520:. The lesions responsible for abscesses occur more frequently in younger patients as their spine is highly vascularized compared to adults. Involvement of the front part of the spine or areas not involving the bone initially spares it and the disc of the spinal column. However, it creates that abscess allow disease to spread over multiple contiguous vertebrae using the front longitudinal ligament. These abscesses are granulomatous and, as they expand, lift the periosteum leading to bone devascularizatoin, necrosis, and eventually deformity. Rear involvement follows a similar process but uses the longitudinal ligament in the back and often affects the neural arch. Paradiscal, central, and non-bone lesions account for 98% of all spinal TB case, indicating that lesions originating in the back are much more rare.
803:
instead of the posterior approach in cases where only single segments of the vertebrae are affected and in the event that there is no destruction or collapse of the posterior elements. In anterior debridement and decompression, tissue damaged by the onset of disease are removed along with vertebral elements and intervertebral discs that are impinging on the spinal cord and/or nerves in the spine. Vertebrae can then be fused together through the use of grafts or instrumentation to provide more structural support for the spine and back.
43:
141:
381:
4347:
581:
ability to combat infections, including tuberculosis (TB), making it more difficult for the body to fight off TB germs effectively. In regions like Sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease is prevalent, HIV often coexists with spinal TB, significantly complicating management and diagnosis. Data collected in New York and Los
Angeles shows that this disease primarily affects foreign-born individuals, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans.
506:
These neurological symptoms are caused by direct pressure on nerves, invasion of neural tissue, tuberculous meningitis, dislocation or subluxation of vertebrae, or reduced blood flow to the spinal cord. Deficits progresses from the front to the back, thus affecting the front of the spinal tract first. It heightens reflex and upper motor neuron deficit causing it to eventually advance to limb weakness and difficulty walking due to muscle spasms.
603:
259:
821:
their bodies (larger head), limited muscular development, and increased flexibility, gravity can lead to greater deformation and presentation of kyphosis. After onset of the disease, growth plates in the spine may be destroyed and vertebral bodies suppressed due to kyphosis. These variable complications would then further deformation leading to uncontrolled and/or suppressed growth.
589:
poverty, significantly increase the risk of tuberculosis transmission. Undernutrition is another crucial factor that raises the likelihood of developing active TB. Additionally, poverty correlates with limited health knowledge and a lack of empowerment to utilize that knowledge, which results in greater exposure to various TB risk factors, including HIV, smoking, and alcohol abuse.
585:
tuberculosis (TB) for a long time. TB patients typically have lower serum vitamin D levels compared to healthy individuals. Interestingly, extended TB treatment also leads to a reduction in serum vitamin D levels. Research has indicated that vitamin D plays a crucial role in modulating innate immune responses, acting as a cofactor in the induction of antimycobacterial activity.
3181:
551:. The spinal canal may become narrowed due to abscesses, granulation tissue, or direct dural invasion resulting in compression of cord and neurological deficits. Kyphosis is a result of the front of the spine collapsing. Injury to the thoracic spine are more likely to result in kyphosis compared to lumbar spine injuries. A
663:
About 2% of all cases of tuberculosis are considered Pott's
Disease and about half (50%) of the cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis are Pott's Disease, of which 98% affect the anterior column. The disease can be attributed to 1.3 million deaths per year. There is a correlation between tuberculosis
523:
Cold abscesses develop near lesions, and they are called 'cold' because it lacks typical inflammatory signs like warmth and redness. They can grow significantly large which worsens the patient's symptoms. For example, if the primary lesion is located in the cervical spine, the cold abscess could form
866:
Important milestones in the development, understanding, and management of tuberculosis spondylitis include the
Bacilli Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in 1945, radiological exams, and accessibility of necessary anti tubular medications in the mid 1900's. MRI and CT scans implemented since 1987 for
820:
In children with Pott's disease, earlier surgical intervention is often recommended to reduce their increased risk for kyphotic deformity. This increased risk for deformity is attributed to both the anatomy and biomechanics of children and their developmental stage of life. Due to the proportions of
811:
Surgical intervention is used in patients with kyphosis to primarily prevent the progression of kyphosis in active disease and correct it to a certain extent. However, surgical intervention is not meant to cure kyphosis in the patient and has variable rates of success in eradicating it in a patient.
691:
Controlling the spread of tuberculosis infection can prevent tuberculous spondylitis and arthritis. Patients who have a positive PPD test (but not active tuberculosis) may decrease their risk by properly taking medicines to prevent tuberculosis. To effectively treat tuberculosis, patients must take
687:
As one type of tuberculosis infections, individuals can’t entirely prevent Pott’s
Disease, but we are able to take steps to reduce the risk of TB (tuberculosis) infection by avoiding prolonged, close contact with someone who has an active TB (tuberculosis) infection and getting tested regularly for
331:
Initial suspicion of Pott’s
Disease is usually based on clinical symptoms and imaging findings, but a definitive diagnosis requires isolating the organism by culture, identifying it, and determining its drug susceptibility. The typical lab procedure for clinical specimens involves an AFB (acid-fast
733:
The treatment prescribed to patients diagnosed with Pott's disease is similar to treatment that is generally given to patients who have other forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. According to guidelines, typical treatment begins with a six to nine month course of chemotherapy. The regimen usually
671:
Pott's disease is more common in the working-age population. Still any age group is at risk for developing the disease. Individuals who have use immunosuppressants or have compromised immune systems, chronic diseases like diabetes, or use tobacco have a significantly increased risk of becoming ill
567:
MTB is contracted and spread through aerosol droplets. Respiratory MTB or tuberculosis (TB) have been documented in patients that have negative results for specific cultures. The sum of two cases concluded that about 17% of transmission occurs from patients who have negative results. Another study
678:
poses a threat to people with Pott's disease, making it difficult to determine infection in people because of the paucibacillary symptoms of the disease. Cases of tuberculosis have been on the decline; however, infections of multidrug resistant tuberculosis have remained constant since the 1990s.
505:
The second most common symptom is neurological deficits which depends on the location of the infection. If the cervical spin is affected, upper and lower extremities will show signs of dysfunction. If the infection is in the lumbar, deficits are localized to the lower extremities and sacral area.
323:
The second most common clinical symptom is neurological deficits, which can vary depending on the level of the spine affected. An infection in the neck area can cause nerve problems affecting both the arms and legs, while an infection in the lower back typically affects only the legs and the area
862:
Evidence of tubercular lesions of the vertebral column have been found from the fourth millennium BC in the form of mae remains in
Liguria, Italy. Additionally, tuberculosis spondylitis has been discovered from 3400 BC in the mummified remains of Egyptians. Tuberculosis had affected humans long
802:
The goal of the anterior debridement/decompression and fusion with bone autografts procedure is to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves along the anterior side of the spinal cord and help prevent the progression of kyphosis in active disease. The anterior approach is often recommended
793:
In posterior decompression and fusion with bone autografts, the goal is to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves in the lower back and prevent the progression of kyphosis in active disease. In this procedure, the lower back vertebrae (L1-L5) are exposed and the intervertebral discs and
580:
HIV has been identified as one of the primary risk factors for the development of Pott’s
Disease and this is becauseHIV compromises the immune system by attacking and destroying crucial immune cells, thereby weakening the body's natural defenses. This impairment significantly reduces the body's
667:
Underdeveloped countries have a higher incidence rate of Pott's disease as it is associated with less ventilated rooms, crowded spaces, poorer hygiene, and less access to healthcare facilities. Increasing food security, reducing poverty, and improving living and working conditions will help to
588:
In developed countries like the United States, Pott's
Disease is primarily found in adults. However, in developing countries, data shows that Pott's Disease occurs mainly in young adults and older children. Crowded and poorly ventilated living and working conditions, which are often linked to
794:
vertebrae material impinging on the spinal cord and/or nerves are removed. Vertebrae (typically L4-L5 due to their load bearing nature and vulnerability to degradation) are then fused together with grafts or instrumentation to help provide more support to the back and spine of the patient.
