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Water Spider sits and waits while listening to her fellows. As they finish and wrestle with their fears, she steps forward and announces that she will be the one to bring fire back. As they laugh and doubt her, she weaves a bowl out of her web, using it to sail across the water to retrieve the fire. She brings back a hot coal out of which the animals make fire, and they celebrate her honor and bravery.
1371:
1203:
64:
497:
The story that underlies these teaches the importance of patience and listening. It follows the Water Spider's journey to retrieve fire so that the other animals can survive the cold. As the other animals step forth one after another to proclaim that they shall be the ones to retrieve the fire, the
493:
The
Potawatomi teach their children about the "Seven Grandfather Teachings" of wisdom, respect, love, honesty, humility, bravery, and truth toward each other and all creation. Each principle teaches the equality and importance of their fellow tribesmen and respect for all of nature's creations.
862:
359:
most from their lands east of the
Mississippi River to Indian Territory - first in Kansas, Nebraska, and last to Oklahoma. Some bands survived in the Great Lakes region and today are federally recognized as tribes, in addition to the Potawatomi in Oklahoma.
2037:
The
Potawatomi first lived in Lower Michigan, then moved to northern Wisconsin and eventually settled into northern Indiana and central Illinois. In the early 19th century, major portions of Potawatomi lands were seized by the US government. Following the
714:
were signed. The US recognized the
Potawatomi as a single tribe. They often had a few tribal leaders whom all villages accepted. The Potawatomi had a decentralized society, with several main divisions based on geographic locations:
2042:
in 1833, by which the tribe ceded its lands in
Illinois, most of the Potawatomi people were removed to Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi River. Many perished en route to new lands in the west on their journey through
1128:, negotiated in 1833 for the tribes by Caldwell and Robinson. In return for land cessions, the US promised new lands, annuities and supplies to enable the peoples to develop new homes. The Illinois Potawatomi were removed to
564:
developed. Led by the chiefs
Blackbird and Nuscotomeg (Mad Sturgeon), a force of about 500 warriors attacked the United States evacuation column leaving Fort Dearborn. They killed most of the civilians and 54 of Captain
3268:
2365:
3775:
3747:
3339:
3203:
1136:, both west of the Mississippi River. Often annuities and supplies were reduced, or late in arrival, and the Potawatomi suffered after their relocations. Those in Kansas were later removed to
3795:
658:
was an attempt by Native
Americans to push the British and other European settlers out of their territory. The Potawatomi captured every British frontier garrison but the one at Detroit.
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591:, Black Partridge), counseled his fellow warriors against the attack. Later he saved some of the civilian captives who were being ransomed by the Potawatomi.
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3181:
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The
Potawatomi nation continued to grow and expanded westward from Detroit, most notably in the development of the St. Joseph villages adjacent to the
4914:
4845:
3554:
2326:
3815:
2501:
Humphries, Maria; Verbos, Amy Klemm (2014-08-01). "A Native
American Relational Ethic: An Indigenous Perspective on Teaching Human Responsibility".
1499:
3820:
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2480:
2014:
is part of their traditional cuisine, and is eaten fresh, dried, and canned. They also use the root bark of the plant for an unspecified ailment.
1117:(1829), by which they ceded most of their lands in Wisconsin and Michigan. Some Potawatomi became religious followers of the "Kickapoo Prophet",
346:(Ottawa). In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi are considered the "youngest brother". Their people are referred to in this context as
4136:
3273:
2375:
1444:
355:
In the 19th century, some bands of
Potawatomi were pushed to the west by European/American encroachment. In the 1830s the federal government
295:
4756:
4237:
3574:
2163:. As of 2001, there were fewer than 1,300 people who speak Potawatomi as a first language, most of them elderly. The people are working to
756:
514:
The Potawatomi are first mentioned in French records, which suggest that in the early 17th century, they lived in what is now southwestern
3494:
818:
603:
period of contact began with early explorers who reached the Potawatomi in western Michigan. They also found the tribe located along the
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4415:
3856:
3367:
3258:
3785:
3514:
3278:
2370:
2360:
2179:
1454:
1414:
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and the United States as power relations shifted between the nations, and they calculated effects on their trade and land interests.
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1114:
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1317:
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The removal period of Potawatomi history began with the treaties of the late 1820s, when the United States created reservations.
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732:
679:
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1837:
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1529:
1426:
38:
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3790:
3248:
3243:
2380:
2145:
2004:
1420:
369:
1121:. Over the years, the US reduced the size of the reservations under pressure for land by incoming European Americans.
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2355:
2340:
2175:
2048:
2026:
1466:
1149:
665:
in southwestern Michigan. The Wisconsin communities continued and moved south along the Lake Michigan shoreline.
534:, who were seeking expanded hunting grounds. It is estimated that the Potawatomi numbered around 3,000 in 1658,.
523:
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3534:
4840:
4339:
4262:
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3544:
3499:
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1523:
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1008:
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4460:
4297:
4292:
4088:
3474:
2437:
2385:
1832:
1551:
1545:
1152:. Petit died while returning to Indiana. His diary was published in 1941 by the Indiana Historical Society.
834:
582:
578:
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3449:
3444:
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2030:
2010:
1241:
1182:
914:
728:
703:
691:
655:
424:
335:
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423:
of the Ojibwe form. Their name means "those who tend the hearth-fire," which refers to the hearth of the
4435:
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3094:
2783:
2247:
1482:
647:
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and established the United States' interest in the lower Great Lakes. It lasted until the treaties for
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4024:
3459:
2194:
2148:
1998:
1513:
1287:
629:
315:
291:
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4202:
4156:
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2334:
2274:
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2198:
2168:
2127:
1430:
1291:
1113:
and Alexander Robinson negotiated for the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa and Potowatomi in the
651:
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The British period of contact began when France ceded its lands after its defeat by Britain in the
531:
440:
384:
311:
221:
155:
31:
3166:
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4389:
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3634:
3614:
3524:
2804:
2779:
2518:
1245:
307:
4267:
1374:
Ed Pigeon, Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish cultural coordinator and language instructor, with son, 2006
2022:
4490:
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3984:
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3629:
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752:
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303:
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3589:
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2765:
2510:
2229:
2164:
1988:
1137:
1041:
1035:
1002:
740:
241:
226:
151:
894:"Difficult Current") was the brother of Gomo who was chief among the Lake Peoria Potawatomi
352:, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and refers to the council fire of three peoples.
