401:
237:
38:
579:
in front, on which stood the lighthouse, with an entrance on each side of it. Trial soundings made in 1907 showed that the course of the right-hand mole is represented by a low sand-hill, while the central breakwater was only some 170 m long, and probably divided from each of the two moles by a
583:
The existence of two entrances is in accordance with the evidence of coins and literary tradition, although the position of that on the left is not certain, and it may have been closed in later times. The whole course of the left-hand mole has not yet been traced, but it seems to have protected not
574:
The site can still be fairly clearly traced in the low ground to the east of
Fiumicino. The lighthouse is represented on coins, mosaics, bas-reliefs such as the Torlonia Harbor Relief. The harbour is generally supposed to have been protected by two moles with a
611:
The division between the ancient settlement and the medieval Porto began in the 4th century AD, when
Constantine had a line of walls built. Ostia, just opposite on the left bank of the Tiber, was increasingly depopulated after
416:
basin enclosing an area of 39 hectares (97 acres). It communicated by canals with the harbour of
Claudius, with the Tiber directly, and with the sea, the last now forming the navigable arm of the Tiber, reopened for traffic by
654:
As part of Parco
Archeologico di Ostia Antica the remains of Porto are open every Thursday, the first and the third Sunday of the month from 9:30 to 13:30, and upon request and advance booking at other times.
479:. It connected Portus with Ostia. It connected to the Fosse Traiana and pointed south. For some 400 years, from the late second century AD into the fifth and sixth centuries, this 100-
595:
made plans of the harbour. Considerable excavations were carried out in 1868, but with the idea of recovering works of art and antiquities. The plan and description given by
495:
By means of these works Portus captured the main share of the harbour traffic of Rome. Though the importance of Ostia did not immediately decrease, Portus was already an
935:
340:
The goal was to obtain protection from the prevalent southwest wind, to which the river mouth was exposed. Though
Claudius, in the inscription which he erected in
882:
973:
400:
832:
993:
955:
772:
471:
In 2010, "one of the biggest canals ever built by the Romans" was discovered in Portus, in an ancient port increasingly being seen as important as
983:
866:
620:
attacks. Porto was the main port on the
Tyrrhenian Sea until the 6th century AD. Later it decayed, but maintained some importance as the
978:
530:, and the episcopal palace, fortified in the Middle Ages, and containing a number of ancient inscriptions from the site. On the island
625:
256:
199:
360:
gave the harbour the name of "Portus
Augusti". It was probably Claudius who constructed the new direct road from Rome to Portus, the
68:
998:
906:
1008:
737:
317:, in the centre of the space between them. The foundation of this lighthouse was provided by filling one of the massive
546:
at the mouth of the right arm of the Tiber, which is 34 km (21 mi) west-southwest by rail from Rome. It is a
236:
942:
538:, built on the site of a Roman building, with a picturesque medieval campanile (13th century ?), as well as the
784:
244:, circa 64: ships in Claudius's harbour. On the upper part, the lighthouse. On the lower part, Tiber with a dolphin
664:
429:, though its origin is undoubtedly due to Claudius. The basin itself is still preserved, and is now a reedy
20:
437:, remains of which may still be seen: the fineness of the brickwork of which they are built is remarkable.
1003:
633:
576:
539:
24:
42:
The mouth of the Tiber, with the hexagonal harbour of Portus at upper middle (modern day "Lago
Traiano").
629:
500:
380:, ran along the foot of the hills, following the right bank of the Tiber. It passed the grove of the
366:, which was 24 km (15 mi) long. The Via Portuensis ran over the hills as far as the modern
334:
306:
988:
876:
330:
587:
Many other remains of buildings exist. They were more easily traceable in the 16th century when
333:. The harbour opened directly to the sea on the northwest and communicated with the Tiber by a
929:
862:
632:, which are still in existence, and reserved for the members of the highest order of Catholic
310:
596:
896:
651:
The remains of Porto are today included administratively in the municipality of
Fiumicino.
584:
only the south-west but also a considerable portion of the north-west side of the harbour.
