian Union 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3075: 3073: 3068: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2927: 2923: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2871: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2843:. Publisher. 2842: 2837: 2833: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2750:Treasure 1990 2746: 2743: 2740:, p. 24. 2739: 2734: 2731: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2684:Hardacre 1960 2680: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2662:, p. 74. 2661: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2638:, p. 28. 2637: 2632: 2629: 2626:, p. 30. 2625: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2611:, p. 29. 2610: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2596:, p. 36. 2595: 2590: 2587: 2584:, p. 31. 2583: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2567:, p. 27. 2566: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2552:, p. 24. 2551: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2531:Treasure 1990 2527: 2524: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2496:, p. 51. 2495: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2465:Anderson 2000 2461: 2458: 2454: 2453:Pinzelli 2020 2449: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2415: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2322:prince regent 2319: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2162:Duke of Osuna 2159: 2158: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2140:Malabar coast 2137: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1943:to the Dutch. 1942: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879:retook Luanda 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1809:by the Dutch. 1808: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1693: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1666: 1662: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1640: 1636: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1568:Montes Claros 1564: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1326: 1324: 1317: 1313: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1280:hostilities. 1274: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1084:Franche-Comté 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1017: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 968:, killed the 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 948: 944: 943: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 918: 916: 915: 910: 906: 898: 894: 887: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 852: 851:Iberian Union 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 805: 802: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 784: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 737: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 670: 669: 666: 665: 662: 651: 646: 644: 639: 637: 632: 631: 628: 616: 613: 611: 610:Montes Claros 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 507: 504: 499: 489: 484: 482: 477: 475: 470: 469: 466: 455: 445: 443: 442:Duke of Osuna 433: 431: 421: 419: 409: 407: 397: 396: 394: 389: 379: 377: 367: 365: 355: 353: 343: 341: 331: 329: 319: 317: 307: 305: 295: 294: 292: 291: 286: 280: 270: 269: 267: 260: 255: 250: 245: 234: 233: 226: 215: 213: 202: 201: 199: 198: 193: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 163: 158: 157: 152: 151:Iberian Union 148: 145: 142: 140: 136: 133: 129: 125: 124: 123: 120: 117: 116: 112: 108: 104: 101: 100: 94: 91: 90: 86: 79: 75: 73: 69: 66: 65: 60: 58: 54: 50: 49: 44: 39: 36: 32: 27: 22: 3434:Sebastianism 3385: 3378: 3314:Mafra Palace 3309:Évora Palace 3289:Belém Palace 3284:Ajuda Palace 3260: 3234:Royal houses 3181:April Revolt 3176:Vilafrancada 3160: 3094:Major events 3024: 3017:. Routledge. 3014: 2979: 2955: 2931: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2879: 2859: 2840: 2821: 2801: 2769: 2764:, p. 6. 2762:Wheeler 1978 2757: 2745: 2733: 2724: 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2667: 2655: 2643: 2631: 2589: 2526: 2514:. Retrieved 2510: 2501: 2489: 2460: 2448: 2436: 2424: 2391: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2321: 2315: 2306: 2302: 2259: 2253: 2227: 2221: 2211: 2197: 2181: 2177: 2167: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2135: 2111: 2107: 2097: 2091: 2083: 2073: 2066:party and a 2060:drinking tea 2043: 2037: 2026: 2008: 1998: 1982: 1978: 1968: 1946: 1932: 1922: 1908: 1894: 1884: 1862: 1852: 1840: 1836: 1822: 1819:(now Ghana). 