Portrayal of women in American comics

2247:, a public hearing was held to determine if juvenile delinquency and comic books were linked. Wertham had specifically attacked the portrayal of many comic book women, stating: "They are not homemakers. They do not bring up a family. Mother-love is entirely absent... Even when Wonder Woman adopts a girl there are Lesbian overtones". Comic books were deemed to be a threat to the standards of American decency, and instead of undergoing government regulation, the Comics Magazine Association of America agreed to create and adhere to its own code of self-censorship. The code explicitly censors violence, sexuality and "abnormal" romance for the implicit purpose of "emphasiz the value of the home and the sanctity of marriage" and a reenforcement of traditional gender roles. 2661:. Most female heroines in comic books were merely supporting characters; for example, the Wasp and the Invisible Girl were both introduced as team characters, fighting alongside male superheroes, and Batgirl and Catwoman both debuted as supporting characters in the Batman comics. Wonder Woman is the only female heroine studied who earned her own comic book title. It has been debated whether the perceived lack of female readership was due to male writers being uncomfortable with writing about or for women, or whether the comic book industry is male dominated due to actual lack of women's interest in comics. Primary readership continues to be white males which might relate to the still "overrepresentation of white men" (79% of characters as of 2015) in comic books. 2950: 2204:

symbolically, from man-made bondage, but he also upheld some ideals of submission to "peace, restraint and good judgement". One issue dealt with Wonder Woman losing control because her bracelets had broken; she was driven mad because the bracelets represented restraint, and stated "power without self-control tears a girl to pieces". Under the control of other writers Wonder Woman often fell into more conventional female positions. After a survey was conducted among Justice Society Readers, Wonder Woman was admitted to the organization in

2454:). The first couple of issues of her self-titled comic book even included the cover line "This Female Fights Back!" The reality, however, was decidedly mixed. The controversial Ms. Marvel rape was handled poorly by Marvel Comics: Ms. Marvel was the victim of a man's attempt to escape from Limbo, and gave birth to the child of the man that raped her; her teammates were confused as to why she would not want the child, and she subsequently fell in love with him and moved into Limbo with him. Chris Claremont, a writer most famous for the 1915: 2216:. Under his direction Wonder Woman's physical prowess declined. She was no longer depicted in chains, she became more and more submissive, and her priorities shifted to be more conventional for her gender role. Between crime fighting, Diana Prince engaged in more feminine jobs as a babysitter, fashion model, or movie star and in her classic job as Steve Trevor's secretary, with a new dedication to marrying him. A new form of bondage that Wonder Woman craved was the mantle of wife and mother. In one 44: 2731:

broader shoulders and chests. Female characters developed larger breasts and rears, very thin waists, longer legs, large lips, and more revealing costumes. While male characters generally had a variety of poses, females often were drawn in suggestive poses that further accentuated their breasts and rears. Female characters that were deemed to represent feminist views were also portrayed in a sexualized manner. For example, when Black Widow was first introduced in the 1964 comic,

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more women in society were taking on predominantly male professions and advocating for social rights. In the 1970s, female characters in comics and other mainstream media were sometimes depicted as "playing with the boys" and taking more traditionally male-dominated roles, though they still tended to be cast as love interests or to take maternal roles. Prominent superheroines that were introduced during this period in comics were Spider-Woman, Ms. Marvel, the Cat, and Valkyrie.

2030: 2969:. Though Chavez is claimed to be a Puerto Rican, she has no actual biological roots to Latin America. She grew up in a Utopian Parallel, a reality that is out of time and in the presence of the being known as the Demiurge, and had two mothers. What is most notable about Chavez' character is that although she is illustrated as the conventional beautiful and young female superhero, she is also given masculine characteristics, including super strength and marksmanship. 2853: 2583:. While there were many examples of strong female characters getting their own titles it was not uncommon that sex was used to sell comics as well. In the 21st century, the roles of many women have changed. Roles and choices such as single parenting, same-sex relationships, and positions of power in the workplace have come to define many women in modern society. These roles have found their way into the comic books of the 21st century as well. 2501:, who at age 13 became the youngest member of the X-Men. In the 1980s, the X-Men met with the Morlock tribe, who kidnapped Kitty Pryde and forced her to marry one of their own. When Kitty escapes, she meets with a Japanese Sorcerer who uses mind control on her and she escapes from him as well, but changed greatly. Much credit for the "turnaround" of portrayals of female super-heroes that happened in the 1970s could be given to X-Men writer 2712:

wrong" or as individuals that "read comics wrong". This led to a cyclical pattern of hostility towards females in the comic book audience. Author Douglas Wolk states: "I remember seeing a Marvel sales plan, sometime in the early '90s--a huge document, several hundred pages long; near the back, a little section labeled "Female Readers" listed the two titles Marvel published for half of their potential audience: Barbie and Barbie Fashion".

6484: 2494:, new code-names, flashier costumes, and strong, confident, assertive personalities: Jean Grey went from being Marvel Girl to the nigh-omnipotent Phoenix, and Lorna Dane became Polaris. New creation Storm (Ororo Munroe) was unique in many ways: not only was she (at the time) the most famous black superhero in history, she was portrayed as incredibly powerful, confident and capable from her very first appearance. 2634:

characteristics reflecting traditional definitions of womanhood. There is a habit amongst cartoonists when they characterize their animals as females. Around the 1980s was when the oversexualization of both males and females rose. Males became even taller, muscular, and smarter. Females, too, became taller, but only in the legs. Their breast proportions became exaggerated, as well as their waists.

3055: 3043: 1981: 1742: 2345:, who preceded her by 15 years as a superheroine on a motorcycle, Batwoman used weapons as well, although hers included powder puffs, charm bracelets, perfume, a hair net, a compact mirror, and a shoulder bag utility case with matching bolo strap. Batwoman was created to be a romantic interest for Batman to invalidate the growing idea of a homosexual relationship between Batman and Robin. 6473: 6461: 3031: 6494: 2042: 2271:, DC Comics implemented its own in-house Editorial Policy Code regarding the portrayal of women, which stated: "The inclusion of females in stories is specifically discouraged. Women, when used in plot structure, should be secondary in importance, and should be drawn realistically, without exaggeration of feminine physical qualities". Most of DC's 2054: 1844: 2505:: his portrayals of Storm, Jean Grey, Emma Frost, Kitty Pryde, Rogue and Psylocke in The Uncanny X-Men (as well as his work on Ms. Marvel, Spider-Woman, Misty Knight and Coleen Wing) became known in the industry and amongst fandom as "Claremont Women": smart, powerful, capable, multi-faceted women super heroes. 3010:

