400:, especially for the wealthy, and a steady erosion of the welfare safety net. Starting with legislation in the 1980s, the wealthy banking community successfully lobbied for reduced regulation. The wide range of financial and social capital accessible to the power elite gives their members heavy influence in economic and political decision making, allowing them to move toward attaining desired outcomes. Sociologist Christopher Doob gives a hypothetical alternative, stating that these elite individuals would consider themselves the overseers of the national economy. Also appreciating that it is not only a moral, but a practical necessity to focus beyond their group interests. Doing so would hopefully alleviate various destructive conditions affecting large numbers of less affluent citizens.
101:
282:, and government elites who control the principal institutions in the United States and whose opinions and actions influence the decisions of the policymakers. The basis for membership of a power elite is institutional power, namely an influential position within a prominent private or public organization. A study of the French corporate elite has shown that social class continues to hold sway in determining who joins this elite group, with those from the upper-middle class tending to dominate. Another study (published in 2002) of power elites in the United States during the administration of President
428:
cites a kind of "double movement" where on one hand, "valuable segments of territories and people" become "linked in the global networks of value making and wealth appropriation", while, on the other, "everything and everyone" that is not valued by established networks gets "switched off...and ultimately discarded". These evolutions have also led many social scientists to explore empirically the possible emergence of a new transnational and cohesive social class at the top of the social ladder: a global elite But, the wide-ranging effects of
43:
2670:
444:
238:, a social formation based on heritage and social ties, the power elite is characterized by the organizational structures through which its wealth is acquired. According to Mills, the power elite rose from "the managerial reorganization of the propertied classes into the more or less unified stratum of the corporate rich". In
230:
According to Mills, the governing elite in the United States primarily draws its members from political leaders, including the president, and a handful of key cabinet members, as well as close advisers, major corporate owners and directors, and high-ranking military officers. These groups overlap and
408:
Mills determined that there is an "inner core" of the power elite involving individuals that are able to move from one seat of institutional power to another. They, therefore, have a wide range of knowledge and interests in many influential organizations, and are, as Mills describes, "professional
165:
states that members of the elite accept their fellows' position of importance in society. "As a rule, 'they accept one another, understand one another, marry one another, tend to work, and to think, if not together at least alike'." It is a well-regulated existence where education plays a critical
427:
that contemporary globalization does not mean that "everything in the global economy is global". So, a global economy becomes characterized by fundamental social inequalities with respect to the "level of integration, competitive potential and share of the benefits from economic growth". Castells
246:
editions, he further clarified the differences in the two terms: "The upper class as a whole does not do the ruling. Instead, class rule is manifested through the activities of a wide variety of organizations and institutions...Leaders within the upper class join with high-level employees in the
221:
Military Circle: In Mills' time a heightened concern about warfare existed, making top military leaders and such issues as defense funding and personnel recruitment very important. Most prominent corporate leaders and politicians were strong proponents of military
225:
Corporate elite: According to Mills, in the 1950s when the military emphasis was pronounced, it was corporate leaders working with prominent military officers who dominated the development of policies. These two groups tended to be mutually
343:
Nearly all the leaders have a college education, with almost half graduating with advanced degrees. About 54% of the big-business leaders, and 42% of the government elite graduated from just 12 prestigious
286:(in office 2001-2009) identified 7,314 institutional positions of power encompassing 5,778 individuals. A later study of U.S. society noted demographic characteristics of this elite group as follows:
278:
is a term used by Mills to describe a relatively small, loosely connected group of individuals who dominate
American policymaking. This group includes bureaucratic, corporate, intellectual, military,
1211:, economic equality narrowed, except among Black Americans... But by the nineteen-eighties the Great Compression was over. As the rich grew richer than ever, they sought to turn their money into
266:: "present-day state power is nothing but an entrepreneurs' company of tremendous power, headed even by the same persons that occupy the leading positions in the banking and syndicate offices".
307:
Men contribute roughly 80% in the political realm, whereas women contribute roughly only 20% in the political realm. In the economic denomination, as of
October 2017, only 32 (6.4%) of the
327:
represent about 80% of the top business leaders, about 54% of the members of
Congress of any ethnicity are also Protestant. As of October 2017, only 4 (0.8%) of the Fortune 500 CEOs are
1215:; spending on politics soared." (p. 22.) "o democracy can function well if people are unwilling to lose power â if a generation of leaders... becomes so entrenched that it ages into
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1219:; if one of two major parties denies the arithmetic of elections; if a cohort of the ruling class loses status that it once enjoyed and sets out to salvage it." (p. 23.)