327:
In the early stages of Pott’s
Disease, imaging techniques such as CT scans, MRIs, or plain radiographs are ordered. For a radiolucent lesion to appear on a plain X-ray, there must be a 30% loss of bone mineral, making it difficult to diagnose the early stages of Pott's Disease with a plain
584:
Vitamin D deficiency has also been correlated with an increased risk of Pott’s
Disease, particularly spinal TB with caseous necrosis, increasing the risk of necrosis compared to individuals with normal vitamin D levels. A deficiency in vitamin D has been associated with the activation of
501:
The earliest and most common symptom is back pain, which worsens with activity. Muscles relax when asleep which causes pain. As the infection progresses, the pain becomes more severe leading to para-spinal muscle spasms. The spasms cause all spinal movements to be restricted and painful.
490:
The onset of symptoms is gradual and disease progresses slowly. The duration of symptoms before diagnosis ranges from 2 weeks to several years, The average period was at least 12 months, but it has recently decreased to 3 and 6 months. Presentation depends on disease stage, location, and
664:
infections and cases of Pott's disease, as it's prevalent in areas where tuberculosis infections are common. Known risk factors like lower socioeconomic status, overcrowding, immunodeficiency, and interactions with people with tuberculosis can influence the rate of diagnosis.
840:, which is defined as an abnormal curved thoracic spine. This abnormal curve in the spine is not to be confused with the natural curve which serves to absorb shock. The main presentation of kyphosis is gradual onset of pain in patients that may be worse with activity.
319:
The most common and earliest clinical symptom of Pott's Disease is back pain, often associated with local tenderness, worsening muscle spasms along the spine, and focal edema. These symptoms can lead to limited and painful movement in all directions of the spine.
767:
leading to instability of the spine. However, surgery is up to shared clinical decision making and not an intervention that is defaulted to as guidelines tend to lead towards less invasive procedures such as chemotherapy and anti-tuberculosis medications.
672:
with tuberculosis infections. In older populations, the disease is often misdiagnosed, often being disregarded for other degenerative diseases. Children's spines contain more cartilage, increasing the effect of spinal deformations caused by the disease.
3227:
3208:
741:
Some practices however have recommended treatment regimens of over 12 months given the mortality and disability risks associated with the failure of eradication of disease and the difficulty to assess the effectiveness of treatment.
852:
occurs and can stop the nerves from functioning properly when pressure builds on the spinal cord. The consequence of this compression and pressure is symptoms such as back pain, trouble walking, and weakness in the arms and/or
4805:
708:, and American Thoracic Society all present chemotherapy to be the first line when it comes to treatment of Pott's disease with surgical interventions being administered as needed for patients who are indicated for it.
712:
may also be recommended to help with the eradication of the disease. With early intervention, Pott's disease can be cured and completely eradicated from the patient. However, there are cases where the tuberculosis is
576:
Some known risk factors for Pott's Disease include immunodeficiencies (such as those caused by alcohol and drug abuse or HIV), exposure to infected patients, poverty, undernourishment, and lower socioeconomic status.
2371:
Okada Y, Miyamoto H, Uno K, Sumi M (November 2009). "Clinical and radiological outcome of surgery for pyogenic and tuberculous spondylitis: comparisons of surgical techniques and disease types: Clinical article".
833:(so-called Pott's paraplegia), presents with refusal to stand or walk. It can generally be used to describe those who have lost feeling in their lower extremities/lower parts of the body or unable to move them.
543:
or spongy bone of the vertebra through the vascular system. It travels specifically from the front and back spinal arteries, and pressures within the torso spreads the infection throughout the vertebral body.
750:
Surgical intervention is required for patients with Pott's disease in the event that there is a need for tissue sampling to clarify diagnoses, resistance to chemotherapy (often found in patients with HIV),
3281:
867:
this disease have helped clinicians catch the disease early as well as identify rare complications of the disease. This helps to prevent further worsening of the disease and promote proper management.
536:(MTB) eventually spreads through the host's body. Without treatment and diagnosis, the infection becomes dormant in the lungs or spreads to other parts of the body through hematogenous dissemination.
4750:
1956:"Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis"
498:, sensory disturbances, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Signs of associated extraskeletal tuberculosis include cough, expectoration, swollen lymp nodes, diarrhea, and abdominal swelling.
4795:
4785:
4770:
738:. Following the 2-month initial phase, PZA and EMB are discontinued while INH and RIF are continued for the remaining four to seven month continuation phase of the treatment period.
509:
Pott's disease presents in children more frequently due to the increased vascularization of their spine. It also presents with back pain, neurological deficits, cold abscesses, and
328:
radiograph. CT (computed tomography) is often used as a guide for biopsy. Overall, it is widely documented that MRI is superior to plain radiographs in diagnosing Pott’s Disease.
230:
space. If only one vertebra is affected, the disc is normal, but if two are involved, the disc, which is avascular, cannot receive nutrients, and collapses. In a process called
513:
deformities. In children, kyphosis is not limited to the disease being active, instead it increases or worsens in periods of growth, which further exacerbates other symptoms.
3274:
700:
When it comes to treatment of Pott's disease, the two main routes that are typically prescribed to patients are chemotherapy and surgical intervention. Guidelines from the
4451:
2935:
755:(including but not limited to abnormal reflexes, problems with speech, decreased sensation, loss of balance, decreased mental function, vision/hearing problems, and
399:
Radiographic changes associated with Pott disease present relatively late. These radiographic changes are characteristic of spinal tuberculosis on plain radiography:
3267:
4740:
3732:
735:
3727:
4735:
907:, a swing-era drummer and band leader, was affected by tuberculosis of the spine as a child, which left him hunchbacked, and eventually caused his death.
705:
547:
It impacts the front of the vertebral body along the subchondral plate. As it advances, progressive destruction occurs leading to vertebral collapse and
494:
Non-spinal symptoms include weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, evening fever, and night sweats. Clinical findings include back pain, paraparesis,
4947:
234:, the disc tissue dies, leading to vertebral narrowing and eventually to vertebral collapse and spinal damage. A dry soft-tissue mass often forms and
31:
3956:
4606:
3575:
114:
2530:"Anterior debridement and fusion using expandable mesh cage only for the treatment of paraparese due to spondylitis tuberculosis: A case report"
226:
It causes a kind of tuberculous arthritis of the intervertebral joints. The infection can spread from two adjacent vertebrae into the adjoining
4780:
4233:
3361:
2969:
2821:
2668:
1816:
1670:
370:
Tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative ) results are positive in 84–95% of patients with Pott disease who are not infected with
64:
812:
In the event that a patient shows signs of kyphosis, the earlier surgical intervention is given, the better the outcome for the patient.