The panel spoke about how ingrained a lot of these false gender-based ideas have become thanks to decades of unchallenged existence. "A metaphor I use a lot is it's like working in a bell factory.... If you work in the bell factory long enough you stop hearing the bells. I think super hero comics has

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fighting along well-known superheroes. Marisol Rios De La Luz, aka La Borinqueña, is an Afro-Boricua Earth and Environmentalist college student that later discovers her powers and abilities to fly, dive, use super strength, and control storms. 100% of the proceeds contribute to the reconstruction and

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which, in 2014, "included noted comic book journalists, editors, writers and behind-the-scenes figures all currently working to further awareness of the gender issues within the comic book industry". One of the panelists, Laura Hudson, said this in regards to gender roles in comics and the criticism

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The earliest Latino superheroes were The Cisco Kid and Zorro, who were introduced in short comic stories in the early 1900s. Latino roles in comics are often as side-characters that are of little importance to the plot. An exception was done in 1942, when Señorita Rio (Ritta Farrar) became the first

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works, where there is a lot more female representation. The independent comics industry, whose products are often referred to as indies, have become a huge source of authentically represented females in comics. More women than ever before are becoming comic book artists and writers, and many of them

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The enforcement of gender roles within comics continued well past the 1950s. The roles of women in comics during the 1960s and 70s shifted to become more diverse and began to extend past traditional roles as a result of the civil rights movement, second wave feminism, and the sexual revolution, when

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Prior to the Silver age of comics, comic books of all genres were available, including romance, adventure, crime, science fiction and many others. This began to change in the late 1950s and continued into the 80s, and as the superhero genre grew, others shrunk. This also began the marginalization of

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costume. The statuette has received criticism for MJ's ostensibly highly sexualized and objectifying pose. Harley Quinn of DC Comics is most famously known for her torrid love affair with the Joker and her sex appeal to the male audience. Even if a female character is not sexualized, there are still

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era, there still continues to be a lack of them in comic books. When African-American women are represented in comic books, they are often not fully human, like Storm, and are given stereotyped features and powers. Oftentimes, black comic book characters are stereotyped with ghetto characteristics.

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In the 1980s there was a shift in the way comics were written; instead of treating each issue of a comic as if it were the reader's first issue, or an "on ramp", as it had been done previously, comics began to be written in a way that demanded continuous readership from the beginning of a series in

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imagery. If Wonder Woman's bracelets were chained together, she became as weak as any other woman. According to Marston this imagery of bondage was a reflection of the suffrage movement's use of bondage as well. He insisted it was important that she could be seen freeing herself, both literally and

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female characters in mainstream comics is part of the reason that independent comics have become so popular among women; independent artists, regardless of gender, tend to draw both male and female characters in a similar style. When those characters do have noticeable sex characteristics, such as

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ost of pulp-style action stories either starred or featured strong, beautiful, competent heroines. They were war nurses, aviatrixes, girl detectives, counterspies, and animal skin-clad jungle queens, and they were in command. Guns blazing, daggers unsheathed, sword in hand, they leaped across the

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Characterizations of women as sex objects has declined in recent decades, and depictions of women as victims of physical brutality have significantly decreased over the past 20 years. Additionally, recent comics indicate a possible reversal of the trend of portraying characters according to rigid

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published by Marvel and DC were different enough that if someone liked one, they were liable not to like the other. If they wanted the classic feel of the original 1940s superheroes, they would prefer DC offerings. If they wanted fast action mixed with the emotional angst reflecting a world where

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During World War II, women assumed jobs formerly occupied by men, becoming truck drivers, stevedores, and welders. The same was reflected into the comic books, as heroes such as Hawkman needed help and turned to their wives or girlfriends, creating a new form of heroines: the partners. Many women

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In addition to historical censorship, the male domination of comic book culture has been self-perpetuating. The view that comic book reading was a hobby strictly for males created a hostile environment for the female comic book reader. Women that read comics were often viewed as "doing womanhood

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of female characters as well as benevolent sexism. Male creators did not focus on what women wanted to read about, and therefore did not try very hard to include female stories. Although many female superheroes were created and featured in comics, very few starred in their own series or achieved

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Although female characters would develop and become cornerstones of the Marvel Universe, their early treatment would show a struggle to be recognized as equals. Supergirl of DC Comics went through such a struggle as she fights against the title of "Superman's kid cousin" to earn her own title as

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Not even girls want to be girls so long as our feminine archetype lacks force, strength, and power. Not wanting to be girls, they don't want to be tender, submissive, peace-loving as good women are. Women's strong qualities have become despised because of their weakness. The obvious remedy is to

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The portrayal of women in comics is still highly contested. Despite the more realistic portrayal of women in independent comics, the mainstream comic book industry still sometimes struggles with portraying women realistically. There continues to be a difference in the way female superheroes are

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title DC reinvented Batwoman from a casual sidekick in need of saving to an independent lesbian superheroine. This version fights back against female stereotypes, and lacks the traditional female superhero physique. Her body sports more muscles and less chest and hip padding. She also lacks the

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has often been the subject of controversy since the medium's beginning. Critics have noted the roles of women as both supporting characters and lead characters are substantially more subjected to gender stereotypes, with femininity and/or sexual characteristics having a larger presence in their

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During the late 1980s, comics had undergone a stylistic shift in terms of character proportions. The sexual characteristics of comic book characters became more exaggerated, which affected both male and female characters. Male characters were typically drawn with bigger muscles, smaller heads,

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stopped hearing the bells for a long time, but now you have other people coming in from the outside and very apparent. Having the Internet, having these other perspectives that are suddenly in front of us and are not subject to gatekeepers and are far more able to be heard exposes a lot of ".

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There is a historical context for the lack of female representation in comics. In 1954, the comics industry was attacked by parents, psychologists, and politicians who were concerned that comic books were unfit for children. Superheroines, who had made their debut in 1941, were criticized for

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Due to the fan–based nature of the comic book industry, many of the readers feel, either directly or indirectly, that they are involved in a social practice. The attachment to the titles and the characters obtains a life all its own. There is a sense of social contact with the books and the

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The Bronze Age of Comics reflected many of the feminist tensions of the era. The number of female characters, both heroes and villains, increased substantially in the 1970s, in response to the feminist movement, and in an attempt to diversify readership. However, these characters were often

2462:'s school, is visited by The Avengers. At that meeting, Danvers rebukes the team for their treatment at her being raped and manipulated by Marcus while they were being complicit in that violation, condemning it as a betrayal by them, which the team comes to agree to their profound chagrin. 2745:, she also wears a form-fitting green dress; however, this one is very low cut both at the front and at the back, with substantial cleavage. She also frequently pulls her dress up in a suggestive manner. The trend has become the target of satire by feminists, especially on websites like " 2895:(Beatriz da Costa), who was introduced by DC Comics in 1979. She started as a model in Rio de Janeiro before becoming an undercover agent for the Brazilian government. In one of her missions, she was exposed to pyroclastic explosions, which gave her fire-based super-human powers. 2686:

in 1954. The code limited content of all newsstand comic books. As a result, code-approved comics portrayed women in a mostly conservative, traditional manner for the next few decades. As social norms changed, the code was occasionally revised to be less restrictive. As the