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ultimately affect everyone on the planet, as economies around the world come to depend on the functioning of global financial markets, technologies, trade and labor.
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power elite. (n.d.). The
American HeritageÂź New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Retrieved January 18, 2015, from Dictionary.com website:
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198:. These memberships in turn pave the way to the prominent social clubs located in major cities and serve as sites for important business contacts.
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218:, corporate leaders had become more prominent in the political process, with a decline in central decision-making for professional politicians.
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Jenkins, J. Craig; Eckert, Craig M. (2000). "The Right Turn in
Economic Policy: Business Elites and the New Conservative Economics".
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privilege to obtain their background and contacts, allowing them to enter three branches of the power elite, which are:
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Youthful upper-class members attend prominent preparatory schools, which open doors to elite universities, known as the
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and the globalizing of economic and military power bind leaders of the power elite into complex relationships with
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Political and
Functional Elites in Post-Socialist Transformation: Central and East Europe since 1989/90
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1695:
243:
187:
158:, the "elite" are "the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society."
141:
1183:, 29 January 2024, pp. 18â23. "In the nineteen-twenties... American elites, some of whom feared a
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1207:.'... Between the nineteen-thirties and the nineteen-seventies, a period that scholars call the
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364:. About a third belong to a small number of especially prestigious clubs in major cities like
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Most holders of top positions in the power elite possess exclusive membership to one or more
299:, law, education, and civic organizations aged around 62; government employees aged about 56.
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1177:, "Ruling-Class Rules: How to thrive in the power elite â while declaring it your enemy",
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418:
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125:
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elites tend to circulate from one sector to another, consolidating power in the process.
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331:. In similarly low proportions, as of October 2017, 10 (2%) of the Fortune 500 CEOs are
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194:(among others), and the universities' respective highly exclusive clubs, such as the
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go-betweens of economic, political, and military affairs". Relentless expansion of
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organizations they control to make up what will be called the power elite".
140:, to select or to sort out) are a small group of powerful people who hold a
117:
1225:, Heinrich Best, Verona Christmas-Best & Ursula Hoffmann-Lange (Eds.):
17:
910:
4504:
4083:
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3051:
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2250:
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2012:
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2017:
1967:
1959:
1949:
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1841:
1700:
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830:"Pathways to Power: Class, Hyper-Agency and the French Corporate Elite"
508:
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251:
207:
1323:
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2814:
2799:
2246:
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1992:
1932:
1927:
1734:
682:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. p. 39.
619:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. p. 38.
377:
365:
1107:
3320:
2809:
1982:
1533:
473:
99:
3315:
2739:
2064:
1606:
1342:
Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making
1164:"Theoretical and methodological pathways for research on elites"
953:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. p. 42.
2688:
2308:
1665:
1405:
1401:
2884:
2779:
828:
Maclean, Mairi; Harvey, Charles; Kling, Gerhard (2014-06-01).
397:
36:
754:
Powell, Jason L. (2007) "power elite" in George Ritzer (ed.)
52:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1263:
The power elite and the state: how policy is made in
America
214:
Political leadership: Mills contended that since the end of
206:
According to Mills, men receive the education necessary for
1131:
Heinrich Best, Ronald
Gebauer & Axel Salheiser (Eds.):
951:
Social
Inequality and Social Stratification in U.S. Society
680:
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society
617:
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society
585:
Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society
881:
Who's Running America? The Bush Restoration, 7th edition
417:
that generate global-scale class divisions. Sociologist
61:
1034:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. p. 108.
1006:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. p. 101.
104:
Political cartoon from October 1884, showing wealthy
817:
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/power%20elite
108:
feasting at a table while a poor family begs beneath
4412:
4181:
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3361:
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2722:
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2465:
2432:
2358:
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2139:
2121:
2040:
1958:
1918:
1827:
1820:
1775:
1678:
1524:
1478:
704:
656:
27:Group or class of persons enjoying superior status
1191:... the U.S. raised taxes, took steps to protect
1025:
1023:
554:"ELITE | definition of the cambridge dictionary"
1228:Elite Foundations of Social Theory and Politics
726:Powell, Jason L.; Chamberlain, John M. (2007).
1144:Cousin, Bruno & SĂ©bastien Chauvin (2021).