555:
can develop if infection spreads to ligaments and soft tissues. In the lower back, there is a chance the abscess can move down along the
4942:
4611:
4419:
3477:
624:
280:
4547:
3570:
3290:
650:
306:
86:
524:
in the area behind the pharynx causing pressure like symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, breathing issues, or a hoarse voice.
4775:
4601:
3545:
675:
4415:
2939:
4346:
3897:
998:
516:
Certain presentations can cause abscesses to form, which puts the patient at a higher risk of spinal cord damage and possible
4434:
4336:
3614:
3604:
3511:
721:
patients. Rehabilitation for patients who have just undergone surgery or are recovering from Pott's disease often consist of
628:
357:
284:
995:(1915–1948) died of spinal tuberculosis after being involved in a motor accident (1935) that irreparably damaged his spine.
335:
The ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP (C-reactive protein) are also used as biomarkers for spinal tuberculosis.
4901:
4745:
4730:
2686:"Recurrent complex spinal tuberculosis accompanied by sinus tract formation: causes of recurrence and clinical treatments"
1015:
784:
Posterior fusion with instrumentation followed by simultaneous or sequential anterior debridement/decompression and fusion
781:
Anterior debridement/decompression and fusion followed by simultaneous or sequential posterior fusion with instrumentation
4755:
3949:
3877:
3722:
3355:
1128:
3185:
4937:
4891:
4274:
3863:
3769:
3708:
3634:
1098:
613:
269:
57:
51:
4866:
4689:
4385:
4226:
3423:
533:
632:
617:
288:
273:
4714:
4654:
4331:
4304:
4190:
3754:
3538:
3472:
701:
568:
concluded that TB infection outside the lungs increased the transmission rate, which has always been overlooked.
2414:"Posterior direct decompression and fusion of the lower thoracic and lumbar fractures with neurological deficit"
68:
4836:
3891:
3555:
3369:
3242:
1150:
1073:
4404:
4014:
3133:"A 27-Year-Old Woman Diagnosed with Tuberculous Spondylitis, or Pott Disease, During Pregnancy: A Case Report"
901:
may have died from Pott disease, according to professor Kaare Weismann and literature scientist Jens Staubrand
932:
was hospitalized as a child with the disease, and when he recovered, was sent directly to an internment camp.
725:
for pain management, immobilization of the spine region, and physical therapy for pain-relieving modalities.
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4621:
4483:
4424:
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4289:
3942:
3793:
3779:
3560:
3389:
3331:
849:
4916:
4906:
4800:
4396:
4309:
4258:
4195:
4053:
3786:
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3653:
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3516:
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3460:
1650:
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4502:
4409:
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4200:
3922:
3825:
3765:
3699:
3678:
3660:
3643:
1070:(1964), Jocelin, the dean who wanted a spire on his cathedral, probably dies as a result of the disease.
1041:(1937) is about a young man named Emanuel who is afflicted with Pott disease in a sanatorium, as is the
888:
882:
752:
4664:
2842:
Khoo LT, Mikawa K, Fessler RG (March 2003). "A surgical revisitation of Pott distemper of the spine".
1691:
Hickey KT, Masterson Creber RM, Reading M, Sciacca RR, Riga TC, Frulla AP, et al. (August 2018).
380:
4846:
4760:
4378:
4314:
3586:
3550:
3528:
3380:
3347:
3320:
2986:
2938:[Kierkegaard probably died of Pott's disease] (in Danish). Kristeligt Dagblad. Archived from
2697:
2619:
1081:
1011:
898:
365:
347:
3259:
2799:
140:
4810:
4765:
4371:
4321:
4294:
4177:
3821:
3716:
3619:
3599:
3506:
3428:
3340:
3231:
1086:
465:
227:
688:
TB (tuberculosis) if you're at higher risk or live in a region where TB (tuberculosis) is common.
3913:
3829:
3666:
3609:
3496:
892:
556:
242:
216:
149:
4185:
3043:
Bydon A, Dasenbrock HH, Pendleton C, McGirt MJ, Gokaslan ZL, Quinones-Hinojosa A (August 2011).
1954:
Nahid P, Dorman SE, Alipanah N, Barry PM, Brozek JL, Cattamanchi A, et al. (October 2016).
1865:
1057:'s story "Two Gentlemen of Verona," includes a character named Lucia with tuberculosis of spine.
4429:
4267:
4101:
3521:
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3162:
3119:
3074:
3031:
2965:
2916:
2898:
2859:
2817:
2780:
2731:
2713:
2664:
2644:
2601:
2559:
2503:
2443:
2389:
2346:
2297:
2235:
2183:
2134:
2085:
2034:
1985:
1923:
1841:
1812:
1789:
1771:
1730:
1712:
1666:
1631:
1557:
1511:
1409:
1337:
1258:
1206:
1115:
163:
129:
4694:
4279:
4070:
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3311:
3152:
3144:
3109:
3099:
3064:
3056:
3023:
2906:
2890:
2851:
2807:
2770:
2762:
2721:
2705:
2656:
2593:
2584:
Govender S, Ramnarain A, Danaviah S (July 2007). "Cervical spine tuberculosis in children".
2549:
2541:
2493:
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2433:
2425:
2381:
2336:
2328:
2287:
2279:
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2217:
2173:
2165:
2124:
2116:
2075:
2065:
2024:
2016:
1975:
1967:
1913:
1905:
1779:
1761:
1720:
1704:
1658:
1621:
1613:
1547:
1501:
1491:
1399:
1389:
1327:
1319:
1248:
1240:
1196:
1188:
1103:
1006:
975:
922:
718:
231:
220:
212:
1154:(1946), the novella "The Princess with the Golden Hair," has a character with Pott disease.
4911:
4684:
4674:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4145:
4113:
3854:
3624:
3404:
1061:
981:
971:
957:
843:
714:
113:
4704:
1289:
2701:
2129:
2104:
4649:
4299:
4118:
4106:
3965:
3501:
3302:
3294:
3157:
3132:
3114:
3087:
3069:
3044:
2911:
2878:
2812:
2775:
2750:
2726:
2685:
2624:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
2554:
2529:
2498:
2471:
2438:
2413:
2341:
2316:
2292:
2267:
2230:
2205:
2178:
2153:
2080:
2053:
2029:
2004:
1980:
1955:
1918:
1893:
1784:
1725:
1708:
1662:
1626:
1601:
1506:
1479:
1404:
1377:
1332:
1307:
1253:
1228:
1201:
1176:
1047:
915:
911:
878:
235:
204:
188:
122:
3236:
2855:
717:, leading poorer and possibly life-threatening outcomes in children, the elderly, and
4931:
4699:
4669:
4527:
4355:
4167:
4150:
4096:
4033:
3491:
3413:
3326:
2660:
1478:
Glassman I, Nguyen KH, Giess J, Alcantara C, Booth M, Venketaraman V (January 2023).
