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378:), with Løvenørn installed as its director. It is for his work and dedication here which supported the rational navigation of Danish waters that he is best known. Over several years he sailed round the entire coast of Denmark, measuring and sketching better pilotage instructions, improving harbours and lighthouses together with buoying the navigable channels. Prior to his work the relatively poor charts developed by the brothers
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298:. Under the capable captain Verdun de la Crenne and in the fleet of Count d'Estaing he was both popular and noticed, quickly being appointed as adjutant to the fleet commander and promoted in the French fleet to lieutenant de vaisseaux. Here too, he eagerly engaged in navigation, studied where he could, made various French scientists friends, such as the mathematician
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In 1791 the Danish government sent Løvenørn on yet another diplomatic mission, this time to
Morocco with the annual tribute to the ruler there and instructions to negotiate a continuance of treaty terms. Everyone satisfied, he returned late in 1792 but was beset by storms and bad weather in the North
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From 1760 as a volunteer cadet, Løvenørn enter the naval academy in 1765 Løvenørn was particularly industrious and was commissioned junior lieutenant in 1770. Immediately after promotion, he was posted to a frigate with orders to sail to the
Mediterranean. His first ship heading for the Mediterranean
601:
In the winter of 1825–26 Løvenørn’s health began to break down, so that he gave up on many of his duties and interests. He maintained an undiminished love of his work on the preparation of marine navigational charts and pilots and completed more than sixty charts and descriptions of conditions from
580:
but not the two prizes which had been reclaimed by their previous owners. Both the French and the Dutch protested at the poor condition of the ships delivered. When the captain of the
British ship received orders from London to transfer the ships as they were or to sail away leaving the two ships at
420:
With similar exercises he so produced easier navigation of the
Norwegian and Danish sea routes so he came into close contact with the General Customs collegiate which had responsibilities for harbours and lighthouses at that time. In December 1796 the leadership of the Pilot Service fell to Løvenørn
385:
On one expedition in 1786 to
Greenland with the intention of investigating the area near Østerbygden he was forced back by pack ice, so he transferred the expedition's command to lieutenant C. T. Egede and travelled home via Iceland and the Shetland Islands where he took the opportunity to study the
362:
Throughout his career, Løvenørn concentrated professionally on cartography and navigation. The charts which Løvenørn produced, influenced or instigated, alongside written descriptions and pilots, cover areas as diverse as parts of
Greenland and the Canary Isles, and also the English Channel and the
588:
which had opened some fifteen years earlier, in 1784. In 1809 he was organising the
Department of ferries in Denmark, and in the same year became a member of the Canal Directorate, which in 1811 became the department responsible for canals, harbours and lighthouses where he also served for a few
338:(Danish: Den Kongelige Grønlandske Handel, KGH), sailing via France, Portugal, The Azores and the Antilles – a voyage of one year’s duration. Løvenørn’s report was submitted to the Science Society of Denmark, resulting in his being admitted as a member in 1784. The report was published in 1786.
551:
Apart from these missions, Løvenørn was much used for his administrative talents where he could rapidly come to a practical solution. In this mode when yellow fever was ravaging the West indies and
America in 1796 he established a quarantine station at Christiansand and also took reassuring
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After a serious illness, the result of being shipwrecked in the
Atlantic, Løvenørn was promoted in 1781 to lieutenant commander, and returned to Denmark in 1782 to lead an expedition charged with investigating some scientific and nautical problems and the use of the new
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which he reformed and improved, supervising and standardising pilots and recruiting officers round the whole of
Denmark and Norway, and later in 1797 he was investigating the best options for ferry ports to link
274:
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was adjutant to the admiral at this time). It is recorded that Løvenørn was presented with an expensive gift from the Russian Court in appreciation of his help and knowledge of navigation in the Danish waters.
1034:
Bergersen, Olav (1880-1973) (1966). Nøytralitet og krig: fra Nordens væpnede nøytralitets saga : en sjømilitær studie. Oslo: Tveitan. s. 239−240. (access online restricted to those with a Norwegian IP
689:- in 1844, 1877, and 1910 but it is not clear to which member of the family Løvenørn the honour applies. Safe navigation of Danish waters is today promoted by the Danish Maritime Authority. The buoy tender
243:
and died 16 March 1826 in Copenhagen. He married twice, first on 12 December 1792 to Anna Marie Philippine née Dumreicher (died 1795), secondly on 25 April 1797 to Caroline Henriette née Gæde (died 1842).