905:
903:
901:
730:. In Ritzer, George; Ryan, J. Michael (eds.).
711:. New York, Oxford University Press. pp.
663:. New York, Oxford University Press. pp.
610:
608:
606:
604:
2700:
1417:
963:
50:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
3206:
2101:
1363:The Sociology of Elites: The study of elites
758:, Blackwell Publishing, 2007, pp. 3602-3603
3142:
3270:
2707:
2693:
2685:
2327:
2318:
2305:
1824:
1675:
1662:
1475:
1424:
1410:
1402:
1105:Ansell, Ben W.; Samuels, David J. (2015).
1055:Cousin, Bruno; Chauvin, SĂ©bastien (2021).
295:Corporate leaders aged about 60; heads of
1383:"Government Regulation Stages a Comeback"
1242:Elite configurations at the apex of power
88:Learn how and when to remove this message
1109:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4290:Reflections on the Revolution in France
974:
756:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
545:
1146:"Is there a global super-bourgeoisie?"
1057:"Is there a global super-bourgeoisie?"
734:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 466.
152:, or skill in a group. Defined by the
732:The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology
587:. Pearson Education Inc. p. 18.
7:
1203:writes, 'were borne by the American
4400:The End of History and the Last Man
4310:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
564:from the original on 3 January 2023
323:dominate in the power elite. While
1667:
25:
392:In the 1970s an organized set of
142:disproportionate amount of wealth
4370:The Open Society and Its Enemies
2669:
2668:
442:
41:
3177:Family as a model for the state
1187:, consented to reform... Under
1032:The Rise of the Network Society
1004:The Rise of the Network Society
424:The Rise of the Network Society
4527:Separation of church and state
4425:Collectivism and individualism
4380:The Origins of Totalitarianism
2310:
1:
4567:Category:Political philosophy
4440:Critique of political economy
804:Imperialism and World Economy
264:Imperialism and World Economy
4465:Institutional discrimination
4460:History of political thought
3192:Negative and positive rights
1260:Domhoff, G. William (1990).
1235:37 (1), Special Issue, 2012.
1141:37 (2), Special Issue, 2012.
499:International Debutante Ball
404:Global politics and hegemony
4608:Majorityâminority relations
4475:Justification for the state
4260:Two Treatises of Government
1387:Christian Scientist Monitor
64:, discuss the issue on the
4624:
3145:Bellum omnium contra omnes
1516:Weberian (three-component)
1281:Hartmann, Michael (2007).
1266:. Transaction Publishers.
1233:Historical Social Research
1139:Historical Social Research
949:Doob, Christopher (2012).
703:Mills, Charles W. (1956).
678:Doob, Christopher (2013).
655:Mills, Charles W. (1956).
615:Doob, Christopher (2013).
583:Doob, Christopher (2013).
170:United States universities
29:
4562:
2664:
2330:
2317:
2304:
1674:
1661:
1474:
1445:
1360:Scott, John, ed. (1990).
1030:Castells, Manuel (1996).
1002:Castells, Manuel (1996).
964:Jenkins & Eckert 2000
4350:The Revolt of the Masses
2638:Pre-industrial East Asia
1339:Rothkopf, David (2009).
1287:. Taylor & Francis.
849:10.1177/0170840613509919
335:, and 10 (2%) are Asian.
242:âs sociology textbooks,
4330:The Communist Manifesto
3256:Tyranny of the majority
3167:Consent of the governed
1686:Administrative detainee
1381:Francis, David (2007).
1316:10.1023/A:1007573625240
1284:The sociology of elites
3207:
3157:Clash of civilizations
3143:
2102:
1239:Dogan, Mattei (2003).
788:Who Rules America Now?
504:Invisible Class Empire
196:Harvard Club of Boston
137:
129:
109:
32:Elite (disambiguation)
3172:Divine right of kings
2643:Pre-industrial Europe
1189:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1168:Socio-Economic Review
161:American sociologist
103:
4320:Democracy in America
3699:political philosophy
3682:political philosophy
3497:political philosophy
3326:political philosophy
3236:Separation of powers
3197:Night-watchman state
3182:Monopoly on violence
2716:Political philosophy
2500: or countries
2311:By country or region
1549:Class discrimination
1195:, and established a
1185:Bolshevik revolution
878:Dye, Thomas (2002).