1021:
871:
425:
1749:
1692:
4886:
4876:
4861:
4709:
4542:
4532:
4488:
4466:
4284:
4242:
4060:
3812:
3746:
3450:
3437:
2332:
2266:
Rasouli MR, Mirkoohi M, Vaccaro AR, Yarandi KK, Rahimi-Movaghar V (December 2012).
1371:
1244:
1136:
1123:
1110:
1054:
992:
552:
433:
351:
215:, usually due to haematogenous spread from other sites, often the lungs. The lower
208:
134:
2103:
Dhouibi J, Kalai A, Chaabeni A, Aissa A, Ben Salah Frih Z, Jellad A (2024-04-04).
1369:
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1351:
3247:
3060:
2597:
1132:(1968), Morton, the railroad magnate, has the disease and needs crutches to walk.
974:
had Pott disease which, together with the bad conditions of his incarceration in
4815:
4679:
4565:
4537:
4517:
4512:
4439:
4091:
4048:
4019:
3835:
2766:
2545:
1093:
1034:
985:
964:
950:
602:
258:
155:
3014:
Jodra S, Alvarez C (21 February 2013). "Pott's Disease of the Thoracic Spine".
2709:
1833:
1576:
1552:
1535:
4881:
4659:
4522:
4507:
4456:
4326:
4263:
4155:
3883:
3869:
3533:
3465:
3441:
3221:
3217:
3104:
2894:
2385:
2317:"Routine surgery in addition to chemotherapy for treating spinal tuberculosis"
2169:
1496:
1192:
1141:
940:
929:
904:
830:
756:
709:
517:
421:
393:
342:
168:
2902:
2717:
2429:
2283:
2221:
2070:
2020:
1775:
1766:
1716:
1693:"Low health literacy: Implications for managing cardiac patients in practice"
1394:
4573:
4497:
4471:
4461:
4444:
4140:
4132:
3998:
2488:
1909:
1323:
1294:
1066:
1042:
1002:
722:
460:
172:
17:
3166:
3123:
3078:
3045:"Harvey Cushing, the Spine Surgeon: The Surgical Treatment of Pott Disease"
3035:
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2784:
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2507:
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1989:
1927:
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1262:
1210:
3180:
4871:
4160:
4065:
3993:
3988:
3148:
2751:"Neurological recovery after early decompression for dorsal Pott's spine"
2105:"Rehabilitation management of patients with spinal tuberculosis (Review)"
1971:
1750:"Pott′s spine: Diagnostic imaging modalities and technology advancements"
1480:"Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Challenges, and Risk Factors of Pott's Disease"
1378:"Pott′s spine: Diagnostic imaging modalities and technology advancements"
944:
837:
764:
736:
Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin (RIF), Pyrazinamide (PZA), and Ethambutol (EMB)
548:
510:
495:
385:
4806:
Phipps Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis
3200:
2120:
4820:
3595:
2879:"Historical aspects of Pott's disease (spinal tuberculosis) management"
2684:
Wang B, Kong L, Zhu Z, Gao W, Guo H, Wang X, et al. (2018-05-02).
1177:"Historical aspects of Pott's disease (spinal tuberculosis) management"
760:
1894:"Spinal Tuberculosis: Always Understand, Often Prevent, Sometime Cure"
4856:
4851:
4583:
4578:
3212:
2003:
Rajasekaran S, Soundararajan D, Shetty AP, Kanna RM (December 2018).
1077:
474:
183:
1892:
Pan Z, Cheng Z, Wang JC, Zhang W, Dai M, Zhang B (September 2021).
984:, who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, leading to
778:
Anterior debridement/decompression and fusion with bone autografts
3934:
2054:"Tuberculosis of spine: An experience of 30 cases over two years"
953:, social activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner, had Pott disease.
1024:, Japanese poet, author and literary critic, had Pott's disease.
668:
prevent infection and generally enhance the care of those sick.
540:
471:
4215:
4211:
3938:
3263:
1600:
Talat N, Perry S, Parsonnet J, Dawood G, Hussain R (May 2010).
30:"Pott's disease" redirects here. It is not to be confused with
1145:(1917), young Johnny Geer has a terminal case of Pott disease.
596:
479:
371:
252:
176:
36:
4751:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
2472:"Kyphosis in spinal tuberculosis - Prevention and correction"
491:
complications such as neurological deficits and abscesses.
559:
to the upper thigh and eventually break through the skin.
4796:
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Structural Genomics Consortium
4786:
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
2960:
Ten Boom C, Sherrill C, Sherrill J (2015). "Since Then".
1655:
Fenichel's Clinical Pediatric Neurology (Seventh Edition)
2206:"Diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis"
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
450:
Fusiform paravertebral shadows suggest abscess formation
4771:
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
775:
Posterior decompression and fusion with bone autografts
408:
Lytic destruction of anterior portion of vertebral body
846:
formation is a complex form of recurrent tuberculosis.
2749:
Alruwaili A, Umerani M, Darwish A, Mostafa G (2020).
2315:
Jutte PC, Van Loenhout-Rooyackers JH (January 2006).
960:, died of tuberculosis of the spine in December 1946.
447:
Vertebral bodies show variable degrees of destruction
241:
Spread of infection from the lumbar vertebrae to the
3190:
1748:
Ansari S, Amanullah MF, Rauniyar R, Ahmad K (2013).
1376:
Ansari S, Amanullah MF, Rauniyar R, Ahmad K (2013).
1014:, Canadian surveyor, geologist and president of the
4829:
4723:
4620:
4594:
4556:
4482:
4395:
4354:
4249:
4176:
4131:
4084:
4041:
4032:
4007:
3979:
3972:
3912:
3853:
3811:
3764:
3698:
3677:
3642:
3633:
3584:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3379:
3310:
3301:
3194:
2470:Jain AK, Dhammi IK, Jain S, Mishra P (April 2010).
2154:"Instrumented stabilization in spinal tuberculosis"
1602:"Vitamin D Deficiency and Tuberculosis Progression"
763:formed from bacterial induced immune response, and
182:
162:
148:
128:
106:
2651:Ebert JR (2008). "Back, Hip, and Knee Disorders".
1534:Schirmer P, Renault CA, Holodniy M (August 2010).
1106:similar to the type caused by spinal tuberculosis.
939:, which chronicles the work of American physician
734:consists of an initial 2-month intensive phase of
388:, who has been affected by bone tuberculosis, 1935
4452:Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay
1649:Piña-Garza JE (2013-01-01), Piña-Garza JE (ed.),
771:Typical surgical techniques used are as follows:
444:Intervertebral disks may be shrunken or destroyed
417:Reactive sclerosis on a progressive lytic process
3131:Alajaji NM, Sallout B, Baradwan S (9 May 2022).
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2528:Anshori F, Priyamurti H, Rahyussalim AJ (2020).
1807:Manno RL, Yazdany J, Tarrant TK, Kwan M (2022).
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1306:Wong-Taylor LA, Scott AJ, Burgess H (May 2013).
1119:(1879), Dr. Rank has "consumption of the spine."
967:had Pott disease and wrote about the affliction.
2626:. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 2022-01-25
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2268:"Spinal tuberculosis: diagnosis and management"
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
1840:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
863:before it was identified by Sir Percival Pott.