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In 1783 Løvenørn was named as adjutant-general in the naval service and at his initiative the archive of sea charts was established in 1784, based on the French Dépôt des cartes de marine (now named
709:
The reference at Project Runeberg has Løvenørn becoming a cadet in 1767, but this appears to be an error as the usual ages for volunteer cadets to be enrolled into the academy were much younger
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coast and navigation so that later, with the help of others, he could work out the charts and pilotage of those regions. It may have been from this expedition that Cape Løvenørn
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1776 saw Løvenørn promoted to senior lieutenant, and two years later, together with nine other young Danish officers, he entered French naval service for the duration of the
593:. Throughout all these duties he maintained a lively correspondence with foreign scientific establishments of which he was a member, including the Institute de France.
548:
In 1794, whilst captain of the frigate Cronborg, de Løvenørn was ordered to Bergen to prevent an uprising and was as such successful by the presence of his war ship.
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He second wife bore him two children: son Frederik Ernst Vendelbo de Løvenørn (1793–1849) and daughter Frederikke Sophie Elisabeth Løvenørn (1804–1889), who married
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in southwest Norway to receive from the British a number of ships which the latter had unlawfully seized in Norwegian harbours. These ships were the French
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in 1809 to the Grand Cross in 1824, he exhibited great administrative abilities and was also employed on diplomatic missions to Sweden, Russia and Morocco.
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anchor, Løvenørn accepted them but put the case to a Notary Public for assessment. The British captain would not recognise any such legal assessment.
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that she tried, unsuccessfully, to get him to come into her service. In 1788, after acting as an observer in gunnery trials on the ship-of-the-line
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northern Iceland to the most southerly of Danish waters. In this work, his legacy was a lasting memorial to his noble personality and competence.
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along with the few other Danish naval officers who would take part in the expedition. They departed the same year on the newly completed ship
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As Løvenørn rose steadily through the ranks of the Royal Danish Navy to reach flag rank in 1812, and through the Danish honours system from
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was totally dismasted in a North Sea storm, and had to return to Denmark for repairs. He later completed the voyage in another frigate, the
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In 1787 Løvenørn was sent to Sweden and to Russia to secretly assess those countries military preparedness. He so impressed the tsarina
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of J. A. Armand. Prior to the voyage Løvenørn studied at the observatory under the astronomer, mathematician and cartographer
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P. Lövenörns Beretning om en Reise for de i Danmark forfærdigede Söe-Længde-Uhres Pröve med Fregatten Pröven i Aarene 1782-83
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P. Lövenörns Beretning om en Reise for de i Danmark forfærdigede Söe-Længde-Uhres Pröve med Fregatten Pröven i Aarene 1782-83
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291:. After this for several years he was rarely at sea, studying at home and at work the sciences of astronomy and navigation.
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722:(in Danish and in German) that Løvenørn produced in 1815 for the approaches to Sønderho, a minor harbour on the island of
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and Christian Carl Lous (Chief Pilot and Director of Navigation, respectively) in the 1760s had been the best available.
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In a complex career, Løvenørn was often absent from his responsibilities in Copenhagen. His commands at sea included
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A portrait (pastel) of Poul Løvenørn is in the private possession of the Count Holstein-Løvenørn, with a copy (by
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Goodwin Sands. Mostly, however, they are charts of Danish-Norwegian coastal waters. Many of these are held in the
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In 1785 he led a scientific expedition to Sweden where he became friends with the admiral and scientist
474:– frigate, in the home squadron. Unrest in Bergen in 1794 was quelled by the arrival of Løvenørn's ship.
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208:(1751–1826) was a Danish naval officer and cartographer, scientist, administrator and diplomat.
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was named. These charts proved of exceptional quality and were used for a great many years.
231:. His mother was Frederikke née Holsten and there were ten siblings. His was one of the old
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from 1834) in the museum at Frederiksborg. The same museum also holds a marble bust (by
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529:, he was however attached to the Russian vice admiral von Dessen in 1788 (during the
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Visiting the Eider region in 1799 he drew up plans for the better operating of the
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1186:. Hard copies are listed in libraries Stockholm, Odense, Ballerup and Copenhagen
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In 1789 he was promoted to captain and kept busy at sea for the next two years.
1182:. Two volumes. No longer downloadable (April 2021) - previously available from
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Officerer i den dansk-norske Søetat 1660-1814 og den danske Søetat 1814-1932
16:
Danish naval officer and cartographer, scientist, administrator and diplomat
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Løvenørn wrote a comprehensive account of his travels in Danish waters:
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1085:. Vol. IX (1st ed.). Gyldendal. pp. 305–306 – via
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693:(note spelling), was launched in 2002 and continues his work today.
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and whilst in the Mediterranean also served on the ship-of-the-line
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Nautical chart by Løvenørn of the waters off Baijin, Algier, 1769.