1812: 1802: 1788: 1778: 1768: 1754: 1742: 1730: 1676:Duke of Beja 1621: 1586: 1573: 1565: 1559:, took over 1554: 1547: 1516: 1505: 1475: 1466: 1455: 1452: 1444: 1433: 1412:depredations 1405: 1400: 1397: 1370:and Spanish 1365: 1330: 1321: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1246: 1227: 1200:(1649), and 1191: 1176: 1164: 1137: 1105: 1092: 1058: 1026: 1018: 1014: 1005: 994: 990:Reapers' War 951: 940: 938: 919: 913: 902: 869: 867: 865:until 1663. 834: 830: 818: 816: 744: 668:Italian Wars 495: 195:Belligerents 121: 62: 61:News of the 3324:Pena Palace 2482:Torgal 1981 2363:, 1602–1663 2068:francophile 2023:once again. 1973:Jaffnapatam 1917:Westminster 1759:Inquisition 1561:Vila Viçosa 1457:realpolitik 1408:Extremadura 1372:Extremadura 1263:'s sister, 942:bourgeoisie 924:during the 580:2nd Badajoz 560:1st Badajoz 262:(1641–1648) 247:(1662–1668) 228:(1641–1659) 159:Territorial 149:End of the 130:as the new 64:coup d'état 3509:Categories 3277:residences 3266:(disputed) 2831:0313311064 2812:9053563822 2708:Riley 2014 2696:Riley 2014 2672:Riley 2014 2660:Riley 2014 2648:Riley 2014 2636:Riley 2014 2624:Riley 2014 2609:Riley 2014 2594:Riley 2014 2582:Riley 2014 2565:Riley 2014 2550:Riley 2014 2533:, p. 2441:Glete 2002 2411:References 2395:In Savoy, 2064:anglophile 2031:Charles II 1873:landed in 1527:Charles II 1472:Atrocities 1257:Charles II 1125:Roussillon 823:Portuguese 510:São Filipe 181:Hermisende 3429:Miguelism 2996:10316/665 2738:Ames 2000 2511:Infopédia 2416:Citations 2346:in 1654. 2232:Afonso VI 1825:: At the 1626:in 1668. 1401:correrias 1380:Andalusia 1261:Afonso VI 1242:Charles I 1220:in 1661. 1210:Habsburgs 1029:Afonso VI 792:1808–1814 787:1793–1795 777:1718–1720 772:1688–1697 767:1683–1684 762:1673–1678 757:1667–1668 750:1648–1653 745:1641–1659 740:1640–1659 735:1635–1659 730:1628–1631 720:1595–1598 715:1580–1583 708:1551–1559 703:1542–1544 698:1536–1538 693:1526–1529 688:1521–1526 683:1512–1516 678:1502–1504 673:1495–1498 615:Berlengas 595:2nd Évora 585:Arronches 570:2nd Elvas 565:1st Évora 525:1st Elvas 2953:(2014). 2799:(2000). 2516:22 April 2350:See also 2310:entrepôt 2244:Terceira 1889:São Tomé 1831:Ardennes 1793:São Tomé 1712:and the 1630:Timeline 1550:Ameixial 1512:Alentejo 1478:frontier 1464:(1648). 1436:Flanders 1368:Alentejo 1198:São Tomé 1196:(1648), 1185:and the 1129:Cerdanya 1095:arquebus 1082:and the 1080:Flanders 1072:Pyrenees 947:Philip I 839:Portugal 590:Ameixial 550:Olivença 535:Vilanova 212:Portugal 177:Portugal 165:Portugal 107:Portugal 102:Location 29:Part of 2984:Coimbra 2790:Sources 2326:Covilhã 2246:in the 2230:: King 2216:Galicia 2052:Tangier 1955:grandee 1937:Colombo 1897:: The 1847:Badajoz 1797:Ano Bom 1795:and of 1460:of the 1376:Algarve 1234:English 1206:Setúbal 1113:Catalan 520:Montijo 244:England 161:changes 128:John IV 3032: 3002: 2963: 2939: 2918: 2887: 2866: 2847: 2828: 2809: 2262:: The 2248:Azores 2154:: The 2110:: The 2048:Bombay 2011:: The 2003:Monção 1991:, and 1981:: The 1957:, the 1903:Muscat 1875:Angola 1869:under 1839:: The 1773:Sweden 1440:ducats 1294:second 1202:Brazil 1194:Angola 1068:France 914:Cortes 575:Monção 555:Mourão 540:Lapela 241: 225:France 222: 209: 179:cedes 167:cedes 146:(1668) 134:(1640) 118:Result 3275:Royal 2383:Notes 2336:Macau 2280:Ceuta 2240:exile 2122:Évora 2017:Elvas 1857:Elvas 1845:near 1300:third 1288:first 1088:Savoy 1001:Évora 903:When 843:Spain 279:Spain 185:Spain 173:Spain 169:Ceuta 111:Spain 3030:ISBN 3000:ISBN 2961:ISBN 2937:ISBN 2916:ISBN 2885:ISBN 2864:ISBN 2845:ISBN 2826:ISBN 2807:ISBN 2518:2024 2260:1668 2254:1667 2228:1667 2222:1667 2212:1666 2198:1666 2178:1665 2168:1664 2152:1664 2146:1663 2136:1663 2128:and 2108:1663 2098:1662 2084:1662 2074:1661 2050:and 2044:1661 2038:1660 2027:1660 2009:1659 1999:1659 1979:1659 1969:1658 1947:1656 1933:1656 1923:1654 1909:1654 1895:1650 1885:1649 1863:1648 1853:1644 1837:1644 1823:1643 1813:1642 1803:1641 1789:1641 1779:1641 1769:1641 1755:1641 1731:1640 1259:and 1177:The 960:and 841:and 817:The 804:1823 797:1815 725:1625 109:and 92:Date 76:The 33:and 2992:hdl 2535:337 1939:in 1275:War 183:to 171:to 3511:: 2998:. 2990:. 2986:: 2978:. 2777:. 2723:. 2616:^ 2601:^ 2572:^ 2557:^ 2542:^ 2509:. 2472:^ 2046:: 1877:, 1737:, 1541:, 1537:, 1146:. 1090:. 1074:, 1003:. 992:. 972:, 956:, 884:. 825:: 3078:e 3071:t 3064:v 3038:. 3008:. 2994:: 2969:. 2945:. 2924:. 2893:. 2872:. 2853:. 2834:. 2815:. 2781:. 2537:. 2520:. 2403:. 2164:. 2132:. 2080:. 1891:. 1682:. 1656:. 1641:. 1362:. 1131:( 899:. 833:( 821:( 649:e 642:t 635:v 487:e 480:t 473:v

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