1809:Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2023
4741:Center for Global Infectious Disease Research
4227:
3950:
3275:
2936:"Kierkegaard døde formentlig af Potts sygdom"
2755:International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
2534:International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
798:Anterior debridement/Decompression and fusion
453:Bone lesions may occur at more than one level
207:who first described the symptoms in 1799, is
8:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
1540:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
223:areas of the spine are most often affected.
2800:"Infectious Complications of Spine Surgery"
2407:
2405:
2403:
2321:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2199:
2197:
1657:, London: W.B. Saunders, pp. 253–269,
1222:
1220:
978:during the 1930s, contributed to his death.
631:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
287:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4736:Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines
4234:
4220:
4212:
4038:
3976:
3957:
3943:
3935:
3639:
3418:
3409:
3307:
3282:
3268:
3260:
3191:
2586:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
1754:North American Journal of Medical Sciences
1651:"Chapter 12 - Paraplegia and Quadriplegia"
1382:North American Journal of Medical Sciences
539:When dissemination occurs, MTB enters the
139:
112:
103:
3156:
3113:
3103:
3086:Radcliffe C, Grant M (9 September 2021).
3068:
2910:
2811:
2774:
2725:
2553:
2497:
2487:
2437:
2340:
2291:
2229:
2177:
2128:
2079:
2069:
2028:
1979:
1917:
1783:
1765:
1724:
1625:
1551:
1505:
1495:
1403:
1393:
1331:
1252:
1200:
692:their medications exactly as prescribed.
651:Learn how and when to remove this message
307:Learn how and when to remove this message
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
2412:Jun DS, Yu CH, Ahn BG (September 2011).
379:
50:This article includes a list of general
4607:Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
3576:Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
2005:"Spinal Tuberculosis: Current Concepts"
1164:
532:Infection of the lungs by the bacteria
4781:International Congress on Tuberculosis
3362:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection
1832:Viswanathan VK, Subramanian S (2024).
1290:Pott Disease (Tuberculous Spondylitis)
988:, died in prison of bone tuberculosis.
921:Italian writer, poet, and philosopher
245:, causing abscesses, is not uncommon.
2210:Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
1887:
1885:
970:Marxist thinker and Communist leader
441:Vertebral end plates are osteoporotic
7:
1536:"Is spinal tuberculosis contagious?"
1529:
1527:
1525:
1170:
1168:
935:It features prominently in the book
629:adding citations to reliable sources
285:adding citations to reliable sources
4612:Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis
3088:"Pott Disease: A Tale of Two Cases"
1233:The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
3478:Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
2813:10.1016/b978-0-443-06616-0.50159-0
1709:10.1097/01.NPR.0000541468.54290.49
1663:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2376-8.00012-8
789:Posterior decompression and fusion
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3571:Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis
3291:Gram-positive bacterial infection
2152:Jain AK, Jain S (February 2012).
1139:'s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel,
1102:(1831) the title character has a
918:had the disease and wore a brace.
4948:Diseases named after discoverers
4776:Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis
4602:Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
4345:
3546:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
3179:
3137:American Journal of Case Reports
2806:, Elsevier, pp. 2013–2026,
2661:10.1016/B978-032304073-0.10018-4
1089:on her childhood and adult life.
836:Vertebral collapse resulting in
816:Pediatric surgical interventions
676:Multidrug resistant tuberculosis
601:
257:
121:Tuberculosis of the spine in an
41:
3898:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
3016:New England Journal of Medicine
1229:"Spinal tuberculosis: a review"
1085:(1943) is about the effects of
1037:'s semi-autobiographical novel
999:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
807:Kyphosis progression prevention
4435:Interferon gamma release assay
4337:Post-tuberculosis lung disease
3615:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
3605:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
3512:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
2798:Zeidman SM, Ducker TB (2005),
2476:Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
2374:Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine
2333:10.1002/14651858.CD004532.pub2
1245:10.1179/2045772311Y.0000000023
1227:Garg RK, Somvanshi DS (2011).
874:had tuberculosis of the spine.
358:erythrocyte sedimentation rate
1:
4902:Tuberculosis in human culture
4746:Cure Cottages of Saranac Lake
4731:Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium
2856:10.1016/S1529-9430(02)00410-2
2058:Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
2052:Patankar A (September 2016).
1577:"TB Risk and People with HIV"
1016:Geological Society of America
4178:Intervertebral disc disorder
3878:Corynebacterium minutissimum
3723:Mycobacterium intracellulare
3356:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
3061:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181f2a2c6
2598:10.1097/BLO.0b013e31806a915f
1960:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1606:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1129:Once Upon a Time in the West
1051:(2016), loosely based on it.
956:Willem Ten Boom, brother of
203:, named for British surgeon
4892:Tuberculosis classification
4275:Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
3864:Corynebacterium diphtheriae
2767:10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.12.008
2546:10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.126
1099:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
4964:
4943:Vertebral column disorders
4867:List of tuberculosis cases
4386:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2964:. Hendrickson Publishers.
2710:10.1038/s41598-018-25142-z
2620:"About Spinal Cord Injury"
2158:International Orthopaedics
1553:10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.009
1308:"Massive TB psoas abscess"
534:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
414:Collapse of vertebral body
411:Increased anterior wedging
154:Pott's spine, tuberculous
29:
4756:Glen Lake Children's Camp
4715:Edward Livingston Trudeau
4655:Friedrich Franz Friedmann
4343:
4332:Giant multinucleated cell
4305:Tuberculous lymphadenitis
4191:Degenerative disc disease
3539:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
3473:Tuberculous lymphadenitis
3105:10.3390/pathogens10091158
2895:10.1007/s00586-012-2388-7
2386:10.3171/2009.5.SPINE08331
2170:10.1007/s00264-011-1296-5
1811:. McGraw Hill Education.
1497:10.3390/clinpract13010014
1193:10.1007/s00586-012-2388-7
1074:Katharine Butler Hathaway
120:
111:
27:Tuberculosis of the spine
4837:Tuberculosis elimination
4416:Löwenstein–Jensen medium
3892:Corynebacterium jeikeium
3556:Tuberculous pericarditis
3370:Actinomyces gerencseriae
2430:10.4184/asj.2011.5.3.146
2284:10.4184/asj.2012.6.4.294
2222:10.4046/trd.2015.78.2.47
2071:10.4103/1793-5482.145085
2021:10.1177/2192568218769053
1767:10.4103/1947-2714.115775
1395:10.4103/1947-2714.115775
1151:Memoirs of Hecate County
4842:2007 tuberculosis scare
4622:History of tuberculosis
4425:Chest photofluorography
4365:Mycobacterium africanum
3561:Urogenital tuberculosis
3390:Propionibacterium acnes
3332:Cutaneous actinomycosis
2489:10.4103/0019-5413.61893
1910:10.14245/ns.2142788.394
1324:10.1136/bcr-2013-009966
850:Spinal cord compression
424:shadow with or without
71:more precise citations.
34:, also known as "POTS".
4917:World Tuberculosis Day
4907:Tuberculosis radiology
4801:National Jewish Health
4397:Tuberculosis diagnosis
4310:Tuberculous meningitis
4259:Pulmonary tuberculosis
4196:Spinal disc herniation
4054:Ankylosing spondylitis
3566:Tuberculous dactylitis
3517:Tuberculous cellulitis
3028:10.1056/NEJMicm1207442
2883:European Spine Journal
2109:Medicine International
1697:The Nurse Practitioner
1618:10.3201/eid1605.091693
1181:European Spine Journal
891:, sister of President
885:both had Pott disease.