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female voices in comics. The portrayals of female characters and superheroes were targeted towards a predominantly male demographic, rather than towards female readers. Sexism can be found in many examples throughout the history of comic books by use of

2938:. However, in this comic book age, more Latino superheroes were more acclaimed than Latina superheroes. More originally created Latina characters began to appear in the 1990s and 2000s, including commonly known characters such as Renee Montoya, 2872:#19. She was a rising Hollywood actress and stuntwoman, until she faked her death and became a secret agent to avenge the death of her fiancé. Her abilities include acting, singing, and dancing, as well as being skilled in Ju-Jitsu and fencing. 2722:, a superhero who has been known as Ms. Marvel, Binary, and Captain Marvel, is one of Marvel's most popular female superheroes, and has been considered a feminist icon. She is considered one of the strongest superheroes created by Marvel. 2922:) stories, most of the characters were prominently Chicano teenagers. Their most notable characters were Margarita "Maggie" Luisa Chascarrillo and Esperanza "Hopey" Leticia Glass, who were on an on-and-off romantic basis with each other. 2998:

treated (by both their on-page counterparts and their writers) when compared to male superheroes of the same caliber. However, more recently steps have been made towards equality and de-sexualization with specific stories and comics.

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were used disproportionately on female characters. It noted that even though female comic characters were becoming more powerful, they were still inferior to the male counterparts, which can be seen by them appearing more disposable.

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were primarily portrayed in secondary roles, with some examples being classified as career girls, romance-story heroines, or lively teenagers. Career-oriented girls included such characters as Nellie the Nurse, Tessie the Typist, and

4285: 2212:, the writer of Justice Society kept Wonder Woman in the limited position as Secretary of the League, rarely involving her in action. In 1947 Marston died, and although his widow petitioned to be hired as writer, DC instead hired 2716:

order for the plot to be understood. It is possible that this may have led to a further decline in female readership, as the female readers that might have tried to start during this era would find themselves confused and lost.

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Between 1961 and 1963, one of the top two comic book genres was romance comics. Many influences from this genre overlapped in the superhero comics of the era. Although superhero titles would eventually become the leading

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developed in the early 1980s, publishers were able to sell comics without code approval easily, so fewer publishers subjected themselves to it. The code became less important until it was completely abandoned in 2011.

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In the late 1980s, both Marvel and DC comics decided that they wanted to include more diversity in their characters. Thus, popular superheroes began to be re-cast with different ethnicities. This includes

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with Elizabeth (whom Marston believed to be a model of that era's unconventional, liberated woman). In creating Wonder Woman, Marston was also inspired by Olive Byrne, who lived with the couple in a

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http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL.lesref&sw=w&u=les_main&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX2896200140&asid=7c23acc17e51fc8ad1e228f3af0f7820

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first appeared in 1982, and received her own comic in 1989. Captain Marvel had the power to transform herself into any form of energy, and obtains the properties of that energy. She has also joined

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traditional long flowing hair, instead sporting a short cut. She fights the more grotesque images of womanhood including the gorgons, her undead mother, and the ghost of her previous incarnation.

2401:, an underground anthology series that would run through 1992, dealing with many controversial women's issues. Other all-female underground anthology series soon followed, the most notable being 2576:

characters themselves. A unique relationship is developed by the reader upon adopting these properties. This relationship has various effects in the way women are presented in comic books.

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described what he saw as the great educational potential of comic books (a follow-up article was published two years later in 1942). This article caught the attention of comics publisher

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series, shared in the disgust in the misogynistic treatment of Danvers in that story and wrote a follow-up in response. Danvers, who has returned to Earth and is living at Professor

1862: 1759: 100: 2795:, comic book writer, to be bisexual. Although, in her early comics, Wonder Woman was known to have possible same-sex attraction subtext, her sexuality was downplayed afterwards. 2237:

This post-war tension affected the comic book industry directly when a Senate Subcommittee was created to address a perceived rise of juvenile delinquency. Influenced largely by

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in 1961, many brand new women superheroes were introduced; these superheroes were given supporting roles. The first female superhero from the newly named Marvel Comics was the

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have flocked to the independent industry. This, combined with a large female readership, has resulted in greatly increased numbers of female-driven stories in this industry.

4284:(Lent, J. A. (2007). Comics/Comic Strips. In F. Malti-Douglas (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender (Vol. 1, pp. 318-321). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. Retrieved from 1445: 2704:

Despite the industry's historically and culturally backed creation of a male-dominated market, there has been an increase in female readership, as well as an increase in

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African-Americans in comics are also more likely to be considered sidekicks rather than superheroes, and they are less likely to have their own comic series about them.

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Latinos began to appear in comic books in the 1970s, but the characters were mainly male and were associated with street life. This includes popular superheroes like

2609:". It featured a list of female comic book characters who had been injured, killed, or depowered within various superhero comic books and sought to analyze why these 6155: 2473:

found new uses for her powers and developed an assertive self-confidence to use her powers more aggressively. She changed her alias from the Invisible Girl to the

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already existed in the franchise (Renee would become the new Question in the same story arch revealing the new Batwoman, and in fact the two were past lovers).

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after World War II refused to give up their newfound freedom, creating a massive crisis in formerly assumed definitions of masculinity and femininity. The

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Female costumed crimefighters were among the early comics characters. One of the comics' earliest female superheroes appeared in newspaper strips, the

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Wonder Woman is an Amazon Princess; the Amazons were created by Aphrodite, according to the stories, and were made to be stronger and wiser than men.

1977:, which quickly became a popular comic, featuring the two lead characters continuing to obsess over boys and fight over who would get to date Archie. 2130:. At that time, Marston decided to develop a new superhero. In the early 1940s the DC line was dominated by superpowered male characters such as the 485: 7221: 6363: 1806: 1613: 1482: 1466: 7765: 1778: 304: 4905: 4879: 6320: 4394: 4361: 2675: 2497:

Younger/teen-age female super-heroines, which heretofore had been portrayed as inept or limited in power, were re-examined by the portrayal of

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was eventually made. She represented the new modern woman as one who no longer had to live under traditional images of beauty or manners.

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Edgardo Miranda-Rodriguez, Marvel Entertainment writer and Editor-in-Chief at Darryl Makes Comics LLC, originally created La Borinqueña.