4774:
4511:
4430:
4399:
4344:
4207:
4197:
4151:
4068:
4029:
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3429:
3399:
3120:
2299:
2287:
1517:
1503:
1255:
1213:
1206:
388:
375:
2586:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press (Civilization of the American Indian Series);
1155:
Many Potawatomi found ways to remain, primarily those in Michigan. Others fled to their
4779:
4686:
4681:
4651:
4131:
4078:
4073:
3992:
3956:
3872:
3714:
3669:
3664:
3594:
3559:
2186:
1982:
1434:
1370:
1145:
1110:
930:
796:
748:
736:
711:
604:
550:
356:
2656:
2426:
1378:
607:
of Wisconsin. By the end of the French period, the Potawatomi had begun a move to the
4893:
4324:
4314:
4182:
3974:
3539:
3509:
3504:
3389:
2522:
2400:
2305:
2281:
1268:
984:
979:
973:
662:
557:
97:
4769:
4666:
4661:
4636:
3920:
3887:
3654:
3489:
3479:
2861:
2293:
2263:
1490:
1167:
1017:
744:
570:
566:
299:
2759:
1986:
as their tribal flower and consider it to have come directly from their divinity.
17:
4812:
4691:
4646:
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4121:
4116:
4012:
3900:
2190:
2152:
1486:
1307:
963:
881:
861:
577:
to be killed in combat, died in this ambush. The incident is referred to as the
546:
519:
479:
330:
210:
194:
167:
2466:, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 725
4641:
4631:
4272:
4252:
3938:
3915:
3454:
2514:
2316:
2217:
2171:
1382:
1202:
1144:). The removal of the Indiana Potawatomi was documented by a Catholic priest,
574:
63:
556:
At the time of the War of 1812, a band of Potawatomi inhabited the area near
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4807:
4721:
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4656:
4308:
4002:
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3764:
3758:
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2225:
2002:
with lard and use it as salve to massage sore muscles and tendons. They use
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846:
800:
720:
716:
175:
171:
117:
2824:
4609:
4227:
4016:
3997:
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3841:
3424:
3359:
3350:
3214:
3087:
2213:
2209:
1993:
1470:
1141:
1129:
1118:
904:
865:
616:
538:
527:
515:
121:
113:
109:
3066:
Smith, Huron H. (1933). "Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians".
3018:
4746:
4701:
4676:
4621:
4583:
3905:
3549:
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1507:
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in 1838, where they lived at what was known as Caldwell's Camp. Father
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325:
138:
101:
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3519:
2661:(in English and French). Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Historical Society
2156:
1841:
1386:
1133:
702:
The United States treaty period of Potawatomi history began with the
600:
339:
134:
105:
3172:
Treaty Between the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians
3113:
2719:
2047:, Kansas, and Indian Territory, following what became known as the "
3171:
849:(Wabenizhi, 'He Causes Paleness,' related to 'waben' meaning dawn.)
3930:
3469:
3394:
2021:
1377:
1369:
1286:(Billy Caldwell) removed his band ultimately to what would become
1201:
1156:
1088:
1080:
1075:
860:
505:
343:
3161:
3156:
4613:
3135:
2366:
Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan
2189:; it also has borrowed a considerable amount of vocabulary from
2044:
4553:
3845:
3729:
3321:
3185:
3125:
2266:(Potawatomi/Odawa/Ojibwe): basket maker, painter, and educator.
852:
Waweachsetoh along with La Gesse, Gomo or Masemo (Resting Fish)
2155:
in Michigan and Wisconsin. It is also spoken by Potawatomi in
334:. The Potawatomi are part of a long-term alliance, called the
3130:
3107:
2296:: the Oklahoman artist who revived traditional Caddo pottery.
1067:, "Catfish")—allied with the Americans during the War of 1812
2682:"True Indian stories: with glossary of Indiana Indian names"
2302:: chief justice of Citizen Potawatomi Nation (2010–present).
2244:: played for the New York Knicks and the Washington Wizards.
1847:
2208:
have names derived from the Potawatomi language, including
2197:, the Potawatomi language exhibits a great amount of vowel
1992:
is consumed in traditional Potawatomi cuisine. They mix an
1055:, "Catfish")—allied with the British during the War of 1812
274:
268:
253:
3177:
Potawatomi Migration from Wisconsin and Michigan to Canada
2308:: head of the Potawatomi of the Saint Joseph River Valley.
2290:: head of the Potawatomi in the Saint Joseph River Valley.
427:. The word comes from "to tend the hearth-fire," which is
262:
247:
3151:
1294:
established a mission there that was active in 1837–1839.
3146:
2193:. Like the Odawa language, or the Ottawa dialect of the
762:
The chiefs listed below are grouped by geographic area.
30:
This article is about the people. For the language, see
2764:. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
2083:(until) with Hochunk (Winnebago) west of Green Bay, WI
3068:
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee
2284:: the "Hereditary and Last Chief" of the Pokagon Band.
1840:(1736) and Morgan (1877) mention among the Potawatomi
899:
Kankakee River (Iroquois and Yellow Rivers) Potawatomi
2998:
The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice
2785:
Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico
2132:
Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie; in Potawatomi
1159:
neighbors or to Canada to avoid removal to the west.