389:
4897:Tuberculosis in China
4791:Millennium Foundation
4503:4-Aminosalicylic acid
4410:Auramine phenol stain
4356:Mycobacterium species
4252:associated conditions
4201:Facet joint arthrosis
4015:Scheuermann's disease
3923:Gardnerella vaginalis
3826:Nocardia brasiliensis
3188:at Wikimedia Commons
2877:Tuli SM (June 2013).
2204:Lee JY (April 2015).
2015:(4_suppl): 96S–108S.
1175:Tuli SM (June 2013).
1018:, had Pott's disease.
889:Anna Roosevelt Cowles
883:William Ernest Henley
746:Surgical intervention
486:Clinical presentation
436:findings may include:
383:
324:around the tailbone.
158:, spinal tuberculosis
4847:Baumgarten-Tangl law
4761:Glen Lake Sanatorium
4379:Mycobacterium caprae
4315:Miliary tuberculosis
4290:Canga's bead symptom
4250:Symptoms, signs and
3529:Lichen scrofulosorum
3381:Propionibacteriaceae
3321:Actinomyces israelii
3149:10.12659/AJCR.936583
2655:. pp. 117–131.
2009:Global Spine Journal
1484:Clinics and Practice
1187:(Suppl 4): 529–538.
1082:The Little Locksmith
1012:George Mercer Dawson
872:Saint Gemma of Lucca
765:kyphotic deformities
625:improve this section
366:Tuberculin skin test
348:Complete blood count
338:Other labs include:
281:improve this section
4811:Stop TB Partnership
4766:Glenn Dale Hospital
4405:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
4372:Mycobacterium bovis
4322:Latent tuberculosis
3822:Nocardia asteroides
3717:Mycobacterium avium
3620:Lepromatous leprosy
3600:Tuberculoid leprosy
3341:Tropheryma whipplei
2702:2018NatSR...8.6933W
2653:Adolescent Medicine
2418:Asian Spine Journal
2272:Asian Spine Journal
2121:10.3892/mi.2024.152
1866:"Tuberculosis (TB)"
1148:In Edmund Wilson's
1087:spinal tuberculosis
895:, had Pott disease.
753:neurologic deficits
466:Computed tomography
360:: >100 mm/h
228:intervertebral disc
4938:Bacterial diseases
4665:Philip D'Arcy Hart
3914:Bifidobacteriaceae
3855:Corynebacteriaceae
3830:Nocardia farcinica
3667:Aquarium granuloma
3610:Borderline leprosy
3497:Erythema induratum
2987:"Marie Antoinette"
2934:Krasnik B (2013).
2690:Scientific Reports
1972:10.1093/cid/ciw376
1575:CDC (2024-06-17).
1029:In popular culture
893:Theodore Roosevelt
390:
107:Pott's disease
4925:
4924:
4430:GeneXpert MTB/RIF
4209:
4208:
4127:
4126:
4102:Spondylolisthesis
4028:
4027:
3932:
3931:
3908:
3907:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3522:Tuberculous gumma
3405:Corynebacterineae
3399:
3398:
3348:Whipple's disease
3257:
3256:
3184:Media related to
3055:(17): 1420–1425.
2971:978-1-61970-597-5
2844:The Spine Journal
2823:978-0-443-06616-0
2670:978-0-323-04073-0
2649:pp. 119–120. in:
1818:978-1-2646-8734-3
1672:978-1-4557-2376-8
1581:Tuberculosis (TB)
1318:: bcr2013009966.
1039:Inimi cicatrizate
899:Søren Kierkegaard
759:), paravertebral
719:immunocompromised
661:
660:
653:
317:
316:
309:
194:
193:
164:Diagnostic method
101:Medical condition
97:
96:
89:
16:(Redirected from
4955:
4695:Mario Raviglione
4349:
4295:Prosector's wart
4280:Caseous necrosis
4236:
4229:
4222:
4213:
4085:non inflammatory
4071:Spondylodiscitis
4039:
3981:Spinal curvature
3977:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3936:
3844:Rhodococcus equi
3640:
3507:Prosector's wart
3419:
3414:Mycobacteriaceae
3410:
3312:Actinomycetaceae
3308:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3192:
3183:
3170:
3160:
3127:
3117:
3107:
3082:
3072:
3039:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2962:The Hiding Place
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2914:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2815:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2778:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2581:
2568:
2567:
2557:
2525:
2512:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2467:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2368:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2295:
2263:
2244:
2243:
2233:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2181:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2073:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1966:(7): e147–e195.
1951:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1769:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1509:
1499:
1475:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1373:
1346:
1345:
1335:
1312:BMJ Case Reports
1303:
1297:
1286:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1172:
1104:gibbus deformity
1007:Marie Antoinette
925:had the disease.
923:Giacomo Leopardi
656:
649:
645:
642:
636:
605:
597:
332:bacilli) stain.
312:
305:
301:
298:
292:
261:
253:
232:caseous necrosis
221:lumbar vertebrae
144:
143:
116:
104:
92:
85:
81:
78:
72:
67:this article by
58:inline citations
45:
44:
37:
21:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4912:Tygerberg score
4825:
4719:
4685:Charles Mantoux
4675:George M. Heath
4645:Christopher Dye
4640:Albert Calmette
4635:Hermann Brehmer
4630:Manuel de Abreu
4616:
4590:
4552:
4486:
4478:
4391:
4350:
4341:
4251:
4245:
4240:
4210:
4205:
4186:Schmorl's nodes
4172:
4146:Upper back pain
4123:
4114:Spinal stenosis
4080:
4024:
4003:
3968:
3963:
3933:
3928:
3904:
3849:
3799:
3760:
3694:
3673:
3629:
3625:Histoid leprosy
3580:
3427:
3424:M. tuberculosis
3395:
3375:
3297:
3288:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3203:
3177:
3130:
3085:
3042:
3013:
3010:
3008:Further reading
3005:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2889:(S4): 529–538.
2876:
2875:
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2841:
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2836:
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2824:
2797:
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2683:
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2671:
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2643:
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2613:
2583:
2582:
2571:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2469:
2468:
2455:
2411:
2410:
2401:
2370:
2369:
2358:
2327:(1): CD004532.
2314:
2313:
2309:
2265:
2264:
2247:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2102:
2101:
2097:
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2002:
2001:
1997:
1953:
1952:
1935:
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1850:
1848:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1546:(8): e659–666.