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Facciani, Matthew; Warren, Peter; Vendemia, Jennifer (2015). "A Content-Analysis of Race, Gender and Glass in American Comic Books".

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Throughout most of the Silver and Bronze Age, women in comics were not given leadership positions. In the 1980s, under writer-artist

6145: 4526: 3925: 3852: 3771: 3748: 3695: 3673: 3617: 3580: 3544: 3511: 3329: 3200: 1880: 1825: 1431: 1367: 2818:, who had the power to control the weather. She first appeared in 1975. In several reincarnations of the X-Men, she is the leader. 1774: 6421: 6335: 5352: 5342: 5325: 5047: 4619:

PHILLIPS, NICKIE D.; STROBL, STACI (2013). ""AREN'T THERE ANY BROWN PEOPLE IN THIS WORLD?" RACE, ETHNICITY, AND CRIME FIGHTING".

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Enormous impact was made both within comic book storylines and amongst comic book fans by the radical portrayal of women in the

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comic book) exemplified this crisis: a strong, sexually aggressive woman who refused to stay in her traditional "proper" place.

6411: 6251: 6109: 3917: 2737:#52, she wears a green dress, tight-fitting but with minimal cleavage and accentuation of her rear. She also wears a brown fur 1973: 917: 837: 659: 454: 6497: 7725: 6523: 6325: 6083: 5503: 5383: 5065: 3213: 3082: 2829: 1763: 374: 210: 2429: 1854: 6416: 6162: 6114: 5297: 2958: 2391: 1560: 1487: 1117: 684: 3021: 2771:

breasts or broader shoulders, they are not exaggerated to the point that they are in the mainstream comic book industry.

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woman in the modern day who could transform into a skull-faced creature with superpowers to fight evil; she debuted in

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devastated Puerto Rico in September 2017, comic book writers and artists contributed in making an anthology called

2949: 2810:. One of the first black female superheroes, and one of the most popular female black superheroes to this day, was 2147: 1799: 1377: 967: 3239: 2965:

and Nick Dragotta in 2013, but became so acclaimed that she was given her own series written by openly gay writer

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could still draw widespread media attention by announcing a new, lesbian incarnation of the well-known character

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Trina Robbins, From Girls to Grrrlz: a History of Women's Comics from Teens to Zines, p.77, Diane Pub Co, 1999,

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create a feminine character with all the strength of Superman plus all the allure of a good and beautiful woman.

2090:#2 (Feb. 1940), credited to the pseudonymous "Barclay Flagg". The first widely recognizable female superhero is 43: 7760: 6786: 6550: 5538: 5109: 2935: 2903: 2510: 1555: 1520: 1207: 901: 230: 195: 2490:

comics, which had been relaunched in 1975. Previously existing female characters were given huge increases in

2195:, both non-traditional roles for women. Despite such portrayals of women in leadership roles, however, editor 2741:

on top, which covers much of her body, and keeps a hat on with her hair tied back. In the 2019 comic series,

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There is a distinct effort being made by some to address these issues; there is a Gender in Comics panel at

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Some of Marston's early stories included Wonder Woman as president of the United States and as a modern-day

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is an example of Marvel's struggle with the issues of feminism. Debuting in 1977 at the height of the

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Portrayals of women characters as sex objects continues to attract comment and controversy: in 2007,

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social unrest was slowly coming to a boil, they were more likely to read the Marvel offerings. When

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Dunne, Maryjane: "The Representation of Women in Comic Books, Post WWII Through the Radical 60s".

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type versus the dangerous allure of her foil respectively. The duo got their own title in 1950,

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superheroes each had a major female supporting character. These included three career women:

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The Spectacular Sisterhood of Superwomen: Awesome Female Characters From Comic Book History

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produced and wrote some of the stories in the comics, and included his original character

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was shot in the spine by the Joker, resulting in the paralysis of her lower body. Writers

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in 1970 that featured many of the most famous female comic icons. This would evolve into

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Latina women did not have many appearances in comics until 1981, when Latino brothers

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and sadomasochistic content. In response to the threat of government regulation, the

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Batman's supporting cast, beginning in the 1950s, occasionally included journalist

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The Supergirls: Fashion, Feminism, Fantasy, and the history of Comic Book Heroines

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The Supergirls: Fashion, Feminism, Fantasy, and the history of Comic Book Heroines

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Diversity, Political Correctness and Social Justice in Contemporary Marvel Comics

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issue, Wonder Woman tells a woman that she envied her life as a mother and wife.

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Latina character to appear in American comics. She made her first appearance in

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women did not start appearing regularly in comic books until the 1970s, in the

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circle The Women's Liberation Basement Press published a one-shot comic titled

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Feminism in the Worlds of Neil Gaiman: Essays on the Comics, Poetry, and Prose

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Recently LGBTQ superheroes are becoming more prevalent and available. In 2011

2630: 2425: 2330: 2326: 2276: 2122:, who hired Marston as an educational consultant for National Periodicals and 2119: 1952: 1644: 732: 674: 669: 4930: 4730: 4722: 4191: 3862: 3705: 3627: 3590: 3554: 3521: 3474: 2562:), who sported punk-influenced clothing and a shaved head. Her popularity in 7715: 7619: 7553: 7382: 7373: 7328: 7313: 7035: 7006: 6915: 6897: 6892: 6763: 6759: 6737: 6684: 6663: 6635: 6610: 6555: 5670: 5104: 4082: 2962: 2679: 2587: 2551: 2437: 2418: 2315: 2279: 2167: 2127: 2101: 1997: 1948: 6472: 4640: 4620: 4300:"Carol Danvers, Marvel's first female superhero, is also the most powerful" 2828:

on several occasions. There are several other characters who have the name

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Dan Rudh; Andrew Meichtry; Arne Laudwehr; Michael Iacob; Jordan Augustdt.

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Despite the growth of African-American females in comic books in the post-

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Lesbianism has become increasingly common in modern comic books. In 2006,

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Foreword, Doom Patrol Archives, Volume 2, pp.5-6, Roy Thomas, writer,

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Carl Barks and the Disney Comic Book: Unmasking the Myth of Modernity

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From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Women's Comics from Teens to Zines

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Latina women in comics have created a positive societal impact. When

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pages, ready to take on any villain. And they did not need rescuing.

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Kerber, Linda K.; De Hart, Jane Sherron; Dayton, Cornelia Hughes;

3414: 2948: 2851: 2815: 2763: 2738: 2534:'s superhero community who also leads her own superhero team, the 2257: 2052: 2040: 2028: 1979: 1913: 139: 77: 5005:

Divas, Dames & Daredevils: Lost Heroines of Golden Age Comics

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Comic book nation: the transformation of youth culture in America

4823:. Diss. University of Zagreb. Faculty of Teacher Education, 2018. 4427:. Diss. Wright State U, 2013. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. 2008:, featured several progressive heroines such as the jungle queen 7546: 6580: 4929:

SDCC: Gender in Comics, by Brett White. Published Aug 11, 2014.