837:Organization Studies
558:Cambridge Dictionary
484:Elite overproduction
192:Princeton University
155:Cambridge Dictionary
70:create a new article
62:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
4510:Right-wing politics
4390:A Theory of Justice
4360:The Road to Serfdom
4280:The Social Contract
2987:Christian democracy
2032:Vanniar (Chieftain)
936:"Faith on the Hill"
188:Columbia University
4588:Political concepts
4522:Political violence
4517:Political theology
4500:Left-wing politics
4495:Political spectrum
2613:18th-century Spain
2467:Standard of living
2171:Upper middle class
2166:Lower middle class
1757:Political prisoner
1539:Chattering classes
1511:Spoon class theory
1304:Sociological Forum
1073:10.1111/soc4.12883
911:"Fortune 500 list"
784:Domhoff, William G
640:Mills, Charles W.
534:The powers that be
388:Impacts on economy
321:White Anglo-Saxons
262:in his 1929 work,
244:Who Rules America?
240:G. William Domhoff
180:Harvard University
110:
4575:
4574:
4485:Philosophy of law
4430:Conflict theories
4270:The Spirit of Law
4177:
4176:
3226:Original position
2682:
2681:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2493:
2492:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2194:Lumpenproletariat
1696:illegal immigrant
1657:
1656:
1569:Classless society
1373:978-1-85278-390-7
1352:978-0-374-53161-4
1294:978-0-415-41197-4
1273:978-0-202-30373-4
1252:978-90-04-12808-8
1209:Great Compression
1149:Sociology Compass
1061:Sociology Compass
938:. 4 January 2021.
884:. Prentice Hall.
800:Bukharin, Nikolai
741:978-1-4051-8353-6
689:978-0-205-79241-2
626:978-0-205-79241-2
594:978-0-205-79241-2
529:The Establishment
479:Conflict theories
430:global capitalism
396:promoted reduced
202:Elitist privilege
178:, which includes
98:
97:
90:
72:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
4615:
4490:Political ethics
4480:Machiavellianism
4420:Authoritarianism
4405:
4395:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4305:
4295:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4235:
4225:
4215:
4205:
4195:
3271:
3212:
3148:
3138:Balance of power
3112:Social democracy
3107:Social Darwinism
3082:Multiculturalism
3027:Environmentalism
3002:Communitarianism
2709:
2702:
2695:
2686:
2672:
2671:
2499:
2400:Mexican-American
2328:
2319:
2306:
2107:
2050:Business magnate
1940:Knowledge worker
1825:
1713:dual or multiple
1676:
1663:
1617:Social exclusion
1612:Social cleansing
1526:
1476:
1465:Economic classes
1426:
1419:
1412:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1377:
1366:. Edward Elgar.
1356:
1335:
1298:
1277:
1256:
1171:16 (2): 225-249.
1128:
1093:
1092:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1027:
1018:
1017:
999:
993:
986:Mills, Charles W
983:
977:
972:
966:
961:
955:
954:
946:
940:
939:
932:
926:
925:
923:
921:
907:
896:
895:
875:
869:
868:
834:
825:
819:
813:
807:
797:
791:
781:
775:
768:Mills, Charles W
765:
759:
752:
746:
745:
723:
717:
716:
710:
700:
694:
693:
675:
669:
668:
662:
652:
646:
645:
637:
631:
630:
612:
599:
598:
580:
574:
573:
571:
569:
550:
459:Alpha (ethology)
452:
447:
446:
382:Washington, D.C.
329:African American
258:anticipated the
256:Nikolai Bukharin
93:
86:
82:
79:
73:
45:
44:
37:
21:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4558:
4547:Totalitarianism
4408:
4403:
4393:
4383:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4343:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4303:
4293:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4253:
4243:
4233:
4223:
4220:Treatise on Law
4213:
4203:
4193:
4173:
3831:
3825:
3564:
3558:
3444:
3438:
3357:
3260:
3246:State of nature
3241:Social contract
3221:Ordered liberty
3209:Noblesse oblige
3126:
2960:
2889:
2718:
2713:
2683:
2678:
2652:
2601:
2489:
2461:
2428:
2412:Underprivileged
2354:
2313:
2312:
2288:
2218:
2175:
2135:
2117:
2036:
1954:
1914:
1816:
1771:
1670:
1669:
1653:
1632:Social position
1622:Social mobility
1520:
1470:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1338:
1301:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1238:
1213:political power
1154:Cousin, Bruno,
1117:
1104:
1101:
1099:Further reading
1096:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1001:
1000:
996:
990:The Power Elite
984:
980:
973:
969:
962:
958:
948:
947:
943:
934:
933:
929:
919:
917:
909:
908:
899:
892:
877:
876:
872:
832:
827:
826:
822:
814:
810:
798:
794:
782:
778:
772:The Power Elite
766:
762:
753:
749:
742:
725:
724:
720:
707:The Power Elite
702:
701:
697:
690:
677:
676:
672:
659:The Power Elite
654:
653:
649:
644:. pp. 4â5.