1533:
1532:
1523:
1477:
1476:
1421:
1375:
1374:
1349:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1270:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1161:
1062:William Golding
1031:
991:English writer
982:Gavrilo Princip
972:Antonio Gramsci
958:Corrie Ten Boom
928:American actor
860:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
748:
731:
698:
685:
657:
646:
640:
637:
622:
606:
595:
574:
565:
530:
488:
313:
302:
296:
293:
278:
262:
251:
138:
102:
93:
82:
76:
73:
63:Please help to
62:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4961:
4959:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4930:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4690:Richard Morton
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4650:Marcos Espinal
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4568:
4562:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4360:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4300:Lupus vulgaris
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4268:Ghon's complex
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4119:Facet syndrome
4116:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4107:Retrolisthesis
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4076:Pott's disease
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3966:Spinal disease
3964:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3939:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3859:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3773:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3755:M. haemophilum
3751:
3750:
3749:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3705:
3703:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3684:
3682:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3649:
3647:
3637:
3635:Nontuberculous
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:Lupus vulgaris
3499:
3494:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3448:
3446:Ghon's complex
3434:
3432:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3303:Actinomycineae
3299:
3298:
3295:Actinomycetota
3289:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3224:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:Classification
3186:Pott's disease
3176:
3175:External links
3173:
3172:
3171:
3128:
3083:
3040:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:
2977:
2970:
2952:
2926:
2869:
2850:(2): 130–145.
2834:
2822:
2790:
2741:
2676:
2669:
2636:
2611:
2569:
2513:
2482:(2): 127–136.
2453:
2424:(3): 146–154.
2399:
2380:(5): 620–627.
2356:
2307:
2278:(4): 294–308.
2245:
2193:
2164:(2): 285–292.
2144:
2095:
2064:(3): 226–231.
2044:
1995:
1933:
1904:(3): 648–650.
1881:
1857:
1834:"Pott Disease"
1824:
1817:
1799:
1740:
1683:
1671:
1641:
1612:(5): 853–855.
1592:
1567:
1521:
1490:(1): 155–165.
1419:
1388:(7): 404–411.
1347:
1298:
1268:
1239:(5): 440–454.
1216:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1116:A Doll's House
1107:
1090:
1071:
1058:
1052:
1048:Scarred Hearts
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1009:
1001:, son of King
996:
989:
979:
968:
961:
954:
948:
937:This Is a Soul
933:
926:
919:
916:Luciano Leggio
912:Sicilian mafia
908:
902:
896:
886:
879:Alexander Pope
877:English poets
875:
859:
856:
855:
854:
847:
841:
834:
826:
823:
817:
814:
808:
805:
799:
796:
790:
787:
786:
785:
782:
779:
776:
747:
744:
730:
727:
715:drug-resistant
697:
694:
684:
681:
659:
658:
609:
607:
600:
594:
591:
573:
570:
564:
561:
529:
526:
487:
484:
483:
482:
477:
469:
463:
457:
456:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
438:
437:
429:
428:
418:
415:
412:
409:
403:
402:
401:
400:
378:
377:
376:
375:
363:
362:
361:
354:
315:
314:
265:
263:
256:
250:
247:
236:superinfection
205:Percivall Pott
197:Pott's disease
192:
191:
189:Percivall Pott
186:
180:
179:
166:
160:
159:
152:
146:
145:
132:
126:
125:
123:Egyptian mummy
118:
117:
109:
108:
100:
95:
94:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4960:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:Organizations
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4670:F. R. G. Heaf
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:Experimental
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:Thioacetazone
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4168:Radiculopathy
4166:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4151:Low back pain
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:Spondylolysis
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Spondylopathy
4031:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3733:MAI infection
3731:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Scrofuloderma
3490:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Actinomycosis
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2992:
2988:
2985:Covington R.
2981:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2942:on 2016-10-13
2941:
2937:
2930:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2825:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2804:Spine Surgery
2801:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2241:
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2018:
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1987:
1982:
1977:
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1028:
1023:
1022:Masaoka Shiki
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
977:
976:fascist Italy
973:
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797:
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769:
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707:
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695:
693:
689:
682:
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677:
673:
669:
665:
655:
652:
644:
641:December 2023
634:
630:
626:
620:
619:
615:
610:This section
608:
604:
599:
598:
592:
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586:
582:
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571:
569:
562:
560:
558:
554:
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485:
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467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
439:
435:
431:
430:
427:
426:calcification
423:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
406:
405:
404:
398:
397:
396:of the spine
395:
392:
391:
387:
382:
373:
369:
368:
367:
364:
359:
355:
353:
349:
346:
345:
344:
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339:
336:
333:
329:
325:
321:
311:
308:
300:
290:
286:
282:
276:
275:
271:
266:This section
264:
260:
255:
254:
248:
246:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
190:
187:
185:
181:
178:
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161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
142:
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
119:
115:
110:
105:
99:
91:
88:
80:
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4887:Sunshine Way
4877:Preventorium
4862:Iowa Cow War
4710:Madonna Swan
4705:Lucius RĂĽedi
4543:Pyrazinamide
4533:Streptomycin
4489:ATC code J04
4467:Mantoux test
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4285:Pott disease
4243:Tuberculosis
4075:
4061:Sacroiliitis
4042:inflammatory
3921:
3890:
3876:
3862:
3842:
3820:
3813:Nocardiaceae
3794:M. abscessus
3792:
3785:
3780:M. fortuitum
3778:
3753:
3747:Buruli ulcer
3739:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3687:
3659:
3652:
3585:
3484:
3455:
3451:Pott disease
3438:Tuberculosis
3422:
3388:
3368:
3354:
3339:
3319:
3241:
3226:
3207:
3178:
3140:
3136:
3095:
3091:
3052:
3048:
3019:
3015:
2994:. Retrieved
2990:
2980:
2961:
2955:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:the original
2929:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2827:, retrieved
2803:
2793:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2652:
2639:
2628:. Retrieved
2623:
2614:
2589:
2585:
2537:
2533:
2479:
2475:
2421:
2417:
2377:
2373:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2275:
2271:
2216:(2): 47–55.
2213:
2209:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2012:
2008:
1998:
1963:
1959:
1901:
1897:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1837:
1827:
1808:
1802:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1703:(8): 49–55.
1700:
1696:
1686:
1676:, retrieved
1654:
1644:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1584:. Retrieved
1580:
1570:
1543:
1539:
1487:
1483:
1385:
1381:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1288:
1236:
1232:
1184:
1180:
1149:
1140:
1137:Ernest Poole
1127:
1124:Sergio Leone
1114:
1111:Henrik Ibsen
1097:
1080:
1065:
1055:A. J. Cronin
1046:
1038:
993:Denton Welch
936:
865:
861:
819:
810:
801:
792:
770:
749:
740:
732:
729:Chemotherapy
699:
690:
686:
674:
670:
666:
662:
647:
638:
623:Please help
611:
593:Epidemiology
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:Risk factors
566:
563:Transmission
557:psoas muscle
553:cold abscess
546:
538:
531:
528:Pathogenesis
522:
515:
508:
504:
500:
493:
489:
468:of the spine
434:radiographic
384:A girl from
352:leukocytosis
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
303:
294:
279:Please help
267:
243:psoas muscle
240:
225:
209:tuberculosis
201:Pott disease
200:
196:
195:
135:Rheumatology
98:
83:
74:
55:
18:Pott disease
4816:TB Alliance
4680:Robert Koch
4566:BCG vaccine
4538:Bedaquiline
4518:Cycloserine
4513:Capreomycin
4440:QuantiFERON
4414:Culture on
4092:Spondylosis
4049:Spondylitis
4020:Torticollis
3836:Nocardiosis
3787:M. chelonae
3741:M. ulcerans
3689:M. gordonae
3654:M. kansasii
3143:: e936583.