279:
before reaching the
Tyrrhenian, with Ostia situated on the larger southern stream. Emperor
669:
637:
592:
551:
518:, which restored to Ostia what little traffic was left. To the west of the harbour is the
503:'s time not very long, if at all, after Ostia, and as the only harbour in the time of the
205:
The archaeological remains of Portus are near the modern-day village of Porto within the
381:
362:
268:
187:
116:
822:
967:
827:
621:
588:
496:
367:
318:
37:
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of ancient Rome for more than 500 years and provided a conduit for everything from
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326:
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175:
130:
120:
675:
531:
515:
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376:
341:
260:
179:
950:
550:, or portion of the commune of Rome. 5 km (3 mi) to the north is the
681:
641:
476:
389:
345:
314:
241:
640:, so the prelates of these otherwise insignificant Roman suburbs outrank all
83:
70:
645:
559:
543:
527:
519:
465:
434:
212:
404:
Portus: Claudius' first harbour and hexagonal basin extension under Trajan.
913:
558:, now reclaimed and traversed by many drainage canals, between there and
547:
472:
449:
280:
191:
836:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 169.
617:
511:
413:
349:
322:
298:
171:
613:
461:
453:
430:
422:
409:
272:
207:
195:
912:
Quilici, L., S. Quilici Gigli, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies.
484:
457:
445:
399:
371:
353:
264:
235:
216:
183:
487:) canal was used to ship goods from all over the Empire to Rome.
344:
46, stated that he had freed the city of Rome from the danger of
480:
441:
357:
302:
276:
252:
220:
901:
542:. 3.2 km (2 mi) to the west is the modern village of
603:, 1868, 144 sqq.) were made under unfavourable circumstances.
850:
Portus: An Archaeological Survey of the Port of Imperial Rome
821:
283:
constructed the first harbour on the Portus site, 4 km (
628:. Ostia and Porto both were chosen to be amongst the seven
356:
ships sinking within the harbour during a violent storm.
859:
Il parco archeologico naturalistico del Porto di Traiano
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
951:
Model of Portus in the Museo della Via Ostiense, Rome
742:
of Claudius and Trajan on Fiumicino municipal website
775:, London Telegraph, 2010-07-11, accessed 2010-08-03.
624:which, from 313, was made independent from that in
348:, his work was only partially successful: in AD 62
297: mi) north of Ostia, enclosing an area of 250
157:
149:
141:
136:
126:
112:
107:
99:
62:
54:
392:on the right bank from which it derived its name.
773:'Biggest canal ever built by Romans' discovered
412:constructed another harbour farther inland — a
526:, 10th century, but modernized except for the
8:
934:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
768:
766:
30:
881:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
464:and shipped to Rome for spectacles in the
36:
29:
16:A large artificial harbour of Ancient Rome
799:. Rome: Newton Compton. pp. 973–974.
514:up of the right arm of the Tiber in the
693:
510:Its abandonment dates from the partial
927:
874:
785:Southampton University: Portus project
554:by which the lowland, formerly called
753:
719:
7:
974:1st-century establishments in Italy
730:
728:
14:
433:. It was surrounded by extensive
198:to supplement the nearby port of
994:Former populated places in Italy
943:Information and images of Portus
309:projecting into the sea, and an
902:Portus Project official website
806:Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte
534:just opposite is the church of
370:, and then straight across the
425:. The new canal bore the name
49:Click on the map to see marker
1:
984:Archaeological sites in Lazio
897:Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina
271:. The Tiber splits into two
1025:
979:Ancient ports and harbours
460:to wild animals caught in
386:Campus salinarum romanarum
384:at the sixth mile, to the
18:
914:"Places: 423012 (Portus)"
852:. British School at Rome.
795:Rendina, Claudio (2000).
580:channel 135 m wide.
305:), with two long curving
47:
35:
607:Medieval and modern town
325:from Egypt to adorn the
275:at its mouth, roughly 1
190:. It was established by
833:Encyclopædia Britannica
321:, used to transport an
170:was a large artificial
153:Guido Calza; Simon Keay
21:Portus (disambiguation)
999:Roman harbors in Italy
907:1573 woodcut of Portus
820:Ashby, Thomas (1911).
630:suburbicarian dioceses
540:Isola Sacra Necropolis
405:
352:speaks of a number of
245:
25:Porto (disambiguation)
857:Mannucci, V. (1992).