4324:"The Objectification of Women in Comic Books | Fantasy Magazine" 3887:

Claremont, Christ; Golden, Michael. "By Friends - - Betrayed!".

3789:"Women in Refrigerators: The Objectification of Women in Comics" 3457:

The psychology of superheroes : an unauthorized exploration

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stereotypical, such as the man-hating Thundra or angry-feminist

2189: 2104:. In an October 25, 1940, interview conducted by former student 2012:, whose sex appeal is what helped launched her comic series. As 1570: 7603: 7071: 6568: 6512: 6354:

Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée

5029: 2208:. Although it was published concurrently with Marston's run in 7155: 2433: 1837: 1735: 4174:

Facciani, Matthew; Warren, Peter; Vendemia, Jennifer (2015).

4142:"The Problem of Women in Comics: Where they are (and Aren't)" 4023:"Batwoman's Lesbian Identity is No Secret to Comic Book Fans" 3232:""Not Seen but Not Forgotten: The Invisible Scarlet O'Neil", 4052: 3978:

Mangels, Andy (May 27, 2003). "Outed in Batman's Backyard".

2365:, a.k.a. Susan Storm, charter member of the Fantastic Four. 2000:, debuted in the eponymous comic strip by female cartoonist 2961:. She was first introduced in the Marvel Comics by writers 2530:

remade her into Oracle, a vital information broker for the

2126:, two of the companies that would merge to form the future 4222:

Reading Comics: How Graphic Novels Work and What They Mean

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Ferber, Lawrence (July 18, 2006). "Queering the Comics".

3612:(8 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 699–700. 2978:

Ricanstruction: Reminiscing & Rebuiliding Puerto Rico

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produced a 14.25-inch "comiquette" statuette designed by

5019:

Wonder Women! The Untold Story of American Superheroines

3214:"Why Betty and Veronica Are the Real Stars of Riverdale" 2934:, but was later temporarily replaced by his goddaughter 2070:

One of the earliest female superheroes is writer-artist

4438:"Wonder Woman is bisexual - 'obviously' says DC Comics" 3301:. United States of America: Exterminating Angel Press. 2108:(under the pseudonym 'Olive Richard') and published in 4880:"What Do Comic Books Teach Us About Gender Attitudes?" 4622:

Comic Book Crime: Truth, Justice, and the American Way

4529:. 2008-04-23. Archived from the original on 2008-04-23 3904: 3902: 3377: 3375: 2594:, even though openly lesbian minor characters such as 102:

Gender representation on corporate boards of directors

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Madrid, Mike, foreword by Maria Elena Buszek (2013)

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Batwoman and Catwoman: Treatment of Woman in Comics