3098:(9): 1158.
2991:Smithsonian
2761:: 236–239.
2696:(1): 6933.
2540:: 191–197.
1870:www.who.int
1094:Victor Hugo
1035:Max Blecher
986:World War I
965:Max Blecher
951:Jane Addams
710:Antibiotics
432:Additional
394:Radiographs
343:Blood tests
297:August 2024
184:Named after
156:spondylitis
77:August 2020
69:introducing
4932:Categories
4882:Sanatorium
4700:Carl RĂĽedi
4660:Max Gerson
4595:Resistance
4523:Rifampicin
4508:Ethambutol
4484:Management
4457:Tuberculin
4327:Paronychia
4264:Ghon focus
4156:Coccydynia
3884:Erythrasma
3870:Diphtheria
3661:M. marinum
3534:Tuberculid
3466:Rich focus
3461:Meningitis
3442:Ghon focus
3022:(8): 756.
2996:2019-08-18
2946:2016-10-02
2829:2024-08-01
2645:"Kyphosis"
2630:2024-07-26
1898:Neurospine
1875:2024-07-31
1851:2024-07-25
1838:StatPearls
1760:(7): 404.
1678:2024-08-01
1586:2024-08-01
1159:References
1142:His Family
941:Rick Hodes
930:Pat Morita
905:Chick Webb
831:Paraplegia
757:paraplegia
723:analgesics
696:Management
683:Prevention
541:cancellous
518:paraplegia
219:and upper
169:Radiograph
52:references
4574:M72/AS01E
4498:Isoniazid
4472:Tine test
4462:Heaf test
4445:T-SPOT.TB
4141:Neck pain
4133:Back pain
3999:Scoliosis
3973:Deforming
3587:M. leprae
3486:cutaneous
3092:Pathogens
2903:0940-6719
2718:2045-2322
2592:: 78–85.
2115:(3): 28.
1776:1947-2714
1717:0361-1817
1295:eMedicine
1067:The Spire
1064:'s novel
1043:Radu Jude
1003:Louis XVI
825:Prognosis
761:abscesses
612:does not
461:Bone scan
420:Enlarged
356:Elevated
268:does not
249:Diagnosis
238:is rare.
173:Bone scan
130:Specialty
4872:Plombage
4558:Vaccines
4161:Sciatica
4066:Discitis
3994:Lordosis
3989:Kyphosis
3710:M. avium
3429:M. bovis
3167:35684941
3124:34578190
3079:21224751
3036:23425168
2921:22802129
2864:14589227
2785:31874383
2736:29720686
2606:17620809
2564:33166818
2508:20418999
2448:21892386
2394:19929368
2351:16437489
2302:23275816
2240:25861336
2188:21720864
2139:38660125
2130:11040281
2090:27366249
2039:30574444
1990:27516382
1928:34610698
1846:30855915
1794:24020048
1735:30028773
1636:20409383
1562:20181507
1516:36826156
1414:24020048
1342:23696148
1263:22118251
1211:22802129
1126:'s film
1113:'s play
945:Ethiopia
838:kyphosis
549:kyphosis
511:kyphosis
496:kyphosis
386:Oklahoma
217:thoracic
150:Symptoms
4821:Unitaid
4548:Rifater
4418:and/or
3712:complex
3596:Leprosy
3551:Miliary
3248:D014399
3158:9195639
3115:8465804
3070:4612634
2912:3691412
2776:6931094
2727:5932000
2698:Bibcode
2555:7652712
2499:2856387
2439:3159062
2342:6532687
2293:3530707
2231:4388900
2179:3282857
2081:4849291
2030:6295815
1981:6590850
1919:8497242
1785:3759066
1726:6391993
1627:2954005
1507:9955044
1405:3759066
1333:3670072
1254:3184481
1202:3691412
963:Writer
858:History
633:removed
618:sources
289:removed
274:sources
211:of the
65:improve
4857:ESAT-6
4852:CFP-10
4584:RBCG30
4579:MVA85A
3165:
3155:
3122:
3112:
3077:
3067:
3034:
2968:
2919:
2909:
2901:
2862:
2820:
2783:
2773:
2734:
2724:
2716:
2667:
2604:
2562:
2552:
2506:
2496:
2446:
2436:
2392:
2349:
2339:
2300:
2290:
2238:
2228:
2186:
2176:
2137:
2127:
2088:
2078:
2037:
2027:
1988:
1978:
1926:
1916:
1844:
1815:
1792:
1782:
1774:
1733:
1723:
1715:
1669:
1634:
1624:
1560:
1514:
1504:
1412:
1402:
1340:
1330:
1261:
1251:
1209:
1199:
1078:memoir
475:biopsy
137:
54:, but
4830:Other
4008:Other
3456:brain
3237:015.0
3222:M49.0
3218:A18.0
3049:Spine
1045:film
914:boss
853:legs.
844:Sinus
422:psoas
213:spine
199:, or
4420:MGIT
3243:MeSH
3232:9-CM
3163:PMID
3120:PMID
3075:PMID
3032:PMID
2966:ISBN
2917:PMID
2899:ISSN
2860:PMID
2818:ISBN
2781:PMID
2732:PMID
2714:ISSN
2665:ISBN
2602:PMID
2560:PMID
2504:PMID
2444:PMID
2390:PMID
2347:PMID
2325:2006
2298:PMID
2236:PMID
2184:PMID
2135:PMID
2086:PMID
2035:PMID
1986:PMID
1924:PMID
1842:PMID
1813:ISBN
1790:PMID
1772:ISSN
1731:PMID
1713:ISSN
1667:ISBN
1632:PMID
1558:PMID
1512:PMID
1410:PMID
1338:PMID
1316:2013
1259:PMID
1207:PMID
1005:and
910:The
881:and
616:any
614:cite
472:Bone
272:any
270:cite
3728:MAP
3228:ICD
3209:ICD
3153:PMC
3145:doi
3110:PMC
3100:doi
3065:PMC
3057:doi
3024:doi
3020:368
2907:PMC
2891:doi
2852:doi
2808:doi
2771:PMC
2763:doi
2722:PMC
2706:doi
2657:doi
2594:doi
2590:460
2550:PMC
2542:doi
2494:PMC
2484:doi
2434:PMC
2426:doi
2382:doi
2337:PMC
2329:doi
2288:PMC
2280:doi
2226:PMC
2218:doi
2174:PMC
2166:doi
2125:PMC
2117:doi
2076:PMC
2066:doi
2025:PMC
2017:doi
1976:PMC
1968:doi
1914:PMC
1906:doi
1780:PMC
1762:doi
1721:PMC
1705:doi
1659:doi
1622:PMC
1614:doi
1548:doi
1502:PMC
1492:doi
1400:PMC
1390:doi
1328:PMC
1320:doi
1293:at
1249:PMC
1241:doi
1197:PMC
1189:doi
1135:In
1122:In
1109:In
1096:'s
1092:In
1076:'s
1060:In
943:in
706:CDC
702:WHO
627:by
480:MRI
372:HIV
283:by
177:MRI
4934::
4266:/
3770:RG
3766:R4
3700:R3
3679:R2
3644:R1
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