259:
3043:"Learning the Language – Pokagon Band of Potawatomi"
2477:"Three Fires Council – CPN Cultural Heritage Center"
2167:, as evidenced by recent efforts such as the online
265:
250:
244:
4869:
4826:
4793:
4755:
4608:
4590:
4499:
4408:
4220:
4170:
4087:
4049:
4042:
4011:
3983:
3965:
3947:
3929:
3886:
3879:
3573:
3366:
3297:
3224:
3114:
First Nations Compact Histories: Potawatomi History
2658:
The trail of death; letters of Benjamin Marie Petit
271:
256:
217:
201:
185:
161:
145:
83:
73:
52:
37:"Pottawatomie" redirects here. For other uses, see
2425:
2256:(born 1944 – son of a Potawatomi woman): Catholic
1022:Kewanna (1790?–1840s?) (Prairie Chicken) Eel River
611:area, leaving the large communities in Wisconsin.
2761:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico: N-Z
541:'s Confederacy, Potawatomi warriors took part in
2977:Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
1337:
1326:
1301:
1229:
1193:
1176:
1092:
1062:
1050:
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889:
873:
838:
825:
781:
685:
586:
471:
465:
459:
434:
428:
414:
408:
402:
2185:The Potawatomi language is most similar to the
2178:or the various resources available through the
1399:There are several active bands of Potawatomi.
549:. Their alliances switched repeatedly between
458:Alternatively, the Potawatomi call themselves
4565:
3857:
3741:
3333:
3197:
1477:Canada – First Nations with Potawatomi people
374:The English "Potawatomi" is derived from the
8:
4856:Joseph K. Lumsden Bahweting Anishnabe School
3136:Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi
2637:
477:
450:
444:
392:
378:
47:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2458:Clifton, James A. (1978). "Potawatomi." In
1542:island between the United States and Canada
4572:
4558:
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4046:
3883:
3864:
3850:
3842:
3748:
3734:
3726:
3340:
3326:
3318:
3204:
3190:
3182:
2809:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2337:(allotment of Cherokee Outlet reservation)
1216:(1791?–1841) Twin Lakes of Marshall County
62:
46:
27:Native American people of the Great Plains
2996:Hinton, Leanne and Hale, Kenneth (2001).
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2327:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
1554:, Christian Island, Georgian Bay, Ontario
3103:Hannahville Indian Community; Wilson, MI
2053:
1562:
1500:Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation
1410:Potawatomi tribes in the United States:
907:, also known as Webebeset ("Crafty One")
397:). The Potawatomi name for themselves (
2417:
2075:Islands of Door Peninsula, WI (1st Fr)
698:United States treaty period (1783–1830)
2964:Great Lakes Indians: A Pictorial Guide
2862:"Nishnabek Potawatomi Portal Websites"
2802:
996:Tippecanoe and Wabash River Potawatomi
510:Regalia at the Field Museum in Chicago
182:
3147:Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi
3131:Kettle & Stony Point First Nation
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2376:Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi
1445:Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi
1148:, who accompanied the Indians on the
7:
3098:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3000:, p. 342. Emerald Group Publishing.
2688:from the original on 23 October 2023
2584:The Potawatomis: Keepers of the Fire
2446:participating institution membership
812:Des Plaines and Fox River Potawatomi
84:Regions with significant populations
4930:Native American tribes in Wisconsin
4727:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
2872:from the original on 9 January 2006
2758:Hodge, Frederick Webb, ed. (1910).
2680:Dunn, Jacob Piatt (28 March 2018).
2462:, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of
1524:Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point
1463:, Kansas (and since 2024 Illinois).
1105:American removal period (1830–1840)
690:, "the Swan") at St. Joseph during
569:'s force, and wounded many others.
4950:Native American tribes in Nebraska
4935:Native American tribes in Oklahoma
4925:Native American tribes in Michigan
4920:Native American tribes in Illinois
3655:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)
3219:Native American tribes in Michigan
3152:Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians
2714:Sultzman, Lee (18 December 1998).
2464:Handbook of North American Indians
2371:Forest County Potawatomi Community
2361:Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians
2272:: botanist and writer – author of
2180:Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians
1455:Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians
1429:of Pottawatomi (also known as the
1415:Forest County Potawatomi Community
443:; the Ojibwe and Ottawa forms are
68:Potawatomi at a rain dance in 1920
25:
4945:Native American tribes in Indiana
4836:Anishinabek Educational Institute
4532:Fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien
3086:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1461:Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation
1115:Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien
946:St. Joseph and Elkhart Potawatomi
650:(the North American front of the
318:. The Potawatomi call themselves
4915:Native American tribes in Kansas
4527:First Treaty of Prairie du Chien
3757:
3349:
3213:
3157:Potawatomi Author Larry Mitchell
3019:"Potawatomi Language Dictionary"
2835:from the original on 18 May 2024
2319:
1001:Aubenaubee (1761–1837/8) on the
240:
127:
90:
2792:from the original on 2018-12-13
2483:from the original on 2023-09-29
1234:, "Black Wolf") of Nottawasippi
786:: "Le Tourneau" or "Blackbird")
310:. They traditionally speak the
3162:Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation
2351:Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation
1132:and the Indiana Potawatomi to
913:Notawkah (Rattlesnake) on the
669:Nanaquiba (Water Moccasin) at
526:to escape attacks by both the
1:
4687:Mishi-ginebig ("great snake")
4395:Wisconsin Heights Battlefield
3142:Moose Deer Point First Nation
2975:Moseley, Christopher (2007).
2608:Lake County, Illinois History
1770:
1530:Moose Deer Point First Nation
1427:Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band
1390:
1272:
1259:
1100:Wabnaneme on the Pigeon River
1007:Askum (More and More) on the
522:they fled to the area around
485:, meaning "original people."