3608:, eds. (2015-02-04). ""Goesaert v. Cleary, 1948"". 2957:Currently, the most mainstream Latina superhero is 1766:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4946: 4565:Black Superheroes, Milestone Comics and Their Fans 3294: 2100:, one of three companies that would merge to form 6369:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 3195:(San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1999), pp. 7-8; 2444:solidarity, as was her civilian job as editor of 4546:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 3455:Jennifer, Rosenberg, Robin S. Canzoneri (2008). 2508:During the events of Alan Moore's graphic novel 2329:and heiress Kathy Kane, whose alter ego was the 325:Science, technology, engineering and mathematics 6168:Comics and comic strips made into feature films 4707:"Review of Locas: The Maggie and Hopey Stories" 4362:"Gender Differences in Comics by Trina Robbins" 4249: 4247: 2879:and El Aguila (The Eagle), as well as villains 2579:This portrayal would be put to the test in the 2178: 2062:, volume 1, number 22, August 1950. Artwork by 2022: 1857:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling 7551: 6359:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association 6247:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 2605:In 1999, a new website was launched entitled " 2318:was the on-again, off-again girlfriend of the 6524: 5041: 3721:"The Surprising Origin Story of Wonder Woman" 1930:(a time during which the medium evolved from 1717: 1439: 8: 3487:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2657:stand-alone success outside straightforward 2440:, the heroine's name was a strong symbol of 4475:"GCD :: Series :: Captain Marvel" 2678:imitated the film industry's self-governed 7600: 7378: 7088: 7079: 7068: 6856: 6715: 6585: 6576: 6565: 6531: 6517: 6509: 6407:British Amateur Press Association (comics) 6295: 6205:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum 6068: 5766: 5473: 5282: 5048: 5034: 5026: 4931:https://www.cbr.com/sdcc-gender-in-comics/ 4388: 4386: 4254:D'Amore, Laura Mattoon (1 December 2012). 3184: 3182: 2348:During this time frame, the comics of the 2142:. According to the Fall 2001 issue of the 1724: 1710: 1457: 1446: 1432: 28: 6402:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors 6316:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers 4803:"Adventures in Comics and the Real World" 3758: 3756: 3668:, University Press of Mississippi, 2006, 3506:. Vintage. pp. 204–205 and 210–211. 2670:violating gender norms and for perceived 2665:Introduction of the Comics Code Authority 2550:, a popular feminist comic book girl was 1881:Learn how and when to remove this message 1826:Learn how and when to remove this message 6364:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics 4801:Gustines, George Gene (March 26, 2017). 4169: 4167: 3434:. New York: Vintage Books. p. 286. 2158:. Given the go-ahead, Marston developed 2049:number 1, 1952. Artwork by George Frese. 1967:, who typify this dichotomy between the 3782: 3780: 3261:"Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Miss Fury" 3178: 3026: 2264:would end its thirty-year run in 1977. 1775:"Portrayal of women in American comics" 1465: 36: 4968:Prescott, Tara; Aaron Drucker (2012). 4539: 3480: 2676:Comics Magazine Association of America 2448:magazine (a reference to the then-new 2114:, titled "Don't Laugh at the Comics", 2004:in 1941. One publisher in particular, 6222:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel 4652: 4650: 4233: 4231: 4078:"Adam Hughes on the Mary Jane Statue" 3957:"CNN: Batwoman comes out of the cave" 3566: 3564: 3425: 3423: 2989:the hurricane relief of Puerto Rico. 1996:by Russell Stamm. The tough-fighting 7: 6173:Comics solicited but never published 4765:"Is Spider-Girl the new Spider-Man?" 4241:2.1 (2006): 1-13. Web. 19 Dec. 2016. 4128:(Portland State University research) 3610:Women's America: Refocusing the Past 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3103:Gender representation in video games 1764:adding citations to reliable sources 598:Gender representation in video games 6493: 6321:Australian Cartoonists' Association 6311:Association of Canadian Cartoonists 4239:PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal 4021:Helberg, Michele (July 24, 2006). 3845:The secret history of wonder woman 3688:The secret history of wonder woman 3573:The secret history of wonder woman 3537:The secret history of wonder woman 3504:The secret history of wonder woman 3432:The Secret History of Wonder Woman 3402:Wonder Woman: The Complete History 2045:"America's Typical Teenage Girl": 25: 4705:Davis-McElligatt, Joanna (2007). 4681:Captain Marvel #48 (January 1977) 4595:"Happy 100th Anniversary, Zorro!" 4393:Robbins, Trina (September 2002). 3993:Sherrin, Michael (May 31, 2006). 2757:Many female readers sway towards 2170:relationship. In a 1943 issue of 2146:alumni magazine, it was his wife 6492: 6483: 6482: 6471: 6459: 6422:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund 6336:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas 6237:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection 4298:Dickey, Josh (29 October 2014). 4224:. Da Capo Press. pp. 70–74. 3404:, (DC Comics, 2000), pp. 28-30. 3149:"The Secret City of the Incas", 3053: 3041: 3029: 2930:, whose alter ego was initially 2337:. With a tip of her cowl to the 2267:After the implementation of the 1842: 1740: 1688:Women in Refrigerators (website) 115:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 42: 7048:(self styled captain, braggart) 6252:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art 4754:#6 (September 1985). DC Comics. 4661:. Quirk Books. pp. 39–40. 4103:"No plumber's butt for Spidey?" 3918:University Press of Mississippi 3459:. BenBella Books. p. 123. 3156: 3144: 3133: 2832:, one of the most famous being 2822:Captain Marvel (Monica Rambeau) 2241:book published that same year, 2199:was disturbed by the recurring 1751:needs additional citations for 7766:Depictions of people in comics 6326:Comic Art Professional Society 5066:Glossary of comics terminology 4260:The Journal of Popular Culture 3642:"Why We Need Wonder Woman Now" 3083:List of female comics creators 2138:, and its flagship character, 1: 6417:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund 5007:. Exterminating Angel Press. 4395:"Gender Difference in Comics" 4220:Wolk, Douglas (1 June 2008). 4101:Arpe, Malene (May 17, 2007). 3847:. Vintage. pp. 283–284. 2959:Miss America (America Chavez) 2910:published the first issue of 7756:Cultural depictions of women 6331:National Cartoonists Society 6120:Based on television programs 4945:Wright, Bradford W. (2001). 4076:Brady, Matt (May 22, 2007). 3088:List of feminist comic books 2629:hand-washing Peter Parker's 2333:-riding masked crimefighter 566:Portrayal in American comics 157:Heads of state or government 18:Portrayal of women in comics 7552: 7419:Elderly martial arts master 7114:Hooker with a heart of gold 6262:Words & Pictures Museum 3787:Nelson, Kyra (2015-01-01). 3322:The Great Women Superheroes 2430:women's liberation movement 2322:'s alter ego, Barry Allen. 2294:, lawyer and girlfriend of 2018:The Great Women Superheroes 7792: 7776:Women in the United States 7751:History of American comics 6306:Academy of Comic Book Arts 6278:Center for Cartoon Studies 6200:Belgian Comic Strip Center 3793:AWE (A Woman's Experience) 3766:(2002) Introduction, p.5. 3324:Kitchen Sink Press, 1996, 3212:Rosin, Hanna (July 2016). 2940:Anya Corazon (Spider-Girl) 2413:, as well as the one-shot 2314:'s alter ego, Hal Jordan. 2290:'s alter ego, Clark Kent; 7610: 7599: 7078: 7067: 6575: 6564: 6546: 6454: 6412:Club des bandes dessinées 6146:Best-selling comic series 5724:Portrayal of black people 5063: 5022:(2012) – documentary film 4988:Further reading and films 4752:Crisis on Infinite Earths 4347:Houser, Mooney, Farrell, 3122:Sexism in American comics 2982:Edgardo Miranda-Rodriguez 2944:Lorena Marquez (Aquagirl) 2881:Senor Muerte/Senor Suerte 2808:Bronze Age of Comic Books 2682:with the creation of the 2542:Modern Age of Comic Books 2373:Bronze Age of Comic Books 2350:Silver Age of Comic Books 2251:Silver Age of Comic Books 2244:Seduction of the Innocent 2156:All-American Publications 2124:All-American Publications 2098:All-American Publications 1928:Golden Age of Comic Books 1920:True Bride-to-Be Romances 1910:Golden Age of Comic Books 1650:Gaylactic Spectrum Awards 4906:"SDCC: Gender in Comics" 4657:Nicholson, Hope (2017). 4509:Race, Gender & Class 4328:www.fantasy-magazine.com 4180:Race, Gender & Class 4053:"Women in Refrigerators" 3690:. Vintage. p. 269. 3575:. Vintage. p. 271. 3539:. Vintage. p. 286. 3361:Our Women Are Our Future 2625:that appeared to depict 2511:Batman: The Killing Joke 1994:Invisible Scarlet O'Neil 1521:Feminist science fiction 6217:British Cartoon Archive 6210:National Cartoon Museum 4836:. NBC News. 29 May 2019 4561:Brown, Jeffrey (2001). 4423:Race, Kristen Coppess. 