642:The Power Elite
639:
638:
634:
627:
614:
613:
602:
595:
582:
581:
577:
567:
565:
552:
551:
547:
543:
538:
524:Political class
448:
441:
438:
419:Manuel Castells
406:
390:
311:CEOs are women.
272:
204:
184:Yale University
172:
163:C. Wright Mills
150:political power
94:
83:
77:
74:
59:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4621:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Social justice
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4445:Egalitarianism
4442:
4437:
4435:Contractualism
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4386:
4376:
4366:
4356:
4346:
4336:
4326:
4316:
4306:
4296:
4286:
4276:
4266:
4256:
4246:
4236:
4226:
4216:
4206:
4196:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:Overton window
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3062:Libertarianism
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2633:Ottoman Empire
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Ancient Greece
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2592:United Kingdom
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2485:Home-ownership
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:American Dream
2337:
2331:
2325:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1831:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:Migrant worker
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1671:
1668:By demographic
1666:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1648:Status Anxiety
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:Ranked society
1599:
1594:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Class conflict
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1527: topics
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:Mudsill theory
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1378:
1372:
1357:
1351:
1336:
1310:(2): 307â338.
1299:
1293:
1278:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1236:
1220:
1180:The New Yorker
1172:
1152:
1142:
1129:
1115:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1047:
1041:978-1557866172
1040:
1019:
1013:978-1557866172
1012:
994:
978:
967:
956:
941:
927:
897:
890:
870:
843:(6): 825â855.
820:
808:
792:
776:
760:
747:
740:
718:
695:
688:
670:
647:
632:
625:
600:
593:
575:
544:
542:
539:
537:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
464:Boston Brahmin
461:
455:
454:
453:
450:Society portal
437:
434:
405:
402:
389:
386:
385:
384:
358:
353:
341:
336:
317:
312:
305:
300:
293:
284:George W. Bush
271:
268:
228:
227:
223:
219:
203:
200:
171:
168:
96:
95:
56:of the subject
54:worldwide view
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4620:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4603:Social status
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4470:Jurisprudence
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:Rights of Man
4297:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:De re publica
4207:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3830:20th and 21st
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
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3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:18th and 19th
3561:
3555:
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3550:
3547:
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3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Nizam al-Mulk
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
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3327:
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3141:
3139:
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3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Republicanism
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
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3075:
3073:
3070:
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3015:
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3008:
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2698:
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2649:
2646:
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2639:
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2629:
2626:
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2621:
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2616:
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2611:
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2608:
2604:
2598:
2597:United States
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
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2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
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2565:
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2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:Other regions
2496:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
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2437:
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2431:
2423:
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2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
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2351:
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2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:United States
2320:
2316:
2307:
2303:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
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1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1762:Socioeconomic
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:Social stigma
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:Social orphan
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:Nouveau riche
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:Class traitor
1557:
1555:
1554:Class society
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Gilbert model
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1345:. Macmillan.
1344:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:. The costs,
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:15 (6): 1â15.
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:9780521168793
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1067:(6): e12883.
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1005:
998:
995:
991:
987:
982:
979:
976:
971:
968:
965:
960:
957:
952:
945:
942:
937:
931:
928:
916:
912:
906:
904:
902:
898:
893:
891:9780130974624
887:
883:
882:
874:
871:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
831:
824:
821:
818:
812:
809:
805:
801:
796:
793:
790:(1997), p. 2.