39:Pottawatomie (disambiguation)
4846:Canadian residential schools
3167:Treaties with the Potawatomi
3023:www.potawatomidictionary.com
2381:Hannahville Indian Community
2159:, Oklahoma, and in southern
2068:East of Michilimackinac, MI
2005:Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
1421:Hannahville Indian Community
1124:The final step followed the
807:: "Englishman") (1780–1841)
370:List of Potawatomi ethnonyms
4486:Battle of Wisconsin Heights
4446:Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
2966:. Baker Book House Company.
2962:Kubiak, William J. (1970).
2391:Walpole Island First Nation
2115:on St. Joseph River, MI/IN
1819:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1760:
1748:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1682:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1536:Walpole Island First Nation
1457:, Michigan and Indiana; and
581:. A Potawatomi chief named
4966:
4522:Treaty of St. Louis (1804)
4476:Battle of Apple River Fort
4288:Stillman's Run Battle Site
3763:Native American tribes in
3089:"Potawatomi Indians"
2950:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2902:
2890:
2788:. Washington. p. 50.
2582:Edmunds, R. David (1988).
2503:Journal of Business Ethics
2346:Treaty with the Potawatomi
2258:Archbishop of Philadelphia
2125:
2099:Mouth of Green Bay, WI/MI
1830:
1013:George Cicott (1800?–1833)
988:
885:
767:Treaty with the Potawatomi
764:
708:American Revolutionary War
642:British period (1763–1783)
367:
36:
29:
4851:Hannahville Indian School
4466:Battle of Kellogg's Grove
3771:
3108:Citizen Potawatomi Nation
2696:– via Google Books.
2515:10.1007/s10551-013-1790-3
2433:Oxford English Dictionary
2396:Wiikwemkoong First Nation
2356:Citizen Potawatomi Nation
2341:Potawatomi Trail of Death
2176:Citizen Potawatomi Nation
2151:and is spoken around the
2008:as a fumigating reviver.
1467:Citizen Potawatomi Nation
1342:(Snapping Turtle) on the
1300:(19th century – 1841) or
1198:, "Having a Bear's Foot")
1150:Potawatomi Trail of Death
925:, "Mad Sturgeon") on the
857:Illinois River Potawatomi
751:and Lake Peoria, and the
595:French period (1615–1763)
166:
150:
88:
78:
61:
4861:U.S. residential schools
4841:Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School
4456:Battle of Horseshoe Bend
4421:Battle of Stillman's Run
3269:Match-e-be-nash-she-wish
3126:Forest County Potawatomi
2655:Petit, Benjamin (1941).
2641:McPherson, Alan (1993).
1449:Calhoun County, Michigan
1439:Allegan County, Michigan
957:: "Little Duck") on the
573:, the first graduate of
537:As an important part of
4471:Attack at Ament's Cabin
4461:Battle of Waddams Grove
3620:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
2643:Indian Names in Indiana
2438:Oxford University Press
2386:Wasauksing First Nation
2165:revitalize the language
1874:(Thunderer, i.e. Crane)
1833:Anishinaabe clan system
1552:Beausoleil First Nation
1548:, Parry Island, Ontario
1546:Wasauksing First Nation
1338:
1327:
1302:
1230:
1194:
1177:
1093:
1063:
1051:
987:(He who sits Quietly) (
968:
953:
937:
921:
890:
874:
839:
826:
782:
686:
628:"Shimmering Light") at
587:
579:Battle of Fort Dearborn
476:), a cognate of Ojibwe
472:
466:
460:
435:
429:
415:
409:
403:
393:
4657:Grand Medicine Society
4451:Spafford Farm massacre
3873:Black Hawk War of 1832
3356:Native American tribes
2034:
2031:Warren County, Indiana
2011:Vaccinium myrtilloides
1396:
1375:
1331:, "White Dog") on the
1306:(Vision of a Lion) at
1209:
1084:
972:: "Five-coin") on the
910:Micsawbee 19th century
868:
511:
478:
451:
445:
425:Council of Three Fires
379:
336:Council of Three Fires
225: (
209: (
193: (
4436:Indian Creek massacre
3095:Catholic Encyclopedia
2250:, artist and animator
2248:Tank Standing Buffalo
2091:Sault Ste. Marie, MI
2025:
1483:Caldwell First Nation
1381:
1373:
1316:(The Younger) on the
1205:
1079:
1072:Fort Wayne Potawatomi
1034:(1790s–1830s) on the
864:
833:Mukatapenaise, a.k.a
648:French and Indian War
509:
4940:Algonquian ethnonyms
4717:Seven fires prophecy
4481:Sinsinawa Mound raid
4426:Buffalo Grove ambush
3650:Mescalero-Chiricahua
3405:Cheyenne and Arapaho
3226:Federally recognized
2979:, p. 74. Routledge.
2866:First Nation Seekers
2716:"Potawatomi History"
2222:Pottawattamie County
2195:Anishinaabe language
2138:Bodéwadmi Zheshmowen
2107:Milwaukee River, WI
1999:Uvularia grandiflora
1514:Saugeen First Nation
1408:Federally recognized
1288:Council Bluffs, Iowa
878:: "Black Partridge")
772:Milwaukee Potawatomi
615:Madouche during the
4737:Traditional beliefs
4507:Black Hawk Purchase
4365:Hamilton's Diggings
4203:Joseph Throckmorton
4157:James W. Stephenson
4127:William S. Hamilton
3796:Lac Courte Oreilles
2780:Powell, John Wesley
2436:(Online ed.).