2568:magazine was such that 2116:William Moulton Marston 152:Conservatives in the US 125:Explorers and travelers 7146:Manic Pixie Dream Girl 6570:By ethics and morality 6427:Finnish Comics Society 6384:Svenska Serieakademien 6374:Comics Studies Society 6242:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo 5746:Women in Refrigerators 5741:The Hawkeye Initiative 5379:Female comics creators 4723:10.1093/melus/32.3.267 4599:Zorro Productions, Inc 4349:The Web of Black Widow 3161:"The Unbound Amazon", 3013: 3006:that they are facing: 2954: 2861: 2848:Latina women in comics 2747:The Hawkeye Initiative 2743:The Web of Black Widow 2726:Sexualized superheroes 2607:Women in Refrigerators 2432:, with the honorific " 2404:Tits & Clits Comix 2183: 2067: 2050: 2038: 2027: 1989: 1923: 1655:Lambda Literary Awards 455:In Shakespeare's works 6163:Comic books on CD/DVD 5413:Comics historiography 5000:(Chelsea House, 1977) 4859:www.la-borinquena.com 4819:Kostanjšak, Domagoj. 4791:vol. 6 #16 (May 2004) 4497:The Avengers #273-277 4399:Image & Narrative 4351:(Marvel Comics, 2019) 4090:on September 5, 2007. 3995:"Batwoman Comes Out!" 3908:By Jeffrey A. Brown, 3843:Lepore, Jill (2015). 3764:Batman in the Fifties 3686:Lepore, Jill (2015). 3571:Lepore, Jill (2015). 3535:Lepore, Jill (2015). 3502:Lepore, Jill (2015). 3430:Lepore, Jill (2014). 3383:Who Was Wonder Woman? 3293:Madrid, Mike (2009). 3093:List of superheroines 3008: 2952: 2855: 2841:civil rights movement 2799:Black women in comics 2708:attendance by women. 2684:Comics Code Authority 2619:Sideshow Collectibles 2304:aircraft manufacturer 2056: 2044: 2032: 1983: 1934:) women who were not 1917: 1895:portrayal of women in 211:Nobel Prize laureates 6379:Sequart Organization 6125:Based on video games 5707:Gender and webcomics 5272:Publishing companies 4910:Comic Book Resources 4366:imageandnarrative.be 3098:Gender and webcomics 2638:gender stereotypes. 2206:All-Star Comics # 11 2173:The American Scholar 1947:genre, pioneered by 1898:American comic books 1760:improve this article 1604:Single-gender worlds 1467:Sex and sexuality in 1368:United Arab Emirates 305:in the United States 120:Economic development 110:Diversity (politics) 96:Female entrepreneurs 7360:Princess and dragon 7258:Princesse lointaine 6758:(servants, clowns: 6728:Gentleman detective 6437:The Hero Initiative 5717:American mainstream 5519:Comics in education 5122:Comic strip formats 4998:Women in the Comics 4972:. McFarland Press. 4878:Blanch, Christina. 4401:(4). Archived from 4152:on 19 November 2015 3910:Black Superheroes: 3889:The Avengers Annual 3003:San Diego Comic Con 2074:'s minor character 1969:good Girl-Next-Door 1901:overall character. 1469:speculative fiction 1461:Part of a series on 1353:Trinidad and Tobago 588:Speculative fiction 481:Theological figures 426:Feminist philosophy 226:Reproductive rights 32:Part of a series on 7645:Identity formation 7435:American mappillai 7347:Damsel in distress 7129:Magical girlfriend 7034:(wealthy old men, 6478:Cartoon portal 6232:The Cartoon Museum 6227:Cartoon Art Museum 5951:France and Belgium 5736:Portrayal of women 5729:African characters 5697:Ethnic stereotypes 4807:The New York Times 4695:#25 (October 1979) 4405:on 3 February 2015 4272:10.1111/jpcu.12006 3388:2007-12-08 at the 3366:2006-07-27 at the 3218:smithsonianmag.com 2955: 2862: 2753:Independent comics 2696:Feminism in comics 2654:hypersexualization 2481:chaired the team. 2218:Sensational Comics 2068: 2051: 2039: 1990: 1974:Betty and Veronica 1924: 1861:You can assist by 1588:Recurring elements 918:Dominican Republic 685:Mixed martial arts 655:Fastpitch softball 236:Violence and abuse 221:Positions of power 7738: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7615:Adolescent clique 7595: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7368: 7367: 7104:Farmer's daughter 7073:By sex and gender 7063: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7054: 6846: 6845: 6705: 6704: 6626:Mythological king 6506: 6505: 6466:Comics portal 6450: 6449: 6283:The Kubert School 6186: 6185: 6058: 6057: 5756: 5755: 5681:Widescreen comics 5524:Comics journalism 5394: 5393: 5186:Political cartoon 5127:Daily comic strip 4979:978-0-7864-6636-8 4960:978-0-8018-6514-5 4668:978-1-59474-948-3 4632:978-0-8147-6787-0 3815:978-1-4012-0150-0 3606:Wu, Judy Tzu-Chun 3441:978-0-8041-7340-7 3308:978-1-935259-03-9 2908:Gilbert Hernandez 2791:was announced by 2775:LGBTQ superheroes 2734:Tales of Suspense 2642:Critical analysis 2392:It Ain't Me, Babe 2387:underground comix 2385:Meanwhile in the 2239:Fredric Wertham's 2176:, Marston wrote: 2148:Elizabeth Hollowy 2144:Boston University 1891: 1890: 1883: 1836: 1835: 1828: 1810: 1734: 1733: 1640:Gaylactic Network 1561:In horror fiction 1483:Sex and sexuality 1456: 1455: 660:Football / soccer 583:Fictional pirates 375:Art history field 251:Exchange of women 16:(Redirected from 7783: 7771:Women and comics 7661:Little green men 7650:Imaginary friend 7601: 7557: 7379: 7319:Mammy stereotype 7273:Yamato nadeshiko 7089: 7080: 7069: 6944:Bug-eyed monster 6908:Social Darwinist 6857: 6833:Good cop/bad cop 6716: 6586: 6577: 6566: 6540:Stock characters 6533: 6526: 6519: 6510: 6496: 6495: 6486: 6485: 6476: 6475: 6464: 6463: 6442:Xeric Foundation 6296: 6110:Based on fiction 6069: 5843:China and Taiwan 5767: 5566:Graphic medicine 5509:Autobiographical 5474: 5452:Japanese (manga) 5358:Japanese (manga) 5283: 5050: 5043: 5036: 5027: 4983: 4964: 4952: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4875: 4869: 4868: 4866: 4865: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4830: 4824: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4742: 4702: 4696: 4688: 4682: 4679: 4673: 4672: 4654: 4645: 4644: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4568: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4545: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4504: 4498: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4434: 4428: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4368:. 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Archived from 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3955:(June 1, 2006). 3949: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3928: 3916:, p. 129, 2001, 3912:Milestone Comics 3906: 3897: 3896: 3884: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3818: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3784: 3775: 3762:Uslan, Michael. 3760: 3751: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3683: 3677: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3568: 3559: 3558: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3486: 3478: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3427: 3418: 3411: 3405: 3398: 3392: 3379: 3370: 3359:Richard, Olive. 3357: 3351: 3350: 3339: 3333: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3300: 3290: 3273: 3272: 3271:on May 25, 2024. 3267:. Archived from 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3247: 3238:. Archived from 3228: 3222: 3221: 3209: 3203: 3186: 3165:#19 (June 1943) 3163:Sensation Comics 3160: 3151:Sensation Comics 3148: 3141:#7 (Winter 1943) 3137: 3058: 3057: 3046: 3045: 3044: 3034: 3033: 3025: 2912:Love and Rockets 2836:, who is white. 2804:African-American 2768:hyper-sexualized 2284:The Daily Planet 2282:, who worked at 2210:Sensation Comics 2080:ancient Egyptian 1941:Millie the Model 1886: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1866: 1846: 1845: 1838: 1831: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1768: 1744: 1736: 1726: 1719: 1712: 1609:Lesbian vampires 1566:Lesbian vampires 1458: 1448: 1441: 1434: 1118:Marshall Islands 695:Paralympic Games 326: 103: 68: 46: 37:Women in society 29: 21: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7761:Feminist comics 7741: 7740: 7739: 7730: 7606: 7583: 7560: 7533: 7502: 7485:Prince Charming 7479: 7475:Superfluous man 7470:Nice Jewish boy 7423: 7400: 7364: 7341: 7323: 7306:Lady-in-waiting 7300: 7277: 7244: 7216: 7188: 7174:Fairy godmother 7150: 7074: 7051: 6990: 6930: 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fiction 360: 359: 341: 340: 324: 275: 274: 256: 255: 231:Venture capital 196:Law enforcement 101: 86:Animal advocacy 82: 62: 59:Women's history 54: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7789: 7787: 7779: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7743: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7711:Tragic mulatto 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7686:Shoulder angel 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7657:("The Lovers") 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7604: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7549: 7543: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7508: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7500: 7495: 7489: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7410: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7362: 7357: 7351: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7333: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7316: 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character 