789:
785:
780:
777:
773:
769:
764:
761:
757:
751:
748:
743:
737:
733:
729:
728:"Power elite"
722:
719:
714:
709:
708:
699:
696:
691:
685:
681:
674:
671:
666:
661:
660:
651:
648:
643:
636:
633:
628:
622:
618:
611:
609:
607:
605:
601:
596:
590:
586:
579:
576:
563:
559:
555:
549:
546:
540:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
514:Liberal elite
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
451:
445:
440:
435:
433:
431:
426:
425:
420:
416:
415:nation states
412:
403:
401:
399:
395:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:New York City
367:
363:
359:
357:
354:
351:
347:
342:
340:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
316:
313:
310:
306:
304:
301:
298:
294:
292:
289:
288:
287:
285:
281:
277:
269:
267:
265:
261:
257:
254:theoretician
253:
248:
245:
241:
237:
232:
224:
220:
217:
213:
212:
211:
209:
201:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
169:
167:
164:
159:
157:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
107:
102:
92:
89:
81:
71:
67:
63:
57:
55:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4593:Elite theory
4551:
4450:Elite theory
4398:
4388:
4378:
4368:
4358:
4348:
4338:
4328:
4318:
4308:
4298:
4288:
4278:
4268:
4258:
4248:
4238:
4228:
4218:
4208:
4198:
4188:
3487:Guicciardini
3443:Early modern
3266:Philosophers
3216:Open society
3152:Body politic
3022:Distributism
3012:Conservatism
3007:Confucianism
2926:Gerontocracy
2916:Dictatorship
2870:Sovereigntyâ
2860:Ruling class
2750:Emancipation
2744:
2735:Citizenshipâ
2648:Soviet Union
2623:Ancient Rome
2480:Homelessness
2405:Upper Middle
2277: /
2258: /
2249: /
2214:Working poor
2110:
2097:Robber baron
2054:
1920:Intellectual
1910:Royal family
1874:Ancient Rome
1728:second-class
1646:
1589:
1588: /
1583:
1579:High society
1486:Elite theory
1463:
1456:
1449:
1436:Social class
1391:. Retrieved
1386:
1362:
1341:
1307:
1303:
1283:
1262:
1241:
1227:
1223:Jan Pakulski
1217:gerontocracy
1205:ruling class
1197:minimum wage
1178:
1166:
1160:Ashley Mears
1148:
1133:
1106:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1031:
1003:
997:
989:
981:
975:Francis 2007
970:
959:
950:
944:
930:
918:. Retrieved
914:
880:
873:
840:
836:
823:
811:
803:
795:
787:
779:
771:
763:
755:
750:
731:
721:
706:
698:
679:
673:
658:
650:
641:
635:
616:
584:
578:
566:. Retrieved
557:
548:
489:Elite theory
422:
407:
391:
362:social clubs
356:Social clubs
355:
346:universities
338:
314:
302:
290:
275:
273:
263:
260:elite theory
249:
236:ruling class
233:
229:
216:World War II
205:
173:
160:
153:
121:
120:theory, the
118:sociological
111:
84:
75:
51:
4324:(1835â1840)
4204:(c. 350 BC)
4194:(c. 375 BC)
3811:Tocqueville
3776:Saint-Simon
3741:Montesquieu
3592:Bolingbroke
3524:Machiavelli
3404:Ibn Khaldun
3369:Alpharabius
3362:Middle Ages
3187:Natural law
3162:Common good
3087:Nationalism
3047:Imperialism
3017:Corporatism
2992:Colonialism
2972:Agrarianism
2951:Technocracy
2931:Meritocracy
2911:Bureaucracy
2901:Aristocracy
2567:New Zealand
2284:Untouchable
2209:Proletariat
2199:Pea-pickers
2149:Bourgeoisie
1837:Aristocracy
1723:naturalized
1718:native-born
1175:Osnos, Evan
1156:Shamus Khan
920:14 November
469:Bourgeoisie
348:with large
325:Protestants
319:In the US,
309:Fortune 500
297:foundations
276:power elite
270:Power elite
234:Unlike the
226:supportive.