2335:Cherokee Commission
2275:Braiding Sweetgrass
2270:Robin Wall Kimmerer
2204:Many places in the
2169:Potawatomi language
2149:Algonquian language
2128:Potawatomi language
1292:Pierre-Jean De Smet
1025:Kinkash (see Askum)
692:Pontiac's Rebellion
675:Ninivois at Detroit
656:Pontiac's Rebellion
532:Neutral Confederacy
441:Potawatomi language
312:Potawatomi language
49:
32:Potawatomi language
4910:Great Lakes tribes
4905:Algonquian peoples
4770:Birch bark scrolls
4742:Underwater panther
4441:St. Vrain massacre
4305:Michigan Territory
3831:Stockbridge–Munsee
3420:Citizen Potawatomi
3274:Nottawaseppi Huron
3119:2008-06-11 at the
3110:, official website
2260:from 2011 to 2020.
2035:
1397:
1376:
1246:Rochester, Indiana
1210:
1085:
888:1831) (Petacho or
869:
791:Chicago Potawatomi
706:, which ended the
512:
464:(without syncope:
433:(without syncope:
407:(without syncope:
314:, a member of the
308:Great Lakes region
4887:
4886:
4547:
4546:
4491:Battle of Bad Axe
4416:Minor engagements
4216:
4215:
4038:
4037:
3839:
3838:
3723:
3722:
3645:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
3385:Alabama-Quassarte
3315:
3314:
2444:(Subscription or
2254:Charles J. Chaput
2236:Potawatomi people
2119:
2118:
2040:Treaty of Chicago
1972:
1971:
1824:
1823:
1433:tribe), based in
1181:, "Big Foot") at
1126:Treaty of Chicago
1083:lithograph (1842)
316:Algonquian family
304:Mississippi River
233:
232:
181:
180:
18:Potawatomi people
16:(Redirected from
4957:
4803:Birchbark biting
4614:myth and stories
4574:
4567:
4560:
4551:
4517:Keokuk's Reserve
4370:Pecatonica River
4320:Blue Mounds Fort
4233:Apple River Fort
4193:Joseph M. Street
4188:Antoine LeClaire
4178:George Davenport
4162:Samuel Whiteside
4147:John H. Rountree
4112:Ebenezer Brigham
4102:Milton Alexander
4097:John Giles Adams
4047:
3884:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3843:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3727:
3575:Tribal languages
3555:United Keetoowah
3485:Muscogee (Creek)
3445:Fort Sill Apache
3380:Absentee Shawnee
3354:
3353:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3319:
3299:State recognized
3284:Saginaw Chippewa
3254:Lac Vieux Desert
3218:
3217:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3183:
3099:
3091:
3075:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3015:
3009:
2994:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2755:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2718:. Archived from
2711:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2652:
2646:
2639:
2612:
2611:
2610:. 25 March 2011.
2600:
2594:
2580:
2527:
2526:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2429:
2422:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2057:Year or Century
2054:
1989:Allium tricoccum
1848:
1772:
1563:
1395:
1392:
1341:
1330:
1318:St. Joseph River
1305:
1277:
1274:
1264:
1261:
1233:
1197:
1180:
1138:Indian Territory
1096:
1066:
1054:
1042:Tippecanoe River
1036:Tippecanoe River
1003:Tippecanoe River
990:
971:
969:Wa-nyano-zhoneya
959:St. Joseph River
956:
941:, "Turkey Foot")
940:
924:
893:
887:
877:
842:
829:
823:
820:
799:, also known as
785:
733:St. Joseph River
689:
652:Seven Years' War
590:
484:
475:
469:
463:
455:, respectively.
454:
448:
438:
432:
418:
412:
406:
396:
382:
380:Boodewaadamii(g)
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
183:
133:
131:
130:
96:
94:
93:
74:Total population
66:
50:
21:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4865:
4822:
4789:
4751:
4604:
4586:
4578:
4548:
4543:
4512:Black Hawk Tree
4495:
4431:Plum River raid
4404:
4400:Wisconsin River
4380:Sinsinawa Mound
4355:Gratiot's Grove
4345:Fort Koshkonong
4268:Kellogg's Grove
4212:
4208:Satterlee Clark
4198:Felix St. Vrain
4166:
4152:Isaiah Stillman
4142:Alexander Posey
4137:Abraham Lincoln
4083:
4069:Jefferson Davis
4034:
4007:
3979:
3961:
3943:
3925:
3875:
3870:
3840:
3835:
3801:Lac du Flambeau
3767:
3756:
3754:
3724:
3719:
3577:
3569:
3440:Eastern Shawnee
3430:Delaware Nation
3371:
3369:
3362:
3348:
3346:
3316:
3311:
3293:
3264:Little Traverse
3220:
3212:
3210:
3121:Wayback Machine
3085:
3082:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3016:
3012:
2995:
2991:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2917:, pp. 56, 57 64
2913:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2860:
2859:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2757:
2756:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2722:on 11 June 2008
2713:
2712:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2640:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2581:
2530:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2300:Angela R. Riley
2288:Leopold Pokagon
2238:
2174:created by the
2130:
2124:
2020:
1996:of the root of
1978:
1973:
1912:Mkedésh-gékékwa
1844:(clans) being:
1838:La Chauvignerie
1835:
1829:
1573:
1561:
1518:Bruce Peninsula
1504:Bruce Peninsula
1479:
1405:
1393:
1368:
1275:
1262:
1256:Leopold Pokagon
1222:of Nottawasippi
1214:Chief Menominee
1207:Leopold Pokagon
1107:
1074:
1016:Keesass on the
998:
948:
931:Kankakee Rivers
901:
859:
835:Black Partridge
821:
814:
793:
774:
769:
704:Treaty of Paris
700:
644:
597:
504:
491:
394:Boodewaadmii(g)
372:
366:
296:Native American
292:many variations
282:, also spelled
243:
239:
224:
208:
192:
128:
126:
125:
91:
89:
69:
57:
45:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4963:
4961:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4892:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4780:Ottawa dialect
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4682:Medicine wheel
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4652:Gitche Manitou
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4500:Related topics
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4385:Soldiers Grove
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Stillman Creek
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4248:Fort Armstrong
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4132:James D. Henry
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4079:Zachary Taylor
4076:
4074:Winfield Scott
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:Henry Atkinson
4055:
4053:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Billy Caldwell
3989:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3971:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3957:Waukon Decorah
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3578:(still spoken)
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3495:Otoe-Missouria
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3435:Delaware Tribe
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:Grand Traverse
3236:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3111:
3105:
3100:
3081:
3080:External links
3078:
3077:
3076:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3034:
3010:
2989:
2968:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2846:
2816:
2771:
2733:
2699:
2672:
2647:
2613:
2595:
2528:
2493:
2468:
2451:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2330:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2267:
2261:
2251:
2245:
2237:
2234:
2187:Odawa language
2126:Main article:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2049:Trail of Death
2027:Trail of Death
2019:
2016:
1983:Epigaea repens
1977:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1868:(Golden Eagle)
1863:
1857:
1846:
1831:Main article:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1754:
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1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1648:
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1643:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1511:
1497:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1442:
1424:
1418:
1404:
1401:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1346:
1344:Iroquois River
1335:
1333:Iroquois River
1320:
1311:
1295:
1279:
1266:
1253:
1248:
1235:
1223:
1217:
1200:
1199:
1185:
1170:
1146:Benjamin Petit
1111:Billy Caldwell
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1091:(1760?–1827) (
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1038:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
997:
994:
993:
992:
982:
978:Onaska on the
976:
961:
947:
944:
943:
942:
933:
917:
911:
908:
900:
897:
896:
895:
879:
858:
855:
854:
853:
850:
844:
831:
813:
810:
809:
808:
797:Billy Caldwell
792:
789:
788:
787:
778:
773:
770:
749:Illinois River
737:Kankakee River
712:Indian removal
699:
696:
695:
694:
682:
676:
673:
643:
640:
639:
638:
632:
622:
621:Millouisillyny
619:
605:Door Peninsula
596:
593:
551:United Kingdom
543:Tecumseh's War
503:
500:
490:
487:
368:Main article:
365:
362:
306:, and western
298:people of the
231:
230:
222:Bodwéwadmimwen
219:
215:
214:
203:
199:
198:
187:
179:
178:
164:
163:
159:
158:
148:
147:
143:
142:
86:
85:
81:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
53:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4962:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:Turtle Island
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4672:Little people
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4561:
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4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:Fort Hamilton
4333:
4331:
4330:Fort Defiance
4328:
4326:
4325:Fort Crawford
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:Bad Axe River
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4293:Waddams Grove
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:Dixon's Ferry
4241:
4239:
4238:Buffalo Grove
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Henry Gratiot
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:Native people
3878:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Forest County
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
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3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
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3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:Seneca-Cayuga
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
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3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3060:Cited sources
3059:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3006:0-12-349353-6
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2985:0-7007-1197-X
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
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2806:
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2775:
2772:
2767:
2763:
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2687:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2648:
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2638:
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2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2592:0-8061-2069-X
2589:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
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2537:
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2504:
2497:
2494:
2482:
2478:
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2452:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Theresa Marsh
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
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2379:
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2336:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:Simon Pokagon
2280:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2239:
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2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2134:Bodéwadmimwen
2129:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:17th century
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
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1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1879:
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1867:
1864:
1861:
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1812:
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1800:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1769:
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1757:
1756:
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1745:
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1677:
1676:
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1613:
1611:
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1501:
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1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
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1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1403:United States
1402:
1400:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
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1334:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1269:Simon Pokagon
1267:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
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1196:
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1190:
1186:
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1120:
1116:
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1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:Tiosa on the
1039:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
999:
995:
986:
983:
981:
980:Elkhart River
977:
975:
974:Elkhart River
970:
965:
962:
960:
955:
950:
949:
945:
939:
934:
932:
928:
923:
918:
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912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
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876:
871:
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867:
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851:
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836:
832:
828:
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811:
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802:
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795:
794:
790:
784:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
763:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:Wabash Rivers
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
709:
705:
697:
693:
688:
684:Washee (from
683:
681:
677:
674:
672:
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667:
666:
664:
659:
657:
653:
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637:
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613:
612:
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606:
602:
594:
592:
589:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
559:
558:Fort Dearborn
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:. During the
517:
508:
501:
499:
495:
488:
486:
483:
481:
474:
468:
462:
456:
453:
447:
442:
437:
431:
426:
422:
417:
411:
405:
400:
395:
390:
386:
381:
377:
371:
363:
361:
358:
353:
351:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
279:
238:
228:
223:
220:
216:
212:
207:
204:
200:
196:
191:
188:
184:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
157:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
98:United States
87:
82:
77:
72:
65:
60:
56:
51:
40:
33:
19:
4667:Jingle dress
4662:Jiibayaabooz
4637:Dreamcatcher
4536:
4340:Fort Jackson
4298:Yellow Creek
4263:Indian Creek
4107:David Bailey
3921:Wabokieshiek
3888:British Band
3545:Thlopthlocco
3306:
3259:Little River
3093:
3071:
3067:
3046:. Retrieved
3037:
3026:. Retrieved
3022:
3013:
2997:
2992:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2876:16 September
2874:. Retrieved
2865:
2837:. Retrieved
2828:
2825:"Potawatomi"
2819:
2794:. Retrieved
2784:
2774:
2760:
2724:. Retrieved
2720:the original
2690:. Retrieved
2684:. Sentinel.