2398:Wimmen's Comix 2374: 2371: 2363:Invisible Girl 2341:character the 2310:, the boss of 2252: 2249: 2228:(prevalent in 2152:Jack Liebowitz 2078:, an ageless, 2072:Fletcher Hanks 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1889: 1888: 1850: 1848: 1841: 1834: 1833: 1748: 1746: 1739: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1721: 1714: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1670:Broad Universe 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1616: 1614:Woman warriors 1611: 1606: 1601: 1599:Male pregnancy 1596: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1542: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1463: 1462: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1450: 1443: 1436: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1373:United Kingdom 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 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461: 458: 457: 452: 451: 450: 445: 435: 430: 429: 428: 418: 417: 416: 406: 401: 400: 399: 397:"Chick flicks" 389: 384: 383: 382: 380:Women's cinema 372: 367: 361: 358: 357: 354: 348: 347: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 328: 321: 316: 311: 310: 309: 308: 307: 292: 287: 282: 276: 273: 272: 269: 263: 262: 261: 258: 257: 254: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 177: 176: 175: 174: 164: 159: 154: 144: 143: 142: 132: 127: 122: 117: 112: 107: 106: 105: 98: 88: 81: 80: 74: 73: 70: 69: 55: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 34: 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7788: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7721:Village idiot 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7666:Magical Negro 7664: 7662: 7659: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7602: 7598: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7498:Knight-errant 7496: 7494: 7491: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7460:Little Johnny 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7445:Ivan the Fool 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7406:Father figure 7403: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7348: 7344: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7280: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7222:Woman warrior 7219: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7195: 7191: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092:Love interest 7090: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7077: 7070: 7066: 7047: 7044: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6969:Swamp monster 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6921:Mad scientist 6919: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6876: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6720:Lovable rogue 6717: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6690:Super soldier 6688: 6686: 6683: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6648: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6616:Knight-errant 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6601:Christ figure 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6567: 6563: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6545: 6541: 6534: 6529: 6527: 6522: 6520: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6499: 6491: 6489: 6481: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6456: 6453: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6391: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6343: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6294: 6292:Organizations 6290: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 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5791: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5759: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5651:Decompression 5649: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5608:Tijuana bible 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5529:Comics poetry 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5317: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5217:Silent comics 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5181:Graphic novel 5179: 5177: 5174: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5137:Sunday comics 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5039: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4994:Horn, Maurice 4992: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953:. JHU Press. 4951: 4950: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4897: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4871: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4835: 4829: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4813: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4782: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4693: 4692:Super Friends 4687: 4684: 4678: 4675: 4670: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4625:. NYU Press. 4624: 4623: 4615: 4612: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4557: 4554: 4549: 4543: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4467: 4463: 4462:Uncanny X-Men 4458: 4455: 4443: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4417: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4387: 4383: 4372:on 2015-02-03 4371: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4329: 4325: 4319: 4316: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4278: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4115: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4097: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4069: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4014: 4006:September 12, 4002: 4001: 3996: 3989: 3986: 3982:. p. 62. 3981: 3974: 3971: 3963:September 12, 3958: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3941:. p. 51. 3940: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3926:1-57806-282-9 3923: 3919: 3915: 3913: 3905: 3903: 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3304: 3299: 3298: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3242:on 2013-06-12 3241: 3237: 3235: 3234:Hogan's Alley 3227: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3201:0-7567-8120-5 3198: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3159: 3158: 3152: 3147: 3146: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078:Good girl art 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3012: 3007: 3004: 2999: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986:La Borinqueña 2983: 2979: 2975: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2859: 2854: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2835: 2834:Carol Danvers 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2782: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2720:Carol Danvers 2717: 2713: 2709: 2707: 2702: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2689:direct market 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2655: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2601: 2600:Renee Montoya 2597: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2556:Jamie Hewlett 2553: 2549: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2536:Birds of Prey 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2487:Uncanny X-Men 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2461: 2457: 2456:Uncanny X-Men 2453: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2372: 2370: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2359:Marvel Comics 2356: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2339:Harvey Comics 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:Green Lantern 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2262:Young Romance 2260:, DC Comics' 2259: 2250: 2248: 2246: 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In their 2877:White Tiger 2759:independent 2623:Adam Hughes 2596:Gotham City 2560:Alan Martin 2532:DC Universe 2499:Kitty Pryde 2292:Jean Loring 2269:Comics Code 2168:polyamorous 2106:Olive Byrne 2064:Will Eisner 2002:Tarpé Mills 1936:superheroes 1926:During the 1633:conventions 1631:Awards and 1539:LGBT themes 1477:Main topics 1283:South Sudan 1278:South Korea 1223:Puerto Rico 1208:Philippines 1173:North Korea 1158:New Zealand 1043:Ivory Coast 933:El Salvador 763:Afghanistan 620:Auto racing 593:Video games 506:Catholicism 285:Engineering 162:Legislators 7745:Categories 7706:Town drunk 7655:Innamorati 7355:Final girl 7337:Gamer girl 7040:Il Dottore 7012:Folk devil 6954:Killer toy 6949:Evil clown 6869:False hero 6810:Air pirate 6772:Pulcinella 5762:By country 5603:Teen humor 5438:Modern Age 5433:Bronze Age 5428:Silver Age 5423:Golden Age 5363:Macedonian 5338:Australian 5319:By country 5305:Minicomics 5202:Film comic 5195:Techniques 5080:Comic book 4915:16 January 4889:17 January 4864:2020-12-10 4840:2020-12-10 4775:2020-11-27 4605:2020-12-10 4533:2016-12-19 4484:2016-12-19 4479:comics.org 4448:2016-12-19 4444:. 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Portrayal of women in American comics

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