18:Power elite
4582:Categories
4532:Separatism
4340:On Liberty
4240:The Prince
3969:Huntington
3472:Campanella
3399:al-Ghazali
3348:Thucydides
3306:Lactantius
3251:Statolatry
3077:Monarchism
3057:Liberalism
2982:Capitalism
2965:Ideologies
2946:Plutocracy
2894:Government
2850:Revolution
2835:Propaganda
2785:Legitimacy
2760:Government
2557:Luxembourg
2447:Inequality
2112:Superclass
1903:Hereditary
1879:Post-Roman
1870:Patrician
1740:adolescent
1564:Classicide
1393:5 December
541:References
519:Plutocracy
421:writes in
411:capitalism
350:endowments
176:Ivy League
106:plutocrats
4598:Oligarchy
4250:Leviathan
4230:Monarchia
4224:(c. 1274)
4059:Oakeshott
4004:Mansfield
3999:Luxemburg
3984:Kropotkin
3879:Bernstein
3832:centuries
3746:Nietzsche
3689:Jefferson
3617:Condorcet
3565:centuries
3544:Pufendorf
3409:Marsilius
3296:Confucius
3281:Aristotle
3274:Antiquity
3202:Noble lie
3122:Third Way
3117:Socialism
3042:Feudalism
2997:Communism
2977:Anarchism
2956:Theocracy
2941:Oligarchy
2921:Democracy
2906:Autocracy
2820:Pluralism
2805:Obedience
2770:Hierarchy
2730:Authority
2582:Sri Lanka
2475:Education
2442:Household
2335:Affluence
2270:Rat tribe
2232:Ant tribe
2204:Precariat
2189:Lazzaroni
2131:Bohemians
2092:Overclass
2087:Old money
2023:Spartiate
1998:Kshatriya
1988:Hashashin
1945:Professor
1886:Political
1859:Oligarchy
1849:Hanseaten
1767:Stateless
1747:Convicted
1679:By status
1642:Subaltern
1574:Euthenics
1506:New class
1332:141188855
1245:. BRILL.
1125:900952620
1089:234861167
1081:1751-9020
865:145716192
857:0170-8406
339:Education
315:Ethnicity
222:spending.
146:privilege
114:political
78:July 2023
66:talk page
4505:Centrism
4200:Politics
4190:Republic
4159:Voegelin
4139:Spengler
4124:Shariati
4099:Rothbard
4054:Nussbaum
3954:Habermas
3929:Fukuyama
3919:Foucault
3844:Ambedkar
3821:Voltaire
3791:de Staël
3766:Rousseau
3647:Franklin
3622:Constant
3582:Beccaria
3414:Muhammad
3394:Gelasius
3379:Averroes
3353:Xenophon
3333:Polybius
3286:Chanakya
3131:Concepts
3097:Populism
3067:Localism
3052:Islamism
3037:Feminism
2936:Monarchy
2840:Property
2830:Progress
2795:Monopoly
2765:Hegemony
2674:Category
2606:Historic
2527:Colombia
2517:Cambodia
2452:Personal
2350:Mobility
2279:Freedman
2265:Plebeian
2251:Prisoner
2237:Commoner
2123:Creative
2104:Seigneur
2070:Nobility
2028:Vanniyar
2013:Pendekar
1973:Cossacks
1607:Snobbery
1479:Theories
1162:(2018).
992:, p 288.
774:, p 147.
568:29 April
562:Archived
436:See also
394:policies
60:You may
4542:Statism
4455:Elitism
4413:Related
4214:(51 BC)
4144:Strauss
4119:Scruton
4114:Schmitt
4104:Russell
4024:Michels
4019:Maurras
4014:Marcuse
3974:Kautsky
3944:Gramsci
3939:Gentile
3909:Dworkin
3899:Du Bois
3894:Dmowski
3889:Chomsky
3884:Burnham
3869:Benoist
3839:Agamben
3806:Thoreau
3796:Stirner
3786:Spencer
3731:Mazzini
3721:Maistre
3716:Madison
3711:Le Play
3642:Fourier
3607:Carlyle
3587:Bentham
3577:Bastiat
3572:Bakunin
3549:Spinoza
3539:MĂŒntzer
3509:Leibniz
3482:Grotius
3462:Bossuet
3429:Plethon
3374:Aquinas
3343:Sun Tzu
3311:Mencius
3301:Han Fei
3072:Marxism
3032:Fascism
2865:Society
2790:Liberty
2775:Justice
2755:Freedom
2577:Romania
2572:Nigeria
2457:Poverty
2360:Classes
2345:History
2256:Peasant
2242:Outcast
2181:Working
2161:Burgher
2018:Samurai
2008:OcÄlĆtl
1968:Chhetri
1960:Warrior
1950:Scholar