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2657:
2650:
2642:
2607:
2598:
2583:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2485:. Retrieved
2471:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2431:
2427:"Potawatomi"
2420:
2294:Jeri Redcorn
2273:
2264:Kelly Church
2203:
2184:
2142:Neshnabémwen
2141:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2036:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1987:
1981:
1980:They regard
1979:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1923:
1917:
1914:(Black Hawk)
1911:
1908:(Bald Eagle)
1905:
1899:
1893:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1836:
1491:Pelee Island
1417:, Wisconsin;
1406:
1398:
1359:
1356:(see Ashkum)
1353:
1348:
1322:
1313:
1298:Shupshewahno
1297:
1281:
1250:
1242:Yellow River
1237:
1226:Mackahtamoah
1225:
1219:
1187:
1172:
1168:Wabash River
1163:
1154:
1123:
1108:
1018:Wabash River
919:Nuscotomeg (
915:Yellow River
872:Mucktypoke (
843:"Blackbird")
822: 1830s
804:
761:
701:
678:Peshibon at
660:
645:
625:
624:Onanghisse (
598:
571:George Ronan
567:Nathan Heald
555:
536:
513:
496:
492:
457:
373:
354:
348:
347:
329:
328:of the word
320:
319:
300:Great Plains
288:Pottawatomie
287:
283:
236:
234:
227:Neshnabémwen
205:
189:
54:
44:Ethnic group
4813:Ribbon work
4692:Mudjekeewis
4647:Elbow witch
4600:Clan system
4581:Anishinaabe
4409:Engagements
4122:Henry Dodge
4117:John Dement
4043:U.S. people
3901:Checokalako
3781:Fond du Lac
3525:Sac and Fox
3244:Hannahville
2692:19 November
2604:"Aptakisic"
2153:Great Lakes
1976:Ethnobotany
1516:, Ontario (
1487:Point Pelee
1447:, based in
1423:, Michigan;
1394: 1920
1308:Shipshewana
1303:Shipshewana
1276: 1830
1263: 1775
1183:Lake Geneva
964:Five Medals
922:Neshkademég
882:Senachewine
830:"Half Day")
817:Aptakisic (
780:Siggenauk (
753:Des Plaines
729:Huron River
626:Wnaneg-gizs
547:War of 1812
520:Beaver Wars
480:Anishinaabe
446:boodawaadam
338:, with the
331:Anishinaabe
284:Pottawatomi
168:Catholicism
4900:Potawatomi
4894:Categories
4785:Potawatomi
4765:Algonquian
4642:Drumkeeper
4632:Deer Woman
4350:Fort Union
4273:Plum River
4253:Fort Beggs
4064:Hugh Brady
3985:Potawatomi
3916:Towaunonne
3896:Black Hawk
3685:Potawatomi
3370:recognized
3138:(Gun Lake)
3048:2024-06-22
3028:2024-06-22
2829:Ethnologue
2796:2019-07-05
2509:(1): 1–9.
2487:2023-10-23
2448:required.)
2412:References
2218:Oconomowoc
2172:Dictionary
2029:marker in
1966:(Fox)
1942:(Sturgeon)
1559:Population
1526:, Ontario;
1383:Rain dance
1097:, "Sulks")
827:Abtagizheg
765:See also:
757:Fox Rivers
741:Tippecanoe
680:St. Joseph
634:Otchik at
583:Mucktypoke
575:West Point
470:; plural:
467:Eneshenabé
452:boodwaadam
416:Bodéwadmik
413:; plural:
410:Bodéwademi
237:Potawatomi
206:Bodéwadmik
156:Potawatomi
48:Potawatomi
4828:Education
4808:Quillwork
4757:Languages
4722:Shingebis
4712:Pukwudgie
4697:Nanabozho
4309:Wisconsin
4003:Waubonsie
3967:Menominee
3821:St. Croix
3816:Red Cliff
3806:Menominee
3776:Bad River
3765:Wisconsin
3615:Chickasaw
3565:Wyandotte
3410:Chickasaw
3368:Federally
3234:Bay Mills
2805:cite book
2523:143379265
2460:Northeast
2406:Nanabozho
2306:Topinabee
2242:Ron Baker
2226:Kalamazoo
2060:Location
1952:Shage'shi
1532:, Ontario
1354:Weesionas
1339:Michicaba
1283:Sauganash
1251:Pepinawah
1173:Maumksuck
1009:Eel River
951:Chebass (
891:Znajjewan
847:Waubonsie
840:Mkedébnés
801:Sauganash
721:Wisconsin
717:Milwaukee
630:Green Bay
524:Green Bay
489:Teachings
473:Neshnabék
439:) in the
436:bodewadem
404:Bodéwadmi
349:Bodéwadmi
294:), are a
211:Neshnabék
190:Bodéwadmi
176:Midewiwin
172:Methodism
146:Languages
118:Wisconsin
55:Bodéwadmi
4610:Religion
4278:Saukenuk
4228:Illinois
4017:Meskwaki
3998:Shabbona
3949:Ho-Chunk
3911:Pamisseu
3826:Sokaogon
3791:Ho-Chunk
3660:Muscogee
3635:Delaware
3630:Comanche
3610:Cheyenne
3605:Cherokee
3530:Seminole
3465:Kickapoo
3460:Kialegee
3425:Comanche
3400:Cherokee
3360:Oklahoma
3117:Archived
3074:: 1–230.
2929:, p. 50.
2905:, p. 104
2893:, p. 118
2870:Archived
2833:Archived
2790:Archived
2782:(1891).