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Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog
258:, Count of Conradsborg (1787–1851), district governor of
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Poul de Løvenørn died 16 March 1826 and is buried in
1028:, checked and augmented from the references quoted.
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1065:published by Defense Mapping Agency, Washington DC
552:quarantine measures both in Denmark and in Norway.
653:Danish registry of protected buildings and places
589:years. In 1816 Løvenørn became a director of the
685:Three later ships of the Danish navy were named
1024:Initially translated from the Danish Knowledge
718:The fine detail of his work can be judged from
651:(1816–18). Stevns Lighthouse was listed in the
562:and two prizes captured by her, and the Dutch
591:General Customs Office and Commercial College
8:
1178:T. A. Topsøe-Jensen og Emil Marquard (1935)
376:Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service
1245:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog
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1250:Burials at Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)
235:of Denmark. He was born 11 August 1751 in
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180:Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog
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481:– frigate, guard ship at Copenhagen
367:(Danish: M/S Museet for Søfart) at
199:Cartography and diplomatic missions
1225:19th-century Danish naval officers
1220:18th-century Danish naval officers
336:Royal Greenland Trading Department
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1235:People from Slagelse Municipality
780:Topsøe-Jensen Vol 2 pages 155–159
1045:in Dansk Biografisk Leksikon at
463:, in Copenhagen's defence force.
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1082:Knuth, Joachim Sigismund Ditlev
1026:da:Poul de Løvenørn (søofficer)
572:had arrived with the privateer
452:– expedition ship to Greenland.
330:(best English translation: the
81:Assistens Kirkegård, Copenhagen
681:Stevns Old Lighthouse in 2021.
365:M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark
1:
899:Royal Danish Naval Museum -
647:(1811, later heightened) and
310:, and became a member of the
1169:Royal Danish Naval Museum -
1149:Royal Danish Naval Museum -
493:Administration and diplomacy
296:American War of Independence
35:Poul de Løvenørn (1751–1826)
670:. There is another bust at
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1052:Danish Maritime Authority
342:Sea charts and expeditions
1005:Marine traffic Website -
995:Danish Maritime Authority
828:Project Runeberg - DBL -
514:Fredrik Henrik af Chapman
334:), a vessel owned by The
140:Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy
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1141:Dansk biografisk Lexikon
1120:with more sources listed
1075:Kringelbach, G. (1905).
666:) and another pastel by
1041:Bjerg, Hans Christian:
450:Grev Ernst Schimmekmann
190:Løvenørn (noble family)
1049:(accessed 11 May 2021)
890:Bjerg - DBL - Løvenørn
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488:– frigate to Morocco.
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161:Years of service
1215:Danish cartographers
1143:Vol 10 pages 622–624
1077:Brika, Carl Frederik
1068:Geni.com website -
926:Marcussen website -
830:Vol 10 pages 622–624
624:, Vol 1 (303 pages).
350:Plan by Løvenørn of
320:nautical chronometer
222:Frederik de Løvenørn
1135:Project Runeberg -
607:Assistens Kirkegård
521:Catherine the Great
507:Ridder af Dannebrog
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1156:2012-12-31 at the
720:these instructions
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312:Académie de Marine
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237:Antvorskov Kloster
54:Antvorskov Kloster
1095:cite encyclopedia
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405:64.467°N 40.150°W
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70:(1826-03-16)
1205:1826 deaths
1200:1751 births
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1124:My Heritage
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852:, pp.
747:My Heritage
639:(1801–05),
586:Eider Canal
578:de Vlugheit
564:de Vlugheit
408: /
252: [
225: [
116:(1814–1826)
103:(1762–1814)
1194:Categories
1126:website -
1116:Marcussen
1061:(1983) on
734:References
660:C A Jensen
597:Final year
569:Sea Guller
332:Experiment
314:in Brest.
266:counties.
87:Allegiance
47:1751-08-11
1105:ignored (
1016:Citations
950:Bergersen
655:in 1932.
479:Hvide Ørn
457:Lindormen
369:Helsingør
185:Relations
164:1765–1826
60:, Denmark
1154:Archived
1054:(dma.dk)
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928:Løvenørn
840:Geni.com
687:Løvenørn
526:Justitia
472:Cronborg
468:Kronborg
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241:Slagelse
124:Service/
58:Slagelse
1118:website
1079:(ed.).
854:305–306
556:Farsund
427:Lolland
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308:Méchain
289:Sejeren
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1162:Prøven
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260:Præstø
177:Awards
126:branch
77:Buried
697:Notes
461:xebec
300:Borda
256:]
239:near
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1184:here
1107:help
1007:ship
973:2021
724:Fanø
576:and
425:and
262:and
188:see
169:Rank
65:Died
41:Born
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