756:, p. 169) cites
665:Caligula's Giant Ship
564:Bonifica di Maccarese
403:
374:. An older road, the
239:
142:Excavation dates
1009:Roman sites in Lazio
848:Keay, S. J. (2006).
797:Enciclopedia di Roma
601:Annali del institute
440:Portus was the main
219:, just southwest of
19:For other uses, see
956:visitor information
758:Notizie degli Scavi
556:Stagno di Maccarese
80: /
32:
406:
337:on the southeast.
331:Circus of Caligula
246:
158:Public access
868:978-88-7448-645-8
311:artificial island
165:
164:
84:41.779°N 12.259°E
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638:Cardinal Bishops
597:Rodolfo Lanciani
562:is kept drained
491:Effects on Ostia
296:
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194:and enlarged by
103:Settlement, Port
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842:Further reading
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670:History of Rome
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593:Antonio Labacco
572:
570:Current remains
552:pumping station
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259:located at the
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178:located at the
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891:External links
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828:Chisholm, Hugh
823:"Portus"
816:
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760:, 1888, p. 228
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396:Trajanic phase
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382:Arval Brothers
363:Via Portuensis
269:Tyrrhenian Sea
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232:Claudian phase
230:
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227:Ancient Portus
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188:Tyrrhenian Sea
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150:Archaeologists
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1004:Roman harbors
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622:episcopal see
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589:Pirro Ligorio
585:
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497:episcopal see
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427:Fossa trajana
424:
421:and again by
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369:
368:Ponte Galeria
365:
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319:obelisk ships
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959:(in Italian)
946:(in Italian)
918:. Retrieved
858:
849:
831:
808:(in German).
805:
804:Westermann.
796:
780:
757:
748:
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735:(in Italian)
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653:
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524:Saint Rufina
523:
509:
494:
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419:Gregory XIII
407:
385:
375:
361:
339:
313:, bearing a
251:'s original
249:Ancient Rome
247:
206:
204:
176:Ancient Rome
167:
166:
131:Ancient Rome
121:Roman Empire
814:Attribution
676:Isola Sacra
644:, even the
642:archbishops
536:S. Ippolito
532:Isola Sacra
516:Middle Ages
505:Gothic wars
501:Constantine
408:In AD 103,
377:Via Campana
87: /
63:Coordinates
968:Categories
916:. Pleiades
754:Ashby 1911
720:Ashby 1911
688:References
682:Roman navy
646:patriarchs
577:breakwater
483:-wide (90
477:Alexandria
435:warehouses
346:inundation
315:lighthouse
242:sestertius
137:Site notes
75:12°15′32″E
72:41°46′44″N
989:Fiumicino
877:cite book
634:Cardinals
560:Maccarese
544:Fiumicino
528:campanile
520:cathedral
466:Colosseum
414:hexagonal
390:saltmarsh
213:Fiumicino
930:cite web
920:March 8,
861:. Rome.
659:See also
548:frazione
473:Carthage
450:ceramics
299:hectares
281:Claudius
192:Claudius
127:Cultures
830:(ed.).
618:Saracen
512:silting
350:Tacitus
335:channel
329:of the
323:obelisk
292:⁄
273:streams
267:on the
263:of the
240:Nero's
186:on the
182:of the
172:harbour
113:Periods
108:History
865:
636:, the
614:Vandal
462:Africa
458:slaves
454:marble
431:lagoon
423:Paul V
410:Trajan
388:, the
208:comune
196:Trajan
168:Portus
55:Region
31:Portus
826:. In
740:Porto
626:Ostia
485:meter
446:glass
372:plain
354:grain
327:spina
307:moles
303:acres
301:(617
265:Tiber
261:mouth
257:Ostia
217:Lazio
200:Ostia
184:Tiber
180:mouth
58:Lazio
936:link
922:2012
883:link
863:ISBN
738:The
616:and
591:and
481:yard
456:and
442:port
358:Nero
277:mile
255:was
253:port
221:Rome
100:Type
23:and
522:of
499:in
475:or
211:of
174:of
161:Yes
145:yes
970::
932:}}
928:{{
879:}}
875:{{
765:^
727:^
696:^
648:.
566:.
507:.
468:.
452:,
448:,
342:AD
223:.
215:,
202:.
938:)
924:.
885:)
871:.
752:(
599:(
294:2
290:1
287:+
285:2
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