2686:Archived
2481:Archived
2313:See also
2214:Muskegon
2210:Waukegan
2122:Language
2018:Location
1994:infusion
1960:(Rabbit)
1936:(Turtle)
1896:(Beaver)
1872:Jejakwe'
1860:Gagagshi
1856:(Turkey)
1471:Oklahoma
1431:Gun Lake
1314:Topinbee
1238:Pashpoho
1231:Mkedémwi
1220:Pamtipee
1142:Oklahoma
1130:Nebraska
1119:Kennekuk
1032:Monoquet
985:Topinbee
954:Zhshibés
938:Mezsézed
935:Mesasa (
927:Iroquois
905:Main Poc
875:Makdébki
866:Shabbona
805:Zhagnash
617:Fox Wars
588:Makdébki
560:, where
545:and the
539:Tecumseh
530:and the
528:Iroquois
516:Michigan
461:Neshnabé
430:bodewadm
385:syncoped
321:Neshnabé
302:, upper
218:Language
195:Neshnabé
162:Religion
122:Illinois
114:Oklahoma
110:Michigan
4871:Housing
4747:Wendigo
4702:Nokomis
4677:Manitou
4622:Aayaase
4584:culture
4538:Warrior
4390:Victory
4375:Roxbury
4089:Militia
4030:Wapello
3975:Oshkosh
3939:Wapasha
3906:Neapope
3710:Wyandot
3705:Wichita
3700:Shawnee
3640:Koasati
3625:Choctaw
3590:Arapaho
3585:Alabama
3560:Wichita
3550:Tonkawa
3540:Shawnee
3415:Choctaw
3279:Pokagon
2953:, p. 57
2941:, p. 99
2868:. n.d.
2665:22 June
2206:Midwest
2199:syncope
2161:Ontario
2146:Central
2144:) is a
1964:Wakeshi
1946:Nmébena
1934:Mshike'
1906:Mgezewa
1842:doodems
1577:Canada
1540:unceded
1508:Ontario
1495:Ontario
1349:Wanatah
1323:Wabanim
1189:Mecosta
1178:Mangzed
1059:Winamac
1047:Winamac
1028:Magaago
783:Siginak
777:Manamol
725:Detroit
671:Detroit
636:Detroit
609:Detroit
562:Chicago
502:History
421:cognate
399:autonym
387:in the
357:removed
326:cognate
290:(among
152:English
139:Ontario
102:Indiana
4879:Wigwam
4818:Wampum
4775:Ojibwe
4707:Powwow
4627:Baykok
4592:Family
4360:Helena
4258:Galena
4221:Places
4171:Others
4025:Keokuk
3931:Dakota
3811:Oneida
3695:Seneca
3690:Quapaw
3675:Pawnee
3670:Ottawa
3600:Cayuga
3520:Quapaw
3510:Peoria
3505:Pawnee
3500:Ottawa
3390:Apache
3372:tribes
3249:L'Anse
3004:
2983:
2839:5 July
2726:5 July
2590:
2521:
2230:Skokie
2228:, and
2157:Kansas
2112:1780s
1958:Wabozo
1954:(Crab)
1948:(Carp)
1924:Mshéwé
1920:(Bear)
1902:(Wolf)
1900:Mewi'a
1886:(Frog)
1884:Mekchi
1880:(Loon)
1862:(Crow)
1820:6,700
1808:4,500
1796:2,400
1793:21,000
1790:23,400
1782:4,000
1779:17,000
1776:21,000
1761:28,000
1749:25,000
1574:States
1572:United
1538:on an
1387:Kansas
1360:Wewesh
1328:Wabnem
1278:–1899)
1265:–1841)
1195:Mkozdé
1134:Kansas
1064:Winmég
1052:Winmég
747:, the
735:, the
731:, the
723:area,
601:French
389:Ottawa
376:Ojibwe
340:Ojibwe
202:People
186:Person
135:Canada
132:
106:Kansas
95:
79:28,000
3715:Yuchi
3680:Ponca
3665:Osage
3595:Caddo
3515:Ponca
3490:Osage
3480:Modoc
3475:Miami
3470:Kiowa
3395:Caddo
3289:Sault
2951:Smith
2939:Smith
2927:Smith
2915:Smith
2903:Smith
2891:Smith
2519:S2CID
2442:
2096:1670
2088:1641
2080:1640
2065:1615
1926:(Elk)
1827:Clans
1738:2,440
1735:2,620
1724:2,522
1721:2,742
1710:1,416
1707:1,582
1696:4,040
1693:4,440
1683:1,800
1669:3,400
1657:2,500
1645:1,200
1633:2,000
1621:2,250
1609:1,750
1597:1,500
1585:4,000
1569:Total
1366:Bands
1310:Lake.
1244:near
1157:Odawa
1140:(now
1094:Mdewé
1089:Metea
1081:Metea
991:1826)
687:Wabzi
663:Miami
419:), a
401:) is
344:Odawa
4051:Army
4015:and
4013:Sauk
3450:Iowa
3307:None
3002:ISBN
2981:ISBN
2878:2024
2841:2019
2811:link
2728:2019
2694:2020
2667:2018
2588:ISBN
2191:Sauk
2045:Iowa
1940:Nme'
1866:Gnew
1854:Bené
1813:2018
1801:2014
1787:2010
1773:2006
1758:1998
1746:1997
1741:180
1732:1910
1727:220
1718:1908
1713:166
1704:1889
1699:400
1690:1854
1678:1843
1666:1820
1654:1812
1642:1795
1630:1783
1618:1778
1606:1766
1594:1765
1582:1667
1566:Year
1489:and
1435:Dorr
1164:Iowa
989:died
929:and
886:died
755:and
743:and
599:The
449:and
364:Name
342:and
324:, a
286:and
235:The
4795:Art
3455:Kaw
3358:in
2766:291
2511:doi
2507:123
2140:or
2136:or
2051:".
1918:Mko
1894:Mek
1878:Mag
1437:in
1240:of
819:fl.
727:or
719:or
654:).
482:(g)
391:as
4896::
4612:,
3092:.
3070:.
3021:.
2864:.
2849:^
2831:.
2827:.
2807:}}
2803:{{
2736:^
2702:^
2616:^
2606:.
2531:^
2517:.
2505:.
2479:.
2430:.
2232:.
2224:,
2220:,
2216:,
2212:,
2201:.
2182:.
1771:c.
1520:);
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1493:,
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1391:c.
1389:,
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1273:c.
1260:c.
1166:,
824:,
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4307:(
3865:e
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3051:.
3031:.
3008:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