1864:Russian
1854:Magnate
1842:Aristoi
1821:By type
1708:Citizen
1701:refugee
1597:Poverty
1591:Parvenu
1525:Related
1496:Marxian
1458:Stratum
1201:Turchin
915:Fortune
713:274â276
509:Jet set
494:Elitism
374:Chicago
252:Marxist
208:elitist
138:eligere
132:, from
4404:(1992)
4394:(1971)
4384:(1951)
4374:(1945)
4364:(1944)
4354:(1929)
4344:(1859)
4334:(1848)
4314:(1820)
4304:(1791)
4294:(1790)
4284:(1762)
4274:(1748)
4264:(1689)
4254:(1651)
4244:(1532)
4234:(1313)
4164:Walzer
4154:Taylor
4109:Sartre
4074:Popper
4069:Pareto
4064:Ortega
4049:Nozick
4039:Mouffe
3989:Laclau
3949:Guénon
3934:Gandhi
3874:Berlin
3864:Bauman
3859:Badiou
3849:Arendt
3816:Tucker
3706:Le Bon
3667:Herder
3657:Haller
3652:Godwin
3637:Fichte
3632:Engels
3627:Cortés
3597:Bonald
3554:SuĂĄrez
3529:Milton
3519:Luther
3492:Hobbes
3477:Filmer
3467:Calvin
3452:Boétie
3445:period
3424:Ockham
3291:Cicero
3092:Nazism
2880:Utopia
2855:Rights
2845:Regime
2815:People
2800:Nation
2532:France
2512:Belize
2507:Africa
2434:Income
2390:Middle
2383:Gentry
2247:Outlaw
2154:Petite
2141:Middle
2075:Landed
2060:Gentry
1993:Knight
1933:Priest
1928:Clergy
1891:Family
1829:Ruling
1778:collar
1735:Clique
1451:Status
1370:
1349:
1330:
1324:684818
1322:
1291:
1270:
1249:
1193:unions
1158:&
1123:
1113:
1087:
1079:
1038:
1010:
888:
863:
855:
806:(1929)
738:
686:
623:
591:
380:, and
378:Boston
366:London
333:Latino
303:Gender
166:role.
126:French
4553:Index
4182:Works
4169:Weber
4134:Spann
4129:Sorel
4094:Röpke
4089:Rawls
4044:Negri
4034:Mosca
4029:Mises
3994:Lenin
3964:Hoppe
3959:Hayek
3924:Fromm
3914:Evola
3904:Dugin
3801:Taine
3781:Smith
3761:Renan
3756:Paine
3677:Iqbal
3662:Hegel
3612:Comte
3602:Burke
3514:Locke
3504:James
3457:Bodin
3389:Dante
3384:Bruni
3338:Shang
3321:Plato
2875:State
2825:Power
2810:Peace
2745:Elite
2723:Terms
2628:Aztec
2587:Tibet
2562:Nepal
2552:Italy
2542:India
2537:Haiti
2522:China
2422:Under
2417:Lower
2395:Black
2378:Donor
2373:Black
2368:Upper
2275:Slave
2224:Under
2080:Petty
2055:Elite
2042:Upper
1983:Harii
1978:CuÄuh
1812:White
1792:Green
1691:Alien
1534:Caste
1328:S2CID
1320:JSTOR
1085:S2CID
861:S2CID
833:(PDF)
665:63â67
474:Cabal
398:taxes
280:media
134:Latin
130:Ă©lite
122:elite
68:, or
4084:Rand
4079:Qutb
3979:Kirk
3854:Aron
3771:Sade
3751:Owen
3736:Mill
3726:Marx
3694:Kant
3672:Hume
3534:More
3434:Wang
3316:Mozi
2740:Duty
2547:Iran
2260:Serf
2065:Lord
2003:Nair
1896:List
1807:Pink
1797:Grey
1787:Blue
1776:By "
1395:2012
1389:: 14
1368:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1121:OCLC
1111:ISBN
1077:ISSN
1036:ISBN
1008:ISBN
922:2017
886:ISBN
853:ISSN
736:ISBN
684:ISBN
621:ISBN
589:ISBN
570:2024
274:The
250:The
190:and
116:and
4149:Sun
4009:Mao
2885:War
2780:Law
1802:New
1312:doi
1069:doi
845:doi
291:Age
112:In
4584::
1385:.
1326:.
1318:.
1308:15
1306:.
1231:.
1137:.
1119:.
1083:.
1075:.
1065:15
1063:.
1059:.
1022:^
988:.
913:.
900:^
859:.
851:.
841:35
839:.
835:.
802:.
786:,
770:.
603:^
560:.
556:.
376:,
372:,
368:,
186:,
182:,
148:,
144:,
136::
128::
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2701:t
2694:v
2030:/
1780:"
1425:e
1418:t
1411:v
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1355:.
1334:.
1314::
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34:.
20:)
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